| virus diseases of berry crops in the soviet far east i. identification of some mechanically transmitted viruses, detected in primorye territory. | in primorye territory, ussr, cucumber mosaic virus (cmv-i), arabis mosaic virus (amv), raspberry, ringspot virus (rrsv), and tomato ringspot virus (trsv) were identified on berry crops (currant, raspberry, honeysuckel). with respect to indicator plants and physico-chemical and serological properties, the isolates obtained do not differ from other isolates of these viruses, reported on berry crops in europe and north america. | 1977 | 610231 |
| cross-reacting and heterospecific monoclonal antibodies produced against arabis mosaic nepovirus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against arabis mosaic nepovirus (amv). a hybridoma screening procedure was applied which involved the testing of culture supernatants, before the hybridomas were cloned to single cell lines, for their reaction with eight nepoviruses [amv, cherry leafroll virus (clrv), grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv), peach rosette mosaic virus, raspberry ringspot virus (rrsv), tobacco ringspot virus, tomato black ring virus (tbrv) and tomato ringspot virus]. in addition ... | 1992 | 1402798 |
| cdna cloning and analysis of rna 2 of a prunus stem pitting isolate of tomato ringspot virus. | recombinant plasmids containing sequences derived from the genome of a tomato ringspot virus (tomrsv) isolate associated with both stem pitting disease of stone fruits and apple union necrosis and decline were constructed. selected inserts were subcloned into the polylinker region of the sp6 transcription vector psp64. using the sp6 promoter flanking this region, high specific activity 32p-labelled crna probes were generated by sp6 rna polymerase. crna probes were specific for tomrsv rna 2 prese ... | 1991 | 1791854 |
| nucleotide sequence of tomato ringspot virus rna-2. | the sequence of tomato ringspot virus (tomrsv) rna-2 has been determined. it is 7273 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' poly(a) tail and contains a single long open reading frame (orf) of 5646 nucleotides in the positive sense beginning at position 78 and terminating at position 5723. a second in-frame aug at position 441 is in a more favourable context for initiation of translation and may act as a site for initiation of translation. the tomrsv rna-2 3' noncoding region is 1550 nucleotides ... | 1991 | 1856689 |
| comparison of the 5' and 3' termini of tomato ringspot virus rna1 and rna2: evidence for rna recombination. | the sequences of the 5' terminal 1140 and 3' terminal 1546 nt of tomato ringspot virus (tomrsv) rna1 have been determined. these sequences share a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity with the previously determined tomrsv rna2 sequence. eighty-eight percent of the 5' terminal 907 nt of tomrsv rna1 and rna2 contain identical nucleotide residues; the first 459 nt are identical at all positions, whereas the next 447 nt are identical at only 75.8% of the nucleotide positions. the region of ... | 1991 | 1926788 |
| two nucleic acid-containing components of tomato ringspot virus. | | 1974 | 4818681 |
| chemical composition and biophysical properties of tomato ringspot virus. | | 1968 | 5652672 |
| possibilities for inter- and intracellular translocation of some icosahedral plant viruses. | southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv) and tomato ringspot virus (tomrv) were compared with regard to possible ways of inter- and intracellular translocation. the pore complexes in the nuclear membranes of nuclei in leaf palisade and mesophyll cells of several plant species commonly used in plant virus research were studied. the pore structure resembled that earlier described. the diameter of the pores was great enough to allow icosahedral plant viruses between 25 and 30 mmicro wide to move through. ... | 1969 | 5765766 |
| purification and properties of tomato ringspot virus and an rna-deficient component. | | 1966 | 5943536 |
| expression of the tomato ringsport nepovirus movement and coat proteins in protoplasts. | tomato ringspot nepovirus (tomrsv) produces a 45 kda movement protein and a 58 kda coat protein in infected plants. accumulation of the movement protein in relation to that of the coat protein was studied in infected protoplasts using a monoclonal antibody against the movement protein and polyclonal antibodies against the coat protein. unlike most other viral movement proteins, the tomrsv movement protein was present at late stages of infection. pulse-chase labelling experiments revealed that th ... | 1995 | 7561768 |
| characterization and subcellular localization of tomato ringspot nepovirus putative movement protein. | sequence comparison of the tomato ringspot nepovirus (tomrsv) genome with related viruses suggested that the region of the rna-2-encoded polyprotein immediately upstream of the coat protein may be involved in the cell-to-cell movement of the virus (rott et al., 1991, j. gen. virol. 72, 1505-1514). to further study the role of this portion of the genome, monoclonal antibodies against the putative movement protein were raised. western blots of plant extracts allowed the detection of a viral nonstr ... | 1993 | 7684875 |
| nucleotide sequence of tomato ringspot virus rna1. | the nucleotide sequence of tomato ringspot nepovirus (tomrsv) rna1 has been determined. tomrsv rna1 is 8214 nucleotides in length, excluding the 3' poly(a) tail, and contains a single long open reading frame (orf) of 6591 nucleotides beginning at the first aug codon at nucleotide position 78. this orf accounts for 80% of the rna1 sequence and would give rise to a polyprotein with a predicted molecular mass of 244 kda. amino acid sequence comparisons between portions of the tomrsv rna1-encoded po ... | 1995 | 7844569 |
| sequence analysis of the 3' termini of rna1 and rna2 of blueberry leaf mottle virus. | the 3' termini of rna1 and rna2 of blueberry leaf mottle virus (bblmv) were cloned and the cdna sequence of a portion of the putative polymerase gene, the complete coat protein (cp) gene, and the 3' non-coding regions was determined. the n terminus of the coat protein gene was precisely located by comparison with the amino acid sequence determined by the edman degradation sequencing of the purified coat protein. the coat protein gene encoded a polypeptide of 521 amino acids with a predicted m(r) ... | 1994 | 7975879 |
| characterization of the coat protein gene of mite-transmitted blackcurrant reversion associated nepovirus. | the nucleotide sequence of the 3' terminal 3105 nucleotides (nt) of rna2 of blackcurrant reversion associated virus (brav), the first mite-transmitted member of the nepovirus group, has been determined. the sequence contains an open reading frame of 1744 nt in the virus-sense strand, a 3' untranslated region of 1360 nt and a 3' poly(a) tail. analysis of the amino-terminal residues of purified coat protein (cp) suggests that the cp gene is located between nts 1361 and 2959 (from the 3' terminus) ... | 1998 | 9617765 |
| genomic organization of rna2 of tomato ringspot virus: processing at a third cleavage site in the n-terminal region of the polyprotein in vitro. | the proteinase of tomato ringspot virus (genus nepovirus) is responsible for proteolytic cleavage of the rna2-encoded polyprotein (p2) at two cleavage sites, allowing definition of the domains for the movement protein (mp) and coat protein. in this study, we have characterized a third cleavage site in the n-terminal region of p2 using an in vitro processing assay and partial cdna clones. results from site-directed mutagenesis of putative cleavage sites suggest that cleavage occurs at dipeptide q ... | 2001 | 11413391 |
| expression and partial purification of recombinant tomato ringspot nepovirus 3c-like proteinase: comparison of the activity of the mature proteinase and the vpg-proteinase precursor. | the 3c-like proteinase (pro) from tomato ringspot virus (genus nepovirus) is responsible for the processing of the rna1-encoded (p1) and rna2-encoded (p2) polyproteins. cleavage between the vpg and pro domains is inefficient in vitro and in e. coli, resulting in the accumulation of the vpg-pro. in this study, we have compared the trans-activity of the pro and vpg-pro on various p1- and p2-derived precursors. recombinant pro and vpg-pro were partially purified using an e. coli expression system. ... | 2001 | 11551656 |
| cloning and sequencing of the coat protein gene of tobacco ringspot virus isolates from uk and iran. | the coat protein (cp) gene and the 3' untranslated region (utr) of genomic rna 2 of tobacco ringspot virus (trsv, the genus nepovirus, subgroup a) isolates from the uk and iran were cloned from total viral rna and sequenced. comparison of these isolates with an isolate from the usa revealed a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid identity which extends the knowledge of molecular relationships between these three trsv isolates. the uk isolate shared the highest nucleotide identity (95%) with t ... | 2001 | 12083332 |
| interaction in vitro between the proteinase of tomato ringspot virus (genus nepovirus) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor iso4e from arabidopsis thaliana. | eukaryotic initiation factor eif(iso)4e binds to the cap structure of mrnas leading to assembly of the translation complex. this factor also interacts with the potyvirus vpg and this interaction has been correlated with virus infectivity. in this study, we show an interaction between eif(iso)4e and the proteinase (pro) of a nepovirus (tomato ringspot virus; torsv) in vitro. the torsv vpg did not interact with eif(iso)4e although its presence on the vpg-pro precursor increased the binding affinit ... | 2002 | 12124472 |
| tomato ringspot virus proteins containing the nucleoside triphosphate binding domain are transmembrane proteins that associate with the endoplasmic reticulum and cofractionate with replication complexes. | replication of all known positive-strand rna viruses occurs in replication complexes associated with intracellular membranes. the putative nucleoside triphosphate binding (ntb) protein of tomato ringspot virus (torsv) contains a stretch of hydrophobic residues at its c terminus, suggesting that it may act as a membrane anchor for the replication complex. anti-ntb antibodies detected two predominant proteins in membrane-enriched fractions (the 66-kda ntb and 69-kda ntb-vpg proteins) along with ot ... | 2003 | 12477857 |
| particle size and shape of purified tomato-ringspot virus. | | 1954 | 13195672 |
| development of degenerate and species-specific primers for the differential and simultaneous rt-pcr detection of grapevine-infecting nepoviruses of subgroups a, b and c. | based on the nucleotide sequence homology of rna-1 and rna-2 of nepoviruses isolated from grapevines, three sets of degenerate primers, one for each of the three subgroups of the genus (a, b and c), were designed and proved effective for rt-pcr detection of subgroups in infected grapevines and herbaceous hosts. primers designed specifically for detecting subgroup a species amplified a fragment of 255 bp from samples infected by grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv), arabis mosaic virus (armv), tobacco ... | 2007 | 17187868 |
| peripheral association of a polyprotein precursor form of the rna-dependent rna polymerase of tomato ringspot virus with the membrane-bound viral replication complex. | replication of tomato ringspot virus (torsv) occurs in association with endoplasmic reticulum (er)-derived membranes. we have previously shown that the putative nucleotide triphosphate-binding protein (ntb) of torsv is an er-targeted protein and that an intermediate polyprotein containing the domains for ntb and for the genome-linked viral protein (vpg) is associated with the replication complex. we now report the detection of a 95-kda polyprotein that contains the domains for the rna-dependent ... | 2007 | 17658576 |
| recovery of nicotiana benthamiana plants from a necrotic response induced by a nepovirus is associated with rna silencing but not with reduced virus titer. | recovery of plants from virus-induced symptoms is often described as a consequence of rna silencing, an antiviral defense mechanism. for example, recovery of nicotiana clevelandii from a nepovirus (tomato black ring virus) is associated with a decreased viral rna concentration and sequence-specific resistance to further virus infection. in this study, we have characterized the interaction of another nepovirus, tomato ringspot virus (torsv), with host defense responses during symptom induction an ... | 2007 | 17728227 |
| characterization of proteinase cleavage sites in the n-terminal region of the rna1-encoded polyprotein from arabis mosaic virus (subgroup a nepovirus). | arabis mosaic virus is a subgroup a nepovirus. the rna1-encoded polyprotein (p1) contains the domains for the ntp-binding protein (ntb), vpg, proteinase (pro) and polymerase at its c-terminus. putative cleavage sites delineating these domains have been proposed. however, the number and location of cleavage sites upstream of the ntb domain are not known. using in vitro processing assays, we have confirmed proteolytic cleavage at the ntb-vpg and vpg-pro sites. in addition, we have identified two c ... | 2008 | 18308360 |
| comparison of low-density arrays, rt-pcr and real-time taqman rt-pcr in detection of grapevine viruses. | low-density arrays (lda) have been designed based on the real-time rt-pcr (taqman) assays for the specific detection of 13 viruses that infect grapevines in addition to the housekeeping gene 18s rrna. the viruses included in the study are grapevine leafroll associated viruses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 9, grapevine leafroll associated virus-2 redglobe (glrav-2rg) strain, ruspestris stem pitting associated virus, grapevine vitivirus a, grapevine vitivirus b, grapevine fanleaf virus, tomato ringspot virus ... | 2008 | 18329731 |
| bentonite aids virus transmission. | the addition of 0.1-1% bentonite to crude sap of erigeron glaucus containing tomato ringspot virus increased transmission of the virus to bean, but similar amounts of bentonite to the same inoculum decreased transmission to cucumber and cowpea. addition of bentonite to crude inoculum of this virus in cucumber, bean, and cowpea reduced transmission to cucumber, bean, and cowpea. bentonite decreased transmission to cowpea of cucumber mosaic virus from young cucumber but increased transmission from ... | 1966 | 18611479 |
| localization of transmissible and nontransmissible viruses in the vector nematode xiphinema americanum. | abstract the inner lining of the food canal of nematodes that transmit plantinfecting viruses is regarded as the retention region of viruses. to characterize the location of transmissible and nontransmissible viruses in the vector nematode xiphinema americanum, three nepoviruses, tobacco ringspot virus (trsv), tomato ringspot virus(tomrsv), and cherry leaf roll virus(clrv), and one non-nematode-transmissible virus, squash mosaic virus (sqmv), were evaluated for transmission efficiency and locali ... | 2002 | 18944262 |
| the use of collagenase to improve the detection of plant viruses in vector nematodes by rt-pcr. | tomato ringspot virus (torsv), tobacco ringspot virus (trsv) and tobacco rattle virus (trv) are transmitted to healthy plants by viruliferous nematodes in the soil. a method was developed for extraction of genomic viral rna from virus particles carried within nematodes and a sensitive nested rt-pcr detection assay. the procedure has been adapted to microscale for handling multiple samples. this assay is effective for detection of torsv or trsv in xiphinema americanum or trv in paratrichodorus al ... | 2009 | 18992280 |
| transmission of nepoviruses by xiphinema americanum-group nematodes. | the transmission of north american nepoviruses by putative species belonging to the xiphinema americanum-group is reviewed. xiphinema americanum sensu stricto, x. californicum, and x. rivesi each transmit cherry rasp leaf (crlv), tobacco ringspot (tobrsv), and tomato ringspot nepovirus (tomrsv), and x. bricolensis is a vector of tomrsv. the apparent lack of specificity in the transmission of north american nepoviruses by x. americanum-group species markedly contrasts with the specific associatio ... | 1993 | 19279778 |
| vector capability of xiphinema americanum sensu lato in california. | seven field populations of xiphinema americanum sensu lato from california's major agronomic areas were tested for their ability to transmit two nepoviruses, including the prune brownline, peach yellow bud, and grapevine yellow vein strains of tomato ringspot virus and the bud blight strain of tobacco ringspot virus. two field populations transmitted all isolates, one population transmitted all tomato ringspot virus isolates but failed to transmit bud blight strain of tobacco ringspot virus, and ... | 1989 | 19287647 |
| tests for transmission of prunus necrotic ringspot and two nepoviruses by criconemella xenoplax. | in two of three trials, detectable color reactions in elisa for prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) were observed for criconemella xenoplax handpicked from the root zone of infected peach trees. criconemella xenoplax (500/pot) handpicked from root zones of peach trees infected with pnrsv failed to transmit the virus to cucumber or peach seedlings. the nematode also failed to transmit tomato ringspot (tomrsv) or tobacco ringspot viruses between cucumbers, although xiphinema americanum transmit ... | 1990 | 19287748 |
| transmission of tomato ringspot virus by xiphinema americanum and x. rivesi from new york apple orchards. | populations of xiphinema americanum and x. rivesi were collected from apple orchards in eastern and western new york and tested in the laboratory for ability to transmit tomato ringspot virus (tmrsv) to cucumber and dandelion. populations varied in the frequency with which they transmitted tmrsv, but this variation did not correspond to variation in disease prevalence in the orchard. the lower prevalence of tmrsv-incited disease in apple trees in western new york cannot be attributed to inabilit ... | 1988 | 19290213 |
| morphological comparisons between xiphinema rivesi daimasso and x. americanum cobb populations from the eastern united states. | though in the past xiphinema americanum has been the most commonly reported dagger nematode in the eastern united states, our studies revealed the presence in pennsvlvania of a previously unrecognized and unreported species related to x. americanum, morphometric data and photomicrographs establish the identity of this form as x. rivesi and show expected variations in populations of this species from various locations. similar data and illustrations are given for x. americanum populations from pe ... | 1982 | 19295745 |
| insertion of large amino acid repeats and point mutations contribute to a high degree of sequence diversity in the x4 protein of tomato ringspot virus (genus nepovirus). | | 2009 | 19768365 |
| salicylic acid-dependent restriction of tomato ringspot virus spread in tobacco is accompanied by a hypersensitive response, local rna silencing, and moderate systemic resistance. | tomato ringspot virus (torsv, a nepovirus sp.) systemically infects many herbaceous plants. viral rna accumulates in symptomatic leaves and in young, asymptomatic leaves that emerge late in infection. here, we show that systemic infection by torsv is restricted in tobacco. after an initial hypersensitive response in inoculated leaves, only a few plants showed limited systemic symptoms. viral rna did not usually accumulate to detectable levels in asymptomatic leaves. torsv-derived small-interferi ... | 2011 | 21281112 |
| cryotherapy as a method for reducing the virus infection of apples (malus sp.). | there is an urgent need in kazakhstan for virus-free nursery stock to reinvigorate the industry and preserve historic cultivars. an in vitro collection of apples could be used for virus testing and elimination and to provide virus-free elite stock plants to nurseries. | 2016 | 26964019 |
| a strain-specific segment of the rna-dependent rna polymerase of grapevine fanleaf virus determines symptoms in nicotiana species. | factors involved in symptom expression of viruses from the genus nepovirus in the family secoviridae such as grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv) are poorly characterized. to identify symptom determinants encoded by gflv, infectious cdna clones of rna1 and rna2 of strain ghu were developed and used alongside existing infectious cdna clones of strain f13 in a reverse genetics approach. in vitro transcripts of homologous combinations of rna1 and rna2 induced systemic infection in nicotiana benthamiana a ... | 2013 | 24088345 |
| mesoporous silicon with modified surface for plant viruses and their protein particle sensing. | changes in electric parameters of a mesoporous silicon treated by a plasma chemical etching with fluorine and hydrogen ions, under the adsorption of nepo (nematodetransmitted polyhedral) plant viruses such as torsv (tomato ringspot virus), gflv (grapevine fan leaf virus) and protein macromolecule from torsv particles are described. the current response to the applied voltage is measured for each virus particle to investigate the material parameters which are sensitive to the adsorbed particles. ... | 2008 | 27873867 |
| characterization of a non-canonical signal peptidase cleavage site in a replication protein from tomato ringspot virus. | the ntb-vpg polyprotein from tomato ringspot virus is an integral membrane replication protein associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes. a signal peptidase (spase) cleavage was previously detected in the c-terminal region of ntb-vpg downstream of a 14 amino acid (aa)-long hydrophobic region (termed tm2). however, the exact location of the cleavage site was not determined. using in vitro translation assays, we show that the spase cleavage site is conserved in the ntb-vpg protein from vario ... | 2016 | 27589230 |
| genetic divergence of tomato ringspot virus. | tomato ringspot virus (torsv) has been detected in chile, causing economically important diseases in a wide range of hosts. a torsv isolate was obtained from raspberry cv heritage (rasp-cl) showing leaf yellowing and stunting. the complete genome of rasp-cl was sequenced by deep sequencing. the rasp-cl rna1 sequence shared 97.4 % nucleotide sequence identity with divergent rna1 of isolate rasp1-2014, while rasp-cl rna2 showed high divergence from all four isolates available in the database, shar ... | 2016 | 26846512 |
| complete genome sequence of three tomato ringspot virus isolates: evidence for reassortment and recombination. | the genome sequence of tomato ringspot virus (torsv, a subgroup c nepovirus) is currently available for one raspberry isolate. in this study, we describe the complete genome sequence of three additional isolates from raspberry (rasp1-2014), grapevine (gyv-2014) and prunus (13c280). the degree of nucleotide sequence identity shared between rna1 and rna2 in the 5'-terminal 900 nucleotides and 3' untranslated region varied from 98-99 % (13c280, gyv-2014) to 80 % (rasp1-2014). phylogenetic studies r ... | 2015 | 25267178 |
| temperature-dependent symptom recovery in nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with tomato ringspot virus is associated with reduced translation of viral rna2 and requires argonaute 1. | symptom recovery in nepovirus-infected plants has been attributed to the induction of rna silencing. however, recovery is not always accompanied with viral rna clearance. in this study, we show that recovery of nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with the tomato ringspot virus (torsv) is associated with a reduction of the steady-state levels of rna2-encoded coat protein (cp) and movement protein but not of rna2. in vivo labeling experiments revealed efficient synthesis of the cp early in infec ... | 2014 | 24889238 |
| tomato ringspot virus coat protein binds to argonaute 1 and suppresses the translation repression of a reporter gene. | rna silencing regulates plant gene expression and antiviral defenses and functions by cleaving target rnas or repressing translation. as a counter defense, many plant viruses encode suppressor proteins that sequester small rnas or inactivate argonaute (ago) proteins. all known plant virus silencing suppressor activities eventually inhibit the degradation of target mrnas. using a transiently expressed green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene, we show that tomato ringspot virus (torsv) coat p ... | 2014 | 24804809 |
| sensitive detection of tomato ringspot virus by real-time taqman rt-pcr targeting the highly conserved 3'-utr region. | a real-time taqman rt-pcr assay was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of tomato ringspot virus (torsv), an important plant virus which infects a wide range of fruit and ornamental crops. primers and a probe were designed based on the highly conserved 3'-untranslated region (utr) sequences of torsv, to amplify a 182bp fragment of this region of rna-1 and rna-2. the assay was demonstrated to reliably amplify all torsv isolates tested. the detection limit was estimated to be about 12 ... | 2014 | 24566000 |
| an improved method for the generation and transfection of protoplasts from cucumis sativus cotyledons. | a protocol was developed for the preparation of cucumis sativus var straight 8 protoplasts that incorporates a two-step ficoll(®) gradient and results in a high percentage of viable, debris-free protoplasts suitable for the transient expression of foreign genes. polyethylene glycol and electroporation were compared for their effect on protoplast transfection with commonly used reporter genes. using a polyethylene glycol method, cucumber protoplasts transfected with a plasmid containing the β-glu ... | 1995 | 24185606 |