| kinetics of velvet tobacco mottle virus satellite rna synthesis and encapsidation. | synthesis of circular (rna 2) and linear (rna 3) molecules of velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) satellite rna (sat rna) has been studied by incubating strips of tissues excised from systemically infected nicotiana clevelandii in solutions of [14c]uridine. after a short lag, rna and virus synthesis proceeded at a constant rate for at least 24 hr, during which time most of the synthesis was directed to the production of rnas 2 and 3. the kinetics of [14c]uridine incorporation into the sat rna mo ... | 1989 | 2718388 |
| conformational transitions in viroids and virusoids: comparison of results from energy minimization algorithm and from experimental data. | viroids are single-stranded circular rna molecules of 240 to 400 nucleotides which are pathogens of certain higher plants and replicate autonomously in the host cell. virusoids are similar to viroids in respect to size and circularity but replicate only as genomic part of a plant virus. their structure and structural transitions have been investigated by thermo-dynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic methods. the special features of the sequences of these rnas, which are the basis for their secondary ... | 1984 | 6086063 |
| comparative sequence and structure of viroid-like rnas of two plant viruses. | a newly discovered group of spherical plant viruses contains a bipartite genome consisting of a single-strand linear rna molecule (rna 1, mr 1.5 x 10(6) ), and a single-strand, covalently closed circular viroid-like rna molecule (rna 2, mr approximately 125,000). the nucleotide sequences of the rna 2 of two of these, velvet tobacco mottle virus and solanum nodiflorum mottle virus, have been determined. rna 2 of solanum nodiflorum mottle virus consists of 377 residues whereas that of velvet tobac ... | 1982 | 7111020 |
| structural transitions in viroid-like rnas associated with cadang-cadang disease, velvet tobacco mottle virus, and solanum nodiflorum mottle virus. | the conformational transitions of viroid-like rnas associated with cadang-cadang disease, velvet tobacco mottle virus, and solanum nodiflorum mottle virus were studied by melting analysis and fast temperature jump technique in 1 mm sodium-cacodylate, 10 mm nacl, 0.1 mm edta, ph 6.8. the 4 circular rnas of cadang-cadang show a highly cooperative transition between 45 and 49 degrees c, respectively, and a second transition of less hypochromicity at about 10 degrees c higher temperatures. the data ... | 1982 | 7145707 |
| stiffness of viroids and viroid-like rna in solution. | the sedimentation coefficients of the potato spindle tuber viroid, four viroid-like rnas from cadang-cadang-disease, circular rna from velvet tobacco mottle virus, circular rna from solanum nodiflorum mottle virus and double stranded rna5 from cucumber mosaic virus were measured in the analytical ultracentrifuge. the numbers of nucleotides of the rna species varied between 246 and 670. the hydrodynamic models of rigid rods and flexible cylinders were applied for the interpretation of the sedimen ... | 1982 | 7145708 |
| studies on encapsidated viroid-like rna i. characterization of velvet tobacco mottle virus. | velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) isolated from nicotiana velutina growing wild in arid central australia was transmitted by inoculation to a limited number of plant species of which n. clevelandii was the most convenient experimental host. the virus was also transmitted from field-grown plants ton. velutina and n. clevelandii by the mirid cyropeltis nicotianae. vtmov preparations purified by clarification with organic solvents and differential centrifugation contained polyhedral particles abo ... | 1981 | 18635027 |
| studies on encapsidated viroid-like rna. ii. purification and characterization of a viroid-like rna associated with velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov). | a viroid-like rna has been purified from velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) capsids. this rna exists as a covalently closed circular molecule of rna as well as in a linear form with a molecular weight of approximately 1.2 x 10(5). complementary dna (cdna) analysis indicates that the circular and linear forms of the viroid-like rna contain indistinguishable nucleotide sequences and are unique rna species. the viroid-like rna has no nucleotide sequence homology with any other encapsidated rnas an ... | 1981 | 18635028 |
| studies on encapsidated viroid-like rna. iii. comparative studies on rnas isolated from velvet tobacco mottle virus and solanum nodiflorum mottle virus. | solanum nodiforum mottle virus (snmv) encapsidates two unique rna species as shown by 3h-complementary dna hybridization analysis. they are rna 1, a long linear single-stranded molecule with a molecular weight of 1.5 x 10(6) and rna 2 and rna 3 which are circular and linear forms of the same molecule, respectively. electron microscopic examination and thermal denaturation studies indicate a viroid-like structure for rna 2 of snmv. electrophoretic analysis of the viroid-like rna encapsidated by s ... | 1981 | 18635036 |
| studies on encapsidated viroid-like rna. iv. requirement for infectivity and specificity of two rna components from velvet tobacco mottle virus. | neither the virus-like rna (rna 1) nor the viroid-like rna (rna 2) of velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) is capable of independent replication in nicotiana clevelandii. the function of rna 2 for the rna 1 replication could not be fulfilled by conventional viroids such as those of chrysanthemum stunt, citrus exocortis, or the viroid-like rnas associated with avocado sunblotch and cadang-cadang disease of coconut. similarly, rna 2 failed to replicate when coinoculated with rnas of conventional vi ... | 1981 | 18635049 |
| detection, isolation, and characterization of high molecular weight double-stranded rnas in plants infected with velvet tobacco mottle virus. | two species of double-stranded (ds) rna were detected in nicotiana clevelandii infected with velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) which were not present in healthy plants. the ds-rnas were first detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 2 to 4 and about 8 days after inoculation in the inoculated and systemically infected leaves respectively. thereafter the concentrations of ds-rna increased significantly. the vtmov-specific ds-rna was purified from plants 10 to 14 days after inoculation. the ... | 1983 | 18638973 |
| chemical and serological comparison of the coat proteins of velvet tobacco mottle and solanum nodiflorum mottle viruses. | velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) and solanum nodiforum mottle virus (snmv) are serologically closely related as shown by immunodiffusion tests. dissociated vtmov coat protein separates into three electrophoretic components in polyacrylamide gels corresponding to polypeptides with mr's of about 37,000, 33,000 and 31,500, whereas snmv protein migrates as a single component of mr about 31,000. evidence is presented indicating that the vtmov particle is built from a single species of protein subu ... | 1983 | 18639117 |
| isolation of velvet tobacco mottle virus capable of replication with and without a viroid-like rna. | field isolates of velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) induce severe symptoms in nicotiana clevelandii and encapsidate viroid-like rna reported to be essential for virus infection. an isolate of the virus producing only mild symptoms on n. clevelandii and devoid of viroid-like rna has now been isolated from a plant inoculated by a single viruliferous cyrtopeltis nicotianae, the mirid vector. however, after adding viroid-like rna isolated from normal vtmov to the inoculum, the new isolate was show ... | 1986 | 18640583 |
| the in vitro synthesis of velvet tobacco mottle virus-specific double-stranded rna by a soluble fraction in extracts from infected nicotiana clevelandii leaves. | rna-dependent rna polymerase activity was detected in a membrane-free cytoplasmic fraction from the leaves of nicotiana clevelandii 4 days after inoculation with velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov). the amount of enzyme activity was still increasing 8 days after inoculation when virus-induced local lesions were becoming necrotic. rna synthesis in extracts from leaves infected for 7 days proceeded linearly for about 10 min and required all four ribonucleoside triphosphates and magnesium ions. enz ... | 1986 | 18640654 |
| in vivo encapsidation of potato spindle tuber viroid by velvet tobacco mottle virus particles. | when nicotiana clevelandii was inoculated simultaneously with velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) and potato spindle tuber viroid (pstv), replication of the viroid was greatly suppressed. however, both pathogens replicated if pstv was inoculated several days before the vtmov. small amounts of pstv were detected by dot-blot analysis of rna in highly purified vtmov isolated from coinfected plants indicating that the viroid had been encapsidated by the virus particles. moreover, tomato plants which ... | 1986 | 18640657 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of velvet tobacco mottle virus isolate k1. | velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) infects the native australian plant nicotiana velutina, which is endemic to central australia. this virus is included in the genus sobemovirus based on virion morphology and serological relationships. we report here the full genome sequence of vtmov, attained using a genome-walking strategy with both degenerate and specific primers. this sequence confirms that vtmov is a sobemovirus, with the same open reading frame (orf) organisation as other described sobemo ... | 2010 | 20857308 |
| comparison of multimeric plus and minus forms of viroids and virusoids. | in order to investigate the mechanism of replication of viroids and virusoids, we have compared the replication intermediates of three members of each group in nucleic acid extracts of infected plants. viroids were avocado sunblotch viroid (asbv), citrus exocortis viroid (cev) and coconut cadang cadang viroid (cccv). virusoids were from velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov), solanum nodiflorum mottle virus (snmv) and lucerne transient streak virus (ltsv). analysis of intermediates was by the north ... | 1985 | 24310879 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of solanum nodiflorum mottle virus. | solanum nodiflorum mottle virus (snmov) was isolated from a small-flowered nightshade (solanum nodiflorum) in queensland, australia. it has been included in the genus sobemovirus based on virion morphology and serological relationships. here, we report the sequence of the complete genome of snmov. sequence analysis confirmed that snmov has the characteristic genome organization of sobemoviruses. phylogenetic analysis showed that it clusters most closely with velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov), ... | 2017 | 28204895 |
| nucleotide sequence diversity in velvet tobacco mottle virus: a virus with a unique australian pathosystem. | velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov) is a naturally occurring mirid-transmitted sobemovirus of native velvet tobacco (nicotiana velutina) plants in the australian arid zone. we have sequenced the coding region of a typical field isolate of vtmov (isolate i-17-04, satellite-plus) and show that it differed by nine polymorphisms from the previously sequenced atypical ‘satellite-minus’ variant vtmov-k1 (represented here as l-k1-04), while retaining the same genomic and amino acid sequence motifs. we ... | 2014 | 24233651 |
| mutation rate in velvet tobacco mottle virus varies between genomic region and virus variant but is not influenced by obligatory mirid transmission. | genomic mutation in plant viruses of cultivated plants is known to be influenced by virus, host and vector, but the factors influencing mutation in viruses of native plants in natural ecosystems are rarely studied. we have tested the effect of mode of transmission on mutation in velvet tobacco mottle virus (vtmov), a mirid-vectored sobemovirus associated with nicotiana velutina, an australian native xerophyte growing in a region isolated from anthropogenic influences. two variants of vtmov (k1 a ... | 2012 | 22983896 |