| hepatitis c virus infection in patients with acute hepatitis b. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was studied using a second-generation elisa test in 121 patients with self-limiting acute hepatitis b, including 63 intravenous drug addicts (ivda). within the first month after the onset of illness, 47.1% of the patients were anti-hcv positive, this figure reaching 52.1% six months later. the prevalence in the sixth month was significantly higher in the ivda (93.6%) than in the non-ivda (6.9%) (p < 0.00001). among the ivda, anti-hcv w ... | 1992 | 1284057 |
| [an etiological study on fulminant viral hepatitis]. | viral markers were studied in 79 cases of viral hepatitis with hepatic failure. the results were shown as follows: 8 cases were positive for anti-hav igm (10.12%); 76 cases positive for hbsag or anti-hbc igm (96.20%) and 41 cases positive for anti-hcv antibodies (51.89%). among those with anti-hcv positive, 35 cases were co-infected with hbv, 5 cases with hav and/or hcv, only one was infected with hcv alone 2 cases were hd-ag positive (2.52%) and one not identified (1.27%). with the reference of ... | 1992 | 1284878 |
| persistent delta antigenaemia in chronic delta hepatitis and its relation with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the prevalence of persistent hepatitis delta (hd) antigenaemia and associated factors in patients with chronic infection with the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) were investigated. among 157 consecutive patients known to be carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), 36 (23%) had one serum marker of hdv infection (anti-hd and/or hdag). nine of the patients with an hdv marker were hdag positive, including three who were anti-hd negative. a follow-up over a mean period of 13 months showed that fi ... | 1992 | 1287132 |
| epidemiology and long-term consequences of hepatitis delta virus infection in the yucpa indians of venezuela. | to define better the epidemiology and clinical impact of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infection among hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers in less developed countries, the authors prospectively studied a cohort of 216 yucpa indian hbv carriers in venezuela. hbv carriers were followed regularly between 1983 and 1988 by physical examination, laboratory testing for liver enzymes and hbv and hdv markers, and epidemiologic history. among the cohort, 74 (34%) were initially positive for hdv infection, and ... | 1992 | 1288280 |
| [the hepatitis d virus and its role in the evolution of hepatitis b]. | | 1992 | 1288644 |
| identification of important bases for the self-cleavage activity at two single-stranded regions of genomic hdv ribozyme. | in order to determine important bases at two single-stranded regions [ssra (726-731 nt) and ssrb (762-766)] derived mainly from secondary structure models in genomic hepatitis delta virus (hdv) ribozyme possessing self-cleavage activity, we have constructed several point mutants at these two regions on the hdv88 molecule (683-770). among the bases at ssra and ssrb regions c763 was found to play an essential role during self-cleavage process since substitutions to any other bases viz. a or g or u ... | 1992 | 1289821 |
| deriving a 67-nucleotide trans-cleaving ribozyme from the hepatitis delta virus antigenomic rna. | rnas derived from the genomic and antigenomic hepatitis delta virus are capable of self-cleavage, and thus have the potential for serving as ribozymes in a trans-cleaving reaction. because the catalytic core of such an enzymatic rna was not evident from phylogenetic data, we took a step-wise approach to identifying the core, reducing the rna in size, and characterizing various properties for each size class. thus, a 186-nucleotide antigenomic rna (termed ag180) was found to be capable of cleavin ... | 1992 | 1292776 |
| low risk of mother to infant transmission of hepatitis b virus in guipúzcoa (basque country, northern spain). | the prevalence of hbsag carriers in 18,196 pregnant women (64% of women who gave birth in guipúzcoa in 1986-1991) was 0.61% (0.43% for the last two years of the study). three of the carriers were also hbeag/hbv-dna positive and two were anti-hdv positive. anti-hbc prevalence was 6.5% in 602 20-40 year old women and 1.6% in 428 girls 10-11 years old (0.47% of gypsy ethnic subjects are not included). | 1992 | 1294397 |
| delta virus infection in egypt. | the present study was carried out on 124 serum samples of acute hepatitis b, 51 with chronic hbv infection, and 41 chronic hbsag carriers. sera were tested by elisa for hbv markers and anti-delta (anti-hdv). delta infection (anti-hdv) in acute hb was found to be 16.9% (21 out of 124), 23.5% in chronic hb cases (12 out of 51), and 21.9% among chronic hbsag carriers (9 out of 41). out of the twelve delta positive in chronic hb patients, ten (83%) were suffering from cah (chronic active hepatitis) ... | 1992 | 1295943 |
| evidence of a 1985-1987 outbreak of acute and chronic hepatitis in egypt caused by a mutant hepatitis-b virus detected by spot-dna hybridization test. | sera from 65 acute and 113 chronic sporadic hepatitis were screened for serological markers of hepatitis-b virus (hbv) and hepatitis delta virus (hdv) and for hbv-dna. the enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (elisa) and dot-dna hybridization tests were used. two hbv-dna probes and their labelling systems (biotin, radiolabelling with 32p and digoxigenin) were compared for sensitivity and specificity. the 65 acute sera had serological parameters of hbv infection in 38 (58%) when all these sera were ... | 1992 | 1295945 |
| the incidence of hepatitis delta virus infection in chronic liver diseases in hungary. | a study of hepatitis b and d virus markers in 118 hepatitis b virus seropositive patients suffering from histologically confirmed chronic liver disease is reported. the prevalence of hepatitis delta infection amounted to 13.6%, whereas active hepatitis delta virus replication was proven in 6 of the cases. on the basis of these findings, conclusions--similar to those published earlier--are drawn about the role of hepatitis delta virus in the progression of chronic liver diseases. it is suggested ... | 1992 | 1296180 |
| [results of liver examination in drug addicts infected with hiv virus]. | investigations included 52 drug-addicts with asymptomatic hiv virus infection. 8 of them suffered some years ago, from virus hepatitis of type b. physical examinations did not reveal in examined persons any deviations from normal condition except for hepatomegaly. results of liver biochemical investigations remained within normal limits. in each of them one confirmed presence of serological markers of hbv infection and in 35 of them of hcv and in 5 of them in parallel hdv. in all the examined pe ... | 1992 | 1296240 |
| in situ hybridisation: principles and applications. | in situ hybridisation (ish) is based on the complementary pairing of labelled dna or rna probes with normal or abnormal nucleic acid sequences in intact chromosomes, cells or tissue sections. compared with other molecular biology techniques applicable to anatomical pathology, ish enjoys better rapport with histopathologists because of its similarity to immunohistochemistry. it has the unique advantage over other molecular biology techniques--largely based on probe hybridisation with nucleic acid ... | 1992 | 1304627 |
| production of infectious hepatitis delta virus in vitro and neutralization with antibodies directed against hepatitis b virus pre-s antigens. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) particles were produced in huh7 human hepatoma cells by transfection with cloned hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna and hdv cdna. the particles were characterized by their buoyant density, the presence of encapsidated viral rna, and their ability to infect primary cultures of chimpanzee hepatocytes. successful infection was evidenced by the appearance of increasing amounts of intracellular hdv rna after exposure to particles. infection was prevented when particles were incub ... | 1992 | 1309901 |
| [acute hepatitis c. a clinical and epidemiological study]. | the discovery of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the possibility of determining anti-hcv serum antibodies has permitted greater etiological, clinical and epidemiological knowledge of non a non b hepatitis (nanb). | 1992 | 1313129 |
| hepatitis c virus in the etiology of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis: possibility of mixed viral infections due to parenteral transmission. | sera obtained from 381 patients with chronic liver disease from four cities within the ussr were studied for hbv, hdv, and hcv markers of infection. anti-hcv activity was detected in 41.2% of non-a, non-b cases. the etiological distribution of chronic hepatitis in moscow and dushanbe was similar with an approximate 20% prevalence for hbv, hdv, and hcv infections, whereas in yakutsk 40% of cases were caused by hdv infections. the etiology of disease remained unrecognized in approximately 40% of p ... | 1992 | 1314283 |
| role of hepatitis c virus infection in spontaneous hepatitis b surface antigen clearance during chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | to examine the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in spontaneous hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) clearance during the course of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, serum specimens from 32 asymptomatic hbsag carriers and 22 patients with chronic hepatitis type b who underwent spontaneous hbsag clearance were studied for antibody to hcv (anti-hcv) using commercial eias. the results were compared with those of control groups matched for age, sex, hepatitis b e antigen, antibody to ... | 1992 | 1314869 |
| simian varicella virus: characterization of virion and infected cell polypeptides and the antigenic cross-reactivity with varicella-zoster virus. | simian varicella virus (svv) causes a varicella-like disease in non-human primates. in this study, svv virions were purified from svv-infected bsc-1 cells by zonal and differential gradient centrifugation and the virion polypeptide composition was analysed by sds-page. svv virions had a buoyant density of 1.21 g/ml, identical to the value obtained for varicella-zoster virus (vzv) virions purified by the same method. electron microscopy of the concentrated svv virions revealed characteristic herp ... | 1992 | 1316940 |
| infectious defective interfering particles of vsv from transcripts of a cdna clone. | the generation of infectious defective interfering (di) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) entirely from cdna clones is reported. bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase was used to direct the transcription of a complete negative-stranded genomic rna from a cdna clone of a vsv di rna in cells simultaneously expressing the five vsv proteins from separately transfected cdna clones. the negative-stranded transcript was encapsidated with n protein, replicated by the vsv polymerase, and the replic ... | 1992 | 1318785 |
| chronic liver disease in ethiopia: a clinical study with emphasis on identifying common causes. | between july 1986 and april 1989, 334 hospitalized adult ethiopian patients with chronic liver disease were studied according to a protocol to define their clinical features and to identify risk factors with the aim of preventive intervention. of these, 14 had chronic hepatitis, 208 cirrhosis and 112 hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). both clinical and histological diagnostic criteria were employed. a detailed questionnaire was used to document demographic and clinical data. a common clinical prese ... | 1992 | 1319901 |
| [delta virus infection in hemodialyzed kidney patients and patients with chronic liver diseases]. | sera of patients with chronic hepatitis and chronic haemodialysed uraemia were tested for both hepatitis b virus and hepatitis delta virus markers from 1985. hepatitis delta virus seroconversion was found in 10 of 88 haemodialysed patients and anti-delta-igg sero-positivity in 11 of 108 chronic hepatitis patients. the clinical course of delta superinfections in haemodialysed patients was as follows: 3 infections were symptomless, 7 patients had acute hepatitis, two of the latter group died becau ... | 1992 | 1321398 |
| [hepatitis virus (hbv, hcv, hdv) markers in chronic liver diseases. comparative studies in two east-central european countries]. | the prevalence of hepatitis virus markers in patients with chronic liver diseases from two countries has been studied: 68 patients (38 alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis, 30 chronic hbsag-positive hepatitis) from hungary as well as 109 patients (55 alcoholic liver disease, 45 chronic hepatitis or cryptogenic cirrhosis and 9 hepatoma) from romania were examined for hbsag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc, anti-hcv and anti-hdv, using the corresponding abbott elisa test systems. in alcoholic liver disease hbsag o ... | 1992 | 1321399 |
| prevalence of markers of hepatotropic viruses among drug addicts in warsaw, poland. | we studied 100 unselected parenteral drug abusers for infection with hepatitis c, b, a and d virus (hcv, hbv, hav and hdv). seventy-six percent had serological evidence of hcv infection. 12% were positive for hbsag and at least one marker of hbv infection was present in 69%. these results were significantly higher than in a matched control population. compared to controls, the prevalence of anti-hav (65%) was not significantly increased in drug addicts. of the anti-hcv-positive drug addicts, 80. ... | 1992 | 1324268 |
| seropositivity to hepatitis c virus in saudi haemodialysis patients. | seropositivity to hepatitis b, c and d viruses was studied in 66 saudi haemodialysis patients from al baha region, south of saudi arabia, and was compared to that in 380 healthy saudis from the same region. the results showed that hcv is endemic in this region (3.6%) and the prevalence of anti-hcv in the haemodialysis patients was 45.5%, which is the highest reported so far in this group of patients. anti-hcv was related to the amount of blood transfused (greater than 5 units) and the duration o ... | 1992 | 1325714 |
| resistance of hepatitis delta virus replication to interferon-alpha treatment in transfected human cells. | interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) is known to inhibit both dna and rna viruses, including hepatitis b virus (hbv). in humans the antiviral effect, if any, of ifn-alpha on hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is complicated by the fact that hdv is spread only to patients already infected with hbv. an in vitro model system was used to assay for an antiviral effect of ifn-alpha on hdv genome replication. hep g2 cells were transfected with a plasmid containing a trimer of hdv and treated with ifn (20 or 100 units ... | 1992 | 1328404 |
| infection by hepatitis b and c virus in non-intravenous drug using female prostitutes in spain. | we have studied the prevalence of hepatitis b (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) serologic markers in female blood donors and in female prostitutes and the relationship of antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) and of antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) with the presence of treponemal antibodies (fta-abs) in non-intravenous drug using female prostitutes. hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was found in 1.0% of the female blood donors, anti-hbc in 15.6% and anti-hcv in 0.7%. in the prostitutes ... | 1992 | 1330674 |
| [practical remarks regarding the analysis of markers of acute viral hepatitis]. | | 1992 | 1332002 |
| [advances in research on hepatitis d in china]. | | 1992 | 1332821 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus in chronic hbsag carriers. | the presence of the anti-hcv antibody was investigated in sera from 102 chronic hbsag carriers. the subjects varied as to the characteristics of the clinical states. it was found that hcv coinfection was more common in hbsag positive intravenous drug addicts than in other parenteral risk groups. it also appears that hcv may be the causative agent of chronic liver disease in hbsag carriers with undetectable hbv (and possibly hdv) replication. | 1992 | 1333329 |
| non-radioisotopic methods for dna probes. | we have recently developed a new colorimetric method, dna enzyme immunoassay (deia), for detecting specific hybrids of complementary nucleic acids. this technology is based on an antibody that selectively recognizes double, but not single-stranded dna. the molecule does not react with a specific probe immobilized on microwells through an avidin-biotin bridge, nor with non-specific amplified sequences, since they are removed by washing. the antibody reveals the hybridization event, independently ... | 1992 | 1333735 |
| incidence of hepatitis d virus infection in japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma--immunohistochemical investigation of the delta antigen. | in order to clarify the incidence of the delta agent among hepatocellular carcinomas (hccs) in kurume, where the hepatitis b infection and its related hcc are most prevalent in japan, liver tissues from sero hepatitis b surface antigen-positive autopsy cases, with or without hcc, were immunohistochemically investigated for detection of the delta antigen. only one patient (1.7%) among 58 patients with hcc was found to have delta-antigen in the nuclei in the hepatocytes, which were diffusely distr ... | 1992 | 1339069 |
| internally deleted antigenomic hepatitis delta rna self-cleaves even in 18 m formamide. | | 1992 | 1340134 |
| structure-function relation of the hepatitis delta virus genomic ribozyme. | | 1992 | 1340152 |
| hepatitis b virus and hepatitis delta virus. | | 1992 | 1341643 |
| [seroprevalence of anti-delta antibodies in hospital workers in dakar]. | 708 hospital workers in chu of dakar were tested to hbs antigen: among them 128 were positive and tested to delta antibody by elisa abbott kit. seven men and one woman were positive; however the positivity to delta antibody is neither linked to sex, nor to age. 87% of the delta antibody carriers were found among the trainees, and 50% of them studied in the odonto-stomatology institute. | 1992 | 1345091 |
| evaluation of hepatitis delta virus rna levels during interferon therapy by analysis of polymerase chain reaction products with a nonradioisotopic hybridization assay. | we developed a nonradioisotopic assay for detection of hepatitis delta virus rna in serum by combining reverse transcription of rna, polymerase chain reaction of the resultant complementary dna and enzyme linked immunoassay detection of the polymerase chain reaction products using a monoclonal antibody specific for double-stranded dna. this dna enzyme immunoassay had a limit of detection of cloned hepatitis delta virus rna similar to that of standard pcr followed by southern-blot hybridization ( ... | 1992 | 1372582 |
| [hepatitis serology: use and interpretation]. | presently five viruses causing hepatitis are known, the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), d (hdv) and e (hev). the genomic structure is known of most of all these viruses as well as some of their structural and regulatory gene products. using radio- and enzyme immunoassays viral antigens can be detected for hbv and hdv as well as specific antibodies against all the five viruses. the results of these tests are the basis for the diagnosis and the follow-up of these infections but differ ... | 1992 | 1377839 |
| spontaneous exacerbation of disease activity in patients with chronic delta hepatitis infection: the role of hepatitis b, c or d? | forty-six patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection were followed between 6 and 116 mo (mean = 32.8 mo; median = 24 mo). nineteen patients (41%) demonstrated clinical courses with episodes of biochemical reactivation (alt levels greater than or equal to 10 times baseline values [group a]). twenty-seven patients (59%) had stable clinical courses without biochemical reactivation (group b). patients in group a were younger than those in group b (30.5 vs. 35.3 yr; p = 0.03), were less li ... | 1992 | 1380478 |
| a sequence element necessary for self-cleavage of the antigenomic hepatitis delta rna in 20 m formamide. | the genomic and antigenomic rnas of hepatitis delta virus are capable of self-cleavage and show no significant sequence similarities to other known self-cleaving rnas. we have derived an antigenomic delta rna which cleaves to completion in 15 s in 9 mm magnesium at 37 degrees c and is capable of efficient self-cleavage in concentrations of formamide as high as 20 m. cleavage in high concentrations of denaturant is dependent upon the presence of a polypurine sequence element, ggaga, located betwe ... | 1992 | 1390740 |
| hepatitis d virus infection in liver tissues of patients with hepatitis b in china. | 2,346 liver samples from 17 cities of china for intrahepatic hepatitis d antigen (hdag) were studied by direct enzyme-labelled technique. hdag was detected in 167 out of 1,764 samples of hbsag positive individuals making a detection rate of 9.47%. hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection existed in all the examined districts with no significant difference in the hdag detection rate. it was found that the intrahepatic hdag detection rate was related to the pathologic type of the liver disease. the hdag ... | 1992 | 1395839 |
| concurrent hepatitis c virus and hepatitis delta virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | since hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis delta virus (hdv) are transmitted by the same routes as hepatitis b virus (hbv), simultaneous or concurrent hcv and hdv infection in patients with chronic hbv infection may occur. to test this hypothesis and to examine the clinicohistological and immunopathological presentations of such multiple hepatitis virus infections, acute and/or convalescent serum specimens from 86 patients with acute hdv superinfection were tested by enzyme immunoassay for anti ... | 1992 | 1402827 |
| chronic hepatitis b in adopted romanian children. | four of five romanian orphans adopted by u.s. families were found to have chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection after negative test results were reported in romania before adoption. another child with known hbv infection was found to be coinfected with hepatitis d virus. there is a high incidence of hbv infection in romanian orphans, and results of tests for hbv are unreliable in romania. | 1992 | 1403391 |
| oligomerization of hepatitis delta antigen is required for both the trans-activating and trans-dominant inhibitory activities of the delta antigen. | two forms of hepatitis delta antigen (hdag) have different roles in the replication cycle of hepatitis delta virus (hdv); the small forms trans activates hdv rna replication, whereas the large form suppresses it but is needed for virion assembly. to understand the mechanism of these regulatory activities, we studied the possible hdag oligomerization and its role in hdv replication. in this report, we provide direct biochemical evidence for the in vitro and in vivo formation of homodimers and het ... | 1992 | 1404608 |
| [incidence of hepatitis b, c and d infection in chronic liver diseases]. | the authors tested hepatitis b (hbsag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc, igm anti-hbc, hbe, anti-hbe), c (anti-hcv) and d (anti-hd, igm anti-hd) virus markers in the sera of 204 patients, who suffered from histologically confirmed chronic liver diseases (age: 18-72, average: 46.8 y) by sorin biomedica ria and abbott elisa kits. on the basis of detailed virus serological tests, they obtained data indicating viral etiology in 62% of the cases. 33.3% of the patients were anti-hcv, 52.5% of the patients were hbv ... | 1992 | 1408083 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b, hepatitis delta, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in omani patients with renal diseases. | patients treated at the royal hospital in oman during january-june 1991 were divided in 3 groups. the 1st group included 103 patients (49 males, 54 females, with a mean of 39 years) who attended the nephrology clinic and none of whom were on dialysis. in the 2nd group there were 102 patients (46 males, 56 females, with a mean age of 42 years) on regular hemodialysis (with a mean duration of 35 months) because of end-stage renal failure. the 3rd group comprised 82 kidney transplant patients ( ... | 1992 | 1412910 |
| expression and localization of the small and large delta antigens during the replication cycle of hepatitis d virus. | to study the expression and localization of delta antigen during the replication cycle of hepatitis d virus, we cotransfected huh-7 hepatoma cells with a hepatitis b virus expression plasmid and plasmids expressing the small or large delta antigen or the entire hdv genome. the transfected cells and culture medium were analyzed on double immunofluorescence staining for delta antigen and hbsag, on western blotting and on northern-blot hybridization from 4 hr to 9 days after transfection. in cells ... | 1992 | 1427653 |
| frequency of hepatitis b, c and d and human immunodeficiency virus infections in multi-transfused thalassemics. | of forty multi-transfused thalassemia patients (26 males, 14 females; mean age 8.1 +/- 5.3 years, range 1-35) with no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease, hbsag, anti-hepatitis c virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were present in 18 (45%), 7 (17.5%) and 1 (2.5%) cases respectively. three of the 18 (16.7%) hbsag positive patients were anti-delta antibody positive. our results indicate that more than 50% of multi-transfused thalassemia patients show serological ev ... | 1992 | 1428037 |
| [detection of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) markers in hbv carriers]. | to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) superinfection in hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers, antibody to hepatitis delta antigen (anti-hd) was determined in the sera of 328 hbv carriers in japan. 1) of the 328 hbv carriers, six (1.8%) were seropositive for anti-hd by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. igm-antibody to hepatitis delta antigen was detected in 2/6 patients with a high anti-hdv titer. none of the patients was positive for hepatitis dealt anti ... | 1992 | 1431381 |
| [infection with hepatitis delta virus among drug addicts]. | | 1992 | 1437722 |
| hepatitis delta virus infection in bombay. | from june 1985 to june 1989, sera from 425 cases of acute viral hepatitis were gathered from 2 hospitals in bombay; 331 sera were positive for hepatitis b surface antigen and immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis b core antigen, and the donors' disease was diagnosed as hepatitis b. anti-hepatitis d virus was found in 124 of these sera, and hepatitis d antigen was present in 24 more, conclusively proving the presence of hepatitis delta infection in association with hepatitis b in bombay. among the 425 ... | 1992 | 1440825 |
| the structure and replication of hepatitis delta virus. | hepatitis delta virus exists in nature as a satellite of hepatitis b virus. this review emphasizes studies during the past few years that have clarified much about this satellite relationship. many unique and intriguing features have been assigned to delta and its replication. in addition, certain unresolved questions are emphasized, and consideration is even given to the application of delta as a vector. | 1992 | 1444256 |
| secondary structure of the self-cleaving rna of hepatitis delta virus: applications to catalytic rna design. | a model for the secondary structure of the self-cleaving rna from hepatitis delta virus was tested. specific base changes were introduced in each of four regions with the potential for base-pairing (stems i-iv), and for each variant sequence, a rate constant for cleavage was determined. in each stem, mutations that would interfere with watson-crick base-pairing also reduced the first-order rate constants by 10-10(4)-fold relative to the unmodified version. within stems i and ii and a shortened f ... | 1992 | 1445917 |
| recurrence of hepatitis b and delta hepatitis after orthotopic liver transplantation. | the clinical course of 10 liver transplant recipients who had hepatitis b virus (hbv) and five recipients with hbv and d (delta) infection before transplantation is described. six patients who underwent eight transplants died. the estimated one and two year survival rates in patients with hbv only before transplantation were 74% and 67% respectively. the estimated one and two year survival in patients with hbv and hdv infection beforehand was 100%. graft infection by hbv occurred in 8 of 10 pati ... | 1992 | 1446866 |
| [orthotopic liver transplantation in hepatic cirrhosis: on the problem of infection of the transplant with persistent hepatitis viruses]. | 269 orthotopic liver transplantations (olt) were performed in 253 patients at our institution from september 1988 to may 1992. 121 patients had end-stage cirrhosis secondary to viral hepatitis type b, delta, or type non-a non-b and c respectively. reinfection of the graft by persistent viruses is a potential complication in these cases. passive immunization with anti-hbs hyperimmunoglobulin (hig) can prevent clinically relevant reinfection of the graft in patients with hepatitis b virus (hbv) in ... | 1992 | 1449005 |
| chronic viral hepatitis in children. | hepatitis b virus is the most common causative agent of chronic viral hepatitis in children. the disease may take an aggressive course, but remains mostly asymptomatic. hdv infection occurs in about 13% of those children who are chronic carriers and are hbsag positive. hcv infection is generally related to parenteral risk and generally remains asymptomatic. in addition to describing the course of the various diseases, treatment and control measures are discussed. | 1992 | 1450698 |
| prenylation of the large hepatitis delta virus antigen: a target for antiviral therapy. | | 1992 | 1451989 |
| intrahepatic expression of pre-s1 and pre-s2 antigens in chronic hepatitis b virus infection in relation to hepatitis b virus replication and hepatitis delta virus superinfection. | hepatocyte expression of pre-s1 and pre-s2 in relation to hepatitis b virus replication (hepatitis b virus-dna in serum and hbcag in the liver), histological activity and hepatitis delta virus superinfection was studied by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of liver specimens from 68 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. all 44 patients with chronic type b hepatitis had pre-s1 and pre-s2 display in the liver. the distribution of pre-s1 in the liver was membranous in one, ... | 1992 | 1452081 |
| current seroepidemiology of hepatitis d virus infection among hepatitis b surface antigen carriers of general and high-risk populations in taiwan. | in order to assess the current seroepidemiology of hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection in taiwan where hepatitis b virus (hbv) is hyperendemic, a total of 756 voluntary blood donors, 641 prostitutes, 1,014 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (stds), and 628 drug abusers were studied. radioimmunoassays were used for testing hbv infection markers and antibody against hdv (anti-hdv) among hbsag carriers. the anti-hdv prevalence among hbsag carriers was significantly higher in std patients (9. ... | 1992 | 1460460 |
| mutagenesis analysis of the self-cleavage domain of hepatitis delta virus antigenomic rna. | to determine the sequence requirements and structural features of the self-cleavage domain of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) antigenomic rna, we constructed a series of mutants and measured the rate constant of the cleavage reaction for each. the self-cleavage activity of hdv rna of antigenomic sense was found to reside in a region of less than 90 nucleotides in length. the catalytic domain contained a long complementary sequence which could be deleted to half of its original size. moreover, this r ... | 1992 | 1461726 |
| hepatitis delta virus. no longer a defective virus. | | 1992 | 1462951 |
| evidence that hepatitis d virus needs hepatitis b virus to cause hepatocellular damage. | serial liver biopsy specimens from 11 patients who had liver transplants after hepatitis d virus (hdv)-related end-stage liver disease developed were examined, allowing a novel opportunity to study the evolution of hdv infection in relation to hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection from the earliest stages. hepatitis d virus antigen was detected in liver tissue in the absence of either tissue or serologic evidence of hbv recurrence within 3 months in all eight patients biopsied at that time. after se ... | 1992 | 1462952 |
| absence of hepatitis delta virus infection in chronic hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients in france. | hemodialyzed patients and kidney recipients are frequently multiply-transfused and infected by hepatitis b virus (hbv). hepatitis delta virus (hdv) has a symbiotic association with hbv. the prevalence of hdv infection has, surprisingly, not been assessed in patients in hemodialysis or renal transplantation setting. we retrospectively studied the prevalence of serum delta antigen and antidelta antibodies by a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 77 of the 80 hbsag-positive patients who under ... | 1992 | 1465775 |
| [the prevalence of the markers of viral hepatitis b and delta among the population in regions differing in the level of morbidity]. | from two regions differing by the levels of incidence of hepatitis b, 2019 blood serum specimens from normal population were examined for markers of hbv infection. in moscow, among 1040 samples examined hbsag was found in 2.0%, anti-hbs in 10.0%, anti-hbc in the absence of hbsag and anti-hbs in 4.5%. in the osh province of kirgizstan, among 979 subjects examined the same markers were found in 10.3%, 22.4%, and 14.0%, respectively. in this area, hbsag was detected most frequently among infants (1 ... | 1992 | 1471341 |
| acute delta hepatitis without hepatitis b surface antigen detectable in the blood. | the case is described of a 42-year-old man suffering from acute delta hepatitis without hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) being detectable in his blood. tests on the patient's blood were negative for anti-hbcigm and hbeag but positive for anti-hbs, anti-hbe, hdag and anti-digm. it is well known that the delta antigen-antibody system is detectable only in hbsag carriers except rarely in persons recently recovered from acute hepatitis b virus (hbv) and delta infection. we report one of the rare ... | 1992 | 1474270 |
| intrahepatic expression of hepatitis b core and surface antigens in chronic hepatitis delta-virus infection. | to evaluate the interference of hepatitis b virus (hbv) protein expression in the liver in chronic hepatitis delta-virus (hdv) infection, the intrahepatic expression of hepatitis b core and surface antigens (hbcag and hbsag) was studied in 36 hbsag carriers who were seropositive for anti-hdv and in 36 anti-hdv negative controls [18 with serum hepatitis b e-antigen (hbeag) and 18 with anti-hbe]. of 18 hbeag-positive patients with anti-hdv, 12 had hdv antigen (hdag) in the liver. hbcag was positiv ... | 1992 | 1484148 |
| [hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled probe for the detection of hepatitis delta virus]. | the presence of hepatitis delta virus was investigated in liver biopsies by in situ cyto-hybridization with a probe labelled with digoxigenin. | 1992 | 1489775 |
| structural requirements for rna editing in hepatitis delta virus: evidence for a uridine-to-cytidine editing mechanism. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) nucleotide 1012 is edited from uridine to cytidine in 10-40% of the rna genomes during replication. this editing event is an important control point in the hdv life cycle because it results in both the packaging of viral rna and the inhibition of hdv replication. we find that the editing event is highly specific for both the sequences neighboring nucleotide 1012 and the base-paired context of position 1012 within the unbranched rod structure of hdv rna. prior studies ... | 1992 | 1496009 |
| course of hepatitis b and d virus infection in auxiliary liver grafts in hepatitis b-positive patients. a light-microscopic and immunohistochemical study. | four patients who received an auxiliary partial liver graft for decompensated liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis b (hbv), associated in two cases with hepatitis d virus (hdv) superinfection, were studied. the sequential appearance of hepatitis b and d antigens in the grafts was investigated in serial liver biopsies by immuno-histochemical methods and compared with the viral antigenic profiles of the host livers. the histological changes in the liver grafts were studied in relation to the viral exp ... | 1992 | 1500681 |
| hepatitis b x antigen and polymerase antibodies in the serum of hepatitis b carriers with or without hepatitis delta virus infection. effects of interferon treatment. | previous work has shown that the hepatitis b x antigen (hbxag) and antibodies directed against the polymerase of hepatitis b virus (anti-pol) are early markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication in natural infections. the present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that the appearance of one or both of these markers signaled reactivation in chronic carriers with liver disease who were treated with alpha-interferon (ifn). the results show that hbv dna decreased among the patients who ... | 1992 | 1500693 |
| hepatitis d virus superinfection remains a rare occurrence in non-drug abusers in hong kong. | recent studies from taiwan reported an increased prevalence of hepatitis d virus (hdv) superinfection as well as a spread of hdv infection to non-drug abusers. we examined the current prevalence of hdv superinfection in hong kong by testing sera from a large cohort of patients with acute and chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, collected between january 1988 and december 1990, for igg antibody to hdv (anti-hdv). anti-hdv was detected in 13 (93%) of 14 parenteral drug abusers who had hbv-re ... | 1992 | 1500697 |
| nosography and immunopathogenesis of viral hepatitis. | five viruses are responsible for the vast majority of cases of viral related hepatitis. they have been named hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), hepatitis e virus (hev). the more recent literature concerning the viral structure, the epidemiology, the serological identification, the clinical course and the prevention of each type of hepatitis is reviewed. hbv is not directly cytopathic. hepatitis is a consequence of the destruction o ... | 1992 | 1501725 |
| the epidemiology of hepatitis delta infection in italy. promoting group. | the epidemiology of hdv infection in italy was assessed in a retrospective study involving 1556 hbsag chronic carriers on their first presentation at one of the 35 liver units in 1987. total anti-hd was detected in 23.4% of hbsag carriers and was significantly more frequent in southern than in northern italy (26.6% vs. 19.1%, p less than 0.01). age distribution showed that 73% of the anti-hd-positive subjects, but only 56% of the anti-hd-negative subjects, were under 40 years of age (p less than ... | 1992 | 1506640 |
| random mutations to evaluate the role of bases at two important single-stranded regions of genomic hdv ribozyme. | in elucidating function of two important single-stranded regions [ssra (726-731 nt) and ssrb (762-766 nt)] derived mainly from three secondary structure models in genomic hepatitis delta virus (hdv) ribozyme possessing self-cleavage activity, we have constructed several random mutants at those two regions on the hdv88 molecule (683-770 nt) by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. when self-cleavage activities were compared among mutants, at the region ssra, g726 was found to play an important ro ... | 1992 | 1508677 |
| delta virus as a vector for the delivery of biologically-active rnas: possibly a ribozyme specific for chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | | 1992 | 1514438 |
| [healthy and pseudo-healthy carriers of hepatitis b virus. a comparative clinical, biological and pathological approach]. | from a series of 100 patients hospitalized for chronic hepatitis b infections (hbv), 51 chronic carriers of the hbs antigen without elevated aminotransferases or circulating hbv dna were studied retrospectively. they had no unusual epidemiological or clinical features compared to the other patients, but were distinguished by their normal liver function tests, except for 5 cases of isolated hypergammaglobulinemia. hepatic biopsies performed on 28 patients showed minor lesions or normal tissue in ... | 1992 | 1524350 |
| viral hepatitis in the 1990s, part ii: hepatitis b and delta virus. | parenterally shared blood and sexual transmission are the main routes of spread of hepatitis b in the united states. most cases resolve spontaneously without specific treatment. passive immunization provides temporary protection in certain postexposure settings. active immunization achieves high protection rates. duration of protection and the need for booster doses are not well defined. many cases of fulminant b hepatitis, severe chronic active hepatitis, and end-stage cirrhosis secondary to he ... | 1992 | 1525972 |
| nuclear localization signals, but not putative leucine zipper motifs, are essential for nuclear transport of hepatitis delta antigen. | hepatitis delta antigen (hdag) is the only known protein of hepatitis delta virus and was previously shown to localize in the nucleoplasm of infected liver cells. in this study, nuclear localization signals of hdag were defined by expressing various domains of the antigen in both hepatic and nonhepatic cells as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins. a cytochemical staining assay demonstrated that a domain from amino acid residues 35 to 88 of hdag was able to facilitate transport to the nucleus of t ... | 1992 | 1527850 |
| [incidence of hepatitis d virus infection in chronic hepatitis b virus carriers]. | in carriers of hbsag (hepatitis b virus surface antigen) the incidence of hepatitis d virus infection was studied in 72 (61.3%) males and 45 (38.5%) females, totally in 117 cases with a mean age of 34.8 years. there were 26 (22.2%) asymptomatic carriers of hbsag where in other chronic carriers the diagnosis were as follows; 29 (24.7%) chronic persistent hepatitis, 20 (17.0%) chronic lobular hepatitis, 23 (19.6%) chronic active hepatitis and 19 (16.2%) posthepatic cirrhosis. the incidence of hdv ... | 1992 | 1528142 |
| hepatitis delta antigen expressed by recombinant baculoviruses: comparison of biochemical properties and post-translational modifications between the large and small forms. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) encodes only one protein, the hepatitis delta antigen (hdag). two forms of hdag, a large (27 kda) and a small (24 kda) one, participate in the various steps of hdv replication. to further understand the properties of hdag, we have constructed recombinant baculoviruses and expressed both forms of the hdag in insect cells. the gene encoding hdag was placed under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) by homolo ... | 1992 | 1529540 |
| [the clinical picture and outcome of acute delta infection]. | a total of 60 patients were observed with acute hepatitis delta defined at examination of 200 adult subjects with acute hbsag-positive hepatitis. moderate and severe forms of the disease occurred more frequently, lethality reached 13.3%. an unfavorable prognosis was related to a short-term prejaundice period with intoxication (high body temperature, head ache, vertigo, recurrent vomiting, igm antibodies presence in the serum at the height of the disease). no patients achieved cure within 9 month ... | 1992 | 1535112 |
| correlation of hepatitis b virus, hepatitis d virus and human immunodeficiency virus type i infection markers in hepatitis b surface antigen positive haemophiliacs and patients without haemophilia with clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis. | the hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection plays a major role in severe liver damage caused by hepatitis. to establish the prevalence of hdv infection in haemophilic patients and patients without haemophilia, 87 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection were examined for serological evidence of delta hepatitis. in addition hbv, hdv and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) infection markers were compared to clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis. out of 46 haemophiliacs ... | 1992 | 1537369 |
| characterization by mass spectrometry of a recombinant hepatitis delta virus antigen and its proteolytic products. | the recombinant hepatitis delta virus antigen was obtained as a chimaeric protein fused to the c-terminus of the phage ms2 rna polymerase. following induction of the temperature-sensitive promoter, two major polypeptides of about 34 kda and 29 kda, and two minor peptides about 21 kda and 18 kda, were obtained on page. the 34-kda protein was identified as the expected recombinant protein by confirming 82% of the primary structure using fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. the most represented ... | 1992 | 1541267 |
| deletion of internal sequence on the hdv-ribozyme: elucidation of functionally important single-stranded loop regions. | in elucidating functionally important single-stranded loop regions derived mainly from three models in genomic hepatitis delta virus (hdv) ribozyme possessing self-cleavage activity, we have constructed several internal deletion variants of the hdv133 molecule (654-786 nt on genomic rna) by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. when self-cleavage activities were compared among variants, the hdv133di-1 (deletion of 701-718 nt) and hdv133di-3 (deletion of 740-752 nt) ribozyme could maintain their ... | 1992 | 1542571 |
| assembly of hepatitis delta virus particles. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a subviral satellite of hepatitis b virus (hbv). since the rna genome of hdv can replicate in cultured cells in the absence of hbv, it has been suggested that the only helper function of hbv is to supply hbv coat proteins in the assembly process of hdv particles. to examine the factors involved in such virion assembly, we transiently cotransfected cells with various hepadnavirus constructs and cdnas of hdv and analyzed the particles released into the medium. we rep ... | 1992 | 1548764 |
| interactions between human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis b virus infections in 260 chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus. | to evaluate the factors determining the severity of chronic hepatitis b virus infection and the interactions of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis delta virus infections, we retrospectively analyzed 260 patients, 146 of whom were followed for a mean of 31.4 +/- 1.8 mo. human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis delta virus status and aminotransferase activities, histological activity index, alcohol consumption and the prevalence of cirrhosis were investigated. the pat ... | 1992 | 1551633 |
| prevalence of delta virus infection in high risk population and hepatitis b virus related liver diseases. | two hundred and fifty four high risk persons or patients with hepatitis b virus related liver disease (209 men, 45 women; age range 1-78 years) were tested for anti-delta antibody and igm anti-hbc to determine the prevalence of delta agent coinfection and superinfection. the prevalence of delta infection was as follows: acute viral hepatitis 23/148 (16%) and chronic liver disease 17/92 (19%), and asymptomatic hbsag carriers 1/6 (17%). in the high risk population, the delta antibody prevalence wa ... | 1992 | 1551704 |
| infection due to hepatitis delta virus in africa: report from senegal and review. | a review of the literature shows strong variations in the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) among africans seropositive for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). in senegal, west africa, prevalence of antibodies to hdv among asymptomatic hbsag carriers appears to be linked to regional and/or socioeconomic factors. antibodies to hdv were found in 22 (47%) of 47 hbsag-seropositive patients with liver disease who were hospitalized in the main hospital of dakar and in 4% to 44% of asymptomati ... | 1992 | 1554840 |
| functional study of hepatitis delta virus large antigen in packaging and replication inhibition: role of the amino-terminal leucine zipper. | the large hepatitis delta antigen (hdag) has been found to be essential for the assembly of the hepatitis delta virion. furthermore, in a cotransfection experiment, the large hdag itself, without the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) genome and small hdag, could be packaged into hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) particles. by deletion analysis, it was shown that the amino-terminal leucine zipper domain was dispensable for packaging. the large hdag could also help in copackaging of the small hdag int ... | 1992 | 1560529 |
| treatment of early chronic delta hepatitis with lymphoblastoid alpha interferon: a pilot study. | seven carriers of the hepatitis b surface antigen who had acquired a form of chronic hepatitis d in the recent past were treated with lymphoblastoid alpha interferon (ifn) (10 mu three times weekly for 4 months, 6 mu three times weekly for other 8 months, with a 12 month follow-up after treatment). at the beginning of the study, these patients had a chronic active hepatitis with intrahepatic hepatitis d antigen but without signs of cirrhosis. by the end of therapy, five had normal amino-transfer ... | 1992 | 1562748 |
| introduction of hepatitis delta virus into polish drug community. | the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infection was studied in 140 unselected intravenous drug addicts whose sera were drawn between 1985 and 1986 and in 100 addicts from whom sera were obtained between 1988 and 1989. it was observed that 1.8% of those positive for hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers from the earlier period and 23.2% of those from the later period had detectable anti-delta antibodies. among drug addicts referred with acute or chronic hbv infection, the first evidence of hdv ... | 1992 | 1563812 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis delta virus infection in pune, india. | | 1992 | 1566320 |
| evolution of hepatitis delta virus rna during chronic infection. | the complete rna sequences of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) isolated at three different time points from a chronic delta hepatitis patient were determined. these time points represented three different periods of clinical flare-ups. the sequence analysis showed that these three different hdv isolates evolved at a rate ranging from 3.0 x 10(-2) to 3.0 x 10(-3) substitutions/nucleotide/year, depending on the period of infection. the evolution rates appeared to correlate with the changes of clinical ... | 1992 | 1566577 |
| replication of the hepatitis d virus genome without hepatitis b virus. | | 1992 | 1568596 |
| hepatitis b virus dna in chronic hbsag carriers: correlation with hbeag/anti-hbe status, anti-hd and liver histology. | hepatitis b virus dna was determined in the sera of 198 chronic hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers by the spot hybridization technique. the results were correlated with hepatitis be antigen (hbeag) and antibody (anti-hbe), delta antibody (anti-hd) and liver histology. all subjects had a liver biopsy. the prevalence of hbv dna was 63% in hbeag-positive subjects and 8.8% in anti-hbe positives. hbv dna was not found more frequently in chronic hbsag carriers who had histological evidence o ... | 1992 | 1568710 |
| detection of hepatitis delta virus rna by a nonradioactive in situ hybridization procedure. | a digoxigenin-tailed, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide was used to detect genomic hepatitis delta virus (hdv) rna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver sections by a nonisotopic in situ hybridization (nish) procedure. twenty-three liver samples from chronically hdv-infected patients were studied. eight liver specimens from humans and chimpanzees without markers of active hdv infection served as negative controls. in three samples, the nish findings were compared with characteristic nuclear fe ... | 1992 | 1568750 |
| hepatitis delta superinfection during alpha-interferon treatment for hepatitis b. | alpha-interferon (ifn) has been used to treat hepatitis b virus carriers with chronic hepatitis delta virus superinfection. although the drug inhibits hepatitis delta virus replication during administration, long-term clearance of the virus has not been obtained in most patients. the effectiveness of alpha-interferon on chronic hdv infection is therefore questionable. no data are available on acute infection. we report the case of a young, immunocompetent hbsag carrier in whom hepatitis delta vi ... | 1992 | 1571575 |
| sexual practices in the transmission of hepatitis b virus and prevalence of hepatitis delta virus infection in female prostitutes in the united states. | to evaluate heterosexual transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infection in female prostitutes. | 1992 | 1573724 |
| co-expression of markers for hepatitis delta and hepatitis b viruses in human liver. | delta hepatitis (hdv) infection can only occur in the presence of hepatitis b (hbv) infection, as hdv requires a coat of hbv surface antigen (hbsag) for assembly of complete virus. a number of studies have examined the variation of hbv markers in serum and liver during establishment of hdv infection, but none has systematically examined the relationship between the two viruses in individual hepatocytes. liver biopsies from five patients with hdv/hbv infection were stained for hbsag, hbv core ant ... | 1992 | 1577410 |
| differential effect of chronic hepatitis d virus infection on intrahepatic expression of hepatitis b viral antigen. | to determine how chronic hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection affects intrahepatic hepatitis b virus (hbv) antigen expression. | 1992 | 1577968 |
| effect of cyclosporin-a in woodchucks with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection. | four woodchucks chronically infected with hepatitis delta virus (hdv) were treated with cyclosporin-a (cya) for 11 weeks. all animals had detectable hdag in the liver and two of them were also positive for hdag and hdv-rna in serum. reappearance of hdv in serum was noted in one of the two non-viraemic animals and increased viraemia in the two viraemic. hdv-rna levels became elevated within a week of starting treatment and an inverse relationship between hdv-rna and whv-dna became apparent during ... | 1992 | 1578224 |