| monoclonal antibodies to the spike protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus mediate antibody-dependent enhancement of infection of feline macrophages. | antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection is a process whereby virus-antibody complexes initiate infection of cells via fc receptor-mediated endocytosis. we sought to investigate antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection of primary feline peritoneal macrophages in vitro. enhancement of infection was assessed, after indirect immunofluorescent-antibody labelling of infected cells, by determining the ratio between the number of cells infected in the pre ... | 1992 | 1309922 |
| immunization of cats against feline infectious peritonitis with anti-idiotypic antibodies. | anti-idiotypic antibodies (ab2s) generated against neutralizing antibodies (ab1s) specific for feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) were shown to be specific for paratope-associated idiotopes of the ab1s and not against isotypic determinants. in a study to determine the efficacy of an anti-idiotypic vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis (fip), cats that were immunized with a pool of monoclonal ab2s developed ab3s that recognized the variable regions of the ab2s as well as the natur ... | 1992 | 1319173 |
| induction and enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis by canine coronavirus. | preexisting antibody to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) causes acceleration and enhancement of disease on subsequent infection of cats with fipv. other workers have shown that canine coronavirus (ccv) can infect cats subclinically, but have found no evidence of enhancement of, or protection against, subsequent fipv infection. with various isolates of ccv, we determined that 1 strain of ccv can induce transient mild diarrhea in cats and, furthermore, that previous infection with ccv ca ... | 1992 | 1329586 |
| differential in vitro inhibition of feline enteric coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus by actinomycin d. | the growth of feline enteric coronavirus strain 79-1683 in whole feline embryo cells was inhibited by the presence of 1 microgram/ml of actinomycin d in the culture fluid. no virus-specific mrnas could be detected in such cultures and yields of infectious virus were depressed by > 99%. by contrast, the antigenically related feline infectious peritonitis virus strain 79-1146 was unaffected by the presence of actinomycin d, indicating a fundamental difference between the two feline coronavirus str ... | 1992 | 1335030 |
| diseases of the european wildcat (felis silvestris schreber, 1777) in great britain. | the author describes an examination conducted in collaboration with the nature conservancy council of great britain into the status with regard to disease, conservation and genetics of the european wildcat (felis silvestris). feline leukaemia virus (felv) infection was detected by positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood from 2 of 23 wildcats and was tested and confirmed by felv isolation in one of the two cats. this is the first time the virus has been clearly demonstrated in a free- ... | 1992 | 1339067 |
| monoclonal antibody analysis of neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus. | fifty-four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) were characterized according to protein specificity, immunoglobulin subclass, virus neutralization, reactivity with different coronaviruses, and ability to induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) of fipv infection in vitro. the mabs were found to be specific for one of three structural proteins of fipv. a total of 47 mabs were specific for the 205-kda spike protein (s), 3 mabs were specific for the 45-kda n ... | 1992 | 1383568 |
| antigenic analysis of feline coronaviruses with monoclonal antibodies (mabs): preparation of mabs which discriminate between fipv strain 79-1146 and fecv strain 79-1683. | we prepared 31 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against either fipv strain 79-1146 or fecv strain 79-1683, and tested them for reactivity with various coronaviruses by indirect fluorescent antibody assay (ifa). sixteen mabs which reacted with all of the 11 strains of feline coronaviruses, also reacted with canine coronavirus (ccv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). in many of them, the polypeptide specificity was the recognition of transmembrane (e1) protein of the virus. we succeeded i ... | 1991 | 1653482 |
| perspectives on the epizootiology of feline enteric coronavirus and the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis. | this review presents some current thoughts regarding the epizootiology of the feline coronaviruses; feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and feline coronavirus (fecv) with primary emphasis on the pathogenesis of these viruses in nature. although the mechanism(s) whereby fipv causes disease are still incompletely understood, there have been significant contributions to the literature over the past decade which provide a framework upon which plausible explanations can be postulated. two conc ... | 1991 | 1654668 |
| a study on the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in feline macrophages by monoclonal antibodies. | enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) infection of feline macrophages was studied using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the fipv strain 79-1146. adherent cells recovered from the feline lung and peritoneal cavity phagocytosed fixed red blood cells, and formed fc-mediated rosettes. enhancement of virus infection by mab was investigated by inoculating alveolar macrophages with a mixtures of viral suspension and mab, and examining the cells for intracellular viral antigen by the ... | 1991 | 1659798 |
| some viral and protozool diseases in the european wildcat (felis silvestris). | ten european wildcats (felis silvestris) were examined at necropsy and an additional 23 were examined clinically for evidence of viral diseases in scotland. two plasma samples taken from live free-living wildcats showed positive elisa reactions to feline leukemia antigen. a feline leukemia virus of subgroup a was isolated from one of these samples, taken from a wildcat in north-western scotland. no antibodies to feline coronavirus or feline immunodeficiency virus were detected in any sample. thr ... | 1991 | 1758037 |
| serologic response of domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo) to canine distemper and rabies virus vaccines. | nine unrelated 12-week-old naive domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo) were used to evaluate the serologic responses to commercial canine distemper virus (cdv) and rabies virus (rv) vaccines. five of the ferrets (group 1) were inoculated 3 times at 2-week intervals with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine of canine cell-line origin, containing cdv and an inactivated rv vaccine. four of the ferrets (group 2) were inoculated once with the multivalent modified-live virus vaccine containing ... | 1989 | 2537273 |
| comparative features of a coronavirus isolated from a cheetah with feline infectious peritonitis. | a coronavirus which was isolated from a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) that succumbed to feline infectious peritonitis was characterized in vitro. the virus was determined to be highly cell-associated with crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells and was routinely maintained as a persistent infection (crfk 83-4497). the cheetah coronavirus was compared with other members of the feline coronavirus group including the feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) 79-1683 and the feline infectious peritonitis viruses ( ... | 1989 | 2546331 |
| biological and pathological consequences of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in the cheetah. | an epizootic of feline infectious peritonitis in a captive cheetah population during 1982-1983 served to focus attention on the susceptibility of the cheetah (acinoyx jubatus) to infectious disease. subsequent observations based upon seroepidemiological surveys and electron microscopy of fecal material verified that cheetahs were indeed capable of being infected by coronaviruses, which were antigenically related to coronaviruses affecting domestic cats, i.e. feline infectious peritonitis virus/f ... | 1988 | 2849387 |
| identification of viral antigens that induce antibody responses on exposure to coronaviruses. | various techniques were used to look for protective, non-cross-reactive antibodies in the sera of cats exposed to virulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). antibodies reactive with feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) from fipv-exposed cats were adsorbed by several passages over an fecv-sepharose column. in an elisa against fecv and fipv, the activity against both viruses was removed at the same rate; thus, no fipv-specific antibodies could be identified. by gel electrophoresis-derived e ... | 1988 | 3223654 |
| [trichomonad infections of the oral cavity in cats in south germany]. | in this investigation trichomonads were isolated from the oral cavity in 21 of 110 examined cats, and only from those which were simultaneously felv, fiv or fip positive. by means of scanning electron microscopy the trichomonads were shown to be round or piriform parasites which were on average 7.9 microns long and 6.2 microns wide at maximum width. they had 4 anterior flagella, which were on average 9.4 microns long, an undulating membrane measuring 6.7 microns with no trailing flagellum as wel ... | 1992 | 1319091 |
| functional differences in the peplomer glycoproteins of feline coronavirus isolates. | the feline coronaviruses can be divided into two distinct antigenic groups on the basis of antigenic differences found on the peplomer (e2) glycoprotein of the virus. because the e2 glycoprotein is responsible for many of the biological functions of coronaviruses, experiments were done to determine whether there were any e2 functional differences between these two antigenic groups. the avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) isolate fipv-ucd-2, which has one antigenic type of e2, wa ... | 1987 | 3599185 |
| antigenic comparison of feline coronavirus isolates: evidence for markedly different peplomer glycoproteins. | the antigenic relationships among seven feline coronavirus isolates were investigated by using a panel of 26 monoclonal antibodies (mabs). the mabs were categorized into five immunoreactive groups which were used to delineate two antigenic types of feline coronaviruses. one antigenic type included the more virulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) isolates (fipv-ucd-1, fipv-ucd-4, fipv-tn406, fipv-df2, and fipv-79-1146), whereas the second antigenic type was composed of the avirulent i ... | 1987 | 3599183 |
| an enteric coronavirus infection of cats and its relationship to feline infectious peritonitis. | an enteric coronavirus that is antigenically closely related to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is ubiquitous in the cat population. this virus has been designated feline enteric coronavirus to differentiate it from fipv. the virus is shed in the feces by many seropositive cats; in catteries it is a cause of inapparent to mildly severe enteritis in kittens 6 to 12 weeks of age. the virus may produce a more severe enteritis in young specific-pathogen-free kittens. feline enteric corona ... | 1981 | 6267960 |
| sequence analysis of the 3'-end of the feline coronavirus fipv 79-1146 genome: comparison with the genome of porcine coronavirus tgev reveals large insertions. | the genetic information, carried on mrna 6 of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strain 79-1146, was determined by sequence analysis of cdna clones derived from the 3' end of the fipv genome. two orfs were found, encoding polypeptides of 11k (orf-1) and 22k (orf-2). the fipv sequence was compared to the 3' end sequence of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). orf-1 has a homologous counterpart (orf-x3) in the tgev genome; both orfs are located at the same position relative to the n ... | 1988 | 3201747 |
| isolation and identification of feline peritoneal macrophages for in vitro studies of coronavirus-macrophage interactions. | feline peritoneal cells were collected by lavage with isotonic saline without the use of irritants or need for euthanasia of the cats. macrophages were purified by centrifugation on percoll followed by selective adherence. although few macrophages could be obtained from an initial lavage, a second lavage performed on the same cat 9-11 days later yielded six times as many macrophages as the first lavage, providing sufficient numbers of cells for characterization and infection experiments. macroph ... | 1988 | 3183510 |
| comparative properties of feline coronaviruses in vitro. | two feline coronaviruses were characterized to determine their biological properties in vitro and their antigenic relatedness to a previously recognized feline infectious peritonitis virus and canine coronavirus. the viruses, designated wsu 79-1146 and wsu 79-1683, were shown to have comparable growth curves with the prototype feline infectious peritonitis virus. treatment of the feline infectious peritonitis virus strains with 0.25% trypsin indicated that they were relatively resistant to prote ... | 1987 | 3038290 |
| comparison of serologic assays for measurement of antibody response to coronavirus in cats. | serologic virus neutralization tests, indirect immunofluorescence tests, and elisa, using tissue culture-adapted feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) or feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) were compared for their ability to distinguish specific virus exposure in cats. sera of specific-pathogen-free cats inoculated with virulent or modified fipv or fecv were used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the homologous assays to a heterologous assay that measures antibody reactivity with ... | 1988 | 2851952 |
| virologic and immunologic aspects of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection. | a number of feline coronavirus isolates have been characterized over the last few years. these isolates consist of what we have referred to as feline enteric coronaviruses (fecvs) and feline infectious peritonitis viruses (fipvs). fecvs cause a transient enteritis in kittens but no systemic illness. fipvs, in contrast, cause a systemic and usually fatal disease syndrome characterized either by an exudative serositis or a disseminated granulomatous disease. although the diseases they cause are qu ... | 1987 | 2829567 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using canine coronavirus-infected crfk cells as antigen for detection of anti-coronavirus antibody in cat. | from the reasons that canine coronavirus (ccv) grows more efficiently than feline coronavirus in a cell culture and they are mutually related in their antigenicities, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using ccv-infected feline kidney (crfk) cells as substrate antigens was developed for detection of anti-coronavirus antibodies in cats. it was indispensable for generating coronavirus-specific elisa antibody activities that the sample was applied to the mock-infected, normal crfk cells i ... | 1989 | 2558837 |
| intrinsic resistance of feline peritoneal macrophages to coronavirus infection correlates with in vivo virulence. | cats infected with virulent feline coronavirus strains develop feline infectious peritonitis, an invariably fatal, immunologically mediated disease; avirulent strains cause either clinically inapparent infection or mild enteritis. four virulent coronavirus isolates and five avirulent isolates were assessed by immunofluorescence and virus titration for their ability to infect and replicate in feline peritoneal macrophages in vitro. the avirulent coronaviruses infected fewer macrophages, produced ... | 1989 | 2521188 |
| prevalence and implications of feline coronavirus infections of captive and free-ranging cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | the extent and progression of exposure to feline infectious peritonitis (fip) virus in the cheetah, acinonyx jubatus, was monitored by a world-wide serological survey with indirect fluorescent antibody titers to coronavirus. the indirect fluorescent antibody assay was validated by western blots, which showed that all indirect fluorescent antibody-positive cheetah sera detected both domestic cat and cheetah coronavirus structural proteins. there was a poor correlation between indirect fluorescent ... | 1990 | 2157864 |
| control of feline coronavirus infection in kittens. | | 1990 | 2155500 |
| differentiation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus from porcine respiratory coronavirus and other antigenically related coronaviruses by using cdna probes specific for the 5' region of the s glycoprotein gene. | two cdna clones prepared from the virulent miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were identified, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. the clones were nonoverlapping and located in the 5' region of the s glycoprotein gene. their nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were compared with published sequences of the attenuated purdue strain of tgev and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). tgev clone pe21 contained 381 bp of the s glycoprotein gene and h ... | 1991 | 1847152 |
| a conserved coronavirus epitope, critical in virus neutralization, mimicked by internal-image monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. | monoclonal antibody (mab) 6a.c3 neutralizes transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) and is specific for a conserved epitope within subsite ac of the spike (s) glycoprotein of tgev. six hybridomas secreting anti-idiotypic (ab2) mabs specific for mab 6a.c3 (ab1) have been selected. all six mabs inhibited the binding of ab1 to tgev and specifically cross-linked mab1-6a.c3. four of these hybridomas secreted gamma-type anti-idiotypic mabs. the other two ab2s (mabs 9a.g3 and 9c.e11) were reco ... | 1991 | 1719237 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against feline infectious peritonitis virus type ii and antigenic relationship between feline, porcine, and canine coronaviruses. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with neutralizing activity against feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strain 79-1149 (type ii) were prepared. when the polypeptide specificity recognized by these monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was investigated by western immunoblotting, all of the mabs reacted with peplomer glycoprotein (s) of the virus. by competitive binding assay these mabs were found to recognize at least 3 different epitopes. the reactivity of these mabs with 6 viruses classified as ... | 1991 | 1706593 |
| a comparison between immunofluorescence staining on smears from membrana nictitans (m3 test), immunohistopathology and routine pathology in cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | an indirect immunofluorescence method using smears from membrana nictitans (m3 test) to diagnose feline corona virus (fcv) infection was compared with immunohistopathology (using indirect immunofluorescence assay (iffa) performed on organs (ifo], and routine pathology (rp) in cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis (fip). a close correlation between the 2 immunofluorescence methods (ifo and m3) was observed. although the m3 test requires samples from only 1 organ per animal, both the s ... | 1991 | 1666490 |
| lack of antibodies to coronaviruses in a captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) population. | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) (n = 40) were tested by means of an immunofluorescent test (ift) for the presence of antibodies to the feline coronavirus group. all cheetahs tested negatively and this was further confirmed by virus serum neutralisation. | 1991 | 1663166 |
| characterization of crystals of an fab fragment of a murine monoclonal antibody. | the fab fragment of an antibody, made against an e2-specific feline infectious peritonitis virus neutralizing antibody, has been crystallized in a form suitable for x-ray diffraction analysis from peg 4000 using vapor diffusion methods. the fab fragment crystals diffract to about 2.9 a resolution and are of triclinic space group p1. unit cell dimensions, by which the reciprocal lattice can be indexed, are a = 57.16 a, b = 70.85 a, c = 75.81 a, alpha = 85.11 degrees, beta = 121.28 degrees and gam ... | 1991 | 1660922 |
| feline coronavirus antibodies in cats. | | 1992 | 1332248 |
| feline coronavirus antibodies in uk cats. | | 1992 | 1332241 |
| genomic organization and expression of the 3' end of the canine and feline enteric coronaviruses. | the genomic organization at the 3' end of canine coronavirus (ccv) and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) was determined by sequence analysis and compared to that of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. comparison of the latter two has previously revealed an extra open reading frame (orf) at the 3' end of the fipv genome, lacking in tgev, which is currently designated orf 6b. both ccv and fecv possess 6b-related orfs at the 3' ends of ... | 1992 | 1329312 |
| the prevalence of types i and ii feline coronavirus infections in cats. | the types of feline coronaviruses that are prevalent throughout japan were determined by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a monoclonal antibody (mab) to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) type ii and neutralizing test using type ii fipv as challenge virus. a total of 1,079 cat serum samples were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) assay for fipv type ii antigen, all 42 sample from natural cases of fip, 138 of 647 (21.3%) from cases with some chronic d ... | 1992 | 1322718 |
| humoral immune responses of cats to feline infectious peritonitis virus infection. | immunoperoxidase antibody (ipa) method as a titrating method of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) virus (fipv) was developed for titrating antibody to fipv (ipa-titer). by this method the immune responses of the cats that had been infected with fipv, were traced. the infected cats could be grouped into three types by their immune response to fipv and clinical appearances. type i cats lived for a long time, formed a major group among infected cats, had 160 to 1 x 10(4) ipa-titers, and showed he ... | 1992 | 1322714 |
| serologic survey and serum biochemical reference ranges of the free-ranging mountain lion (felis concolor) in california. | serum samples from 58 mountain lions (felis concolor) in california (usa) were collected between april 1987 and february 1990. nineteen serum samples were used for serum biochemistry determinations; the ranges were similar to reference values in domestic cats, captive exotic felidae and free-ranging mountain lions. a serological survey was conducted to determine whether antibodies were present against selected infectious agents. fifty-four (93%) of 58 sera had antibodies against feline panleukop ... | 1994 | 8028105 |
| a novel glycoprotein of feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus contains a kdel-like endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. | a new protein of feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus (fipv) was discovered in lysates of [35s]cysteine-labeled infected cells. expression of open reading frame (orf) 6b of fipv in recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells was used to identify it as the 6b protein. further characterization revealed that it is a novel type of viral glycoprotein whose function is not clear. it is a soluble protein contained in microsomes; its slow export from the cell is caused by the presence of an endoplasm ... | 1992 | 1321279 |
| antigenic and biological diversity of feline coronaviruses: feline infectious peritonitis and feline enteritis virus. | antigenically related feline coronaviruses cause two distinct disease manifestations in infected cats. the diseases are feline infectious peritonitis (fip), in which the virus is widely disseminated, and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv), a mild disease in which the virus is usually limited to the villi. these two viruses were found to differ in their growth in cell culture. fipv grows to higher titer, forms larger plaques and switches off host cell protein synthesis more effectively than fecv. ... | 1987 | 3619653 |
| inhibitory effects of recombinant feline interferon on the replication of feline enteropathogenic viruses in vitro. | antiviral activities of a recombinant feline interferon (rfeifn) kt-80 were evaluated against feline enteropathogenic viruses in feline and canine cell lines. sensitivity to antiviral activities of the rfeifn varied with cell types; felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells were more sensitive than crandell feline kidney cells, but no sensitivity was found for madin-darby canine kidney cells when vesicular stomatitis virus was used as a challenge virus. reductions were generally ifn dose-dependent ... | 1994 | 7515537 |
| a study of naturally occurring feline coronavirus infections in kittens. | feline coronavirus is a common infection in cats, as indicated by the high prevalence of antibodies against the virus, especially in multicat households. approximately 5 to 12 per cent of seropositive cats develop classical feline infectious peritonitis. a survey of kittens born into households of seropositive cats demonstrated the existence of healthy coronavirus carriers. seronegative animals did not appear to excrete virus. no specific antibody titre could be linked to carrier status and some ... | 1992 | 1313617 |
| pathogenicity studies of feline coronavirus isolates 79-1146 and 79-1683. | two feline coronavirus isolates were characterized by their disease-causing potential in cats. the 79-1683 feline coronavirus isolate caused an inapparent-to-mild enteritis when given oronasally to specific-pathogen-free kittens and was not a cause of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). target tissues for the virus were the mature apical epithelium of the small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, and (to a lesser extent) the lungs. inoculated kittens shed high numbers of virus i ... | 1984 | 6084432 |
| evaluation of a computer-assisted, kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of coronavirus antibodies in cats. | a computer-assisted, kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adapted for the detection of coronavirus antibodies in feline serum. an alkaline antigen diluent (carbonate-bicarbonate buffer, ph 9.6) used in initial experiments produced diffuse, nonspecific color reactions in both viral and control antigen cuvettes which were correlated, paradoxically, with coronavirus antibody levels in test sera. these interfering reactions were minimized by use of lower-ph antigen diluents such as w ... | 1983 | 6300184 |
| enhancement of fip in cats immunised with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing ccv and tgev spike glycoproteins. | | 1993 | 7516108 |
| lentivirus infection in an african lion: a clinical, pathologic and virologic study. | in may 1991, clinical, pathologic, and virologic investigations were carried out on an 8-yr-old male lion (panthera leo), with recurrent infections, in captivity with two lionesses in the zoological garden of pistoia, tuscany, italy. the lion had severe pneumonia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and an increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatininemia; in spite of therapy, it died within 3 months. at necropsy, the animal had a lymphoma and other lesions similar to those described in feline immuno ... | 1995 | 7563428 |
| the molecular genetics of feline coronaviruses: comparative sequence analysis of the orf7a/7b transcription unit of different biotypes. | feline coronaviruses (fcovs) have been subdivided into feline enteric coronaviruses (fecvs) and feline infectious peritonitis viruses (fipvs) on the basis of pathogenic properties. serologically, a distinction has been made between type i and ii fcovs, the latter of which more closely resemble canine coronavirus (ccv). to gain more insight into the genetic relationships between different fcov biotypes, we determined the nucleotide sequences of the orf7a/7b transcription unit of nine strains. the ... | 1995 | 7571432 |
| identification of antigenic sites mediating antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infectivity. | we have previously demonstrated antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) infection of macrophages using both virus-specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the spike (s) protein of fipv. to increase our understanding of this phenomenon, six representative mabs from a previously documented group of 12 enhancing mabs were used to identify epitopes that mediate antibody-dependent enhancement of fipv infectivity. analysis of the results of kinetics-ba ... | 1993 | 7682252 |
| localization of antigenic sites of the s glycoprotein of feline infectious peritonitis virus involved in neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement. | the s glycoprotein of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) has been shown to contain the antigenic sites responsible for eliciting both neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement. to determine the region of s responsible, overlapping dna fragments spanning the entire s gene were cloned and expressed as fusion proteins by in vitro transcription and translation. fusion proteins containing relevant epitopes were identified by radioimmunoprecipitation with neutralizing and enhancing fip ... | 1995 | 7707508 |
| plaque assay, polypeptide composition and immunochemistry of feline infectious peritonitis virus and feline enteric coronavirus isolates. | | 1984 | 6331106 |
| pathogenic differences between various feline coronavirus isolates. | | 1984 | 6331125 |
| enhancement and neutralization of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in feline macrophages by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes. | the interaction between the enhancing and neutralizing activities of three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (5-6-2, 6-4-2 and 7-4-1) to the spike protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strain 79-1146 was determined using feline macrophages. at a high mab concentration, all of the three mabs completely inhibited the fipv infection at 37 c. however, two of them (6-4-2 and 7-4-1) enhanced fipv infection when either the mab concentration or reaction temperature was lowered. these mabs als ... | 1993 | 7694052 |
| molecular cloning and sequence determination of the peplomer protein gene of feline infectious peritonitis virus type i. | cdna clones spanning the entire region of the peplomer (s) gene of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) type i strain ku-2 were obtained and their complete nucleotide sequences were determined. a long open reading frame (orf) encoding 1464 amino acid residues was found in the gene, which was 12 residues longer than the orf of the fipv type ii strain 79-1146. the sequences of fipv type i and mainly -tpv type ii were compared. the homologies at the n- (amino acid residues 1-693) and c- (resi ... | 1995 | 7733820 |
| enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus type i infection in cell cultures using low-speed centrifugation. | the effects of centrifugation on the ability of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) to infect cells in culture was investigated. the infectivity titer was the highest when the plates were centrifuged at 400 x g (1500 rpm) for 2 h. all five strains classified as fipv type i showed infectivity titers enhanced 10-100-fold by centrifugation at 400 x g for 2 h. the centrifugal enhancement of infection was obtained only by centrifugation immediately after inoculation of the virus, suggesting th ... | 1995 | 7738156 |
| biphasic immune responses of cats under controlled infection with a feline enteric coronavirus-79-1683 strain. | kittens inoculated orally with 10(2) pfu of feline enteric coronavirus developed no antibody to the virus despite the repeated challenges. however, they developed antibody for a long period with 5 x 10(3)-1.6 x 10(5) (mean 3 x 10(4)) and with 2.5 x 10(3)-2 x 10(4) (mean 6 x 10(3)) immunoperoxidase antibody titer when they were challenged with 10(5) and 10(3) pfu of virus following previous challenges, respectively. viremia was found when kittens were inoculated with 10(5) pfu of virus, but not w ... | 1995 | 8519920 |
| detection of feline coronavirus rna in feces, tissues, and body fluids of naturally infected cats by reverse transcriptase pcr. | a nested reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-npcr) was developed for the detection of feline coronavirus (fcov) rna in the feces, tissues, and body fluids of infected cats. the rt-npcr was targeted to the highly conserved 3'-untranslated region of the viral genome and will detect most, if not all, feline coronaviruses in the field. with the rt-npcr, fcov rna was detected in plasma samples from experimentally infected cats as early as 2 days postinoculation. fcov rna was also detected in serum, plasma, ... | 1995 | 7751377 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of the s protein gene from two geographically distinct strains of canine coronavirus. | the gene encoding the spike (s) protein from two geographically distinct strains (american and british) of canine coronavirus (ccv) was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence revealed open reading frames of 1443 or 1453 amino acids, respectively. structural features include an n-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, a hydrophilic cysteine-rich cluster near the c-terminus, two heptad repeats and 29 or 33 potential n-glycosylation sites. pairwise comparisons of s amino acid sequences from t ... | 1995 | 8607285 |
| risk of feline infectious peritonitis in cats naturally infected with feline coronavirus. | a longitudinal survey of 820 cats in 73 households was conducted over a period of 6 years to establish the fate of pet cats that were seropositive after natural exposure to feline coronavirus (fcov). in particular, their risk of developing feline infectious peritonitis (fip) was determined. the seropositive cats were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: cats from households in which fip had recently been diagnosed; cats from households in which fip had not been diagnosed, but from which kittens had been r ... | 1995 | 7785816 |
| [detection of feline coronavirus using rt-pcr: basis for the study of the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip)]. | the aim of this study was to further investigate the pathogenesis and epidemiology of feline coronavirus (fcov)-infections and among others to determine the prognostic value of a positive result in the rt-pcr for fcov in serum samples collected from cats with abdominal signs. viral rna was isolated from 100 microl of serum and subsequently amplified by a nested rt-pcr using primers binding to a highly conserved region of the 3'-end of the fcov-genome. sixty-three serum samples collected from 62 ... | 1996 | 8720731 |
| serological recognition of feline infectious peritonitis virus spike gene regions expressed as synthetic peptides and e. coli fusion protein. | cats exposed to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) or feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) cannot be differentiated by serological analysis. three synthetic peptides and an e. coli recombinant fusion protein generated from fipv 79-1146 spike gene sequence were produced. coronavirus positive cat sera reacted to peptide aa 950-990 but were non-reactive to aa137-151 and aa 150-180 peptides as demonstrated by elisa. amino acid sequence 97-222 expressed as a galk fusion protein in e. coli was te ... | 1995 | 7794112 |
| structure of an anti-idiotypic fab against feline peritonitis virus-neutralizing antibody and a comparison with the complexed fab. | the crystal structure of anti-idiotopic fab 409.5.3, made against an e2 specific feline infectious peritonitis virus-neutralizing antibody 730.1.4, has been determined in its free from, at 2.9 a resolution by molecular replacement. this antibody, used as an immmunogen, elicits the production of anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies that in turn neutralize the virus. the structure of the uncomplexed fab was refined using constrained-restrained least squares minimization and simulated annealing in combin ... | 1995 | 7821749 |
| protection of cats from infectious peritonitis by vaccination with a recombinant raccoon poxvirus expressing the nucleocapsid gene of feline infectious peritonitis virus. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is a coronavirus that induces an often fatal, systemic infection in cats. various vaccines designed to prevent fipv infection have been shown to exacerbate the disease, probably due to immune enhancement mediated by virus-specific immunoglobulins against the outer envelope (s) protein. an effective vaccine would be one that induces cell-mediated immunity without disease enhancing antibodies. in this report, we describe the use of a recombinant raccoon p ... | 1995 | 8830483 |
| the role of igg subclass of mouse monoclonal antibodies in antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection of feline macrophages. | antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) infection was studied in feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line u937 using mouse neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed to the spike protein of fipv. even among the mabs that have been shown to recognize the same antigenic site, igg 2a mabs enhanced fipv infection strongly, whereas igg 1 mabs did not. these igg 2a mabs enhanced the infection even when macrophages pretreated with the m ... | 1994 | 7832635 |
| detection of feline coronaviruses in cell cultures and in fresh and fixed feline tissues using polymerase chain reaction. | feline coronavirus infections in cell cultures and in fresh and fixed feline tissues were detected using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test. cell cultures were inoculated with feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) or sham inoculum. the tissue samples of liver, kidney and spleen were taken from specific-pathogen-free (spf) cats that were inoculated intranasally with 10(3) tcid50 of fipv 79-1146 (n = 10), fipv ucd1 (n = 3) or sham inoculum (n = 3), from ... | 1994 | 7839586 |
| further characterization of aminopeptidase-n as a receptor for coronaviruses. | we recently reported that porcine aminopeptidase-n (papn) acts as a receptor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). in the present work, we addressed the question of whether tgev tropism is determined only by the virus-receptor interaction. to this end, different non-permissive cell lines were transfected with the porcine apn cdna and tested for their susceptibility to tgev infection. the four transfected cell lines shown to express papn at their membrane became sensitive to infection. ... | 1993 | 7911642 |
| antiviral studies of feline infectious peritonitis virus in vitro. | sixteen compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the replication in vitro of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), a coronavirus that causes a lethal, immunologically mediated illness in domestic and exotic cats. six of the compounds, when incubated with cells and titrations of the virus, were found to reduce the virus titres by 0.401 to 0.833 log10 (p < 0.05), using the cytopathic effect as endpoint. further inhibition studies were performed to determine the 50 per cent effectiv ... | 1994 | 7992474 |
| coronavirus m proteins accumulate in the golgi complex beyond the site of virion budding. | the prevailing hypothesis is that the intracellular site of budding of coronaviruses is determined by the localization of its membrane protein m (previously called e1). we tested this by analyzing the site of budding of four different coronaviruses in relation to the intracellular localization of their m proteins. mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) grown in sac(-) cells, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) g ... | 1994 | 8083990 |
| feline coronavirus in the intestinal contents of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. | | 1996 | 8953694 |
| crystal structure of an idiotype-anti-idiotype fab complex. | anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 409.5.3 is raised against an antibody that neutralizes feline infectious peritonitis virus. this antibody, used as an immunogen, elicits the production of anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies that in turn neutralize the virus. the crystal structure of the complex between anti-idiotypic fab 409.5.3 and idiotypic fab fragment of virus-neutralizing antibody has been solved by molecular replacement using real-space patterson search and filtering by patterson correlation- ... | 1994 | 8127852 |
| genomic organization and expression of the 3' end of the canine and feline enteric coronaviruses. | the genomic organization at the 3' end of canine coronavirus (ccv) and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) was determined by sequence analysis and compared to that of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. comparison of the latter two has previously revealed an extra open reading frame (orf) at the 3' end of the fipv genome, lacking in tgev, now designated orf 6b. both ccv and fecv possess 6b-related orfs. the ccv orf 6b is colinear with ... | 1993 | 8209715 |
| sequence analysis of ccv and its relationship to fipv, tgev and prcv. | | 1993 | 8209747 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus: molecular characterization of the s gene using cdna probes and nucleotide sequence analysis. | two transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev, miller strain) cdna clones were identified and their nucleotide sequences determined. the clones were non-overlapping and were located in the 5' region of the s glycoprotein gene. the tgev clone pe21 contained 381 bp of the s glycoprotein gene and had > 98% nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology with the purdue (p115) strain of tgev and over 87% sequence homology with feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). the tgev clone, pd24, contained 2 ... | 1993 | 8209764 |
| detection of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in cell cultures and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of experimentally infected cats using a biotinylated cdna probe. | a dot blot hybridization assay, using a biotinylated cdna probe, was able to detect feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) rna in felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells infected with the fipv isolates df2, 79-1146, ucd1, and ucd2. the probe cross-hybridized in the dot blot assay with nucleic acid of a closely related feline coronavirus, feline enteric coronavirus (fevc)-79-1683. to construct the probe, a 2.5 kilobase cdna, prepared from fipv-df2 genomic rna, was molecularly cloned. the recom ... | 1993 | 8384740 |
| an extended outbreak of infectious peritonitis in a closed colony of european wildcats (felis silvestris). | feline infectious peritonitis is a multisystemic disease of domestic and exotic cats caused by a coronavirus. an outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis was investigated in a closed colony of european wildcats (felis silvestris) at a zoological garden. over a six-year period, a putative fading kitten syndrome occurred in six of 11 litters born and severe lesions of infectious peritonitis occurred in five of the eight wildcats retained in the colony during this period. lesions were more acute i ... | 1993 | 8386199 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the spike gene from several feline coronaviruses. | the dna sequence encoding the spike gene from the df2 strain of type ii feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), a temperature sensitive fipv virus (ts-df2) and an isolate of feline enteric coronavirus (fecv 1683) were determined. comparison of the published wsu 1146 and df2 fipv s genes showed that the viruses shared a high degree of homology (99.6%). likewise, the s gene of the virulent df2 fipv virus was closely conserved to that isolated from the vaccine virus strain, ts-df2 fipv. in cont ... | 1993 | 8209725 |
| evaluation of free or liposome-encapsulated ribavirin for antiviral therapy of experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis. | ribavirin, either free in aqueous solution or incorporated into liposomes, was evaluated in 50 specific-pathogen-free kittens after experimental challenge exposure with feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). ribavirin was administered daily for 10 to 14 days at 16.5 mg kg-1 bodyweight given per os, intramuscularly or intravenously beginning 18 hours after kittens were challenge-exposed with fipv. all kittens, including ribavirin-treated and untreated kittens, succumbed to fip. clinical sign ... | 1993 | 8235082 |
| a review of feline infectious peritonitis virus: molecular biology, immunopathogenesis, clinical aspects, and vaccination. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) has been an elusive and frustrating problem for veterinary practitioners and cat breeders for many years. over the last several years, reports have begun to elucidate aspects of the molecular biology of the causal virus (fipv). these papers complement a rapidly growing base of knowledge concerning the molecular organization and replication of coronaviruses in general. the fascinating immunopathogenesis of fipv infection and the virus' interaction with macropha ... | 1993 | 8236772 |
| preliminary crystallographic study of a complex between an fab of a monoclonal feline peritonitis virus neutralizing antibody and its anti-idiotypic fab. | a complex between an fab fragment of an e2 specific feline infectious peritonitis virus neutralizing antibody 730.1.4 and fab fragment from anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 409.5.3, was crystallized from ammonium sulfate using vapor diffusion methods. the complex crystals diffract to about 2.9 a resolution and are of orthorhombic space group p2(1)22(1) with a = 75.2 a, b = 80.6 a and c = 187.6 a. there are two fab molecules, or one idiotype-anti-idiotype complex, comprising the asymmetric unit ... | 1993 | 8254683 |
| morbidity, mortality and coronavirus antigen in previously coronavirus free kittens placed in two catteries with feline infectious peritonitis. | serologically coronavirus free kittens were placed in 2 catteries with a history of feline infectious peritonitis (fip), each cattery representing 1 of the 2 different predominant clinical characteristics of fip--effusive and granulomatous. the kittens were clinically observed for 100 days. a 100% morbidity and a 90% mortality was observed. the first signs were observed after 14 and 27 days respectively. the clinical pattern of the disease was similar in all kittens and showed a pattern of recur ... | 1993 | 8266899 |
| evaluation of antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infectivity using in situ hybridization. | infection of primary macrophages in vitro by feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) was used as a model system to study the kinetics of fc receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (fcr-ade) of virus infectivity at the single cell level. cells were examined for evidence of viral rna synthesis at various times points after infection, using 35s-labeled riboprobes and in situ hybridization. at each time point, infection of macrophages with fipv in the presence of enhancing antiserum was ... | 1993 | 8392136 |
| coronavirus infection in cats. | cats are susceptible to natural infection with several strains of feline coronavirus that may result in either effusive and noneffusive fip disease or in subclinical to severe enteritis. investigators are still unsure of the routes by which strains of coronavirus are transmitted between cats. excretion of coronavirus by infected cats into the environment occurs by way of feces, oronasal secretions, and, possibly, urine. fip coronavirus remains stable outside the host for as long as 3 to 7 weeks ... | 1993 | 8380655 |
| correlation of genomic detection of feline coronavirus with various diagnostic assays for feline infectious peritonitis. | | 1998 | 9526870 |
| seroprevalence of infectious disease agents in free-ranging florida panthers (felis concolor coryi). | serum samples obtained from 38 free-ranging florida panthers (felis concolor coryi) in southern florida, march 1978 through february 1991, were tested for antibodies against eight bacterial, parasitic, and viral disease agents. sera were positive for antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) (78%), feline calicivirus (56%), feline immunodeficiency virus/puma lentivirus (37%), feline enteric coronavirus/feline infectious peritonitis virus (19%), and toxoplasma gondii (9%). all samples w ... | 1993 | 8445789 |
| immunohistological demonstration of feline infectious peritonitis virus antigen in paraffin-embedded tissues using feline ascites or murine monoclonal antibodies. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) virus antigen was demonstrated after methanol, ethanol or formalin fixation in paraffin-embedded tissues by means of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. the monoclonal antibody was induced by immunization with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. polyclonal antibodies were obtained by purification on protein a-sepharose of ascites fluid from a cat with fip. almost all cats diagnosed as suffering from fip by postmortem and histological examination exhibited f ... | 1995 | 8588340 |
| parasite prevalence in free-ranging farm cats, felis silvestris catus. | no animals tested were positive for feline leukemia virus antigen and chlamydia psittaci antibodies, but all were positive for antibodies to feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1) and rotavirus. they had antibodies to feline parvovirus (96%), feline coronavirus (84% and cowpox virus (2%). antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was found in 53% of animals, which were less likely to be infected with haemobartonella felis, and had higher fhv antibody titres than cats without ... | 1996 | 8620914 |
| proficiency testing of selected antigen and antibody tests for use in dogs and cats. | to determine the correlation of seroimmunologic test results between reference and nonreference laboratories. | 1996 | 8790539 |
| an uncommon intestinal manifestation of feline infectious peritonitis: 26 cases (1986-1993). | to provide information on an uncommon intestinal manifestation of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | 1996 | 8800260 |
| a novel glycoprotein of feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus contains a kdel-like endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. | a new protein of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) was discovered in lysates of infected cells. expression of the gene encoding open reading frame (orf) 6b of fipv in recombinant vaccinia virus infected cells was used to identify it as the 6b protein. it is a novel type of viral glycoprotein whose function is not clear. it is a soluble protein contained in microsomes; its slow export from the cell is caused by the presence of an er-retention signal at the c-terminus. this amino acid ... | 1993 | 8209732 |
| development of a nested pcr assay for detection of feline infectious peritonitis virus in clinical specimens. | a diagnostic test for feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) infection based on a nested pcr (npcr) assay was developed and tested with fipv, feline enteric coronavirus (fecv), canine coronavirus (ccv), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and clinical fluid samples from cats with effusive feline infectious peritonitis (fip). the target sequence for the assay is in the s1 region of the peplomer protein e2 gene. a vaccine strain of fipv and two wild-type fipv strains tested positive ... | 1997 | 9041410 |
| attempted immunization of cats with feline infectious peritonitis virus propagated at reduced temperatures. | to protect cats by inoculating them intratracheally with feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), followed by a second inoculation with virus propagated at reduced temperatures. | 1997 | 9055969 |
| patterns of feline coronavirus infection and fecal shedding from cats in multiple-cat environments. | to determine, by use of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) test, patterns of fecal shedding of feline coronavirus among cats. | 1997 | 9143535 |
| risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis among cats in multiple-cat environments with endemic feline enteric coronavirus. | to determine what risk factors, other than genetic predisposition, contribute to the incidence of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) in private breeding catteries and animal shelters. | 1997 | 9143536 |
| antigenic and plaque variations of serotype ii feline infectious peritonitis coronaviruses. | three feline coronavirus (fcov) isolates kuk-h, m91-266, and m91-267 were examined to elucidate their biological and antigenic properties as well as disease potential in cats. immune stainings of virus-infected cells by using fcov type-specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that their antigenic specificity was serotype ii. however, antigenic variations among these serotype ii fcovs were detected by neutralization assay with hyperimmune antisera against fcovs and canine coronaviruses, and with ... | 1997 | 9152932 |
| persistence and evolution of feline coronavirus in a closed cat-breeding colony. | feline coronavirus (fcov) persistence and evolution were studied in a closed cat-breeding facility with an endemic serotype i fcov infection. viral rna was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the feces and/or plasma of 36 of 42 cats (86%) tested. of 5 cats, identified as fcov shedders during the initial survey, 4 had detectable viral rna in the feces when tested 111 days later. to determine whether this was due to continuous reinfection or to viral persistence ... | 1997 | 9268167 |
| placebo-controlled evaluation of a modified life virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis: safety and efficacy under field conditions. | a modified live virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis (fip) was evaluated in a double blind, placebo-controlled field trial in two high-risk populations. the vaccine was found to be safe and efficacious in one population of cats that had low antibody titre against feline coronavirus (fcov) at the time of vaccination. although clinically healthy at the time of vaccination, retrospectively some vaccinees that later came down with fip were found to be rt-pcr positive for fcov in plasm ... | 1997 | 9269053 |
| seroprevalence of bartonella henselae infection and correlation with disease status in cats in switzerland. | the prevalence of infection with bartonella henselae was investigated in cats from different areas of switzerland. serum samples of 728 cats were examined for antibodies to b. henselae by immunofluorescent antibody testing, and the results were analyzed with a view to a possible correlation between a positive titer and signalment, clinical signs, infection with feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline coronavirus (fcov), or feline spumavirus (fesfv), and the livi ... | 1997 | 9350752 |
| identification of residues critical for the human coronavirus 229e receptor function of human aminopeptidase n. | aminopeptidase n (apn) is the major cell surface receptor for group 1 coronaviruses. in this study, we have isolated and characterized a feline apn cdna and shown that the transfection of human embryonic kidney cells with this cdna renders them susceptible to infection with the feline coronavirus feline infectious peritonitis virus, the human coronavirus (hcv) 229e and the porcine coronavirus porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. by using chimeric apn genes, assembled from porcine and fel ... | 1997 | 9367365 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line u937 by serum of cats experimentally or naturally infected with feline coronavirus. | infection of the type ii feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strain 79-1146 to primary feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line u937 was enhanced by the sera of cats experimentally infected with the 79-1146 strain, but not those of cats infected with ku-2 or ucd-1 strain of type i fipv. the experiments using sera of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip) and of cats naturally infected with feline coronavirus (fcov) revealed that infection of the fipv 79-1146 strain ... | 1998 | 9492360 |
| feline infectious peritonitis viruses arise by mutation from endemic feline enteric coronaviruses. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strains from six cats and three different geographic areas were compared genetically with feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) isolates obtained from cats inhabiting the same environments. sequence comparisons were made from 1.2- to 8.9-kb segments on the 3' end of the genome. fecv/fipv pairs from the same catteries or shelters were 97.3-99.5% related but were genetically distinct from fipv and fecv strains obtained from cats living in geographically disti ... | 1998 | 9527924 |