| in vitro studies on borna virus. ii. properties of the virus. | successful cultivation and titration of borna disease virus in cell cultures enabled detailed studies of the virus properties. borna virus is labile towards treatment with heat, ph 3.0 and lipid solvents. it is relatively stable at low temperatures and in frozen state. it is easily inactivated by ultraviolet light as e.g. vesicular stomatitis virus. after ultrafiltration studies, the size of the infectious virus unit is between 80 and 100 nm. its buoyant density in cesium chloride is 1.165 g per ... | 1979 | 42376 |
| [comparative studies on the demonstration and formation of serum antibodies against the borna virus]. | | 1978 | 358683 |
| borna--a slow virus disease. | | 1978 | 391478 |
| [diagnosis of and control measures with enzootic encephalomyelitis of swine]. | | 1979 | 433136 |
| multifocal retinopathy in borna disease virus infected rabbits. | experimental infection of rabbits with borna disease virus led in all cases to a multifocal retinopathy that paralleled the clinical neurologic symptoms. the retinal changes always became evident first in the lower anterior quadrant of the eye. infectious virus and antigen were detected in altered and unaltered regions of the retina. individual chorioretinal lesions showed destruction of the pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors and perivascular inflammation close to small choroidal veins. b ... | 1979 | 434068 |
| spread of infectious virus along the optic nerve into the retina in borna disease virus-infected rabbits. | selective damage of the optic nerve of 14 rabbits without interfering with the choroidal blood flow which supplies the retina and without altering the autonomic nerve supply was successfully achieved by xenon coagulation. this procedure interrupted the axonal pathway between the brain and the eye. after experimental infection with borna disease virus the typical disease could be induced. the pathognomonic retinopathy as well as characteristic perivascular choroidal infiltrates, however, did not ... | 1979 | 518303 |
| behavior alterations in tree shrews (tupaia glis, diard 1820) induced by borna disease virus. | intracerebral injection of borna disease virus in tree shrews led to a persistent infection that sometimes resulted in clinical symptoms and/or specific alterations in the animals' behavior. whereas infective virus in the brain and in the serum antibodies were always present after infection, only some of the animals showed signs of clinical disease and behavior changes. animals kept in pairs showed especially obvious behavior alterations expressed as an exaggeration of all the components of norm ... | 1978 | 566371 |
| demonstration of specific antibodies in the central nervous system of horses naturally infected with borna disease virus. | from 18 horses with clinical symptoms of an affection of the central nervous system and with histopathologic alterations in the brain, four were demonstrated to have bornavirus-specific antibodies. the antibodies are monospecific, recognizing identical antigens from infected brains of different animal species as well as from persistently infected tissue culture cells. discrete immunoglobulin species (oligoclonal igg) can be demonstrated in concentrated horse cerebrospinal fluid; they carry borna ... | 1977 | 604728 |
| plaque assay for rabies serogroup viruses in vero cells. | plaque formation in vero cells has been induced with seven rabies serogroup viruses either cocultivated as infected bhk-21 or aedes albopictus cells, or directly cultivated as infected mouse brain. | 1975 | 809472 |
| [demonstration of antigen and production of interferon in rabbits infected with borna virus (author's transl)]. | examinations were carried out on the occurrence of active virus, antigen and antibodies in the brain blood, or resp. of rabbits which were infected intracerebrally with the virus of borna disease as a model of slow viruses. the techniques of the complement fixation and the immunofluorescence were used. furthermore, an attempt was made to demonstrate interferon in the blood serum of the infected rabbits. virulent boran virus was observed two days after the infection and complement fixing antigen ... | 1975 | 1106064 |
| the production and survival of lambs persistently infected with border disease virus. | from 1985 to 1989 lambs persistently infected with border disease virus (bdv) were produced for comparative immunological studies by infecting 57 susceptible pregnant ewes between 50 and 60 days' gestation with moredun or oban strains of bdv. ewes were infected either by injection with virus grown in cell culture or by housing with lambs excreting bdv. there was no significant difference in the outcomes of these different methods of infection. there was a significant difference in the number of ... | 1992 | 1325333 |
| borna disease virus-infected astrocytes function in vitro as antigen-presenting and target cells for virus-specific cd4-bearing lymphocytes. | astrocytes isolated from the brain of newborn lewis rats and an astrocytic cell line were susceptible to infection with the neurotropic borna disease virus in vitro. since astrocytes also have been found to be infected in vivo it seemed appropriate to test this cell type for interaction with a borna disease virus-specific cd4+ t cell line. borna disease virus-infected astrocytes were found to be capable of presenting virus-specific antigen to virus-specific t cells in vitro. however, the respons ... | 1992 | 1349208 |
| borna disease virus-specific antigens. ii. the soluble antigen is a protein complex. | borna disease virus-specific soluble antigen from persistently infected rat brains was purified to homogeneity using preparative sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the soluble antigen is a complex of three proteins with apparent molecular weights of 35 kda, 38 kda and 24 kda. the 35/38 kda antigen double band was separated into its two components. the 24 kda protein has no common epitopes with the 35/38 kda protein. | 1992 | 1375406 |
| no serologic evidence of borna disease virus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. | | 1992 | 1457640 |
| toxoplasmosis and border disease in 54 swedish sheep flocks. seroprevalence and incidence during one gestation period. | serum samples from 704 animals from 54 swedish sheep flocks were analysed by elisa twice during 1 breeding season for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and border disease virus (bdv). an elisa, originally developed for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in cattle, was assessed on sheep sera and the results were compared with those obtained in a virus neutralization test. the correlation between the 2 assays proved good. before breeding, 132 (19%) sheep in 42 flocks ... | 1992 | 1503001 |
| infection with borna disease virus: molecular and immunobiological characterization of the agent. | borna disease virus (bdv), which seems to be distinct from all other known viruses, exhibits a unique mechanism of pathogenesis. this review highlights several aspects of the biology of infection with this virus and summarizes the preliminary characterization of the agent. studies on bdv may help to illuminate several important areas of neurobiology, including the mechanisms regulating the replication of a new type of rna virus in the nuclei of neural cells, the neuroinvasiveness and neurotropis ... | 1992 | 1623080 |
| cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of border disease virus induce polypeptides of different molecular weight with common antigenic determinants. | ten monoclonal antibodies have been raised against lysates of cells infected with cytopathic border disease virus (bdv). these antibodies all recognize non-cytopathic bdv and react with a number of different strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). studies with radiolabelled cell lysates show that all the antibodies precipitate two polypeptides of apparent mr 80,000 and 130,000 from cells infected with cytopathic virus and a single polypeptide of apparent mr 120,000 from cells infected wi ... | 1990 | 1693167 |
| [immune intervention in borna disease]. | borna disease is a naturally occurring meningoencephalomyelitis of sheep and horses. after experimental infection of rats with borna disease virus a biphasic disease with initial gait disturbances and later paresis and paralysis can be observed. the disease symptoms in these experimental animals resemble those of the natural hosts. the disease is not caused by the infecting virus itself but rather by a cd4+ t cell-mediated immune response. after the pathogenesis had been elucidated new strategie ... | 1991 | 1759266 |
| transforming growth factor-beta modulates t cell-mediated encephalitis caused by borna disease virus. pathogenic importance of cd8+ cells and suppression of antibody formation. | borna disease is a virus-induced, immune-mediated encephalomyelitis based on a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. the severity of clinical symptoms after intracerebral infection of rats with borna disease virus was reduced after treatment with transforming growth factor (tgf-beta 2). intraperitoneal injection of the recombinant molecule, rtgf-beta 2, started on the day of infection at a dose of either 1 micrograms given every day or every other day for 8 consecutive days or 2 micrograms eve ... | 1991 | 1940357 |
| atypical dissemination of the highly neurotropic borna disease virus during persistent infection in cyclosporine a-treated, immunosuppressed rats. | in adult rats infected with borna disease virus, the virus was found exclusively in the brain, whereas in cyclosporine a-treated rats, infectious virus was also detected in peripheral nerve fibers and, unexpectedly, in adjacent organ-specific cells. in contrast to untreated virus-infected rats, no major histocompatibility complex class ii expression was found in the brain of cyclosporine a-treated animals. | 1991 | 1985209 |
| borna disease virus replicates in astrocytes, schwann cells and ependymal cells in persistently infected rats: location of viral genomic and messenger rnas by in situ hybridization. | borna disease (bd) is an immune-mediated neurological disease caused by infection of the nervous system with a negative strand rna virus, borna disease virus (bdv). the host range for bdv is broad and extends from birds to primates. a bdv-like agent may cause disease in humans. until recently, bdv-infected neural cells could only be identified immunocytochemically using serum from bdv-infected animals. the advent of bdv cdna clones allowed definition of the relationship between viral nucleic aci ... | 1991 | 2022964 |
| borna disease virus-induced meningoencephalomyelitis caused by a virus-specific cd4+ t cell-mediated immune reaction. | after intracerebral inoculation of borna disease virus (bdv). lewis rats develop a persistent infection of the central nervous system which is pathohistologically represented by perivascular encephalitic lesions predominantly in the grey matter. in previous studies it has been shown that a cell-mediated immune response causes borna disease (bd). in order to define further the immune cell responsible for this immunopathological disease, a bdv-specific t cell line, nm1, was established and culture ... | 1990 | 1979346 |
| [symptomatology and diagnosis of borna encephalitis of horses. a case analysis of the last 13 years]. | in a retrospective study of 38 horses with borna encephalitis which were clinically and histopathologically examined in the "i. medizinische tierklinik" in munich between 1977 and 1990, the epidemiology, the clinical symptomatic and the diagnostic procedures available are presented. indirect immunofluorescence showed antibodies in the serum of 12 out of 29 cases (41%) and in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 17 out of 28 cases (61%). the evaluation of 23 cases in which indirect immunofluorescence ... | 1991 | 2048110 |
| molecular insights into infections of the central nervous system. | | 1990 | 1970189 |
| molecular and immunopathological studies of borna disease virus infection in rats. | borna disease virus is an agent distinct from all known viruses. pathogenesis of its infection is also unique. this review highlights several aspects of the biology of this viral infection and the preliminary characterization of the agent. bdv can be used to answer important questions in neurobiology. these include neuroinvasiveness and neurotropism of viral agents, cd4+ t cell-mediated immunopathology and tolerance in newborn animals to a persistent viral infection in the cns and behavioral dis ... | 1991 | 1930095 |
| borna disease: association with a maturation defect in the cellular immune response. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a negative-strand rna virus which produces persistent infection in a variety of experimental animals. in the rat, the presence or absence of clinical signs of borna disease, a characteristic, biphasic neurobehavioral illness, depends on host-related factors. a window of opportunity exists after birth wherein inoculation with bdv produces a persistently infected rat without signs of borna disease or encephalitis (persistent, tolerant infection-newborn [pti-nb] rat). a ... | 1991 | 1920629 |
| [the development of a purification method for borna disease virus]. | borna disease virus represents an unknown neurotropic agent. it causes encephalitis in horses and sheep. the same or a similar type of virus might be responsible for psychiatric disorders in man. so far, it has been impossible to purify this agent to such an extent that it could be analyzed biochemically or electronmicroscopically. therefore, different conventional virus purification techniques are applied in order to develop a method for obtaining purified borna disease virus from infectious ra ... | 1990 | 2117915 |
| an elisa for detecting pestivirus antigen in the blood of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus. | a monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to detect a pestivirus-specific antigen in leucocytes of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus. a blind trial was conducted to compare the specificity of the elisa with conventional tissue culture virus isolation on blood samples from 58 sheep, aged 3 to 48 months. there was total agreement between the two tests; 27 sheep were shown to be bdv-infected. the elisa od values of the positive sa ... | 1990 | 2157728 |
| intracellular virus-induced polypeptides of pestivirus border disease virus. | intracellular virus specific polypeptides of pestivirus, border disease virus (bdv) in bovine turbinate cells were analysed by radio-immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. eleven viral polypeptides with molecular weights of 220, 165, 118, 84, 66, 58, 55, 53, 45, 37 and 31 kda, respectively, were detected in infected cells. of these, the 165, 118, 84, 66, 58, 55, 53, 45 and 31 kda proteins were found to be glycosylated. comparative studies indicated that the polypeptides induced by bdv share ... | 1990 | 2161595 |
| analysis of borna disease virus-specific rnas in infected cells and tissues. | borna disease virus (bdv) is an infectious agent that causes profound disturbances in motor function and behaviour in a wide range of animal species and possibly humans. the infectious nature of bdv has long been established, but the aetiological agent has not been isolated or classified. recently, we have reported the isolation of bdv-specific cdna clones using subtractive libraries constructed from mrna from infected material. here we describe studies on one of these cdna clones, b8, and confi ... | 1991 | 1895063 |
| experimental pestivirus infections in newborn goat kids. | two experiments were carried out in which 37 healthy newborn goat kids were inoculated with a non-cytopathic ovine (bdv) or a cytopathic bovine pestivirus (bvdv) by intramuscular or intracerebral injection. no kids showed signs of disease or gross lesions which could be attributed to these viruses, but inoculated kids had lower mean growth rates than the controls. significant histological changes in the cns of 14 kids were restricted largely to the white matter and consisted mainly of hypercellu ... | 1990 | 2175318 |
| kinetics of virus spread and changes in levels of several cytokine mrnas in the brain after intranasal infection of rats with borna disease virus. | we have used the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique to gain insight into the pathogenesis of encephalitis caused by borna disease virus (bdv). rna specific for bdv was first detected in the olfactory bulb of intranasally infected rats at 6 days postinfection (p.i.). at 14 days p.i., high levels of bdv rna were found in all brain regions, and at 26 days p.i., bdv-specific rna was also present in the eye, nasal mucosa, and facial skin. in the chronic phase of the disease, bd ... | 1992 | 1731117 |
| immunocytochemical study of the subcommissural organ of rats with induced postnatal hydrocephalus. | the subcommissural organ (sco)-reissner's fiber (rf) complex of rats suffering from postnatal hydrocephalus was investigated immunocytochemically (peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique) by use of an anti-serum against bovine rf. hydrocephalus was induced by injecting kaolin into the cisterna magna or by intracerebral infection with borna disease virus. the kaolin-injected, hydrocephalic male rats were divided into two groups: (1) possessing an open communication between the fourth ventricle and th ... | 1990 | 1704848 |
| isolation and characterization of borna disease agent cdna clones. | borna disease (bd) is a neurologic syndrome characterized by behavioral disturbances and the accumulation of specific proteins in limbic system neurons. a viral etiology has been proposed because bd can be induced in birds, rodents, and primates by inoculation with filtered brain homogenates from animals with bd. we report here the isolation and preliminary characterization of cdna clones from a rat with bd. these clones hybridized to specific transcripts in bd rat brain and arrested in vitro tr ... | 1990 | 1693432 |
| a monoclonal antibody capture elisa to detect antibody to border disease virus in sheep serum. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to detect antibody to border disease virus (bdv) in sheep serum. a monoclonal antibody bound to 96-well microplates was used to capture antigen from detergent-solubilised bdv-infected cells. single dilutions of test sera were then added to wells containing bound bdv antigen and control wells containing uninfected cell lysates. specific antibody to bdv was detected by an anti-ovine igg antiserum conjugated with horseradish peroxidase ... | 1991 | 1659026 |
| case of neurological and behavioral abnormalities: due to borna disease virus encephalitis? | | 1992 | 1631254 |
| antigenic relationship and further characterization of two major borna disease virus-specific proteins. | after immunization of mice with isolated borna disease virus (bdv)-specific proteins having mrs of 38/39k and 24k, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were obtained which were specific for one of the antigens in western blot analysis. however, in immunoprecipitation assays it was found that some mabs of each specificity reacted exclusively with their respective antigen from bdv-infected cells, whereas other mabs coprecipitated the heterologous protein. the relationship between the 38/39k and 24k protei ... | 1992 | 1588316 |
| human infections with borna disease virus: seroprevalence in patients with chronic diseases and healthy individuals. | borna disease virus (bdv) is as yet an unclassified infectious agent which causes a neurologic disease in horses and sheep and is transmissible to other animal species. human sera were tested for bdv-specific antibodies by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. the sera were collected from three thousand subjects in europe, the usa, and africa classified by clinical syndromes/infectious diseases, and from healthy controls. in all three continents, positive serum samples were detected which ... | 1992 | 1578223 |
| monoclonal antibody analyses of cytopathic and noncytopathic viruses from fatal bovine viral diarrhea virus infections. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the two major glycoproteins of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bdv) was used to evaluate the antigenic relationship between cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) viruses isolated from cattle dead or dying from fatal bdv infections. various unrelated bdv isolates were initially screened by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies directed against the 56- to 58- and 48-kilodalton glycoproteins of the virus. a wide spectrum of reactivity ... | 1988 | 2455820 |
| cell phenotypes in the efferent lymph of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus. | the prefemoral efferent lymphatics of sheep persistently infected (pi) with border disease virus (bdv) were cannulated in order to study the effects of the virus on cells of the immune system. efferent lymphocytes recovered from pi sheep were phenotyped using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (moab) specific for ovine cell-surface markers and compared to lymphocytes recovered from normal, healthy controls. pi sheep had an increased percentage of cells expressing the t cell-associated molecules cd ... | 1992 | 1544225 |
| the 24k protein of borna disease virus. | based on partial amino acid sequences obtained from tryptic peptides of the purified 24k antigen of borna disease virus (bdv), we identified and sequenced four independent cdna clones established from bdv-infected mdck cells. each of the clones encodes a polypeptide of 201 residues (mr 22461) that differs considerably from an amino acid sequence published recently. in vitro transcription/translation of both the wild-type and a 5' truncated clone lacking the first atg codon yielded a peptide that ... | 1992 | 1538196 |
| borna disease virus: possible causal agent in psychiatric and neurological disorders in two families. | | 1992 | 1496060 |
| borna disease virus, a negative-strand rna virus, transcribes in the nucleus of infected cells. | borna disease virus, an unclassified infectious agent, causes immune-mediated neurologic disease in a wide variety of animal hosts and may be involved in pathogenesis of selected neuropsychiatric diseases in man. initial reports suggested that borna disease virus is a single-stranded rna virus. we describe here a method for isolation of viral particles that has allowed definitive identification of the genome as containing a negative-polarity rna. further, we show that the viral mrnas are transcr ... | 1992 | 1454837 |
| severe thrombocytopenia in young calves experimentally infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | seven calves between 1 week and 2 months of age were infected with a noncytopathic field isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bdv) in order to evaluate the effect of bdv infection on the concentration of circulating platelets in the blood. all calves were determined to be free of bdv and neutralizing antibodies to bdv before infection. platelet counts were performed on a daily basis over a 30-day period beginning at the time of infection. by 2 weeks postinfection, all calves showed a signific ... | 1989 | 2548007 |
| comparative analysis of monoclonal antibodies against pestiviruses: report of an international workshop. | thirty-three pestivirus strains were grown in cell culture and characterized by immunostaining with 19 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against hog cholera virus (hcv), with 42 mabs against bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and with 13 mabs against border disease virus (bdv). seven mabs reacted with all pestivirus strains tested, eight mabs detected only the seven hcv strains, three detected only the 16 bvdv strains. no mab was found that was specific for bdv. bvdv and bdv strains were broa ... | 1989 | 2549680 |
| characterization of porcine and some ruminant pestiviruses by cross-neutralization. | serologic relationships between 11 pestivirus strains that originated from pigs and five that originated from cattle or sheep were studied by cross-neutralization. experiments were performed with pig and sheep sera raised against the strains. the results were analysed by a computerized taxonomic procedure. the 16 viruses were classified into four distinct serologic groups. all hog cholera virus (hcv) strains were classified in one group; the other three groups consisted of strains that can infec ... | 1989 | 2552645 |
| modulation of the cellular immune responses to t-cell-dependent and t cell-independent antigens in lambs with induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | functional interaction between lymphoid cells and lymphotropic viruses is particularly evident for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in cattle and its closely related virus, the border disease virus (bvdv) in sheep. the most important aspect of acute or chronic phases of bvdv or bdv infection was the host's increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial or viral infection. to study the ability of bvdv to alter the development of the cellular immune responses to concomitant inoculation with t c ... | 1989 | 2552879 |
| antigenic differentiation of pestivirus strains with monoclonal antibodies against hog cholera virus. | thirty-one bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) or border disease virus (bdv) strains and 94 hog cholera virus (hcv) strains were grown in cell culture, and characterized by immunostaining with 13 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and one polyclonal serum (pab) against hcv. all 125 strains were recognized by the pab. none of the bvdv or bdv strains were detected by the 13 mabs. seven mabs detected all 94 hcv strains. six other mabs detected heterogeneity among and within hcv strains. the mabs are usef ... | 1989 | 2560281 |
| sequence similarity between borna disease virus p40 and a duplicated domain within the paramyxovirus and rhabdovirus polymerase proteins. | we report the sequence of a borna disease virus clone (pbdv-40) that encodes a 40-kda protein (p40) found in the nuclei of infected cells. comparative sequence analysis indicates that p40 is distantly similar to two different regions in the l-polymerase proteins encoded by paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses. the p40 sequence similarity indicates a previously undetected duplication in these viral polymerases. phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that the gene that encodes p40 last shared a common ... | 1992 | 1404604 |
| preventive effects of early anti-cd4 or anti-cd8 treatment on borna disease in rats. | borna disease is a virus-induced, immunopathological encephalomyelitis in which cd4+ cells and macrophages dominate the pathological picture. however, significant numbers of cd8+ cells have been morphologically identified in perivascular infiltrates as well. to determine the contribution of different t-cell subsets to the pathogenesis of borna disease, virus-infected rats were treated with monoclonal antibodies specific for cd4+ and cd8+ cells. both types of monoclonal antibodies were able to si ... | 1992 | 1374805 |
| borna disease virus: molecular analysis of a neurotropic infectious agent. | | 1992 | 1291839 |
| [virologically confirmed outbreak of borna's disease in a swiss herd of sheep]. | | 1976 | 1006278 |
| [multifocal retinopathy in experimental borna virus infection in rabbits]. | | 1978 | 743126 |
| purification and properties of an intranuclear virus-specific antigen from tissue infected with borna disease virus. | a virus-specific antigen was extracted from brains of rats and from mdck cells infected with borna disease (bd) virus and purified to homogeneity by immunoaffinity chromatography and hplc. the antigen consists of two components which are almost equal in size (38 000 mol. wt.), and it forms aggregates in its native form. the virus specificity of the two antigenic entities was confirmed by immunoblots with convalescent serum and monoclonal antibodies. immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal ant ... | 1986 | 3080548 |
| in vitro studies on borna virus. i. the use of cell cultures for the demonstration, titration and production of borna virus. | borna virus produces non-lytic infections in a wide spectrum of primary cell cultures and cell lines. the sensitivity and virus yields vary with the different cell systems. accurate virus titrations can be performed in the rk 13 cell line by counting immunoflourescent microfoci between the 5th and 10th day after infection. since the virus is not released from the cells and does not spread via the culture medium, the use of a semisolid overlay in unnecessary in virus titrations. the cell line mos ... | 1978 | 655866 |
| the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits infected with borna disease virus. | rabbits were inoculated intracerebrally with borna disease virus infected brain suspension or tissue culture extracts. in 30 per cent of the diseased animals infectious virus was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the csf had increased numbers of lymphocytes and an elevation of the protein concentration, mainly due to an increase in gamma-globulins, was measured. the gamma-globulins were of oligoclonal character and reacted with a borna disease virus specific antigen of infected brains or ... | 1977 | 597037 |
| [borna virus infection (borna disease) in naturally and experimentally infected animals: its significance for research and practice]. | in this survey article on borna disease-many years after the review of zwick (1939)-again a modern comprehensive summary of "borna disease virus infection" is given. the infection occurs in horses and sheep, furthermore, in laboratory animal species inoculated experimentally; its clinical, virological and neuropathological features have been described in numerous presentations. clinical symptoms in naturally and experimentally infected animals are characterized by initial alterations in the sens ... | 1985 | 3834641 |
| [immunopathogenesis of borna disease]. | an overview of the pathogenesis of borna disease (bd) in rats as a model for the naturally occurring infection in horses and sheep is presented. our findings revealed a virus infection in which a virus-specific t cell-mediated immune response leads to disease. the immune cells capable of mediating this immunopathological reaction were defined as helper/inducer t cells. in all, the described observations indicate that cd4+ t cells and macrophages trigger a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction a ... | 1991 | 1832246 |
| borna disease virus-specific antigens: two different proteins identified by monoclonal antibodies. | a variety of cells originating from different species, including man, can be infected with borna disease (bd) virus. two different virus infection-specific antigens with molecular weights of 24 kd and 35/38 kd (double band) could be demonstrated using antigen preparations from persistently infected cells and rat brains, and polyvalent antisera from naturally and experimentally infected animals. three different monoclonal antibodies were selected. one was specific for the 24-kd protein and two ot ... | 1991 | 2038820 |
| borna disease, a possible hazard for man? | evidence is presented that borna disease (bd) virus, which is known to cause encephalopathy in horses, sheep, and a broad range of experimental animals, or a related agent, can infect man and may induce mental disorders. bd virus-specific antibodies could be demonstrated in 4-7% of sera (depending on origin) from more than 5000 psychiatric or neurological patients from germany, u.s.a. and japan. antibodies from seropositive patients reacted with a bd virus-specific protein translated by rnas whi ... | 1991 | 2069502 |
| determination of immune cells and expression of major histocompatibility complex class ii antigen in encephalitic lesions of experimental borna disease. | after intracerebral infection with borna disease virus adult lewis rats develop a virus-induced immunopathological reaction resulting in severe neurological symptoms and a non-purulent meningoencephalitis. the composition of inflammatory cells and major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigen expression during the course of the infection was investigated using immunocytochemistry with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mab). macrophages and lymphocytes of the t helper phenotype (cd4+) w ... | 1990 | 2085093 |
| borna disease virus-induced retinitis in lewis rats--an immune-mediated retinopathy. | borna disease virus (bdv) infection, naturally occurring in horses and sheep induces a mononuclear retinitis and meningoencephalitis in adult lewis rats. in the pathogenesis a virus-specific cell mediated immune reaction presumably of delayed hypersensitivity type is operative. corresponding to the encephalitic lesions a progressive retinitis with loss of the first and second retinal neuron develops. the inflammatory response is characterized by predominance of macrophages in the early phase of ... | 1990 | 2100191 |
| a blocking elisa to differentiate hog cholera virus antibodies in pig sera from those due to other pestiviruses. | the blocking elisa technique was extended to comparative serology by using 3 different pestivirus strains: hog cholera virus (hcv) alfort strain propagated in pk15 cell line, border disease virus (bdv) aveyron strain in pk15 and bvd nadl** strain in fetal calf kidney (fck) primary cells. rabbit antisera to the alfort hcv strain and aveyron bdv strain were raised for use in the test. a bovine hyperimmune serum to bvd virus was also used for detecting antibodies specific to bvd virus. the elisa wa ... | 1990 | 2163232 |
| molecular characterization of the borna disease agent. | borna disease (bd) is a neurologic syndrome characterized by profound disturbances in behavior and the accumulation of specific antigens in limbic system neurons. the potency of brain homogenates from animals with bd to cause disease in normal animals is reduced by exposure to detergents. we have recently described isolation and characterization of clones derived from the bd agent. here we present evidence that suggests that the bd agent is a negative-sense, single-strand rna virus. the 8.5-kb g ... | 1990 | 2238474 |
| a borna virus cdna encoding a protein recognized by antibodies in humans with behavioral diseases. | borna disease virus (bdv) causes a rare neurological disease in horses and sheep. the virus has not been classified because neither an infectious particle nor a specific nucleic acid had been identified. to identify the genome of bdv, a subtractive complementary dna expression library was constructed with polyadenylate-selected rna from a bdv-infected mdck cell line. a clone (b8) was isolated that specifically hybridized to rna isolated from bdv-infected brain tissue and bdv-infected cell lines. ... | 1990 | 2244211 |
| influence of interferon on persistent infection caused by borna disease virus in vitro. | the effect of interferon (ifn) on infection and maintenance of persistent infection of borna disease (bd) virus in cell cultures was investigated. acutely bd virus-infected primary rabbit brain and rat lung cells produced significant levels of interferon detectable 3 days post-infection in the culture supernatants. rat brain and rat lung cells persistently infected with bd virus produced only moderate levels of ifn over a long period. in contrast, persistently infected madin-darby canine kidney ... | 1985 | 2415673 |
| border disease. virus-induced decrease in thyroid hormone levels with associated hypomyelination. | border disease (bd) was induced in lambs by inoculation of their dams at 50 days gestation with border disease virus (bdv) isolate #31. at birth, the clinically affected lambs had diffuse spinal cord hypomyelination, confirmed by immunocytochemical staining for myelin-associated glycoprotein and myelin basic protein. in the bd lambs, large numbers of thyroid follicular epithelial cells and scattered pituitary cells contained bdv antigen by immunofluorescence staining. double labeling techniques ... | 1987 | 2441139 |
| pathogenesis of borna disease in rats: evidence that intra-axonal spread is the major route for virus dissemination and the determinant for disease incubation. | borna disease virus is an uncharacterized agent that causes sporadic but fatal neurological disease in horses and sheep in europe. studies of the infection in rats have shown that the agent has a strict tropism for neural tissues, in which it persists indefinitely. inoculated rats developed encephalitis after an incubation period of 17 to 90 days. this report shows that the incubation period is the time required for transport of the agent in dendritic-axonal processes from the site of inoculatio ... | 1987 | 2444715 |
| neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus bind to the 56k to 58k glycoprotein. | a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the two major glycoproteins of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bdv) was produced and assayed by serum neutralization, radioimmunoprecipitation (rip) and immunoblotting. based on their viral polypeptide specificity and on their ability to neutralize viral infectivity, the mabs in the panel were divided into three classes: class 1 mabs reacted with the 56k to 58k glycoprotein and neutralized the virus, class 2 mabs recognized the 56k to 58k glyc ... | 1988 | 2447228 |
| axonal transport of borna disease virus along olfactory pathways in spontaneously and experimentally infected rats. | in this study it has been shown that infection of mother rats by borna disease virus (bdv) from infected newborns led to a fatal disease. this differed both in clinical symptoms and in histological alterations from the form of the disease which occurred after intracerebral (i.c.) infection. both parameters were, however, similar to those seen after experimental intranasal (i.n.) infection of adult rats. detailed immunohistological studies showed clearly that after experimental i.n. infection, th ... | 1988 | 2452338 |
| astrocytes and schwann cells are virus-host cells in the nervous system of rats with borna disease. | borna disease virus (bdv) replicates only in cells in the central (cns) and peripheral (pns) nervous system in adult rats. infection of the nervous system is associated with a transient, intense mononuclear meningoencephalitis and immunemediated loss of bdv-infected neurons. the identification of bdv antigen in neurons and the accompanying immunologically-specific lysis of these cells led to the prediction that the cns would be virus-free after the animal had recovered from encephalitis. however ... | 1989 | 2507750 |
| learning deficiencies in borna disease virus-infected but clinically healthy rats. | borna disease (bd) virus, a still unclassified neurotropic agent, causes either fatal encephalomyelitis or persistent asymptomatic infection in a variety of animal species. we monitored the neuronal functions of intracerebrally infected but healthy rats with three types of learning experiments. spatial discrimination learning, using the y maze and the hole board, was significantly less successful in bd virus-infected (i) compared with mock-infected (m) rats. similarly, i rats tended to show a ce ... | 1989 | 2511930 |
| preliminary studies on the biology of borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is an unclassified agent that causes neurological disease in a wide range of animal species and possibly in humans. the infectious nature of bdv has been long established but, despite extensive progress on the pathogenesis of the infection, the aetiological agent is still uncharacterized. recent studies have shown that bdv replicates productively in cultures of foetal rabbit glial cells (frg) which produce a virus-specific protein that is easily detected immunocytochemi ... | 1989 | 2514256 |
| mri in psychiatric patients with serum antibodies against borna disease virus. | | 1989 | 2514436 |
| inhibition of immune-mediated meningoencephalitis in persistently borna disease virus-infected rats by cyclosporine a. | in rats persistently infected with borna disease virus (bdv), severe neurologic disorders and occasional death are the consequences of a t cell-mediated immunopathologic reaction in the brain. it is shown here that the pathologic alterations in the brain and as a result, borna disease (bd) can be prevented if animals are treated with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine a (csa) under the following optimal conditions: greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg/day of csa, started before infection and g ... | 1989 | 2592774 |
| borna disease, a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis as a model for cd4+ t cell-mediated immunopathology in the brain. | a homogeneous t cell line nm1 with borna disease (bd) virus reactivity could be established. the nm1 cells have been characterized as cd4+ t cells. adoptive transfer revealed that this mhc class ii-restricted immune cell is responsible for the immunopathological effect leading to bd, a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis. | 1989 | 2788704 |
| borna disease virus-specific antibodies in patients with hiv infection and with mental disorders. | | 1988 | 2901550 |
| experimentally induced ovine border disease: extensive hypomyelination with minimal viral antigen in neonatal spinal cord. | border disease (bd) was experimentally induced in 9 lambs by inoculation of their dams with the bd-31 strain of border disease virus (bdv) at 50 days of gestation. these ewes developed serum-neutralizing antibody titers to bdv. the diagnosis of bd in their lambs was confirmed by hairy birthcoats, intrauterine growth retardation, tremors, and hypomyelination. three clinically healthy age-matched control lambs, whose dams had been given an inoculum containing only bdv-free cell culture supernatant ... | 1987 | 3032028 |
| borna disease: a persistent virus infection of the central nervous system. | | 1988 | 3051132 |
| [findings with nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in psychiatric patients with and without serum antibodies to the virus of borna disease]. | | 1987 | 3120021 |
| tropism of border disease virus for oligodendrocytes in ovine fetal brain cell cultures. | primary dissociated ovine brain cell cultures prepared from 50- or 140-day-old fetuses were inoculated with border disease virus (bdv). the cells present in the cultures were identified, using immunofluorescence procedures and sera against various cns cell-specific markers. these markers were glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament protein, and fibronectin. double-labeling immunofluorescence techniques for visu ... | 1987 | 3592384 |
| proliferation and differentiation requirements for the induction of two retroviral loci during b-cell activation. | mitogen treatment of murine (balb/c) b-cells induces two different endogenous retroviruses involving two unlinked, presumably proviral, loci bxv-1 and bdv-1. to determine the usefulness of these loci as genetic markers for b-cell differentiation their expression was studied under conditions that interfered with b-cell proliferation and differentiation into igm-secreting plaque-forming cells (p.f.c.). maximum production of both viruses followed peak dna synthesis by an interval of about 18 h. tre ... | 1985 | 3871472 |
| effect of borna disease virus infection on athymic rats. | homozygous athymic nude rats (rnu/rnu) infected intracerebrally with borna disease virus produced relatively high titres of infectious virus in the central nervous system. however, no clinical signs of disease or pathological alterations could be found during a 100 day observation period. in contrast, heterozygous euthymic albino littermates (rnu/+), which were used as controls, reacted in a similar manner to immunocompetent lewis rats. they developed behavioural alterations which coincided with ... | 1985 | 3919150 |
| increase of virus yields and releases of borna disease virus from persistently infected cells. | borna disease virus grows to low titres in persistently infected cells with an infectious particle to cell ratio of 0.01 to 0.05. inclusion of n-butyrate in the growth medium enhances infectivity yields up to 1 log. this effect is time and concentration dependent. in hypertonic medium with an excess of nacl, kcl or na2so4 up to 50% of the total infectious virus yield is released from the cells. released supernatant virus (buoyant density in sucrose rho = 1.22 g/cm3) is more heat stabile than cel ... | 1985 | 3920840 |
| detection of serum antibodies to borna disease virus in patients with psychiatric disorders. | borna disease virus causes a rare meningoencephalitis in horses and sheep and has been shown to produce behavioral effects in some species. the possibility that the borna virus is associated with mental disorders in humans was evaluated by examining serum samples from 979 psychiatric patients and 200 normal volunteers for the presence of borna virus-specific antibodies. antibodies were detected by the indirect immunofluorescence focus assay. antibodies to the virus were demonstrated in 16 of the ... | 1985 | 3922055 |
| borna disease virus. a possible etiologic factor in human affective disorders? | borna disease virus is a unique neurotropic agent that appears to have a predilection for the limbic area of the brain. in some animal species, it can produce a behavioral syndrome characterized by aggressive and passive phases. this syndrome has suggested an analogy to certain human affective disorders. in this preliminary study, we examined the possible involvement of borna disease virus in the etiology of human mood disorders by assaying for virus-specific antibodies in 265 patients with unip ... | 1985 | 3931604 |
| isolation and characterization of a 14500 molecular weight protein from brains and tissue cultures persistently infected with borna disease virus. | a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 14500 (14.5k) was extractable from homogenates of borna disease virus-infected brains and tissue cultures using high concentrations of detergent and salt and by differential centrifugation procedures. the protein, present in an aggregated form, was remarkably resistant to proteinase k. specific antibodies prepared in the homologous system (rat) recognized the 14.5k protein from various sources (infected brain of rat, mouse or chicken, and tissue cul ... | 1985 | 3932595 |
| comparison of bovine, simian and human rotavirus structural glycoproteins. | the structural glycoproteins of calf (bdv 486), human (wa) and simian (sa11) rotaviruses were compared for sensitivity to endoglycosidase (endo) h. the calf and human virus glycoproteins were reduced by approximately 5000 molecular weight in two equal stages. the simian rotavirus glycoprotein sustained only one 2500 molecular weight decrease. the effect of the host cell on the viral oligosaccharide composition was examined. endo h digests of calf rotavirus 82-124 extracted from stool and its pro ... | 1984 | 6086812 |
| endogenous retrovirus expression in stimulated murine lymphocytes. identification of a new locus controlling mitogen induction of a defective virus. | germ line dna from all strains of mice contains numerous endogenous retroviruses. one of these viruses, a virus with xenotropic host range is induced from lymphocytes of most strains by treatment with b cell mitogens. virus induction is amplified by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (brdu) treatment. we report here studies of the genetic control of retrovirus induction from lymphocytes in crosses between balb/ctif mice and noninducible 129/rrj mice. we identify a novel locus, bdv-1, which controls the exp ... | 1983 | 6189943 |
| focus-immunoassay for borna disease virus-specific antigens. | | 1984 | 6207686 |
| light microscope and immunohistological investigations on the brain of borna disease virus-infected rabbits. | we studied the distribution and composition of perivascular cellular infiltrates and the distribution of the virus-specific antigen of borna disease in the brains of rabbits inoculated either intracerebrally or intraperitoneally with infectious virus suspensions. using standard histopathological and immunofluorescence techniques, there was, in all animals, a meningeal inflammatory reaction together with perivenous cellular infiltrates which were most numerous in the structures of the limbic syst ... | 1983 | 6353262 |
| persistent, tolerant or subacute infection in borna disease virus-infected rats. | the rabbit-adapted borna disease (bd) virus strain v was passaged by intracerebral infection of 1-day-old wistar rats. infectivity titres reached 10(8) infectious units per gram of brain 4 weeks after infection. no clinical signs were evident. the persistent infection could be induced with adapted or field strains of bd virus. strains were identified by neutralization tests. the virulence of the rabbit-adapted bd virus for the rat increased with rat passages. the 5th passage induced clinical sym ... | 1983 | 6408221 |
| [detection of surface antigens in borna virus-infected cells]. | | 1984 | 6424642 |
| adaptation of borna disease virus to the mouse. | borna disease virus has been adapted to the mouse, which required at least three passages in rat brains. genetic specificity as studied with five inbred mouse strains was not evident. newborn mice inoculated intracerebrally expressed antigen in neurons and remained persistently infected, with up to 10(7) infectious units per gram of brain tissue. animals infected at different ages developed no disease and had high titres of antibodies. | 1984 | 6436435 |
| borna disease of horses. an immunohistological and virological study of naturally infected animals. | the brains of eight horses that had suffered from natural borna disease were examined with virologic, immunohistological, and electron-microscopic methods. all brains harbored infectious virus as shown by inoculation of experimental animals. regional assessment of the infectivity exhibited the highest titers in the hippocampus and piriform cortex and the lowest in the cerebellum. conventional histology yielded pathologic alterations very similar to those of the classical description of the disea ... | 1984 | 6437125 |
| replication of borna disease virus in rats: age-dependent differences in tissue distribution. | there are age-dependent differences in the tissue distribution of borna disease (bd) virus in rats infected intracerebrally. while in adult rats bd virus replication is restricted to neural cells, in neonatally infected rats infectious virus or viral antigens were found in the cells of most organs. the possibility that differences in the immune status between newborn and adult animals are responsible for different tissue susceptibility could be excluded. | 1984 | 6439986 |
| pathogenesis of borna disease in rats: immune-mediated viral ophthalmoencephalopathy causing blindness and behavioral abnormalities. | borna disease virus is an unclassified agent that causes a rare but fatal encephalitis in horses in germany. in experimental animals the virus causes acute fatal encephalitis in some instances and chronic encephalitis with abnormal behavior in others. in initial studies of the pathogenesis of the latter disease in rats, the virus was shown to replicate only in the nervous system, with the greatest concentration of infectivity in the cerebrum and eyes. viral replication continued indefinitely in ... | 1983 | 6604114 |
| some pathogenetic aspects of borna disease. | | 1983 | 6665127 |
| replication of borna disease virus in cell cultures. | borna disease (bd) virus from infected brain tissue of horses or rabbits could be grown in embryonic brain cells from rabbits or rats with high virus yields. the cells became persistently infected and could be subcultivated without loss of infectivity. cocultivation of infected rabbit brain (erb) cells with gmk-, vero-, or mdck-cells led to persistently infected cell lines. bd virus grown in mdck cells after cocultivation became adapted to this cell type and could be used directly for further in ... | 1980 | 6772932 |
| borna disease virus-induced retinouveitis treated with immunosuppressive drugs. | borna disease occurs naturally in horses and sheep and causes an encephalomyelitis which is fatal. little is known about the etiologic agent. there is evidence, however, that this neutrotropic virus belongs to the conventional enveloped rna viruses. experimentally infected rabbits exhibited a highly reproducible multifocal retinochoroidopathy. clinical, histologic, as well as virologic results suggested that immunologic events gave rise to the characteristic clinical, histologic, as well as viro ... | 1981 | 6910349 |