| [satellite rna (rna3) of tomato black ring virus is found with one of the 2 major rnas (rna2) in a new capsid nucleoprotein]. | tomato black ring virus (tbrv) like other nepoviruses posseses two nucleoproteins m and b and two major rnas, rna1 and rna2 respectively distributed in b and m. a new nucleoprotein has just been discovered and comprises one molecule of rna2 associated with one molecule of rna3. rna3 is a small rna of molecular weight 500,000 d considered to be a satellite rna. its level appears to depend on the infection stage, local or systemic. rna3 is able to modify the relative proportions of nucleoproteins ... | 1977 | 417836 |
| the rnas of three strains of tomato black ring virus. | | 1976 | 1275383 |
| cross-reacting and heterospecific monoclonal antibodies produced against arabis mosaic nepovirus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against arabis mosaic nepovirus (amv). a hybridoma screening procedure was applied which involved the testing of culture supernatants, before the hybridomas were cloned to single cell lines, for their reaction with eight nepoviruses [amv, cherry leafroll virus (clrv), grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv), peach rosette mosaic virus, raspberry ringspot virus (rrsv), tobacco ringspot virus, tomato black ring virus (tbrv) and tomato ringspot virus]. in addition ... | 1992 | 1402798 |
| virus-specific proteins in cells infected with tomato black ring nepovirus: evidence for proteolytic processing in vivo. | the synthesis of proteins encoded by the rna of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) in vivo was studied in protoplasts by direct labelling with [35s]methionine, and in protoplasts and plants by immunoblotting experiments with specific antisera. comparison of the proteins synthesized in infected and mock-inoculated protoplasts suggested that proteins of m(r) 120k, 90k, 80k, 57k and 46k were virus-specific. the proteins derived from the rna-1-encoded polyprotein detected by immunoblotting were a stable ... | 1992 | 1629691 |
| in vitro synthesis of biologically active transcripts of tomato black ring virus satellite rna. | synthetic transcripts of tomato black ring virus satellite rna (tbrv satrna), isolate l, were prepared from cdna cloned in the bluescribe transcription vector. transcripts with 49 (t49l) or two (t2gl) extra nucleotides at their 5' ends and 42 extra nucleotides at their 3' ends were able to induce, but to different extents, the synthesis in vitro of the satrna-encoded 48k protein. however, when inoculated into chenopodium quinoa together with tbrv l genomic rnas, only t2gl was biologically active ... | 1990 | 1691271 |
| nucleotide sequence of tomato ringspot virus rna-2. | the sequence of tomato ringspot virus (tomrsv) rna-2 has been determined. it is 7273 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' poly(a) tail and contains a single long open reading frame (orf) of 5646 nucleotides in the positive sense beginning at position 78 and terminating at position 5723. a second in-frame aug at position 441 is in a more favourable context for initiation of translation and may act as a site for initiation of translation. the tomrsv rna-2 3' noncoding region is 1550 nucleotides ... | 1991 | 1856689 |
| in vitro processing of the rna-2-encoded polyprotein of two nepoviruses: tomato black ring virus and grapevine chrome mosaic virus. | in vitro translation of rna-2 of each of two closely related nepoviruses, tomato black ring virus (tbrv) and grapevine chrome mosaic virus (gcmv), in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate resulted in the synthesis of single polypeptides of 150k and 146k respectively. processing of these polyproteins occurred after the addition of translation products of homologous rna-1. the positions of the cleavage products within the polyproteins were determined. from the n to the c terminus, mr values for the protein ... | 1991 | 1993868 |
| rna2 of grapevine fanleaf virus: sequence analysis and coat protein cistron location. | the nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna2 (3774 nucleotides) of grapevine fanleaf virus strain f13 was determined from overlapping cdna clones and its genetic organization was deduced. two rapid and efficient methods were used for cdna cloning of the 5' region of rna2. the complete sequence contained only one long open reading frame of 3555 nucleotides (1184 codons, 131k product). the analysis of the n-terminal sequence of purified coat protein (cp) and identification of its c-terminal residue ... | 1990 | 2374004 |
| analysis of the in vitro cleavage products of the tomato black ring virus rna-1-encoded 250k polyprotein. | tomato black ring virus rna-1 was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. the primary translation product of mr 250k, which corresponds to its whole coding capacity, was synthesized within 45 min and, during further incubation in the translation medium, was proteolytically processed. essentially, four cleavage products (p190, p120, p60 and p50) were detected and located within p250 by pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation experiments. p190 is an intermediate cleavage product which is further c ... | 1990 | 2391497 |
| the nucleotide sequence of satellite rna in grapevine fanleaf virus, strain f13. | the nucleotide sequence of cdna copies of grapevine fanleaf virus (strain f13) satellite rna has been determined. the primary structure obtained was 1114 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(a) tail, and contained only one long open reading frame encoding a 341 residue, highly hydrophilic polypeptide of mr37275. the coding sequence was bordered by a leader of 14 nucleotides and a 3'-terminal non-coding region of 74 nucleotides. no homology has been found with small satellite rnas associated ... | 1989 | 2471799 |
| nucleotide sequence of hungarian grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus rna1. | the nucleotide sequence of the rna1 of hungarian grapevine chrome mosaic virus, a nepovirus very closely related to tomato black ring virus, has been determined from cdna clones. it is 7212 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' terminal poly(a) tail and contains a large open reading frame extending from nucleotides 216 to 6971. the presumably encoded polyprotein is 2252 amino acids in length with a molecular weight of 250 kda. the primary structure of the polyprotein was compared with that of o ... | 1989 | 2798128 |
| nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of hungarian grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus rna2. | the complete nucleotide sequence of hungarian grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus (gcmv) rna2 has been determined. the rna sequence is 4441 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(a) tail. a polyprotein of 1324 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 146 kda is encoded in a single long open reading frame extending from nucleotides 218 to 4190. this polyprotein is homologous with the protein encoded by the s strain of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) rna2, the only other nepovirus sequenc ... | 1989 | 2798129 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 3' ends of the double-stranded rnas of grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus. | attempts were made to label the termini of dsrnas corresponding to the two genomic rnas of grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus (gcmv). it was not possible to label the 5' ends of the dsrnas with [gamma-32p]atp, which suggests that a genome-linked protein blocks their 5' ends. both dsrna species were labelled at their 3' ends with pcp. the 3'-terminal sequences were determined by 'wandering spot' or by partial enzymic cleavage analysis. one strand (presumably positive) ended in a poly(a) 30 to 50 n ... | 1988 | 3339331 |
| on the transmission of tomato black ring virus by longidorus attenuatus (nematoda). | | 1969 | 5396063 |
| specificity in the association of tomato black ring virus satellite rna with helper virus. | the satellite rnas (sat-rnas) associated with some isolates of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) consist of single-stranded molecules of about 1375 nucleotides, encoding a nonstructural protein of 48k which has been shown to be involved in the replication of the sat-rna. the tbrv sat-rnas are also dependent for their replication and for their encapsidation on the helper virus. to characterize the nature of the association between sat-rna and helper virus, transcripts of sat-rna from tbrv isolates c ... | 1995 | 7483283 |
| efficient replication of the in vitro transcripts from cloned cdna of tomato black ring virus satellite rna requires the 48k satellite rna-encoded protein. | tomato black ring virus isolate l supports the multiplication of a large satellite rna of 1376 nt which has no common features with the two genomic rnas except for the terminal motif 5' vpg uugaaaa and a 3' poly(a) tail. the tbrv sat-rna contains an orf for a protein of 48k which is translated both in vitro and in vivo. to determine the function of the 48k protein we have studied the effect of different mutations introduced in the orf of the cdna clone on the capacity of transcripts to multiply ... | 1993 | 7684878 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the rna-2 of an isolate of the english serotype of tomato black ring virus: rna recombination in the history of nepoviruses. | the rna-2 of a carrot isolate from the english serotype of tomato black ring nepovirus (tbrv-ed) has been sequenced. it is 4618 nucleotides long and contains one open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 1344 amino acids. the 5' non-coding region contains three repetitions of a stem-loop structure also conserved in tbrv-scottish and grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus (gcmv). the coat protein domain was mapped to the carboxy-terminal one-third of the polyprotein. sequence comparisons indicate t ... | 1995 | 7730814 |
| transfer of the 3' non-translated region of grapevine chrome mosaic virus rna-1 by recombination to tomato black ring virus rna-2 in pseudorecombinant isolates. | in grapevine chrome mosaic and tomato black ring viruses (gcmv and tbrv), as in many other nepoviruses, the 3' non-translated regions (3'ntr) are identical between the two genomic rnas. we have investigated the structure of the 3'ntr of two recombinant isolates which contain gcmv rna-1 and tbrv rna-2. in these isolates, the 3'ntr of rna-1 was transferred to rna-2, thus restoring the 3' identity. the transfer occurred within three passages, and probably contributes to the spread of randomly appea ... | 1995 | 7730815 |
| functional characterization of the proteolytic activity of the tomato black ring nepovirus rna-1-encoded polyprotein. | translation of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) rna-1 in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate leads to the synthesis of a 250k polyprotein which cleaves itself into smaller proteins of 50, 60, 120, and 190k. polypeptides synthesized from synthetic transcripts corresponding to different regions of tbrv rna-1 are processed only when they encode the 23k protein delimited earlier by sequence homology with the cowpea mosaic virus 24k protease. the proteolytic activity of this protein is completely lost by muta ... | 1995 | 7831791 |
| occurrence of nepoviruses in rubus species in the czech republic. | the occurrence of arabis mosaic virus (amv), raspberry ringspot virus (rrv), tomato black ring virus (tbrv), strawberry latent ringspot virus (slrv) and cherry leaf roll virus (clrv) in cultivated and wild plants of raspberry and blackberry has been studied in the czech republic in 1993-1996. five hundred and seventy samples were collected at 51 localities and assayed by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa). the results represent the first evidence on the occurr ... | 1997 | 9385408 |
| nucleotide sequence and taxonomy of cycas necrotic stunt virus. brief report. | cycas necrotic stunt virus (cnsv) is the only well-characterized virus from gymnosperm. cdna segments corresponding to the bipartite genome rnas (rna1, rna2) were synthesized and sequenced. each rna encoded a single polyprotein, flanked by the 5' and 3' non-coding regions (ncr) and followed by a poly (a) tail. the putative polyproteins encoded by rna1 and rna2 had sets of motifs, which were characteristic of viruses in the genus nepovirus. the polyproteins showed higher sequence identities to ar ... | 2002 | 12417954 |
| the arabidopsis eukaryotic initiation factor (iso)4e is dispensable for plant growth but required for susceptibility to potyviruses. | an arabidopsis thaliana line bearing a transposon insertion in the gene coding for the isozyme form of the plant-specific cap-binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor (iso) 4e (eif (iso) 4e), has been isolated. this mutant line completely lacks both eif(iso)4e mrna and protein, but was found to have a phenotype and fertility indistinguishable from wild-type plants under standard laboratory conditions. in contrast, the amount of the related eif4e protein was found to increase in seedling ext ... | 2002 | 12492835 |
| transmission of a strain of tomato black ring virus by longidorus elongatus (nematoda). | | 1961 | 13711805 |
| the potyviral suppressor of rna silencing confers enhanced resistance to multiple pathogens. | helper component-protease (hc-pro) is a plant viral suppressor of rna silencing, and transgenic tobacco expressing hc-pro has increased susceptibility to a broad range of viral pathogens. here we report that these plants also exhibit enhanced resistance to unrelated heterologous pathogens. tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) infection of hc-pro-expressing plants carrying the n resistance gene results in fewer and smaller lesions compared to controls without hc-pro. the resistance to tmv is compromised bu ... | 2004 | 15003867 |
| cloning and sequencing of full-length cdnas of rna1 and rna2 of a tomato black ring virus isolate from poland. | full-length cdna clones corresponding to the rna1 and rna2 of the polish isolate mj of tomato black ring virus (tbrv, genus nepovirus) were obtained using a direct recombination strategy in yeast, and their complete nucleotide sequences were established. rna1 is 7358 nucleotides and rna2 is 4633 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(a) tails. both rnas contain a single open reading frame encoding polyproteins of 254 kda and 149 kda for rna1 and rna2 respectively. putative cleavage sites were ... | 2004 | 15045566 |
| restriction analysis of genetic variability of polish isolates of tomato black ring virus. | several different isolates of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) have been collected in poland from cucumber, tomato, potato and black locust plants. biological tests showed some differences in the range of infected plants and the type of symptoms, which was the basis for selection of seven the most biologically different tbrv isolates. according to the sequence of tbrv-mj, several primer pairs were designed and almost the entire sequence of both genomic rnas was amplified. the rt-pcr products deriv ... | 2004 | 15448729 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the rna-2 of grapevine deformation and grapevine anatolian ringspot viruses. | the nucleotide sequence of rna-2 of grapevine anatolian ringspot virus (garsv) and grapevine deformation virus (gdefv), two recently described nepoviruses, has been determined. these rnas are 3753 nt (gdefv) and 4607 nt (garsv) in size and contain a single open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 122 kda (gdefv) and 150 kda (garsv). full-length nucleotide sequence comparison disclosed 71-73% homology between gdefv rna-2 and that of grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv) and arabis mosaic virus (armv ... | 2005 | 15830151 |
| host-pathogen interactions : xxxii. a fungal glucan preparation protects nicotianae against infection by viruses. | a glucan preparation obtained from the mycelial walls of the fungus phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea and known as an elicitor of phytoalexins in soybean was shown to be a very efficient inducer of resistance against viruses in tobacco. the glucan preparation protected against mechanically transmitted viral infections on the upper and lower leaf surfaces. whether the glucan preparation was applied by injection, inoculation, or spraying, it protected the plants if applied before, at the same ... | 1989 | 16666737 |
| cowpea mosaic virus-encoded protease does not recognize primary translation products of m rnas from other comoviruses. | the protease encoded by the large (b) rna segment of cowpea mosaic virus was tested for its ability to recognize the in vitro translation products of the small (m) rna segment from the comoviruses squash mosaic virus, red clover mottle virus, and cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv, strains dg and ark), and from the nepovirus tomato black ring virus. like m rna from cowpea mosaic virus, the m rnas from squash mosaic virus, red clover mottle virus, cpsmv-dg, and cpsmv-ark were all translated into t ... | 1982 | 16789228 |
| development of degenerate and species-specific primers for the differential and simultaneous rt-pcr detection of grapevine-infecting nepoviruses of subgroups a, b and c. | based on the nucleotide sequence homology of rna-1 and rna-2 of nepoviruses isolated from grapevines, three sets of degenerate primers, one for each of the three subgroups of the genus (a, b and c), were designed and proved effective for rt-pcr detection of subgroups in infected grapevines and herbaceous hosts. primers designed specifically for detecting subgroup a species amplified a fragment of 255 bp from samples infected by grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv), arabis mosaic virus (armv), tobacco ... | 2007 | 17187868 |
| recovery of nicotiana benthamiana plants from a necrotic response induced by a nepovirus is associated with rna silencing but not with reduced virus titer. | recovery of plants from virus-induced symptoms is often described as a consequence of rna silencing, an antiviral defense mechanism. for example, recovery of nicotiana clevelandii from a nepovirus (tomato black ring virus) is associated with a decreased viral rna concentration and sequence-specific resistance to further virus infection. in this study, we have characterized the interaction of another nepovirus, tomato ringspot virus (torsv), with host defense responses during symptom induction an ... | 2007 | 17728227 |
| detection of tomato black ring virus by real-time one-step rt-pcr. | a taqman-based real-time one-step rt-pcr assay was developed for the rapid detection of tomato black ring virus (tbrv), a significant plant pathogen which infects a wide range of economically important crops. primers and a probe were designed against existing genomic sequences to amplify a 72 bp fragment from rna-2. the assay amplified all isolates of tbrv tested, but no amplification was observed from the rna of other nepovirus species or healthy host plants. the detection limit of the assay wa ... | 2010 | 21034774 |
| two types of defective rnas arising from the tomato black ring virus genome. | short defective rnas (d-rnas) associated with tomato black ring virus (tbrv) were isolated, cloned and sequenced. as a result, two types of d-rnas associated with different tbrv isolates were identified. both types were derived from rna1. the first one contained sequences from the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utr) and from the 5' region of a single large open reading frame. the second one included a portion of the coding region for the rna-dependent rna polymerase flanked by a short fragment ... | 2011 | 22203315 |
| construction of agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated tomato black ring virus infectious cdna clones. | tomato black ring virus (tbrv, genus nepovirus) infects a wide range of economically important plants such as tomato, potato, tobacco and cucumber. here, a successful construction of infectious full-length cdna clones of the tbrv genomic rnas (rna1 and rna2) is reported for the first time. the engineered constructs consisting of pcr-amplified dnas were cloned into binary vector pjl89 immediately downstream of a double cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, and upstream of the hepatitis de ... | 2017 | 28109755 |
| coilin, the signature protein of cajal bodies, differentially modulates the interactions of plants with viruses in widely different taxa. | cajal bodies (cbs) are distinct nuclear bodies physically and functionally associated with the nucleolus. in addition to their traditional function in coordinating maturation of certain nuclear rnas, cbs participate in cell cycle regulation, development, and regulation of stress responses. a key "signature" component of cbs is coilin, the scaffolding protein essential for cb formation and function. using an rna silencing (loss-of-function) approach, we describe here new phenomena whereby coilin ... | 2017 | 24637832 |
| the sequencing of the complete genome of a tomato black ring virus (tbrv) and of the rna2 of three grapevine chrome mosaic virus (gcmv) isolates from grapevine reveals the possible recombinant origin of gcmv. | the complete genome of a tomato black ring virus isolate (tbrv-mirs) (rna1, 7,366 nt and rna2, 4,640 nt) and the rna2 sequences (4,437; 4,445; and 4,442 nts) of three grapevine chrome mosaic virus isolates (gcmv-h6, -h15, and -h27) were determined. all rnas contained a single open reading frame encoding polyproteins of 254 kda (p1) and 149 kda (p2) for tbrv-mirs rna1 and rna2, respectively, and 146 kda for gcmv rna2. p1 of tbrv-mirs showed the highest identity with tbrv-mj (94 %), beet ringspot ... | 2015 | 25315631 |
| complete sequence of rna1 of grapevine anatolian ringspot virus. | the nucleotide sequence of rna1 of grapevine anatolian ringspot virus (garsv), a nepovirus of subgroup b, was determined from cdna clones. it is 7,288 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' terminal poly(a) tail and contains a large open reading frame (orf), extending from nucleotides 272 to 7001, encoding a polypeptide of 2,243 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 250 kda. the primary structure of the polyprotein, compared with that of other viral polyproteins, revealed the presence o ... | 2012 | 22752842 |
| development of reverse transcription thermostable helicase-dependent dna amplification for the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus. | a protocol for the reverse transcription-helicase-dependent amplification (rt-hda) of isothermal dna was developed for the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). specific primers, which were based on the highly conserved region of the n gene sequence in tswv, were used for the amplification of virus's rna. the lod of rt-hda, reverse transcriptase-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp), and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays were conducted using 10-f ... | 2016 | 27538747 |
| next generation sequencing and molecular analysis of artichoke italian latent virus. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) allowed the assembly of the complete rna-1 and rna-2 sequences of a grapevine isolate of artichoke italian latent virus (ailv). rna-1 and rna-2 are 7,338 and 4,630 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' terminal poly(a) tail, and encode two putative polyproteins of 255.8 kda (p1) and 149.6 kda (p2), respectively. all conserved motifs and predicted cleavage sites, typical for nepovirus polyproteins, were found in p1 and p2. ailv p1 and p2 share high amino acid ide ... | 2017 | 28247096 |
| rapid detection of genetically diverse tomato black ring virus isolates using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (rt-lamp) has been developed for detection of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) isolates collected from different hosts. one-step rt-lamp was performed with a set of four primers, the design of which was based on the coat protein gene. results of rt-lamp were visualized by direct staining of products with fluorescent dyes, agarose gel electrophoresis, and analysis of amplification curves. the sensitivity of rt-lamp was 100-fold gr ... | 2015 | 26338092 |
| lna probe-based assay for the detection of tomato black ring virus isolates. | tomato black ring virus (tbrv) infects a wide range of economically important plant species worldwide. in the present study we developed a locked nucleic acid (lna) real-time rt-pcr assay for accurate detection of genetically diverse tbrv isolates collected from different hosts. the assay based on the lna probe has a wide detection range, high sensitivity, stability and amplification efficiency. the assay amplified all tested tbrv isolates, but no signal was observed for the rna from other nepov ... | 2015 | 25542840 |
| analysis of the biological and molecular variability of the polish isolates of tomato black ring virus (tbrv). | tomato black ring virus (tbrv) is an important pathogen infecting many plant species worldwide. the biological and molecular variability of the polish isolates of tbrv was analyzed. the analysis was performed based on the symptoms induced by various isolates on test plant species as well as on phylogenetic relationships between isolates. isolates differed in their host range and symptomatology. in addition, genetic variation among isolates was characterized by restriction fragment length polymor ... | 2013 | 23813247 |