| canine adenovirus type 2-induced immunity to two canine adenoviruses in pups with maternal antibody. | twenty-four beagle pups with high levels of maternal antibody to canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) were oronasally inoculated with cav-2 at 4 weeks of age. the cav-2 was isolated from pharyngeal swabs on postinoculation days 2 through 6. in spite of the infection, maternal antibody continued to decrease for 4 to 8 postinoculation weeks, and then homologous cav-2 neutralizing antibody and, to a lesser extent, cav-1 neutralizing antibody began to increase. when ... | 1975 | 168797 |
| persistence of protection after vaccination against infectious canine hepatitis virus (cav/1). | | 1976 | 189480 |
| isolation of chicken anaemia virus from broiler chickens. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection was demonstrated, by both serology and virus isolation, in 1- to 6-week-old broiler chickens originated from various parent flocks in hungary. total losses in the broiler flocks were estimated at 7 to 8% and about 25% of the chickens failed to reach target body mass by the 7th week of life. the clinical signs, postmortem lesions and histopathological changes of the affected chickens were similar to those of naturally occurring cav-induced infectious anaemia ... | 1992 | 1298167 |
| multiple enlargements in the right inverted terminal repeat of the dna of canine adenovirus type 2. | the manhattan strain of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav 2) was examined. restriction endonuclease analysis and blot hybridization experiments revealed the heterogeneity of the viral dna. at least 9 unequally expanded species of the viral genome have been recognized. this diversity is caused by different enlargements in the right inverted terminal repeat (itr) of the virus. the differences between the individual enlargements were shown to be the different multiples of 150 base pairs. relatedness of ... | 1992 | 1307439 |
| the nucleotide sequences of wild-type coxsackievirus a9 strains imply that an rgd motif in vp1 is functionally significant. | we have shown previously that, compared to other enteroviruses, the coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) prototype strain, griggs, contains a c-terminal extension to the capsid protein vp1 and that within this extension there is an rgd (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif. to determine whether these features are found in other cav-9 strains and therefore analyse whether they are likely to be functionally important, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the appropriate region from five strains, is ... | 1992 | 1312121 |
| the possible role of coxsackie a and echo viruses in the pathogenesis of type i diabetes mellitus studied by igm analysis. | igm antibodies to coxsackie b virus (cbv) have recently been observed in the serum of a relatively high proportion of children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). in the present study, 108 iddm patients below the age of 15 years, diagnosed during the period 1976 to 1985, were investigated at the onset of their disease by mu-antibody-capture radioimmunoassay (ria) of igm against seven different enterovirus antigens, namely virions of cbv serotypes 1-5 (cbv 1-5) and pr ... | 1992 | 1312561 |
| detection and differentiation of chicken anemia virus isolates by using the polymerase chain reaction. | complementary oligonucleotide primers which flank a 675-bp dna fragment encompassing part of the putative gene for the capsid protein of chicken anemia virus (cav) were used for the enzymatic amplification of cav dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). application of a dot blot hybridization assay by using a 32p-labeled cloned cav dna probe allowed pcr product amplified from as little as 0.1 fg of the target dna sequence to be detected. when it was used for pcr amplification, dna extracted f ... | 1992 | 1321165 |
| chicken anemia virus causes apoptosis of thymocytes after in vivo infection and of cell lines after in vitro infection. | after infection of 1-day-old chickens, chicken anemia virus (cav) causes a complete depletion of the thymic cortex by day 14. since cell death can be caused either by necrosis or by apoptosis, we investigated which type of cell death occurs after in vivo and in vitro infections with cav. using electron microscopy and biochemical methods, we demonstrated that cav induces apoptosis of cortical thymocytes after in vivo infection and of lymphoblastoid cell lines after in vitro infection. at day 13 a ... | 1992 | 1331529 |
| development and comparison of serologic methods for diagnosing chicken anemia virus infection. | this paper describes the development of an indirect immunoperoxidase assay (iip) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting antibodies to chicken anemia virus (vac). the iip assay developed used cav-infected mdcc-msb1 cells for detecting antibody to cav, whereas the elisa utilized gradient-purified immunoadsorbed cav as the target antigen. the iip and elisa were compared with the standard indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) assay, which is more conventionally u ... | 1992 | 1417604 |
| detection of chicken anaemia agent dna sequences by the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for detection of chicken anaemia agent (caa) dna. the assay used a single set of 20-base primers complementary to sequences located in the coding regions of the caa replicative form (rf) dna genome at positions 485 to 504 and 1048 to 1067. the observed amplification product had the expected size of 583 bp and was confirmed to derive from caa rf dna by a unique hind iii restriction enzyme cleavage pattern. the amplified fragment was shown to b ... | 1992 | 1456891 |
| [an outbreak of infectious chicken anemia in fattening chickens in switzerland]. | an outbreak of infectious anaemia in 46 broiler flocks due to chicken anaemia agent (caa) is described. the vertically acquired infection led to increased mortality (3.6-19.8%) in 16 to 24 day-old broiler chickens. at necropsy severe atrophy of thymus and anaemia with pale bone marrow was observed. the histologic findings were depletion of cortical thymocytes and of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. the caa was isolated from 15 of 35 examined broiler flocks. | 1992 | 1470902 |
| polymerase chain reaction amplification for direct detection of chicken anemia virus dna in tissues and sera. | direct detection of chicken anemia virus (cav) dna in tissues and sera was investigated by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. using a pair of primers constructed to amplify the coding sequence of the cav dna genome, the pcr assay was shown to be extremely sensitive, being able to detect 1 fg of cav replicative form dna. the oligonucleotide primers used for the pcr yielded 583 base-pair (bp) amplified product, which was sized by ethidium bromide-agarose gel electrophoresis. tissue samples f ... | 1992 | 1485846 |
| transcription of the chicken anemia virus (cav) genome and synthesis of its 52-kda protein. | this paper describes the expression of the chicken anemia virus (cav) genome, a recently characterized single-stranded circular-dna virus of a new type [noteborn et al., j. virol. 65 (1991) 3131-3139]. the major transcript from the cav genome is an unspliced mrna of about 2100 nucleotides (nt). its transcription start point and poly(a)-addition site are located at nt 354 and 2317 of the cav sequence, respectively. in vitro translation experiments provide evidence that the major cav open reading ... | 1992 | 1511899 |
| characterization of viral dnas from cells infected with chicken anaemia agent: sequence analysis of the cloned replicative form and transfection capabilities of cloned genome fragments. | the viral dnas induced by the unclassified animal virus, chicken anaemia agent (caa), during replication in mdcc-msb 1 cells have been investigated. analyses after s1 nuclease, restriction endonuclease and denaturation treatments indicated that infected cell extracts contained genome-size, single-stranded dna (m(r) 2.3 kb), closed and open circular, double-stranded replicative form (rf) dnas (m(r) 2.3 kbp) and a population of smaller double-stranded dnas (m(r) 0.8 kbp). recombinant plasmids cont ... | 1992 | 1605740 |
| susceptibility of thymocytes for infection by chicken anemia virus is related to pre- and posthatching development. | to investigate the age-dependent mechanism of susceptibility for chicken anemia virus (cav) infection, we inoculated embryos and chickens of ages between day 9 of embryonic development and day 28 after hatching with cav. chicken embryos inoculated at days 9 and 11 of development showed no cav-infected cells in the thymus, nor in other lymphoid organs. many cav-infected cells were detected in the thymic cortex of all chicken embryos inoculated at days 13 and 16 of development and of all chickens ... | 1992 | 1643417 |
| isolation and identification of chicken infectious anemia virus in brazil. | seven chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) isolates were obtained from seven broiler flocks with poor performance in two states of brazil. all isolates induced thymus atrophy, bone-marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old susceptible chicks. the ciav isolates were resistant to treatment with chloroform and were able to pass through 50-nm-pore-size filters. ciav-specific antigens could be demonstrated in tissues of experimentally infected chicks using a monoclona ... | 1991 | 1786012 |
| characterization of proteins of chicken infectious anemia virus with monoclonal antibodies. | eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) were developed. these mabs identified three isolates adapted to grow in the marek's disease chicken cell line msb1 (cux-1, ga-1, and conn-b) and the chicken-propagated cia-1 isolate. all mabs stained msb1 in the same way with mostly perinuclear staining, although larger nuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic staining were also detected. none of the mabs neutralized cux-1. all mabs reacted in a direct enzyme-linked immu ... | 1991 | 1786015 |
| direct binding of protein a, protein g, and anti-igg conjugates to chicken infectious anemia virus. | recombinant protein a, recombinant protein g, and anti-chicken-igg anti-bodies raised in rabbits, goats, or horses were found to bind directly to chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav). msb-1 cells infected with the cux-1 strain of chicken anemia agent, but not to uninfected msb-1 cells were found to react with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates. in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rabbit anti-chicken horseradish peroxidase conjugate bound directly to cia-1 ciav-coated plates. in additio ... | 1991 | 1827577 |
| biological characterisation of australian isolates of chicken anaemia agent. | three australian isolates of chicken anaemia agent (caa) resisted treatment at 70 degrees c for 5 min and chloroform treatment. although minor antigenic differences were detected using monoclonal antibodies to caa, the australian isolates were indistinguishable from the reference cux-1 and gifu-1 isolates in cross-immunofluorescence and cross-neutralisation tests employing polyclonal chicken antiserums. the australian viruses were pathogenic for intramuscularly inoculated 1-day-old spf chicks, b ... | 1991 | 1832278 |
| characterization of cloned chicken anemia virus dna that contains all elements for the infectious replication cycle. | circular double-stranded replication intermediates were identified in low-molecular-weight dna of cells of the avian leukemia virus-induced lymphoblastoid cell line 1104-x-5 infected with chicken anemia virus (cav). to characterize the genome of cav, we cloned linearized cav dna into the vector pic20h. transfection of the circularized cloned insert into chicken cell lines caused a cytopathogenic effect, which was arrested when a chicken serum with neutralizing antibodies directed against cav was ... | 1991 | 1851873 |
| rgd-dependent entry of coxsackievirus a9 into host cells and its bypass after cleavage of vp1 protein by intestinal proteases. | the recently reported nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) showed that unlike other enteroviruses, cav-9 has an insertion of about 17 amino acids at the c-terminal end of vp1 (k. h. chang, p. auvinen, t. hyypiä, and g. stanway, j. gen. virol. 70:3269-3280, 1989). this sequence includes the rgd (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif which is known to be important in certain protein-protein interactions. we studied the inhibitory effect of rgd-containing peptides in the attachment of c ... | 1991 | 1870199 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the genome of chicken anaemia agent. | the replicative form (rf) dna of chicken anaemia agent (caa) was isolated and cloned into bacterial plasmids. after religation of the cloned caa dna and transfection into mdcc-msb1 cells, the dna could induce c.p.e. characteristic of that caused by caa, and an antigen was produced which gave positive immunofluorescence when detected with an anti-caa serum. sanger sequencing of the 2298 bp genome revealed several open reading frames (orfs); the major orf encoded a polypeptide of 51.8k. in sds-pag ... | 1991 | 1908516 |
| comparison of three animal viruses with circular single-stranded dna genomes. | no common antigenic determinants and no dna sequence homologies were detected when three animal viruses, chicken anaemia agent (caa), porcine circovirus (pcv), and psittacine beak and feather disease virus (pbfdv), all of which possess circular single-stranded dna genomes, were compared. negative contrast electron microscopy showed that pcv and pbfdv particles were 30% smaller than caa particles and lacked the surface structure of caa. | 1991 | 2006901 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of chicken anaemia agent. | chicken anaemia agent (caa) was purified using differential centrifugation and successive cycles of equilibrium density gradient centrifugation using sucrose and cscl. the purification method was dependent on the use of an antigen-detecting elisa based on a caa-specific monoclonal antibody. virus particles banded at a density of 1.33 to 1.34 g/ml in cscl and measured 23.5 +/- 0.8 nm in diameter. purified preparations contained one major polypeptide (mr 50,000) and a single-stranded, circular dna ... | 1990 | 2109040 |
| the nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus a9; implications for receptor binding and enterovirus classification. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) has been determined from cdna cloned in escherichia coli. excluding the 3' poly(a) stretch, the rna genome is 7452 nucleotides long and encodes a single polyprotein of 2201 amino acids. comparison of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences with those of the coxsackieviruses b1, b3 and b4 reveals a surprising degree of homology, with overall amino acid homologies of 86.9%, 86.2% and 87.0%, respectively. in contr ... | 1989 | 2558158 |
| transient depletion of cortical thymocytes induced by chicken anaemia agent. | chicken anaemia agent (caa) causes severe anaemia, loss of body weight, and hypoplasia of thymus at day 14 after inoculation of one-day-old chickens. several reports have described an enhancement of concurrent infections with f.e. marek's disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and reovirus. immunohistochemical methods were used to describe the immunopathological lesions of the thymus that probably form the basis of the immunodeficiency caused by caa. monoclonal antibodies and antisera a ... | 1989 | 2560270 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus a21. | we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus a21 (cav-21), the first member of this enterovirus subgroup to be analysed in molecular detail. the sequence, which is 7401 nucleotides long, encodes an open reading frame of 2206 codons, preceded by a 5' non-coding region of 711 nucleotides and followed by a 3' non-coding region of 72 nucleotides plus a poly(a) tract. the most striking feature is the remarkable homology to the poliovirus (greater than 90% at the amino acid le ... | 1989 | 2584950 |
| morphological characterization of chicken anaemia agent (caa). | chicken anaemia agent (caa) was characterized as a virion with 25 nm in diameter, with a buoyant density in cscl of 1.36-1.37 g/cm3, and containing a circular, single-stranded dna genome. the virus is composed of 32 hollow morphological units representing a regular t = 3 icosahedron. | 1989 | 2610594 |
| unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity of indirect immunofluorescence tests for the presence or absence of antibodies to chicken anaemia agent (caa) in sera of spf and broiler breeder chickens. | | 1988 | 2973713 |
| [intracellular changes induced by the canine infectious laryngotracheitis virus (cav-2)]. | canine infectious laryngotracheitis virus, an adenovirus designated cav-2, induces numerous changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of canine kidney cells (mdck). the following features could be observed on ultrathin sections examined in the electron microscope: a shift of the nucleolus towards the nuclear membrane and a compression of the latter by the virus particles; the release of virions into the cytoplasm following the tearing or evagination of the nuclear membrane; the attachment of virus pa ... | 1985 | 3004018 |
| multiple reiteration of a 40-bp nucleotide sequence in the inverted terminal repeat of the genome of a canine adenovirus. | the dna of a vaccine strain of canine adenovirus type 1 [ichv vaccine; connaught laboratories, ltd.; cav-1(cll)] has been cloned in plasmid pat153 in the form of subgenomic bamhi digestion fragments. analysis of the nucleotide sequences of cloned terminal fragments has revealed an inverted terminal repeat (itr) with a minimum length of 198 nucleotides, including a tandem reiteration of the 40-bp nucleotide sequence from positions 14 to 53. the itrs had the 5'-catcatcaat ... sequence typical of a ... | 1987 | 3037784 |
| serum antibody response to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus-1, and canine distemper virus in dogs with known status of immunization: study of dogs in sweden. | serum antibody titers to canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus-1 (cav-1), and canine distemper virus (cdv) were measured in dogs with known immunization status. the dogs represented 3 groups: nonvaccinated dogs less than 12 months old; vaccinated dogs less than 12 months old; and adult dogs greater than 12 months old. for practical reasons, the population from which the specimens were obtained could be considered as free from natural infection with cav-1 and cdv. in nonvaccinated dogs less ... | 1988 | 3223653 |
| monoclonal antibodies to canine adenoviruses 1 and 2 that are type-specific by virus neutralization and immunofluorescence. | monoclonal antibodies were produced against the mirandola strain of canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) and the manhattan strain of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2). the monoclonal antibodies were used in vitro in virus neutralization (vn) assays and in indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests to examine several strains of each virus type. out of 36 monoclonal antibodies produced against the mirandola strain, 18 were type-specific for cav-1 by ifa and 13 of those neutralized the virus in vitro. th ... | 1988 | 3281371 |
| oral administration of an attenuated strain of canine adenovirus (type 2) to raccoons, foxes, skunk, and mongoose. | an attenuated strain of canine adenovirus type-2 (cav-2) was administered orally to 2 foxes (vulpes fulva), 6 raccoons (procyon lotor), a skunk (mephitis mephitis), and a mongoose (herpestus auropunctatus). blood was collected weekly from the animals to monitor cav-2 virus-neutralizing antibody titers. all animals had increases in titers. sera from 8 foxes, 30 mongooses, 52 raccoons, and 22 skunks trapped in the field had naturally occurring antibody to cav-2. | 1988 | 3348527 |
| should the criteria for species distinction in adenoviruses be reconsidered? evidence from canine adenoviruses 1 and 2. | four strains of canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) and two strains of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) were examined by restriction enzyme analysis. in all cases, cav-1 could be readily differentiated from cav-2. additionally, monoclonal antibodies were prepared against the mirandola and manhattan strains of cav-1 and cav-2, respectively. 18 of 36 monoclonal antibodies from the cav-1 fusion and 77 of 160 monoclonal antibodies from the cav-2 fusion were type-specific by an indirect fluorescent-anti ... | 1985 | 3884549 |
| genotypic characterization of type-2 variants of canine adenovirus. | two canine adenovirus (cav) isolates, apparently distinct from type-1 (utrecht) and type-2 (toronto a26/61) reference strains in their biochemical and/or immunologic properties, were submitted to dna-restriction endonuclease analysis. both isolates, designated iaf-81-2116 and iaf-75-95, appeared as genotypic variants of cav-2. isolate iaf-81-2116 was recovered from the intestine of a young pup with diarrheal disease. seemingly, relatively small changes in the original cav-2 dna sequence allowed ... | 1986 | 3963563 |
| some properties of a crystalline-array virus (cav) isolated from the grasshopper melanoplus bivattatus (say) (orthoptera: acrididae). | | 1970 | 5435796 |
| biological and morphological aspects of the growth of equine abortion virus. | darlington, r. w. (st. jude children's research hospital, memphis, tenn.), and c. james. biological and morphological aspects of the growth of equine abortion virus. j. bacteriol. 92:250-257. 1966.-the growth of equine abortion virus (eav) was studied by bioassay and electron microscopy in l-cell monolayer and suspension cultures, and in hela and bhk 21/13 cell monolayers. results of virus assay (plaque-forming units) indicated that production of cell-associated virus (cav) began at 6 to 9 hr af ... | 1966 | 5941279 |
| canine adenovirus-induced ocular lesions in the afghan hound. | a series of referred cases of cav-1-induced ocular disease suggested increased susceptibility of the afghan hound. of a litter of afghan hound puppies inoculated with a commercial vaccine containing attenuated cav-1, three developed corneal edema and the litter as a whole showed marked febrile and serological responses to the virus. under experimental conditions afghan hounds inoculated with cav-1 at two levels of attenuation showed more profound clinical responses than beagles receiving similar ... | 1981 | 6262015 |
| canine viruses and multiple sclerosis. | serum and cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis (ms) patients and control subjects were tested and compared for presence and titer of neutralizing antibody against the most common canine viruses. canine viruses included canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus 1 (cav-1), canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine herpesvirus (chv), canine coronavirus (ccv), and canine parvovirus (cpv). neutralizing titers against measles virus (mv) and human adenovirus 8 (ha8) were also tested. signi ... | 1981 | 6267515 |
| possible role of genetic cell variants in the viral induction of mouse mammary tumors. | out of three attempts to induce neoplasia in normal c57bl mammary epithelial cells with the mouse mammary tumor virus (mumtv) only one presented signs of tumorigenicity. immunofluorescence showed that virus synthesis took place in all three sublines but tumorigenicity as detected by cell aggregation viability (cav) and transplantation into syngeneic mice failed to occur in two of them. by comparison, cells from a balb/c spontaneous mammary tumor that do not express mumtv were 100% tumorigenic, w ... | 1981 | 6271665 |
| immunity to canine adenovirus respiratory disease: a comparison of attenuated cav-1 and cav-2 vaccines. | four litters of puppies were divided into three groups. one group was vaccinated with a live cav-1 vaccine and another with a live cav-2 vaccine. throat swabs were collected from two dogs in each of these groups to monitor the possible excretion of vaccine virus, but none was found. both groups, together with the third group of unvaccinated controls, were challenged 17 days later with an aerosol of virulent cav-2. one dog from each group was killed on the third, fourth, seventh, ninth, 11th and ... | 1982 | 6280370 |
| dual adenovirus and distemper virus pneumonia in a dog. | a case of simultaneous infection of the lungs of a dog with canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus (cav) is described. the techniques employed are histological stains, immunoperoxidase technique, and transmission electron microscopy. two viruses are shown to infect the same cells. the significance of dual infection of the same cells is discussed in comparison with literature data on in vitro experiments. | 1982 | 6287699 |
| serologic survey for canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis in wolves in alaska. | sera from 57 wolves (canis lupus) in three areas of alaska were evaluated for evidence of previous exposure to infectious canine hepatitis virus (ichv) and canine distemper virus (cdv). fifty-four sera (94.7%) were positive for ichv exposure and four (7%) were positive for cdv exposure. all four cdv-reacting wolves also had titres to ichv. the relatively common occurrence of ichv exposure may be due to the greater resistance of ichv to chemical and physical agents and its transmissibility via th ... | 1982 | 6296469 |
| the 'blue eye' phenomenon. | diffuse clouding of the cornea ('corneal oedema', 'blue eye') of sudden onset and usually transient duration and with accompanying anterior uveitis, may be attributable to natural infection with canine adenovirus type 1 (ca-1) or to vaccination with live modified virus. it is now recognised that kerato-uveitis is a manifestation of type iii hypersensitivity in which immune complex formation resulting from the release of virus, especially from infected corneal endothelial cells, brings about corn ... | 1983 | 6304988 |
| immunity to canine adenovirus respiratory disease: effect of vaccination with an inactivated vaccine. | nine puppies without maternal antibody to canine adenovirus (cav) were divided into two groups. the first consisted of six puppies, each of which was given two doses of a commercial inactivated cav-1 vaccine, 14 days apart. eight days after administration of the second dose of vaccine, all six puppies, together with the second group, consisting of three unvaccinated controls, were challenged with an aerosol of virulent cav-2. one dog from each group was killed on the third, fifth and 10th days a ... | 1983 | 6318419 |
| interspecific differences between the dna restriction profiles of canine adenoviruses. | identification of canine adenovirus-1 ( cav -1) and canine adenovirus-2 ( cav -2) strains was done by electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease-fragmented viral dna. results obtained with this sensitive and reproducible technique clearly show that cav -2 is not a variant of cav -1 but a distinct virus. | 1984 | 6327360 |
| a modified live canine parvovirus vaccine. ii. immune response. | the safety and efficacy of an attenuated canine parvovirus (a-cpv) vaccine was evaluated in both experimental and in field dogs. after parenteral vaccination, seronegative dogs developed hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titers as early as postvaccination (pv) day 2. maximal titers occurred within 1 week. immunity was associated with the persistence of hi antibody titers (titers greater than 80) that endured at least 2 years. immune dogs challenged with virulent cpv did not shed virus in ... | 1983 | 6337780 |
| physical and biological properties of nairobi sheep disease virus. | thermal and ph stability of nairobi sheep disease (nsd) virus were studied. the 180th mouse brain passage lost infectivity at a higher rate than "wild" virus at 4 degrees c. at 37 degrees c and neutral ph, "wild" virus again was more stable than cell culture and mouse brain attenuated strains with half-life periods of 104, 87 and 51 min, respectively. at 0 degrees c the cell culture attenuated virus was most stable at ph 7.4 with an estimated half-life of 164 h. the density of the virus in sucro ... | 1983 | 6659312 |
| apoptin, a protein encoded by chicken anemia virus, induces cell death in various human hematologic malignant cells in vitro. | apoptin, a small protein encoded by chicken anemia virus (cav) was expressed in various human hematologic malignant cell lines derived from leukemias and lymphoma. three of these cell lines contain bcl-2 or bcr-abl proteins, known to block apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic compounds. by immunofluorescence and propidium-iodide staining apoptin was shown to induce apoptosis in all analysed cell lines. early after expression, apoptin exhibited a fine-granular distribution in the still intact nu ... | 1995 | 7475302 |
| immunogenic and protective properties of chicken anaemia virus proteins expressed by baculovirus. | the coding information for three putative chicken anaemia virus proteins (vp1, vp2, vp3) was inserted into a baculovirus vector and expressed in insect cells. the immunogenic properties of the chicken anaemia virus (cav) proteins produced separately or together in insect-cell cultures were analysed by inoculating them into chickens. only lysates of insect cells which have synthesised equivalent amounts of all three recombinant cav proteins or cells which synthesised mainly vp1 plus vp2 induced n ... | 1995 | 7483793 |
| the coxsackievirus a9 rgd motif is not essential for virus viability. | an rgd (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif in coxsackievirus a9 has been implicated in internalization through an interaction with the integrin alpha v beta 3. we have produced a number of virus mutants, lacking the motif, which have a small-plaque phenotype in llc-mk2 and a-vero cells and are phenotypically normal in rd cells. substitution of flanking amino acids also affected plaque size. the results suggest that interaction between the rgd motif and alpha v beta 3 is not critical for virus ... | 1995 | 7494317 |
| entry of coxsackievirus a9 into host cells: specific interactions with alpha v beta 3 integrin, the vitronectin receptor. | attachment and entry of coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) to gmk cells were previously shown to be dependent on an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) motif in the capsid protein vp1, suggesting integrins as candidate receptors for the virus. we have pursued the matter further and show that antibodies specific for the alpha v and/or beta 3 integrin subunits protect gmk cells from cav-9 infection. affinity purification of radioiodinated cell surface proteins using cav-9 or virus-specific peptide (rrrgdl ... | 1994 | 7519807 |
| influence of subclinical virus infections and other factors on broiler flock performance. | 1. the influence of subclinical infections with infectious bursal disease virus, adenoviruses, reo viruses and chicken anaemia virus and of various production variables on broiler flock performance was investigated. 2. a significant effect could not be demonstrated of any of the viral infections either alone or in combination. 3. the production results were profoundly influenced by several other factors, that is, breed, diet, stock density and contents of whole wheat grain in the food. 4. the in ... | 1995 | 7583376 |
| gene organization of chicken anemia virus. | the genomic dna of chicken anemia virus (cav) was cloned and sequenced from a japanese isolate caa82-2. the nucleotide sequence of caa82-2 isolate was 98% identical with that of the european cuxhaven-1 strain (noteborn et al., j. virol. 65, 3131-3139, 1991). nine open reading frames (orfs) consisting of more than 100 nucleotides were found, i.e., four orfs (ca1-ca4) on the plus strand and five orfs (ca1r-ca5r) on the minus strand. these orfs with the exception of ca4 are conserved between the tw ... | 1995 | 7778281 |
| immunosuppression and intracellular calcium signaling in splenocytes from chicks infected with chicken anemia virus, cl-1 isolate. | hematocrits, histopathology, concanavalin a-induced lymphocyte proliferation, intracellular calcium signaling, and lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed over a 6-week period in individual chicks inoculated with the cl-1 isolate of chicken anemia virus. lymphoid depletion/atrophy was present in the thymus and bone marrow by 11 days post-infection (pi). anemia was present at 14 days pi. the mean lymphocyte proliferation stimulation index (si) of the inoculated group was significantly lower than ... | 1995 | 7794172 |
| identification of the promoter region of chicken anemia virus (cav) containing a novel enhancer-like element. | the single promoter region in the cloned genome [noteborn et al., j. virol. 65 (1991) 3131-3139] of chicken anemia virus (cav) in chicken t-cells was analysed via cat assays. a unique region containing four or five near-perfect direct repeats (dr) of 21 bp with one 12-bp insert was proven to be the main transcription-activation element, with enhancer-like characteristics. pcr studies revealed that cav isolates from across the world all contained this promoter sequence. electrophoretic mobility-s ... | 1994 | 7821798 |
| apoptin, a protein derived from chicken anemia virus, induces p53-independent apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. | previously, we have shown that the chicken anemia virus-derived vp3 ("apoptin") protein induces apoptosis in chicken mononuclear cells. here, we report that apoptin also induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells, regardless of whether they expressed wild-type, mutant p53, or no p53 at all. moreover, the nuclear location of apoptin appears to be important for its optimal induction of apoptosis. the fact that apoptin can induce p53-independent apoptosis in human tumor cells makes apoptin a pot ... | 1995 | 7834613 |
| circoviridae: new viruses of pigs, parrots and chickens. | | 1994 | 7848189 |
| some biological and physico-chemical properties of porcine circovirus. | some important biological and physico-chemical characteristics of porcine circovirus are reported. these include a study on the host distribution in nature, levels of colostrum-derived antibodies in piglets from sero-positive sows and the susceptibility of a range of cell cultures to infection with this virus. the results of haemagglutination studies, resistance to ph 3, chloroform and heat are also reported as are comparative buoyant densities and sedimentation coefficients of porcine circoviru ... | 1994 | 7941842 |
| transmission of chicken anaemia virus with semen. | | 1993 | 8116161 |
| characterization of surface markers present on cells infected by chicken anemia virus in experimentally infected chickens. | specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected with chicken anemia virus (cav) at 1 day of age and killed after 6 days. using a double-antibody staining procedure, spleen, thymus, and bone-marrow cells containing cav antigen were stained for presence of t-cell antigens and chicken major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class 1 and 2 antigens. the results demonstrated cav infection of precursor t-cells in the thymus and of mature t-lymphocytes in the spleen. a significant proportion of the cells i ... | 1993 | 8141753 |
| transcriptional analysis and genome expression of chicken anaemia virus. | strand-specific riboprobes representative of either strand of the chicken anaemia virus (cav) replicative form (rf) dna indicated that only one strand of the rf was transcribed to produce a major 2.0 kb transcript and that the encapsidated dna strand was of negative sense. primer extension analysis located a single transcriptional start site at nucleotide position 360 of the cav sequence. amplification, cloning and sequencing of the 3' end of the major transcript revealed the polyadenylation sit ... | 1994 | 8151304 |
| serologic survey of giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca), and domestic dogs and cats in the wolong reserve, china. | sera from captive and recently rescued giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the wolong reserve, china, were examined by serum neutralization or hemagglutination inhibition for antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine coronavirus (ccv), canine herpesvirus (chv), pseudorabies virus (prv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav), and canine parvovirus (cpv). serum samples from village domestic dogs and cats, which run free throughout the reserve also were examined. antibodies against cpv were ... | 1994 | 8151830 |
| [immunopathogenesis of virus diseases of cats and dogs]. | immunopathological reactions may determine the pathogenesis of some viral infections of cats and dogs. three pathomechanisms may aggravate the viral disease or may ultimately cause death. some viruses cause transient or persistent immunosuppression (feline immunodeficiency, feline leukemia, feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus-2, canine distemper virus). in other viral infections cells and tissues are destroyed as a sequela of cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions (demyelinating encephal ... | 1994 | 8165663 |
| cloning and sequencing of the chicken anaemia virus (cav) orf-3 gene, and the development of an elisa for the detection of serum antibody to cav. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is a small, unclassified virus involved in anaemia and suspected of causing immunosuppression in young chickens. we have developed an elisa for the detection of serum antibody to cav based on cloned antigen. the gene for orf-3 (the putative capsid protein) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in a bacterial expression system, pgex. an orf-3 fusion protein was used to produce an indirect elisa. | 1994 | 8203122 |
| chicken anaemia agent in south africa. | | 1993 | 8236695 |
| a single chicken anemia virus protein induces apoptosis. | chicken anemia virus (cav) causes cytopathogenic effects in chicken thymocytes and cultured transformed mononuclear cells via apoptosis. early after infection of chicken mononuclear cells, the cav-encoded protein vp3 exhibits a finely granular distribution within the nucleus. at a later stage after infection, vp3 forms aggregates. at this point, the cell becomes apoptotic and the cellular dna is fragmented and condensed. by immunogold electron microscopy vp3 was shown to be associated with apopt ... | 1994 | 8254747 |
| chicken anaemia virus influences the pathogenesis of marek's disease in experimental infections, depending on the dose of marek's disease virus. | eight groups of 1-day-old chickens were inoculated with 0, 250, 5000, or 100,000 white blood cells of chickens infected with marek's disease virus strain k (mdv-wbc). four of these groups were additionally infected with 10(5) tcid50 chicken anaemia virus (cav). at day 14 after inoculation, chickens infected with cav had reduced haematocrit levels, reduced body weights, and depletion of the thymic cortex and bone marrow. semi-quantitative immunohistochemical examination of nerves and visceral org ... | 1993 | 8266627 |
| inactivation of chicken anaemia virus in chickens by heating and fermentation. | the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses by the use of animal products in animal feed constitutes a potential risk to the health of livestock. to reduce the risk, it is necessary to understand the survival of viruses during the processing of animal products to feed-stuffs. since chicken anaemia virus (cav) is very resistant to inactivation, we used it as a model for the inactivation of pathogenic viruses during treatment of animal products. it is concluded that fermentation ... | 1993 | 8266628 |
| a long term observation of antibody status to chicken anaemia virus in individual chickens of breeder flocks. | the antibody status to chicken anaemia virus (cav) in four layer breeder flocks was evaluated. sera were periodically collected from the same 17 to 20 individual chickens of each flock ranging in age from 10 to 63 weeks old. the neutralising and fluorescence antibody were detectable in individual chickens during the observation periods ranging from 13 to 44 weeks. a high prevalence of both neutralising and fluorescence antibodies was observed; however, the prevalence of fluorescence antibody in ... | 1993 | 8337489 |
| a sequential histopathologic and immunocytochemical study of chicken anemia virus infection at one day of age. | detection systems for chicken anemia virus (cav) antigen in paraffin sections were evaluated. mouse monoclonal antibodies to cav used in conjunction with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex detection system gave best results. immunoreactivity of cav was markedly affected by fixation. fixation in neutral buffered formalin for 6 hours gave best results. use of decalcifying fluid containing formic acid eliminated immunoreactivity of cav, whereas use of an edta solution did not. in a sequential stud ... | 1993 | 8363498 |
| effects of chicken anemia virus on macrophage function in chickens. | one-day-old chicks were inoculated intramuscularly with chicken anemia virus (cav). four birds were killed at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days postinoculation (pi), and macrophages were recovered from spleen and bone-marrow suspensions. these were tested for interleukin-1 (il-1) production, fc receptor expression, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. macrophages recovered from uninoculated chickens at the same sample times, and exposed to cav in vitro, were also tested. il-1 production, fc recepto ... | 1993 | 8363501 |
| effects of chicken anemia virus on cell-mediated immune function in chickens exposed to the virus by a natural route. | three-week-old chicks were inoculated orally with cav and killed at various times postinoculation (pi). the spleens were removed, the cells were stimulated with concanavalin a, and lymphocyte transformation responses were determined. supernatants from these cultures were also assayed for t-cell growth factor (tcgf) and interferon. adherent macrophages from spleen or bone marrow were assayed for interleukin-1 production, fc receptor expression, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. all cav-ino ... | 1993 | 8363502 |
| determination of the detection limit of the polymerase chain reaction for chicken infectious anemia virus. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) dna in infected cell cultures and chicken tissues was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. the complete ciav genome of several strains was amplified in two segments with two sets of primer pairs. the dna segments of four ciav strains and full-length cux-1 strain dna were cloned. after amplification, 100 original genome equivalents were detected by southern hybridization. the sensitivity of the assay was enhanced considerably by performing ... | 1993 | 8363511 |
| depletion of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocyte subpopulations by cia-1, a chicken infectious anemia virus. | the suppressive effect of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) on t-lymphocyte subpopulation was evaluated in vivo by flow cytometry and dual immunostaining on frozen sections. between 14 and 21 days postinoculation (pi), the percentage of cd4-, cd8-, and ct1-positive (cd4+, cd8+, and ct1+) cells was significantly lower in chickens infected at 1 day of age with cia-1 strain of ciav than in controls. the mean percentage of cd4+ cells in the thymus was only 43%, whereas in the controls it was 77 ... | 1993 | 8363513 |
| dual infection with canine distemper virus and infectious canine hepatitis virus (canine adenovirus type 1) in a dog. | a 72-day-old, female, golden retriever dog showed anorexia, coughing, nasal discharge, diarrhea and hematochezia, and died on the 15th clinical day. pathological examination revealed dual infection with canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus (cav). cav inclusion bodies occurred only in the liver, and biliary and respiratory system, whereas cdv inclusions were demonstrated in the visceral organs systematically. the cav inclusions were associated with multifocal hepatocellular necrosis ... | 1993 | 8399762 |
| abrogation of age-related resistance to chicken infectious anemia by embryonal bursectomy. | embryonally bursectomized (ebx) chickens developed signs and lesions typical of chicken infectious anemia (cia) when infected with cia-1 isolate of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) at 21 or 38 days of age. in both cases, the chickens had low hematocrit values after the 14th day of inoculation, and the percentage of cd4+ and cd8+ cells in the thymus was markedly reduced at 21 days postinoculation. even though intact chickens became infected, they never developed low hematocrit values. the d ... | 1993 | 8452491 |
| in situ hybridization for the detection of chicken anemia virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. | the development of a biotinylated in situ hybridization procedure for the detection of chicken anemia virus (cav) is described. a double-stranded dna probe was prepared using polymerase chain reaction and was biotinylated by nick translation. hybridization conditions included the use of a microwave oven to denature target and probe nucleic acids and a five-step protocol for detection of biotinylated hybrids. in situ hybridization detected cav nucleic acid in thymus tissue from experimentally inf ... | 1993 | 8452493 |
| synergism between chicken anemia virus (cav) and avian reovirus following dual infection of 1-day-old chicks by a natural route. | one-day-old specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chicks were dually infected with the cux-1 isolate of chicken anemia virus (cav) and separate avian reovirus strains (s1133 or uchida) by an oral route. fourteen days after inoculation, chicks were bled, and packed cell volumes (pcvs) were determined. chicks were also weighted and examined for macroscopic changes to the bone marrow, thymus, and bursa of fabricius. the results obtained following dual inoculation of chicks with cav and reovirus were ... | 1995 | 8561738 |
| steroid-free chemotherapy decreases the risk of hepatitis flare-up in hepatitis b virus carriers with non-hodgkin's lymphoma. | | 1996 | 8562950 |
| differential sensitivity to ad5 e1b-21kd and bcl-2 proteins of apoptin-induced versus p53-induced apoptosis. | apoptin, a small protein derived from chicken anemia virus (cav), induces apoptosis in human tumor cell lines regardless of whether these express p53 or not. we examined whether the small adenovirus 5 e1b protein of 21 kda (e1b-21kd), also called e1b-19kd) and bcl-2 could inhibit apoptin-induced apoptosis in human tumor cell lines and compared this with p53-induced apoptosis. e1b-21kd, but not bcl-2 was found to inhibit apoptin-induced apoptosis in the osteosarcoma cell lines u2os and saos-2. ho ... | 1995 | 8603467 |
| comparison of a dna probe assay with the plaque reduction assay for measuring the sensitivity of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus to penciclovir and acyclovir. | a dna probe assay was compared with the plaque reduction assay to determine the sensitivity of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) to penciclovir and acyclovir in mrc-5 cells. in both assays, penciclovir and acyclovir shared comparable activity against cell-free virus (cfv) preparations of vzv and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) isolates, whilst acyclovir was significantly more active than penciclovir against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is ... | 1996 | 8690764 |
| the use of microwave irradiation as a pretreatment to in situ hybridization for the detection of measles virus and chicken anaemia virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. | microwave irradiation was investigated as a pretreatment to in situ hybridization on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. two probe/tissue systems were used: a single-stranded rna probe for the detection of measles virus nucleocapsid genome in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis brain tissue, and a double stranded dna probe for chicken anaemia virus in thymus of chicken infected with the virus. microwaving, when used as sole pretreatment, was not as effective as the more traditional enzyme ... | 1996 | 8735282 |
| a serologic survey of antibody against chicken infectious anemia virus by indirect immunofluorescent assay in domestic poultry in china. | a serologic survey for antibody to chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) was carried out by indirect immunofluorescent assay. antibodies against ciav were found in 79 of 185 individual sera (42%) from broiler breeders and broilers, as well as layer breeders and layers from eight cities and provinces in china. | 1996 | 8790886 |
| serological survey on the prevalence of chicken anaemia virus infection in hungarian chicken flocks. | a serological survey on the prevalence of chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection was performed by using the indirect immunofluorescence (if) and the virus neutralization (vn) tests in commercial hungarian chicken populations. by the indirect if test, a total of 846 serum samples from 13 meat-type parent flocks of two breeds were investigated between 10 and 62 weeks of age. all flocks were found to be positive for anti-cav antibodies, and the rates of antibody-positive birds among flocks ranged fr ... | 1996 | 8810003 |
| cloning and sequencing of the genome of chicken anaemia virus (cav) tk-5803 strain and comparison with other cav strains. | the complete genomic sequence of chicken anaemia virus (cav) tk-5803 strain was determined. comparisons of sequence data showed 37 nucleotide differences between tk-5803 and cux-1, 38 nucleotide differences between tk-5803 and 26p4, and 48 nucleotide differences between tk-5803 and 82-2. there were 65 nucleotide differences in the largest open reading frame (orf3) between tk-5803 and one australian isolate. base changes introduced amino acid changes at 6 positions in the c-terminal half of vp3, ... | 1996 | 8844608 |
| investigation of the transfection capability of cloned tandemly-repeated chicken anaemia virus dna fragments. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is an icosahedral virus, 25 nm in diameter, which, on the basis of its circular single-stranded dna genome, has recently been classified in the family, circoviridae. we have investigated whether infectious, monomeric cav dna from recombinant plasmids containing tandemly-repeated cav replicative form (rf) dnas, following transfection, was generated by homologous recombination or a replicational release mechanism involving rolling circle replication (rcr) of dna. experi ... | 1996 | 8856031 |
| efficient rgd-independent entry process of coxsackievirus a9. | previously we showed for coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) that specific interactions between the rgd motif of capsid protein vp1 and the alpha v beta 3 integrin are involved in virus binding and entry into green monkey kidney cells (gmk) and some other cell lines. the rgd-recognizing alpha v beta 3 integrin is known as the vitronectin receptor (vnr). during replication in the gut, cav-9 like all other enteroviruses are exposed to host proteolytic enzymes, and we showed previously that the rgd-containin ... | 1996 | 8920824 |
| a hypervariable region in vp1 of chicken infectious anemia virus mediates rate of spread and cell tropism in tissue culture. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) is a unique infectious agent with an amino acid composition that has been found to be remarkably conserved even in isolates from different parts of the world. we have characterized field isolates of ciav which vary significantly in terms of their abilities to replicate in culture, demonstrating a biological difference between isolates. two sublines of mdcc-msb1 cells that differ in their abilities to support ciav were identified. in the msb1(s) subline the ... | 1996 | 8971016 |
| sequence of porcine circovirus dna: affinities with plant circoviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence (1759 nt) of the ssdna genome of porcine circovirus (pcv) was determined from a cloned dsdna replicative form isolated from pcv-infected cells. sequence analysis detected no significant nucleic acid or protein similarity with another animal circovirus, chicken anaemia virus (cav) but, surprisingly, the highest protein similarity was obtained between the product of the largest predicted pcv orf (orf1; encoding a potential protein of 35.7 kda) and a putative protei ... | 1997 | 9010307 |
| identification of a 24 kda protein expressed by chicken anaemia virus. | antisera raised against oriented peptide conjugates were used to identify and partially characterize a 24 kda protein product expressed by chicken anaemia virus (cav). the peptides derived from the n and c termini of the protein were shown to react against the native protein, expressed within virus-infected cells, by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and immunogold thin section electron microscopy techniques. the protein product was located by immunogold single labelling in intranuclear inclu ... | 1995 | 9049362 |
| canine parvovirus infection, canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis: inclination to vaccinate and antibody response in the swedish dog population. | the inclination of dog owners to vaccinate was investigated by sending a questionnaire to randomly selected swedish dog-owning households. according to the owners (n = 538), 86.7% of the dogs had been vaccinated against cpv and 95.8% had been vaccinated against cd/ich. the inclination to vaccinate mixed breeds was significantly lower than the inclination to vaccinate pure-bred dogs. in a second study titres of cpv, cd and cav-1 virus antibodies were measured in 176 randomly selected dogs with kn ... | 1996 | 9050276 |
| increased virulence of marek's disease virus field isolates. | the continuation of an apparent evolutionary trend of marek's disease virus (mdv) towards greater virulence may explain recent increased losses from marek's disease (md) in vaccinated flocks. to address this question, the virulence of 31 isolates of serotype 1 mdv obtained from layer or broiler flocks between 1987 and 1995 were characterized. each isolate was cultured in duck embryo fibroblasts for four to six passages, and ascertained to be free from contamination with avian retroviruses, chick ... | 1997 | 9087332 |
| gordon memorial lecture. chicken anaemia virus--a glimpse of the future? | this paper uses background information about chicken anaemia virus as a guide to how the study and control of virus diseases of poultry may develop in the future. it is predicted that "new' viruses will be discovered in poultry, many of which will be difficult to grow in vitro and whose pathogenicity may appear uncertain. when new diseases/syndromes arise in the future, it should be a priority activity to define their pathology. the limitations of currently available virus diagnostic methods are ... | 1997 | 9088608 |
| apoptin induces apoptosis in human transformed and malignant cells but not in normal cells. | the chicken anemia virus protein apoptin induces a p53-independent, bcl-2-insensitive type of apoptosis in various human tumor cells. here, we show that, in vitro, apoptin fails to induce programmed cell death in normal lymphoid, dermal, epidermal, endothelial, and smooth-muscle cells. however, when normal cells are transformed they become susceptible to apoptosis by apoptin. long-term expression of apoptin in normal human fibroblasts revealed that apoptin has no toxic or transforming activity i ... | 1997 | 9159162 |
| in situ hybridization for detection of chicken anaemia virus in peripheral blood smears. | blood smears, obtained from chickens known to be infected with or free from chicken anaemia virus (cav), were tested to detect cav dna by in situ hybridization (ish). a double-stranded, 1485 base-pair (bp) dna probe was prepared employing polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the probe was labelled with digoxigenin or biotin by nick translation. in situ hybridization employing simple specimen preparation, using both digoxigenin- and biotin-labelled probes, provided a rapid and inexpensive method for ... | 1997 | 9160328 |
| isolation and identification of chicken infectious anemia virus in china. | a chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) isolate was obtained from broiler flocks aged 25-40 days with anemia and poor performance and was designated sr43. the ciav isolate was resistant to treatment with chloroform and induced thymus atrophy, bone marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old, susceptible, specific-pathogen-free chicks. ciav-specific antigens could be demonstrated in sr43-infected mdcc-msb-1 cells, a cell line derived from a marek's disease lymphoma, ... | 1997 | 9201400 |
| [sequencing of right terminal fragment of canine adenovirus type 1 vaccine strain dna]. | current studies show that adenoviruses are more advantageous as expression vectors than other viruses. canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) vaccine strain, cll (cannaught laboratory limited), as vectors will play more important role for the prophylaxis of zoonosis than human adenoviruses. studies on molecular biology of cav-1 or cll are necessary for construction of vectors of cll. in this paper, the right terminal of cll dna cleaved by hind ii was sequenced. authors found that it contained a 238 bp ... | 1996 | 9208578 |
| viral diseases of the immune system and strategies to control infectious bursal disease by vaccination. | viral infections which are immunosuppressive can affect the economics of poultry production, often as a result of the chicken's increased susceptibility to secondary infections and sub-optimal response to vaccinations. the mechanism of this immunosuppression has been studied in detail for certain chicken viruses. the replicating virus can have both direct and indirect effects on the cells of the immune system. the special role of the bursa of fabricius, as a lympho-epithelial organ, will be ment ... | 1997 | 9276986 |