| polyamino acid induced aphid transmission of plant viruses. | aphids transmitted poly-l-ornithine (plo)-treated tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) when given acquistion and inoculation access periods as brief as 30 s and 2 min, respectively; the ability to transmit was lost within 90 min. aphids without claws were able to transmit the virus. transmission thus seems similar to that of nonpersistent viruses. the ratio of virus to polyamino acid, as well as the kcl concentration, markedly affected transmission. transmission was best from mixtures which contained 250 ... | 1975 | 1467 |
| tobacco rattle virus rna-protein interactions. | for the purpose of attempting to generalize the rules concerning morphogenesis of helical viruses, the in vitro reconstitution of the cam strain of trv was studied. the conditions for reconstitution and the importance of the aggregation state of the protein for initiation and elongation are compared with those of tmv. the initiation step consisting of the binding of rna with the 36s disk of protein was easily accomplished. the polarity and the specificity of encapsidation of trv rna by homologou ... | 1976 | 13428 |
| analytical centrifugation of the disk aggregates of tobacco rattle virus protein. | | 1977 | 14437 |
| cation binding by tobacco rattle virus. | | 1977 | 16380 |
| the effect of protoplast concentration during inoculation on the infection of tobacco protoplasts. | when tobacco protoplasts were inoculated with tobacco rattle virus, the proportion infected was inversely related to the protoplast concentration between 0.5 x 10(5) and 4 x 10(5) per milliliter when the inocula contained phosphate or tris-hcl buffers, but was independent of protoplast concentration when using citrate buffer. the decrease in infection obtained at high protoplast concentrations in phosphate was diminished by increasing the poly-l-ornithine (plo) concentration. at usual plo concen ... | 1978 | 618833 |
| 5'-terminal structure of tobacco rattle virus rna: evidence for polarity of reconstitution. | | 1977 | 835228 |
| further studies on the translation products of tobacco rattle virus rna in vitro. | | 1977 | 855189 |
| revision of estimates of the molecular weights of tobravirus coat proteins. | the molecular weights of proteins from several tobacco rattle viruses (or tobraviruses) have been determined by electrophoresis with 'marker' proteins in acrylamide gels of different strengths. plotting kr, a measure of the effect of varying the gel strength, against molecular weight gave a value of 23,000 +/- 2,800 for tobacco rattle virus (trv) strain cam and similar values for other strains of trv and pea early-browning virus. a value of 21,700 +/- 700 was obtained for trv strain prn by sedim ... | 1975 | 1230454 |
| translation of tobacco rattle virus rna in vitro using wheat germ extracts. | | 1976 | 1258356 |
| proceedings: investigation of the properties of tobacco rattle virus rnas using 125i-labelling techniques. | | 1976 | 1275412 |
| proceedings: in vitro translation of tobacco rattle virus rna. | | 1976 | 1275413 |
| proceedings: aspects of tobacco rattle virus replication in protoplasts. | | 1976 | 1275414 |
| detection of tobacco rattle virus by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. | an assay involving reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction specifically detected tobacco rattle virus rna in extracts of infected plants. it detected a wide range of serological variants and typical non-particle producing nm-type isolates. the sensitivity of the method was sufficient to detect trv rna in 10 ng total nucleic acid from an infected plant, or in a relatively crude nucleic acid preparation from 60 micrograms infected leaf tissue. | 1992 | 1385466 |
| the leaky uga termination codon of tobacco rattle virus rna is suppressed by tobacco chloroplast and cytoplasmic trnas(trp) with cmca anticodon. | rna-1 molecules from tobacco rattle virus (trv) and pea early-browning virus (pebv), two members of the tobravirus group, have recently been shown to contain internal, in-frame uga termination codons which are suppressed in vitro. our results suggest that a uga stop codon also exists in rna-1 of pepper ringspot virus (prv), another tobravirus. uga suppression may therefore be a universal feature of the expression of tobravirus genomes. we have isolated two natural suppressor trnas from uninfecte ... | 1992 | 1396598 |
| plants transformed with a region of the 201-kilodalton replicase gene from pea early browning virus rna1 are resistant to virus infection. | the 3' proximal portion of the gene encoding the 201-kda putative replicase protein from the tobravirus pea early browning virus (pebv) can potentially be expressed separately as a 54-kda protein. nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with the open reading frame (orf) encoding the 54-kda protein, designated 54k orf, were resistant to infection by purified pebv at inoculum doses of up to 1 mg/ml, the highest concentration tested. however, resistance was abolished by the introduction into the 5 ... | 1992 | 1631064 |
| nuclear location of the 16k non-structural protein of tobacco rattle virus. | an antiserum, elicited by a synthetic peptide coupled to bovine serum albumin, reacted specifically with the non-structural 16k protein of tobacco rattle virus. the protein was detected in extracts of systemically infected nicotiana clevelandii leaves, but only in those made with the aid of sds, urea and 2-mercaptoethanol. immunogold labelling of ultrathin sections showed that the protein was mainly associated with nuclei, but was also present in the cytoplasm. these observations suggest that th ... | 1991 | 1831493 |
| a model for the generation of tobacco rattle virus (trv) anomalous isolates: pea early browning virus rna-2 acquires trv sequences from both rna-1 and rna-2. | comparison of the 5'-terminal sequences of several tobraviruses suggests that the rna-2 molecule of the tobacco rattle virus (trv) anomalous isolate tcm arose from pea early browning virus (pebv) rna-2 by acquisition of 3' and 5' sequences from trv rna-1 and rna-2 molecules, respectively. we have identified a region of homology in the rna-2 molecules of pebv, trv and pepper ringspot virus which could have facilitated this recombination. | 1991 | 1856703 |
| tobacco rattle virus rna-1 29k gene product potentiates viral movement and also affects symptom induction in tobacco. | in order to investigate the function of the 29k protein of tobacco rattle virus (trv), we introduced different mutations in the 29k protein gene and analyzed the biological properties of the subsequent transcripts in tobacco plants. although none of the mutant rnas was able to accumulate to a detectable level, the defects in the 29k protein could be complemented by coinoculation with wild-type trv or tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). complementation was also achieved in transgenic plants expressing th ... | 1991 | 2024461 |
| mutation and replacement of the 16-kda protein gene in rna-1 of tobacco rattle virus. | the function of the 16-kda protein encoded by tobacco rattle virus (trv) rna-1 was investigated by a mutational analysis of the 16-kda protein gene. transcripts of trv rna-1 produced from a full-length cdna clone of trv rna-1 (sym strain) remained infectious when the 16-kda protein gene was disrupted by premature termination codons and a deletion which removed 73% of the coding region. a deletion which included the intergenic region between the 29-kda protein gene and the 16-kda protein gene, th ... | 1991 | 2024490 |
| susceptibility to virus infection of transgenic tobacco plants expressing structural and nonstructural genes of tobacco rattle virus. | tobacco plants were transformed with the coat protein (cp) genes and several nonstructural genes of tobacco rattle virus (trv) strains plb and tcm. accumulation of rna transcripts from the integrated viral genes was detectable in all types of transformants. plants expressing cp were resistant to infection with virions of the homologous strain but susceptible to infection with rna of the homologous strain or nucleoprotein of the heterologous strain. no resistance was detectable in plants transfor ... | 1990 | 2309442 |
| pea early browning virus rna1 encodes four polypeptides including a putative zinc-finger protein. | we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of rna1 of the tobravirus pea early browning virus [pebv] from an overlapping series of cdna clones. the 7073 nucleotide sequence contains four open reading frames [orfs]. the 5' proximal orf encodes a 141k polypeptide, and readthrough of the opal [uga] termination codon of this orf would lead to the synthesis of a second, 201k polypeptide. both of these polypeptides have extensive amino acid homology with the putative replicase proteins of tob ... | 1989 | 2495522 |
| probable reassortment of genomic elements among elongated rna-containing plant viruses. | the relationships of genome organization among elongated (rod-shaped and filamentous) plant viruses have been analyzed. sequences in coding and noncoding regions of barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) rnas 1, 2, and 3 were compared with those of the monopartite rna genomes of potato virus x (pvx), white clover mosaic virus (wclmv), and tobacco mosaic virus, the bipartite genome of tobacco rattle virus (trv), the quadripartite genome of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), and icosahedral trico ... | 1989 | 2504930 |
| expression of the 16k cistron of tobacco rattle virus in protoplasts. | an antiserum was raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 18 c-terminal amino acids of a putative 16k protein encoded by the 3'-terminal open reading frame of tobacco rattle virus (trv) rna-1. this antiserum was used to demonstrate expression of the 16k cistron in vivo. trv-infected tobacco protoplasts accumulated similar amounts of 16k protein and viral coat protein but in tobacco plants only the coat protein was detectable. time course experiments revealed that in protoplasts th ... | 1989 | 2705300 |
| genome structure of tobacco rattle virus strain plb: further evidence on the occurrence of rna recombination among tobraviruses. | rna-2 (2196 nucleotides) of tobacco rattle virus (trv) strain plb was found to consist of a 5'-terminal sequence of 1376 nucleotides identical to the 5'-sequence of rna-2 of trv strain psg and a 3'-terminal sequence of 820 nucleotides that is identical to the 3'-sequence of rna-1 of strain plb. thus, in strains plb and psg the same coat protein gene is fused to different rna-1 derived 3'-termini. by combining rna-1 of trv strain tcm with rna-2 of strain plb, a viable pseudo-recombinant was forme ... | 1989 | 2741345 |
| biological activity of transcripts synthesized in vitro from full-length and mutated dna copies of tobacco rattle virus rna 2. | full-length cdna clones of rna 2 of tobacco rattle virus (trv) strain plb have been cloned into the transcription vector ppm1. products of in vitro transcription by escherichia coli rna polymerase, either capped or uncapped, were as infectious as native rna 2 when coinoculated with rna 1 of trv strain tcm. at least 70% of the internal sequence of the cdna could be deleted without reduction of the replication efficiency of the transcripts. sequences of 340 nucleotides at the 5' end and 405 nucleo ... | 1989 | 2815590 |
| characterization of triatoma virus, a picorna-like virus isolated from the triatomine bug triatoma infestans. | some properties of triatoma virus (trv), a picorna-like virus recently isolated from triatoma infestans, have been studied. electron microscopic observations of purified viral preparations showed the presence of non-enveloped viral particles 30 nm in diameter. the sedimentation coefficient of virus particles was about 165s and the buoyant density in cscl was 1.39 g/ml. the viral genome was composed of one single-stranded rna molecule with an mr of 3 x 10(6). three major polypeptides with mr valu ... | 1988 | 3053988 |
| transgenic tobacco plants accumulating tobacco rattle virus coat protein resist infection with tobacco rattle virus and pea early browning virus. | transgenic tobacco plants expressing the coat protein (cp) gene of tobacco rattle virus (trv) strain tcm were found to be resistant to infection with the homologous virus but not to infection with the plb strain of trv. the amino acid sequence identity between the cp of trv strains tcm and plb is 39% and the two cp genes do not cross-hybridize. on the other hand, there is extensive cross-hybridization between the cp genes of trv-tcm and a dutch isolate of pea early browning virus (pebv). the tra ... | 1988 | 3201759 |
| tobacco rattle virus. | | 1986 | 3553062 |
| trna-like properties of tobacco rattle virus rna. | the 3' terminal forty nucleotides of tobraviral rnas readily fold into a tertiary structure, resembling that of tymo- and tobamoviral rnas. the latter rnas possess a trna-like structure at their 3' end that is recognized by a number of trna-specific enzymes (rietveld et al. (1984), embo j. 3, 2613-2619). characteristic for their aminoacyl acceptor arm is the presence of a so-called pseudoknot which we now also find in a corresponding position at the 3' terminus of trv rna2 (psg strain). the nucl ... | 1987 | 3645545 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of tobacco rattle virus rna-1. | the complete nucleotide sequence of tobacco rattle virus (trv) strain sym rna-1 was determined from a series of overlapping cdna clones. cdna prepared by primer extension was used to determine the exact 5' terminus. the rna sequence was 6791 nucleotides in length and contained four open reading frames (orfs). the orf nearest the 5' terminus coded for a polypeptide of predicted mol. wt. 134,000 (134k) and terminated at an opal (uga) stop codon. readthrough of this stop codon would result in the p ... | 1987 | 3668507 |
| rna 2 of tobacco rattle virus strain tcm encodes an unexpected gene. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1210 nucleotides of rna 1 and the complete sequence of 3389 nucleotides of rna 2 of tobacco rattle virus (trv) strain tcm has been deduced. the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1099 nucleotides of rnas 1 and 2 was found to be identical. thus the genome of this trv strain is partially diploid, encoding a 16k protein in both rna 1 and rna 2. the sequence that is unique to rna 2 contains two open reading frames: the coat protein cistron and a cistron for a 29.1k protein, ... | 1986 | 3714489 |
| the nucleotide sequence of tobacco rattle virus rna-2 (cam strain). | the nucleotide sequence of the smaller genomic strand (rna-2) of the bipartite tobacco rattle virus (cam strain) has been determined. rna-2 is capped at the 5' terminus and contains 1799 nucleotide residues. there is a single 223 codon long open reading frame extending from nucleotide 574 to 1242 which designates a protein of mr 23,654. the derived amino acid composition, in percent, matches that previously determined for the virus capsid protein. the long open reading frame is flanked by 5' and ... | 1985 | 3841203 |
| analysis of the genome structure of tobacco rattle virus strain psg. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 2077 nucleotides of genomic rna 1 and the complete sequence of genomic rna 2 of tobacco rattle virus (trv, strain psg) has been deduced. rna 2 (1905 nucleotides) contains a single open reading frame for the viral coat protein (209 amino acids), flanked by 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions of 570 and 708 nucleotides, respectively. a subgenomic rna (rna 4) was found to lack the 5'-terminal 474 nucleotides of rna 2 and is the putative messenger for coat protein. the deduc ... | 1986 | 3960718 |
| some observations on the structure of the campinas strain of tobacco rattle virus. | | 1971 | 4110612 |
| coat protein and symptom specification in tobacco rattle virus. | | 1973 | 4139803 |
| electron microscopic observations on the substructure of tobacco rattle virus. | | 1966 | 4164240 |
| some properties of a bacterial protease with a specific effect on the protein in tobacco rattle virus particles. | | 1974 | 4215865 |
| the structure of tobacco rattle virus ribonucleic acids: nature of the 3'-terminal nucleosides. | | 1972 | 4334782 |
| effect of phosphate on the infection of tobacco protoplasts by tobacco rattle virus. | | 1974 | 4443192 |
| anomalies in molecular weight determinations of tobacco rattle virus protein by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | | 1973 | 4693401 |
| in vitro protein polymerization and nucleoprotein reconstitution of tobacco rattle virus. | | 1973 | 4706710 |
| inactivation and mutagenesis of tobacco rattle virus by nitrous acid. | | 1973 | 4735246 |
| letter: 3'-terminal oligonucleotide fragments of tobacco rattle virus ribonucleic acids. | | 1973 | 4765363 |
| homologous interference between the components of tobacco rattle virus. | | 1973 | 4803399 |
| the role of weed hosts and the distribution and activity of vector nematodes in the ecology of tobacco rattle virus. | | 1973 | 4806460 |
| effects of cycloheximide on the accumulation of tobacco rattle virus in leaf discs of nicotiana clevelandii. | | 1971 | 5166271 |
| comparative studies on some strains of tobacco rattle virus. | | 1970 | 5489230 |
| association of tobacco rattle virus with mitochondria. | | 1968 | 5680006 |
| characteristics of tobacco rattle virus. i. evidence that its two particles are functionally defective and mutually complementing. | | 1968 | 5684819 |
| defectiveness and dependence in three related strains of tobacco rattle virus. | | 1969 | 5764087 |
| assembly of protein and nucleoprotein particles from extracted tobacco rattle virus protein and rna. | protein extracted from tobacco rattle virus by treatment with formic or acetic acid reassociated in vitro to form rings and tubular structures of indeterminiate lengths in 0.25 molar glycine at ph 7.5 to 9.5. when tobacco rattle virus rna that had been extracted with phenol was incubated with the protein at 9 degrees c, particles with more regular lengths formed; these particles correspond in size and sedimentation properties to the short particles that normally accompany infection by tobacco ra ... | 1969 | 5778005 |
| purification and properties of two isolates of tobacco rattle virus from pepper in california. | | 1966 | 5912636 |
| possible relationships of virus-specific products of tobacco rattle virus infections. | | 1966 | 5932842 |
| properties and relationships among rna species from tobacco rattle virus. | | 1967 | 6062177 |
| electron microscope studies of the structure of the disk aggregate of tobacco rattle virus protein. | | 1980 | 6154802 |
| genome reconstitution and nucleic acid hybridization as methods of identifying particle-deficient isolates of tobacco rattle virus in potato plants with stem-mottle disease. | nm isolates of tobacco rattle virus (trv) are perpetuated by the larger genome nucleic acid (rna-1) but do not produce nucleoprotein particles; their identification therefore presents special problems. assays of the infectivity of nucleic acid extracts, and of previously frozen sap, suggested that such isolates occur in potato plants with stem-mottle disease. these isolates were identified by two tests. in the first, trv nucleoprotein particles were produced in plants inoculated with a mixture o ... | 1982 | 6897653 |
| polypeptides induced by tobacco rattle virus during multiplication in tobacco protoplasts. | tobacco protoplasts were irradiated with uv light, inoculated with tobacco rattle virus (trv), and then cultured in media containing 35s-methionine. polypeptides induced by trv infection were detected by page of protein extracts. three 35s-labeled polypeptides (apparent molecular weights 187,000, 142,000, and 31,000) occurred in extracts of virus-infected protoplasts but not in extracts of buffer-inoculated protoplasts. the 31,000 mol. wt. polypeptides co-migrated with trv coat protein in polyac ... | 1982 | 7129824 |
| sequence of rna 2 of a nematode-transmissible isolate of tobacco rattle virus. | tobacco rattle virus (trv) isolate ppk20 is transmitted by paratrichodorus pachydermus nematodes. the factor(s) determining vector transmissibility has been shown to be located on trv rna 2. sequence determination revealed that ppk20 rna 2 contains three open reading frames encoding the coat protein (cp) and proteins with molecular masses of 29.4 and 32.8 kda. the 29.4 and 32.8 kda protein-coding genes showed no significant sequence similarity to any other known tobravirus gene. a full-length cd ... | 1995 | 7595393 |
| antigenic analysis of nematode-transmissible and non-transmissible isolates of tobacco rattle tobravirus using monoclonal antibodies. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against a nematode non-transmissible isolate of tobacco rattle tobravirus (trv-plb). two of the mabs (scr 80 and 81) did not react with the serologically closely related isolate trv-ppk20 (both isolates belong to the prn serotype), which is readily transmissible by nematodes. when further isolates of the prn serotype were tested, all the non-transmissible ones reacted with these two mabs, but so also did some of those that are readily transmissib ... | 1995 | 7782778 |
| a defective movement protein of tmv in transgenic plants confers resistance to multiple viruses whereas the functional analog increases susceptibility. | transgenic tobacco plants that express a gene encoding a defective mutant of the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) movement protein which are known to be resistant to several tobamoviruses were inoculated with viruses from different taxonomic groups to determine the breadth of resistance. there were significant delays in the time of appearance of disease symptoms and/or there was reduced systemic accumulation of virus in upper leaves of plants inoculated with tobacco rattle tobravirus, tobacco ringspot ... | 1995 | 7831786 |
| three tetrahymena trna(gln) isoacceptors as tools for studying unorthodox codon recognition and codon context effects during protein synthesis in vitro. | three glutamine trna isoacceptors are known in tetrahymena thermophila. one of these has the anticodon umug which reads the two normal glutamine codons caa and cag, whereas the two others with cua and umua anticodons recognize uag and uaa, respectively, which serve as termination codons in other organisms. we have employed these trna(gln)-isoacceptors as tools for studying unconventional base interactions in a mrna- and trna-dependent wheat germ extract. we demonstrate here (i) that trna(gln)umu ... | 1994 | 8029002 |
| sequences at the ends of rna-2 of i6, a recombinant tobravirus. | tobravirus isolate i6 is an anomalous strain of tobacco rattle virus (trv), which has biological properties typical of trv, but which is serologically related to pea early-browning virus (pebv). its rna-2 species is a natural recombinant molecule which contains internal sequences, including the particle protein gene, resembling those of pebv, but with some trv-like sequences at each end. sequencing of rna-2 of isolate i6 showed that, at the 3' end, it is almost identical to rna-2 of pebv strain ... | 1994 | 8032256 |
| heterologous encapsidation of recombinant pea early browning virus. | the coat protein gene of pea early browning virus (pebv) was replaced with that of another tobravirus, tobacco rattle virus (trv strain ppk20). the recombinant virus multiplied efficiently in the systemic host nicotiana benthamiana and, on the local lesion host phaseolus vulgaris, produced symptoms typical of pebv rather than trv showing that viral coat protein is not a determinant for lesion morphology. both viral rnas were encapsidated by trv coat protein although the shorter particles (encaps ... | 1994 | 8207406 |
| susceptibility of transgenic tobacco plants expressing tobacco rattle virus coat protein to nematode-transmitted and mechanically inoculated tobacco rattle virus. | transgenic samsun nn tobacco plants expressing the coat protein of tobacco rattle virus were exposed to mechanical leaf inoculation with tobacco rattle virus and to viruliferous trichodorid vector nematodes. whereas plants were resistant to mechanical inoculation the vector nematodes successfully transmitted tobacco rattle virus to the roots as well as to the leaves of these plants. it is suggested that transgenic resistance is overcome either because vector nematodes inject relatively large num ... | 1993 | 8277276 |
| rna-2 of tobacco rattle virus encodes the determinants of transmissibility by trichodorid vector nematodes. | pseudorecombinant isolates produced from an efficiently transmitted and a non-transmitted isolate of tobacco rattle tobravirus were tested for their transmissibility by trichodorid vector nematodes. isolates with rna-2 originating from the non-transmissible isolate were not transmitted by the vector, whereas isolates with rna-2 originating from the efficiently transmitted isolate were transmitted efficiently. it is therefore concluded that the factor determining vector transmissibility is locate ... | 1993 | 8336128 |
| cysteine trnas of plant origin as novel uga suppressors. | we have isolated and sequenced chloroplast (chl) and cytoplasmic (cyt) cysteine trnas from nicotiana rustica. both trnas carry a gca anticodon but beyond that differ considerably in their nucleotide sequences. one obvious distinction resides in the presence of n6-isopentenyladenosine (i6a) and 1-methylguanosine (m1g) at position 37 in chl and cyt trna(cys) respectively. in order to study the potential suppressor activity of trnas(cys) we used in vitro synthesized zein mrna transcripts in which a ... | 1995 | 8524647 |
| features on the surface of the tobacco rattle tobravirus particle that are antigenic and sensitive to proteolytic digestion. | the particle proteins of tobraviruses and tobamoviruses share six sequence motifs, two of which are also present in furoviruses and hordeiviruses. analyses of four different polyclonal antisera to tobacco rattle tobravirus by pepscan revealed that the c-terminal region of the particle protein was immunodominant. the n-terminal region and a central region (residues 110-121) were more weakly immunogenic. these results suggest that these regions are exposed externally on the assembled virus particl ... | 1996 | 8609481 |
| rapid cloning of uncharacterised tobacco rattle virus isolates using long template (lt) pcr. | a rapid method was developed using long template (lt)-pcr to amplify the complete rna2 of isolates of trv for which no sequence data are available. the amplification makes use of a 5' terminal oligonucleotide which contains degeneracies corresponding to the sequences of several different trv isolates, and a 3' oligonucleotide which is complementary to a sequence present in all known isolates. this method was used to show the high degree of sequence homology existing in the terminal regions of tw ... | 1996 | 8690772 |
| serial passage of tobacco rattle virus under different selection conditions results in deletion of structural and nonstructural genes in rna 2. | the rna genome of tobacco rattle virus (trv) is bipartite. rna 2 of the nematode-transmissible trv isolate ppk20 encodes the viral coat protein (cp) and proteins with molecular weights of 29,400 and 32,800 (29.4k and 32.8k proteins). when this isolate was serially passaged in tobacco by using phenol-extracted rna as the inoculum in each transfer, defective interfering (di) rnas rapidly accumulated. a number of these di rnas were cloned. six di rnas had single internal deletions in rna 2 that rem ... | 1996 | 8763997 |
| uga suppression by trnacmcatrp occurs in diverse virus rnas due to a limited influence of the codon context. | we have recently identified chloroplast and cytoplasmic trnacmcatrp as the first natural uga suppressor trnas in plants. the interaction of these trnas with uga involves a cm: a mismatch at the first anticodon position. we show here that trnacmcatrp is incapable of misreading uaa and uag codons in vitro, implying that unconventional base pairs are not tolerated in the middle anticodon position. furthermore, we demonstrate that the ability of trnacmcatrp to promote uga read-through depends on a q ... | 1996 | 8811098 |
| transmission of tobacco rattle virus isolate ppk20 by its nematode vector requires one of the two non-structural genes in the viral rna 2. | tobacco rattle virus isolate ppk20 is transmitted by the nematode paratrichodorus pachydermus. rna 2 of the virus determines vector transmissibility and encodes the viral coat protein and two non-structural proteins with molecular masses of 29.4 kda and 32.8 kda. deletions and a frameshift in the two non-structural genes did not interfere with encapsidation or co-replication of rna 2 with rna 1 after mechanical inoculation of plants. mutations that affected the 29.4k gene or both non-structural ... | 1997 | 9018070 |
| triatoma virus pathogenicity in laboratory colonies of triatoma infestans (hemiptera:reduviidae). | in a survey of wild populations of triatoma infestans (klug) in argentina, 10% were infected with triatoma virus (trv). the virus also was detected in a laboratory colony 18 mo after being established, with infection rates up to 100%. mortality rate was 97.6% in nymphs and the molting process was inhibited, thereby increasing development time. because the virus was detected in colony nymphs. trv may be transmitted vertically. however, the higher infection rate in the colony compared with natural ... | 1997 | 9151486 |
| replication of in vitro tobravirus recombinants shows that the specificity of template recognition is determined by 5' non-coding but not 3' non-coding sequences. | natural recombinant tobacco rattle tobravirus (trv) isolates contain sequences from a different tobravirus, pea early browning virus (pebv). to characterize the sequence requirements for viable recombinant formation hybrid cdna clones of rna2 of pebv and trv were assembled. inclusion of 320 nt from the 5' terminus of pebv or 335 nt from the 5' terminus of trv in the hybrid rnas was sufficient to permit their replication by, respectively, pebv rna1 or trv rna1 regardless of the origin of the 3' t ... | 1997 | 9267011 |
| wheat cytoplasmic arginine trna isoacceptor with a u*cg anticodon is an efficient uga suppressor in vitro. | many rna viruses express part of their genomic information by read-through over internal termination codons. we have recently characterized tobacco cytoplasmic (cyt) and chloroplast (chl) trnacmcatrp and trnagcacys as natural suppressor trnas that are able to read the leaky uga codon in rna-1 of tobacco rattle virus, albeit with different efficiencies. here we have identified a third natural uga suppressor in plants. we have purified and sequenced four cyt trnaarg isoacceptors with icg, ccg, u*c ... | 1998 | 9490782 |
| an onion isolate of tobacco rattle virus: reactivity with an antiserum to hypochoeris mosaic virus, a putative furovirus, and molecular analysis of its rna 2. | a tubular virus from onion was found to react with an antiserum to hypochoeris mosaic virus (hymv), a putative furovirus. sequence analysis of its genomic rnas and further serological tests, however, indicated it to be a tobravirus rather than a furovirus. the reactivity of the hymv antiserum with several isolates of tobacco rattle virus (trv) suggests that hymv itself may be a tobravirus. the deduced amino acid sequences of the putative proteins encoded on rna 2 of the onion virus isolate (on) ... | 1998 | 9687863 |
| nucleotide sequence of both genomic rnas of a north american tobacco rattle virus isolate. | the complete sequence of a north american tobacco rattle virus (trv) isolate, 'oregon yellow' (ory), was determined from cdna and rt-pcr clones derived from the two genomic rnas of this isolate. the rna-1 is 6790 bases and rna-2 is 3261 bases. the sequence of trv-ory rna-1 was similar to rna-1 to trv isolate sym, and differs in 48 nucleotides. trv-ory rna-1 was one base shorter than--sym, and had 47 base substitutions resulting in 12 amino acid substitutions of which 4 were conservative. the rna ... | 1998 | 9739332 |
| similarities in the genome organization of tobacco rattle virus and pea early-browning virus isolates that are transmitted by the same vector nematode. | although sequence data have been obtained for several tobravirus isolates, only two of these isolates are nematode-transmissible. tobacco rattle virus (trv) ppk20 is transmitted by paratrichodorus pachydermus, whereas pea early-browning virus (pebv) tpa56 is transmitted by trichodorus primitivus. to clarify whether differences in the genome structure of these isolates are relevant to the specificity of interactions with particular vector nematodes, or merely reflect a taxonomic difference betwee ... | 1999 | 9934712 |
| the e116 isolate of dutch pea early-browning virus is a recombinant virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of rna2 of the e116 isolate of dutch pea early-browning virus (pebv-d) was obtained from overlapping cdna clones. the rna was found to encode three open reading frames corresponding to, in 5' to 3' order, the coat protein, the 2b nematode transmission protein and the c-terminal part of the cysteine-rich 1b protein derived from rna1. the 3' non-coding region of pebv-d rna2 was also shown to be derived from rna1. this is the first demonstration that recombination o ... | 1999 | 10225277 |
| genetic analysis of large-sized rna 2 species of a tcm-like tobacco rattle virus source from spinach. | rna 2 of a tobacco rattle virus isolate from spinach (trv sp) resembles that of a recently described isolate from onion (trv on), but its orf 3 is much larger. naturally infected spinach apparently contains a second trv sp rna 2 species with a partially deleted orf 3 and an rna 1-like 3'-end which consists of c. 1500 nts and thus is much longer than in any other tobravirus rna 2 sequenced so far. rnas 2 of trv sp and on are closely related to that of trv tcm from tulip, but besides the additiona ... | 1999 | 10226616 |
| nematode transmission of tobacco rattle virus serves as a bottleneck to clear the virus population from defective interfering rnas. | di7 is a defective interfering rna derived from rna 2 of tobacco rattle tobravirus (trv) isolate ppk20. tobacco was transformed with di7 cdna fused to the camv 35s promoter. upon infection of the transgenic plants with trv isolate ppk20 or the serologically unrelated isolate pay4, the transgenic di7 rna started to accumulate at high levels and strongly interfered with accumulation of wild-type (wt) rna 2. when di7 transgenic plants infected with isolate ppk20 were used as source plants in nemato ... | 1999 | 10544090 |
| nonstructural proteins of tobacco rattle virus which have a role in nematode-transmission: expression pattern and interaction with viral coat protein. | rna 2 of tobacco rattle virus isolate ppk20 encodes the viral coat protein (cp) and two nonstructural proteins of 40 kda ('40k protein') and 32.8 kda ('32.8k'). the 40k protein is required for transmission of the virus by the vector nematode paratrichodorus pachydermus whereas the 32.8k protein may be involved in transmission by other vector nematode species. an antiserum was raised against the 40k protein expressed in e. coli and used to study the expression and subcellular localization of this ... | 1999 | 10567661 |
| efficient expression of foreign proteins in roots from tobravirus vectors. | viral vectors were constructed from infectious cdna clones of each of the three tobraviruses, tobacco rattle virus (trv), pea early-browning virus (pebv), and pepper ringspot virus (peprsv). rna2 of each of the three viruses was modified to carry an additional coat protein subgenomic promoter and was used to express green fluorescent protein (gfp) when inoculated to plants. the tobravirus expression vectors have a wide host range and were able to express gfp in, for example, nicotiana species, t ... | 2000 | 10648180 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of triatoma virus shows that it is a member of a novel group of insect rna viruses. | triatoma virus (trv) is the only virus described to date that infects triatomines, and has previously been considered to be a member of the family picornaviridae on the basis of physico-chemical properties. the genome of trv was sequenced completely (9010 nt). analysis of the sequence revealed the presence of two large open reading frames (orfs). the predicted amino acid sequence of orf1 (nt 549-5936) showed significant similarity to the non-structural proteins of several animal and plant rna vi ... | 2000 | 10725445 |
| horizontal transmission of triatoma virus through the fecal-oral route in triatoma infestans (hemiptera: triatomidae). | feces from triatoma infestans (klug) infected with trv showed a large number of well-preserved viral particles when examined by electron microscopy. no viral particles were observed in suspensions of feces uninfected insects. fecal suspensions inoculated parenterally into uninfected triatomines killed the insects within 36 h, showing that infective trv is present in the feces of infected insects. it also is demonstrated that t. infestans becomes infected with trv while feeding on contaminated ch ... | 2000 | 10730499 |
| direct methods for detecting picorna-like virus from dead and alive triatomine insects. | in this work we report four different destructive and non-destructive methods for detecting picorna-like virus particles in triatomines. the methods are based on direct observation under transmission electron microscope and they consist of four ways to prepare samples of presumable infected material. the samples are prepared processing dead or alive insect parts, or even dry or fresh insect feces. the methods can be used as analytical or preparative techniques, for quantifying virus infection an ... | 2000 | 10800189 |
| the nucleotide sequence of indian peanut clump virus rna 2: sequence comparisons among pecluviruses. | the rna-2 molecule of an isolate of the l serotype of indian peanut clump virus (ipcv) was shown to consist of 4,290 nucleotides with five open reading frames (orf). the arrangement of the orfs resembled that in rna-2 of peanut clump virus (pcv) from west africa. the proteins encoded by the orfs in ipcv-l rna are between 32% and 93% identical to those encoded by pcv rna. partial sequence data for the rna-2 of isolates of the h and t serotypes of ipcv show that the coat and p40 proteins encoded b ... | 2000 | 11043946 |
| effects of triatoma virus (trv) on the fecundity and moulting of triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae). | triatoma virus (trv) is a picorna-like virus affecting triatoma infestans (klug, 1834), the most important transmitter of trypanosoma cruzi in south america. the subjects of the present, laboratory study were the longevity and oviposition of female tri. infestans, from stocks with and without viral infection, and the survivorship and developmental time of their progeny through to second-instar nymphs. on average, adult females from an infected stock lived only a third as long as those from the u ... | 2000 | 11064765 |
| tobravirus 2b protein acts in trans to facilitate transmission by nematodes. | analysis of rna2 of trv pay4 showed it to be recombinant, carrying 3'-terminal sequences derived from rna1. virus produced using an infectious cdna clone of pay4 rna2 was nematode transmissible, demonstrating that natural trv recombinant isolates are not necessarily defective. mutations introduced into pay4 rna2 showed that the 2b gene, but not the 2c gene, is required for transmission by both paratrichodorus pachydermus and p. anemones nematodes. experiments examined whether infection of plants ... | 2001 | 11162804 |
| technical advance. tobacco rattle virus as a vector for analysis of gene function by silencing. | virus vectors carrying host-derived sequence inserts induce silencing of the corresponding genes in infected plants. this virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is a manifestation of an rna-mediated defence mechanism that is related to post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) in transgenic plants. here we describe an infectious cdna clone of tobacco rattle virus (trv) that has been modified to facilitate insertion of non-viral sequence and subsequent infection to plants. we show that this vector ... | 2001 | 11169199 |
| a tertiary structure model of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) for methionine-independent initiation of translation. | cricket paralysis-like viruses have a dicistronic positive-strand rna genome. these viruses produce capsid proteins through internal ribosome entry site (ires)-mediated translation. the ires element of one of these viruses, plautia stall intestine virus (psiv), forms a pseudoknot immediately upstream from the capsid coding sequence, and initiates translation from other than methionine. previously, we estimated that the ires element of psiv consists of seven stem-loops using the program mfold; ho ... | 2001 | 11233983 |
| sde3 encodes an rna helicase required for post-transcriptional gene silencing in arabidopsis. | post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) provides protection in plants against virus infection and can suppress expression of transgenes. arabidopsis plants carrying mutations at the sde3 locus are defective in ptgs mediated by a green fluorescent protein transgene. however, ptgs mediated by tobacco rattle virus (trv) was not affected by sde3. from these results we conclude that sde3, like the previously described rna polymerase encoded by sde1, acts at a stage in the mechanism that is circumv ... | 2001 | 11296239 |
| a comparison of the solution structures of tobacco rattle and tobacco mosaic viruses from raman optical activity. | vibrational raman optical activity (roa) spectra of tobacco rattle virus (trv) and tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) were measured and compared with a view to obtaining new information about the coat protein subunit structure of trv. a sharp strong positive band observed at approximately 1344 cm(-1) in the roa spectra of the two viruses is evidence that both contain a significant amount of a hydrated form of alpha-helix, but more in trv than in tmv. although the roa spectrum of tmv shows significant po ... | 2001 | 11369896 |
| collateral gene expression changes induced by distinct plant viruses during the hypersensitive resistance reaction in chenopodium amaranticolor. | hypersensitive reactions to plant diseases are typically mediated by r genes. many r genes that have been cloned only confer resistance to a particular pathogen. however, chenopodium spp. have multivirus hypersensitive resistance, thus making the understanding of this broad-spectrum resistance mechanism attractive. using tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) tagged with green fluorescent protein to follow infection over time, cdna-aflp to find genes up-regulated during virus infection in c. amaranticolor a ... | 2001 | 11439122 |
| a cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) rna 1 transgene mediates suppression of the homologous viral rna 1 constitutively and prevents cmv entry into the phloem. | resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) in tobacco lines transformed with cmv rna 1 is characterized by reduced virus accumulation in the inoculated leaf, with specific suppression of accumulation of the homologous viral rna 1, and by the absence of systemic infection. we show that the suppression of viral rna 1 occurs in protoplasts from resistant transgenic plants and therefore is not due to a host response activated by the cell-to-cell spread of virus. in contrast, suppression of tobacco ra ... | 2001 | 11533175 |
| polymerization of tobacco rattle virus protein. | | 1973 | 11946915 |
| cowpea mosaic virus 32- and 60-kilodalton replication proteins target and change the morphology of endoplasmic reticulum membranes. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) replicates in close association with small membranous vesicles that are formed by rearrangements of intracellular membranes. to determine which of the viral proteins are responsible for the rearrangements of membranes and the attachment of the replication complex, we have expressed individual cpmv proteins encoded by rna1 in cowpea protoplasts by transient expression and in nicotiana benthamiana plants by using the tobacco rattle virus (trv) expression vector. the 32-k ... | 2002 | 12021362 |
| tobacco rar1, eds1 and npr1/nim1 like genes are required for n-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. | the tobacco n gene confers resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and encodes a toll-interleukin-1 receptor/nucleotide binding site/leucine-rich repeat (tir-nbs-lrr) class protein. we have developed and used a tobacco rattle virus (trv) based virus induced gene silencing (vigs) system to investigate the role of tobacco candidate genes in the n-mediated signalling pathway. to accomplish this we generated transgenic nicotiana benthamiana containing the tobacco n gene. the transgenic lines exhibi ... | 2002 | 12028572 |
| silencing of a gene encoding a protein component of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem ii enhances virus replication in plants. | it has been suggested that, in addition to viral proteins, host proteins are involved in rna virus replication. in this study the rna helicase domain of the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) replicase proteins was used as bait in the yeast two-hybrid system to identify tobacco proteins with a putative role in tmv replication. two host proteins were characterized. one protein (designated #3) belongs to a protein family of atpases associated with various activities (aaa), while the second host protein (d ... | 2002 | 12033790 |
| triatoma patagonica (hemiptera, reduviidae), a new host for triatoma virus. | previous authors demonstrated that triatoma virus (trv) is able to infect several species of triatomines when injected with viral inoculum obtained from its original host, t. infestans. both vertical (transovarian) and horizontal (faecal-oral) mechanisms of viral transmission were also described. in this paper we report the experimental trv infection of a wild species from southern argentina, t. patagonica. the inoculum consisted of clarified gut contents of infected t. infestans rubbed on the c ... | 2002 | 12048578 |
| inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus replication in lateral roots is dependent on an activated meristem-derived signal. | viral invasion of the root system of nicotiana benthamiana was studied noninvasively with a tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) vector expressing the green-fluorescent protein (gfp). lateral root primordia, which developed from the pericycle of primary roots, became heavily infected as they emerged from the root cortex. however, following emergence, a progressive wave of viral inhibition occurred that originated in the lateral-root meristem and progressed towards its base. excision of source and sink tis ... | 2002 | 12099219 |