| efficient reverse transcription of cowpea mosaic virus rnas. | conditions are described which give an efficient synthesis of dna copies of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rnas, using avian myeloblastosis reverse transcriptase and oligo (dt) primers. maximum incorporation of damp into cdna is attained with 0.4 to 0.8 mm of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate, 12 mm mg++ and 60 mm k+ ion concentrations. high enzyme concentrations (up to 100 units/ml) were used. under these conditions over 1000 pmoles of damp were incorporated per reaction. the cdna:rna molar ratio ... | 1978 | 85293 |
| sequence homology adjacent to the 3' terminal poly(a) of cowpea mosaic virus rnas. | we have determined the sequence of 80 nucleotides adjacent to 3' poly(a) of both (middle and bottom component) cowpea mosaic virus rnas, using dideoxynucleotide termination of reverse transcription. sequence conservation is indicated, there being about 80% homology between the first 65 bases of each rna. although both rnas are polyadenylated, there is no aauaaa sequence as associated with most known polyadenylated mrnas of eukaryotes and viruses. however both rnas are u and a-rich in this region ... | 1979 | 91160 |
| tumor induction by agrobacterium tumefaciens prevented in vigna sinensis seedlings systemically infected by ribonucleic acid viruses. | cowpea (vigna sinensis) seedlings failed to develop tumors after being inoculated with crown gall bacteria (agrobacterium tumefaciens) if, at times earlier than 1 day later, they were inoculated on the primary leaves with a cowpea mosaic virus that systemically infects them. inoculation with buffer or with a virus that is restricted to a localized infection, or to which the cowpea is immune, did not interfere with the subsequent development of tumors. the virus infection did not appear to affect ... | 1979 | 422243 |
| an efficient mrna-dependent translation system from reticulocyte lysates. | a simple method is described for converting a standard rabbit reticulocyte cell-free extract (lysate) into an mrna-dependent protein synthesis system. the lysate is preincubated with cacl2 and micrococcal nuclease, and then excess ethyleneglycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-n,n'-tetraacetic acid is added to chelate the ca2+ and inactivate the nuclease. lysates treated in this way have neglibible endogenous amino acid incorporation activity, but 75% of the activity of the original lysate can be recover ... | 1976 | 823012 |
| interaction between viruses and monoclonal antibodies studied by surface plasmon resonance. | an automated biosensor system designed for measuring molecular interactions in real time and without any labelling of the reactants has been used to study the interaction of two animal viruses (vaccinia virus and poliovirus) and two plant viruses (cowpea mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus) with monoclonal antibodies. using monoclonal antibodies specific for different conformational states of viral protein, it was found that the virus particles retained their conformational integrity when immo ... | 1992 | 1372280 |
| a regulatory role for the 32k protein in proteolytic processing of cowpea mosaic virus polyproteins. | we have studied the regulation of proteolytic processing of the polyproteins encoded by cowpea mosaic virus m-rna and b-rna. for that purpose mutations were introduced in full-length cdna clones of these rnas. rna transcripts were translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and the effect of mutations on the processing was analysed. these studies revealed that the 32k protein is released from the 200k b-polyprotein by an intramolecular cleavage and remains associated with the 170k protein, probably ... | 1992 | 1413528 |
| processing of vpg-containing polyproteins encoded by the b-rna from cowpea mosaic virus. | to study the processing of putative vpg precursors the expression of specific mutant transcripts derived from a full-length cdna clone of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) b-rna was examined in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. this study revealed that the 170k protein produced by a b-rna mutant that lacks the 32k coding region was efficiently processed by mainly intramolecular cleavages at three different sites into three sets of proteins of 60k + 110k, 84k + 87k, and 58k + 112k. further cleavage o ... | 1992 | 1413529 |
| structure determination of the bacteriophage phix174. | the structure of the single-stranded dna phage phix174 has been determined to 3.4 a resolution. the crystal space group was p2(1) with one icosahedral particle per asymmetric unit, giving 60-fold noncrystallographic redundancy. oscillation diffraction photographs were collected using synchrotron radiation at various wavelengths. the particle orientations in the unit cell were determined with a rotation function. because cowpea mosaic virus has a similar external envelope to phix174, it was used ... | 1992 | 1418820 |
| cloned dna copies of cowpea severe mosaic virus genomic rnas: infectious transcripts and complete nucleotide sequence of rna 1. | cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv) is a member of the comovirus group of messenger-sense rna viruses with bipartite genomes, of which cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is the type member. full-length copies of cpsmv rna 1 were cloned in plasmids bearing a bacteriophage t7 promoter. previously, similar clones of cpsmv rna 2 had been obtained. a 5'-ruauuaaaauuuu sequence is common to rna 1 and rna 2. from two rna 1 clones and four rna 2 clones we excised non-cpsmv sequences so as to provide templates for ... | 1992 | 1448917 |
| a proposal for a bean common mosaic subgroup of potyviruses. | in order to elucidate the taxonomic positions of bean common mosaic virus (bcmv) and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (b1cmv), several strains of these viruses were compared on the basis of host ranges, antigenic properties established with antisera to virions and to n-terminal peptide domains of their coat proteins, and high performance liquid chromatographic peptide profiles. the comparison includes three strains of bcmv, viz. nl1, nl3 and ny15, four strains of b1cmv, viz. fla, ind, nr, and w, and ... | 1992 | 1450765 |
| serological and biological relationships among viruses in the bean common mosaic virus subgroup. | bean common mosaic virus (bcmv), blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (b1cmv), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), azuki bean mosaic virus (azmv), and peanut stripe virus (pstv) are five species of the genus potyvirus, family potyviridae which are seed-transmitted in beans or cowpeas. eighteen isolates of bcmv, five isolates of b1cmv, four isolates of cabmv, and one isolate each of azmv, and pstv were compared serologically using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against bcmv, b1cmv ... | 1992 | 1450766 |
| strains of bean common mosaic virus consist of at least two distinct potyviruses. | bean common mosaic virus (bcmv) consists of a large number of pathotypes and strains which have largely been identified by their characteristic interactions with a selected number of differential bean cultivars. the relationships among these strains and other potyviruses that infect legumes are complex, with indications that bcmv, blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (blcmv) and azuki bean mosaic virus (azmv) may be strains of the one virus. using high performance liquid chromatographic peptide profiles ... | 1992 | 1450767 |
| coat protein properties suggest that azuki bean mosaic virus, blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, peanut stripe virus, and three isolates from soybean are all strains of the same potyvirus. | the interrelationship of a number of potyviruses infecting legumes has been investigated by comparing molecular properties of their coat proteins. comparison of the coat proteins by the techniques of amino acid analysis and page was inadequate to distinguish strains from distinct potyviruses. however, high-performance liquid chromatographic peptide profiles of tryptic digests of coat proteins of these legume-infecting potyviruses enabled such assignments to be made. these data indicate that amin ... | 1992 | 1500273 |
| effects of site-directed mutagenesis on the presumed catalytic triad and substrate-binding pocket of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus 24-kda proteinase. | grapevine fanleaf nepovirus (gflv) has a bipartite plus-sense rna genome. its structural and functional proteins originate from polyprotein maturation by at least one virus-encoded proteinase. here we describe the cloning of the 24-kda proteinase cistron located between the virus-linked protein (vpg) and the rna-dependent rna polymerase cistron in gflv rna1 (nucleotides 3966 to 4622). proteinase expressed from this clone is able to cleave gflv polyprotein p2 in order to produce the coat protein ... | 1992 | 1519363 |
| sequence upstream of the 24k protease enhances cleavage of the cowpea mosaic virus b rna-encoded polyprotein at the junction between the 24k and 87k proteins. | to investigate cleavage at the junction between the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) 24k and 87k proteins, plasmids were constructed containing the sequence of bottom-component (b) rna encoding the 110k protein plus a variable length of upstream coding sequence. transcripts derived from these clones were translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and the appearance of the 87k protein was used to assess the efficiency of cleavage at the 24k-87k junction. the results show that the 110k protein, containing ... | 1992 | 1604812 |
| expression of cowpea mosaic virus coat protein precursor in transgenic tobacco plants. | tobacco, nicotiana tabacum l., supports cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) replication and cell-to-cell movement, and thus may serve as a model system to study coat protein-mediated protection against cpmv. a chimeric gene consisting of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, cpmv 60k coat proteins-precursor (cp-p) coding region, and the nopaline synthase polyadenylation signal was transferred to tobacco cv. burley 21 via the agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system. gene integration and expres ... | 1992 | 1730936 |
| the mechanism of translation of cowpea mosaic virus middle component rna: no evidence for internal initiation from experiments in an animal cell transient expression system. | the possibility that internal initiation of translation is responsible for the synthesis of the middle component (m) rna-encoded 95k protein of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has been investigated by constructing plasmids in which the entire sequence of cpmv m rna was cloned downstream of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. expression of these plasmids in an animal cell expression system revealed that no synthesis of the proteins encoded by the downstream cpmv open reading frame takes place fr ... | 1991 | 1765773 |
| evidence for dissimilar properties of comoviral and picornaviral rna polymerases. | the poliovirus rna polymerase has been synthesized in spodoptera frugiperda cells by using the baculovirus expression system. crude sonicates of these cells exhibited an rna-elongating activity of a synthetic oligo(u) primer with poly(a) or cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna as a template. a similar polymerase activity was found in extracts of insect cells in which foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) proteins, including the putative polymerase, were produced. the analogous cpmv 87k protein and sever ... | 1991 | 1848591 |
| potassium salts influence the fidelity of mrna translation initiation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates: unique features of encephalomyocarditis virus rna translation. | it is widely assumed that in vitro translation of mrna is more efficient in the presence of potassium acetate rather than kcl, that the optimum concentration of potassium acetate is higher than for kcl, and that uncapped rnas exhibit a lower optimum salt concentration than capped mrnas. when these assumptions were examined using several different mrna species in four batches of rabbit reticulocyte lysate, some notable exceptions were found. the translation of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rn ... | 1991 | 1849749 |
| nucleotide sequence of tomato ringspot virus rna-2. | the sequence of tomato ringspot virus (tomrsv) rna-2 has been determined. it is 7273 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' poly(a) tail and contains a single long open reading frame (orf) of 5646 nucleotides in the positive sense beginning at position 78 and terminating at position 5723. a second in-frame aug at position 441 is in a more favourable context for initiation of translation and may act as a site for initiation of translation. the tomrsv rna-2 3' noncoding region is 1550 nucleotides ... | 1991 | 1856689 |
| mutational analysis of the putative catalytic triad of the cowpea mosaic virus 24k protease. | to investigate the mechanism of action of the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) 24k protease, a full-length cdna clone of bottom component (b) rna has been constructed from which rna can be transcribed in vitro using t7 rna polymerase. translation of the resulting rna in rabbit reticulocyte lysate leads to the synthesis of a 200 kda product (the 200k protein) which cleaves itself in a manner identical to that of the product translated from b rna isolated from virions. site-directed mutagenesis of the f ... | 1991 | 1887592 |
| the atp requirement for initiation of eukaryotic translation varies according to the mrna species. | the requirement for atp for initiation of eukaryotic mrna translation was tested using gel-filtered rabbit reticulocyte lysates incubated with labelled met-trnafmet and exogenous rna templates, and assaying the formation of labelled 80s initiation complexes in the presence of gtp, or labelled 40s initiation complexes in the presence of a non-hydrolysable analogue of gtp. initiation complex formation on globin mrna, or on capped viral rnas such as papaya mosaic virus rna and tobacco mosaic virus ... | 1991 | 1889398 |
| vpg-mediated aggregation of potyviral rna. | rna prepared from the potyvirus tobacco vein mottling virus contained aggregates of the 9.5 kb genomic rna with electrophoretic mobilities corresponding to 20 and 41 kb species. similar aggregates were present in preparations of the rnas of two other potyviruses. aggregation occurred during or after purification of the rna by sucrose gradient centrifugation and alcohol precipitation and was dependent upon the presence of a protein apparently bound covalently to a region at or near the 5' terminu ... | 1991 | 1990064 |
| expression of plant virus genes in animal cells: high-level synthesis of cowpea mosaic virus b-rna-encoded proteins with baculovirus expression vectors. | the baculovirus expression system has been used to produce non-structural proteins encoded by bottom-component rna (b-rna) of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). for this, cdnas containing the 60k, 87k, 110k and 170k protein coding sequences were each provided with an atg start codon and the cdna containing the 60k coding sequence with a taa stop codon immediately downstream of the coding sequence. recombinant baculoviruses were retrieved which harboured the modified b-cdna sequences under the control o ... | 1990 | 2254749 |
| high-level synthesis of cowpea mosaic virus rna polymerase and protease in escherichia coli. | an expression system for the production of polymerase proteins of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) in escherichia coli cells is described. high-level synthesis of proteins containing protease and polymerase moieties (110-kda protein) and polymerase alone (87-kda protein) were obtained from cells containing different plasmid constructions. precursor and processed forms of cpmv proteins were detected by immunoblotting with antisera directed against 170-kda precursor polyprotein and 24-kda viral protease ... | 1989 | 2548928 |
| identification of the initiation codons for translation of cowpea mosaic virus middle component rna using site-directed mutagenesis of an infectious cdna clone. | a full-length cdna copy of cpmv m rna has been cloned downstream of a phage lambda promoter in the plasmid ppmi. transcripts obtained from this clone can be translated in vitro and replicated in cowpea mesophyll protoplasts in the presence of viral b rna. we have constructed a series of site-directed mutants of this clone to investigate the mechanism of translation of cpmv m rna. the results obtained confirm that the aug at position 161 is used to direct the synthesis of a 105k protein in vitro ... | 1989 | 2773321 |
| inhibition of proteolytic processing of the polyproteins of cowpea mosaic virus by hemin. | cleavages of the polyproteins synthesized from cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) b rna and m rna in rabbit reticulocyte lysates are inhibited by hemin. cleavage of the cpmv b rna-encoded 200k polyprotein and of the m rna-encoded 60k intermediary precursor protein were most sensitive to hemin inhibition, while cleavages of other precursor proteins were less sensitive. a significant observation was that at a hemin concentration of 25 microm, but not at higher concentrations, the 60k protein was cleaved t ... | 1989 | 2815588 |
| cleavage of a viral polyprotein by a cellular proteolytic activity. | the 200,000-dalton polyprotein encoded by the bottom component rna of cowpea mosaic virus was synthesized in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, and this in vitro-synthesized protein was isolated from the lysate reaction mixture by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. incubation of the isolated polyprotein with buffer caused no change in the protein, but incubation with reticulocyte lysates or with fractionated lysate proteins resulted in cleavage of the protein into the expected cleavage products ... | 1986 | 3003387 |
| two viral proteins involved in the proteolytic processing of the cowpea mosaic virus polyproteins. | a series of specific deletion mutants derived from a full-length cdna clone of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) b rna was constructed with the aim to study the role of viral proteins in the proteolytic processing of the primary translation products. for the same purpose cdna clones were constructed having sequences derived from both m and b rna of cpmv. in vitro transcripts prepared from these clones with t7 rna polymerase, were efficiently translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. the translation pr ... | 1988 | 3282225 |
| proteolytic activity of the cowpea mosaic virus encoded 24k protein synthesized in escherichia coli. | the function of the 24-kilodalton (24k) protein encoded by cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has been studied by constructing a bacterial expression plasmid that contained a cloned chimeric segment consisting of partial dna copies of cpmv m-rna (including sequences coding for both capsid proteins) and b-rna (including sequences coding for the 24k protein). viral sequences were transcribed from the phage t7 promoter phi 10 of plasmid pt7-6 using t7-rna polymerase expressed from plasmid pgp1-2 present in ... | 1987 | 3300014 |
| analysis and application of substrate hydrolysis rates in indirect elisa of a purified plant virus. | the transient colorimetric signal in a microtiter plate is used to quantify a purified plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), over five concentration decades in a single plate. the method involves the coating of the polystyrene microtiter plate wells directly with the cpmv antigen, followed by incubation with a rabbit-derived cpmv-specific antibody, and lastly by incubation with a commercially available antibody against rabbit immunoglobulin which has been pre-labeled with alkaline phosphatase ... | 1988 | 3366853 |
| molecular cloning and sequence determination of the genomic regions encoding protease and genome-linked protein of three picornaviruses. | to investigate the degree of similarity between picornavirus proteases, we cloned the genomic cdnas of an enterovirus, echovirus 9 (strain barty), and two rhinoviruses, serotypes 1a and 14lp, and determined the nucleotide sequence of the region which, by analogy to poliovirus, encodes the protease. the nucleotide sequence of the region encoding the genome-linked protein vpg, immediately adjacent to the protease, was also determined. comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with ... | 1986 | 3512851 |
| structure of isometric viruses containing nonidentical polypeptide chains. | the theory of caspar and klug (1962) for the structure of isometric viruses has been generalized to the case in which the identical repeating unit is composed of n nonidentical polypeptide chains. this modified theory accounts for the structure of picornaviruses, the lambda phage head, cowpea mosaic virus, and phix174, while at the same time conserving the principle of having identical subunits in identical environments. furthermore, the modified theory suggests amending the triangulation number ... | 1974 | 4418754 |
| the localization of virus-specific double-stranded rna of cowpea mosaic virus in subcellular fractions of infected vigna leaves. | | 1973 | 4576343 |
| similarity in gene organization and homology between proteins of animal picornaviruses and a plant comovirus suggest common ancestry of these virus families. | the amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleic acid sequences of several animal picornaviruses and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), a plant virus, were compared. good homology was found between cpmv and the picornaviruses in the region of the picornavirus 2c (p2-x protein), vpg, 3c pro (proteinase) and 3d pol (rna polymerase) regions. the cpmv b genome was found to have a similar gene organization to the picornaviruses. a comparison of the 3c pro (proteinase) regions of all of the available picorn ... | 1984 | 6384934 |
| rna and capsid accumulation in cowpea protoplasts that are resistant to cowpea mosaic virus strain sb. | leaf protoplasts from the arlington line of cowpea (vigna unguiculata) support only a limited increase of cowpea mosaic virus strain sb (cpmv-sb), whereas cowpea severe mosaic virus, another member of the comovirus group, replicates efficiently in arlington cowpea protoplasts. cpmv-sb replicates efficiently in protoplasts of cowpea line blackeye 5. some characteristics of the virus-specific resistance of arlington protoplasts to cpmv-sb are reported. differences between progeny cpmv-sb from arli ... | 1984 | 6485253 |
| detection of double-stranded rna by serologically specific electron microscopy. | details of a procedure for detecting double-stranded rna (dsrna) in virus and viroid infected tissue extracts using serologically specific electron microscopy are given. a method for staining dsrna, based on in situ formation of uranyl phosphate, that consistently permits the examination of dsrna by electron microscopy without shadowing with heavy metals, is described. the method provides for routine assays for dsrna in crude extracts without the variable results associated with shadowing proced ... | 1984 | 6530480 |
| study of the genetic organisation of a plant viral rna genome by in vitro expression of a full-length dna copy. | the genetic approach for elucidating functions encoded by rna plant viruses has been hampered by the lack of methods to select desired mutants following random mutagenesis. an alternative might be to copy rna genomes into dna and use methods for site-directed mutagenesis to modify specific regions of the dna copy. transcription of the dna copy will subsequently produce viral rna with desired mutations. we have constructed a full-length dna copy of the smaller of the two cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv ... | 1984 | 6549293 |
| translational stability of plant viral rnas microinjected into living cells. influence of a 3'-poly(a) segment. | three different alternative structural features have been shown to be present at the 3' terminus of plant viral rnas: (a) a poly(a) track, (b) a trna-like structure, (c) no special structural or sequence characteristic. we have compared the translational stability after injection into frog oocytes of a representative of each type: (a) the small genomic rna (m-rna) of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), (b) the subgenomic mrna for coat protein (rna 4) of brome mosaic virus (bmv), (c) the subgenomic mrna ... | 1983 | 6681761 |
| proteolytic processing of the proteins translated from the bottom component rna of cowpea mosaic virus. the primary and secondary cleavage reactions. | the products of translation of cowpea mosaic virus b-rna in rabbit reticulocyte lysates are proteolytically cleaved to form a specific set of proteins. the primary cleavage occurs as nascent peptide chains elongate to a size of about 150 kilodaltons yielding a 32k protein and, upon chain completion, a 170k protein. this cleavage reaction is inhibited by 3 mm iodoacetamide. the 170k protein, in turn, is cleaved to yield either of two pairs of proteins, a 110k and 60k pair or a 87k and 84k pair. t ... | 1984 | 6699013 |
| specificity of the actinomycin-d-sensitive function of some rna plant viruses. | the actinomycin-d(amd)-sensitive step of replication of three plant viruses - cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), cowpea mosaic virus, and the cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus - in cowpea was specific for each virus. different combinations of the viruses were examined in which leaves were inoculated with one virus and incubated for 48 h until multiplication was almost resistant to amd. at that time, the same leaves were inoculated with a different virus and the ability of amd to inhibit m ... | 1984 | 6735660 |
| expression of an animal virus antigenic site on the surface of a plant virus particle. | to investigate if cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) particles can be used to express foreign protein sequences, oligonucleotides encoding an epitope derived from vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were cloned into the region of the cpmv genome encoding the small (s) coat protein. the chimeras were designed so that the foreign sequence was expressed either as an insertion or as a replacement for part of the wild-type sequence. while rna from both chimeras was able to replicate in cowpea protopla ... | 1993 | 7692669 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1-neutralizing antibodies raised to a glycoprotein 41 peptide expressed on the surface of a plant virus. | an oligonucleotide encoding the amino acids 731-752 of the gp41 envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain iiib, which is known to induce cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in humans, was inserted into a full-length clone of the rna encoding the coat proteins of cowpea mosaic virus (rna 2 of cpmv). when transfected together with rna 1 of cpmv, transcribed rna 2 was able to replicate in plants and form infectious virions (cpmv-hiv). purified virions were injected subcu ... | 1995 | 7786579 |
| functional characterization of the proteolytic activity of the tomato black ring nepovirus rna-1-encoded polyprotein. | translation of tomato black ring virus (tbrv) rna-1 in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate leads to the synthesis of a 250k polyprotein which cleaves itself into smaller proteins of 50, 60, 120, and 190k. polypeptides synthesized from synthetic transcripts corresponding to different regions of tbrv rna-1 are processed only when they encode the 23k protein delimited earlier by sequence homology with the cowpea mosaic virus 24k protease. the proteolytic activity of this protein is completely lost by muta ... | 1995 | 7831791 |
| direct imaging of interactions between an icosahedral virus and conjugate f(ab) fragments by cryoelectron microscopy and x-ray crystallography. | the binding properties of seven mouse monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) raised against cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) were characterized by conventional and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique. mcab binding to cpmv on electron microscope (em) grids was also assayed with gold-labeled anti-mouse antibodies. two of the seven mcabs (5b2 and 10b7) were found to bind tighter to cpmv than the others in the inhibition elisa and the em assay. f(ab) fragments from both of these mcabs we ... | 1994 | 7941346 |
| capsid protein properties of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus confirm the existence of two major subgroups of aphid-transmitted, legume-infecting potyviruses. | a study of the capsid proteins of different legume-infecting potyviruses using specific monoclonal antibodies on immunoblots of crude extracts from infected plants revealed that cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (camv) and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (bicmv) have coat protein m(r) values of 32k and 35k, respectively. immunoblot comparisons of bicmv, peanut stripe mosaic virus (pstv), bean common mosaic virus (bcmv) and azuki bean mosaic virus (azmv) revealed equal reactivity of their 35k coat pro ... | 1994 | 7996147 |
| cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus-morocco and south african passiflora virus are strains of the same potyvirus. | high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) profiles of tryptic peptides and partial amino acid sequence analysis have been employed to establish the taxonomic status of the moroccan isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). some previous reports have suggested cabmv to be very closely related to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (b1cmv) while other reports have concluded that this relationship is distant. in this report a tryptic digest of the coat protein of cabmv-morocco was compared w ... | 1994 | 8002788 |
| development of cowpea mosaic virus as a high-yielding system for the presentation of foreign peptides. | it has recently been shown that cowpea plants can be infected with a cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) chimera containing an antigenic site from foot-and-mouth disease virus (usha et al., virology 197, 366-374, 1993). analysis of progeny rna produced during such an infection has revealed that the inserted sequence is rapidly lost during serial passaging, probably by a process of homologous recombination. using the information gained from this analysis, we have redesigned the chimeras in such a way that ... | 1994 | 8030255 |
| replication and translation of cowpea mosaic virus rnas are tightly linked. | the genome of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is divided among two positive strand rna molecules. b-rna is able to replicate independently from m-rna in cowpea protoplasts. replication of mutant b-transcripts could not be supported by co-inoculated wild-type b-rna, indicating that b-rna cannot be efficiently replicated in trans. hence replication of a b-rna molecule is tightly linked to its translation and/or at least one of the replicative proteins functions in cis only. remarkably also for efficien ... | 1994 | 8032269 |
| adaptation of positive-strand rna viruses to plants. | the vast majority of positive-strand rna viruses (more than 500 species) are adapted to infection of plant hosts. genome sequence comparisons of these plant rna viruses have revealed that most of them are genetically related to animal cell-infecting counterparts; this led to the concept of "superfamilies". comparison of genetic maps of representative plant and animal viruses belonging to the same superfamily (e.g. cowpea mosaic virus [cpmv] versus picornaviruses and tobacco mosaic virus versus a ... | 1994 | 8032285 |
| mutational analysis of aug codons of cowpea mosaic virus m rna. | the involvement of the aug codons at positions 115, 161, 512 and 524 in translation and infectivity of cowpea mosaic virus m rna was studied. mutations were introduced in each of these codons in a full length cdna clone of m rna and the effect of the mutations was examined by translation from in vitro transcripts of these mutant cdnas in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and by checking the replication of these transcripts in the presence of b rna in cowpea protoplasts and plants. it was found that au ... | 1993 | 8286445 |
| protoplasts transiently expressing the 200k coding sequence of cowpea mosaic virus b-rna support replication of m-rna. | in order to identify the viral polymerase involved in cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna replication the 87k, 110k and 170k proteins as well as the complete 200k polyprotein of cpmv b-rna have been produced in cowpea protoplasts, using expression vectors based on the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. cpmv-specific proteins were obtained that were indistinguishable from proteins found in cpmv-infected protoplasts. proteolytic processing of precursor proteins synthesized from the expression ve ... | 1993 | 8409945 |
| sequence data to settle the taxonomic position of bean common mosaic virus and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus isolates. | the nucleotide sequences of the coat protein genes and 3' non-translated regions (3'-ntrs) of three isolates of bean common mosaic virus (nl1, nl3 and ny15) and one isolate of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (w) were determined. comparison of these sequences revealed that the coat proteins of nl1, ny15 and w were identical in size (287 amino acids) and exhibited an overall sequence similarity (94 to 97%), and 84 to 98% in their n-terminal regions. furthermore, their 3'-ntrs were very similar in len ... | 1993 | 8409946 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a segment from andean potato mottle virus b rna encoding the putative rna polymerase. | andean potato mottle virus (apmv), an endemic south american comovirus, has a bipartite genome consisting of two plus-strand rna molecules (m and b rna). we have cloned the 3' half of the b rna and identified the complete sequence of the putative apmv rna polymerase. the rna polymerase gene is part of a large polyprotein-encoding open reading frame. the putative, mature rna polymerase, as deduced by comparison with the related cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), type member of the comovirus group, is 70 ... | 1993 | 8429307 |
| evidence that cowpea aphid-borne mosaic and blackeye cowpea mosaic viruses are two different potyviruses. | the immunoreactivity of a panel of polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against african isolates of potyviruses from cowpea and african yam bean was examined in elisas. a serological study including reference isolates followed by further characterization in differential hosts resulted in separation of the potyviruses into two distinct serogroups, one containing blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (blcmv) and the other containing cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (camv). using bio ... | 1993 | 8445363 |
| the coat protein genes of squash mosaic virus: cloning, sequence analysis, and expression in tobacco protoplasts. | complementary dna of the middle-component rna of the melon strain of squash mosaic comovirus (sqmv) was cloned. clones containing the coat protein genes were identified by hybridization with a degenerate oligonucleotide synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of a purified peptide fragment of the sqmv large coat protein. a clone containing of 2.5 kbp cdna insert of sqmv m-rna was sequenced. the total insert sequence of 2510 bp included a 2373 bp open reading frame (orf) (encoding 791 am ... | 1993 | 8503782 |
| the 24 kda proteinases of comoviruses are virus-specific in cis as well as in trans. | to investigate the specificity of comoviral 24 kda ('24k') proteinases, a full-length cdna copy of red clover mottle virus (rcmv) rna 1 has been cloned downstream of a t7 promoter. translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates of in vitro transcripts from this clone resulted in the synthesis of a 200k protein which was processed in a manner similar to that of the equivalent protein from cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). full-length cdna clones of the rna 1 molecules of rcmv and cpmv were used to create h ... | 1996 | 8811039 |
| stimulation of neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in three strains of mice immunized with a 22 amino acid peptide of gp41 expressed on the surface of a plant virus. | a plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus, expressing a 22 amino acid peptide 731-752 of the gp41 glycoprotein of human immunodeficency virus type 1 (hiv-1 iiib), was shown previously to stimulate hiv-1 cross reactive neutralizing antibodies in adult c57/bl6 mice. here some parameters concerning the stimulation of hiv-1-specific neutralizing and elisa antibody have been determined in adult c57/bl6, c3h/he-mg and balb/c mice. two injections per mouse of all cpmv-hiv/1 doses tested (100, 10 and 1 microgr ... | 1996 | 8817828 |
| potential of chimaeric plant virus particles as novel, stable vaccines. | technology has been developed for the expression of multiple copies of epitopes from human and animal pathogens on the surface of assembled particles of a plant virus (cowpea mosaic virus). the technology, termed the chimaeric virus particle (cvp) technology, can be exploited for the production of vaccines in plants. each chimaeric virus particle contains 60 copies of the foreign peptide which are expressed in highly exposed positions on the surface of the virus particle. viral and bacterial epi ... | 1996 | 8854018 |
| the movement proteins of cowpea mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus induce tubular structures in plant and insect cells. | the movement proteins (mp) of cowpea mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) are associated with tubular structures in vivo which participate in the transmission of virus particles from cell to cell. both proteins have been expressed in plant protoplasts and insect cells. in all cases, immunofluorescent histochemistry showed that the mps accumulate intracellularly as tubular extensions projecting from the cell surface. additionally, electron microscopy revealed intracellular mp aggregat ... | 1996 | 8922481 |
| the development of cowpea mosaic virus as a potential source of novel vaccines. | epitopes from human rhinovirus 14 (hrv-14) and human immunodeficiency virus type (hiv-1) have been expressed on the surface of particles of the plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). the chimaeras retain their ability to grow in plants and large quantities of virions can be easily purified. immunological studies have shown that purified particles have the antigenic properties of the insert, and, in the case of the hiv-1 chimaera, can elicit the production of neutralising antibodies in mice. th ... | 1996 | 8957673 |
| plant-derived vaccine protects target animals against a viral disease. | the successful expression of animal or human virus epitopes on the surface of plant viruses has recently been demonstrated. these chimeric virus particles (cvps) could represent a cost-effective and safe alternative to conventional animal cell-based vaccines. we report the insertion of oligonucleotides coding for a short linear epitope from the vp2 capsid protein of mink enteritis virus (mev) into an infectious cdna clone of cowpea mosaic virus and the successful expression of the epitope on the ... | 1997 | 9062924 |
| structure-based design of peptide presentation on a viral surface: the crystal structure of a plant/animal virus chimera at 2.8 a resolution. | we employed a genetically engineered icosahedral plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), as an expression and presentation system to display a 14 amino acid linear antigenic epitope found in a capsid protein of human rhinovirus 14 (hrv14). | 1996 | 9079380 |
| sequences of the coat protein gene of five peanut stripe virus (pstv) strains from thailand and their evolutionary relationship with other bean common mosaic virus sequences. | the coat protein gene and part of the 3' non-coding region of five strains of peanut stripe virus (pstv) from thailand have been cloned and sequenced. phylogenetic comparisons of these strains, known as t1, t3, t5, t6 and t7, and related sequences showed that these strains are indeed strains of pstv. further, pstv strains appear to be related to each other according to their geographic origin. that is, the thai strains are more closely related to each other than they are to strains from the usa ... | 1998 | 9787652 |
| the neutralizing antibody response against a conserved region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 (amino acid residues 731-752) is uniquely directed against a conformational epitope. | amino acids 731-752 (731prgpdrpegieeeggerdrdrs752) of the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) are conserved in most virus isolates and are controversially reported to be implicated in virus neutralization. the humoral response in infected patients against this region is poor and humans immunized with gp160 show high levels of antibodies against the peptide but poor neutralization titres. nonetheless, several groups have succeeded in obtaining neutralizi ... | 1998 | 9820146 |
| intranasal immunization with a plant virus expressing a peptide from hiv-1 gp41 stimulates better mucosal and systemic hiv-1-specific iga and igg than oral immunization. | control of pandemic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection ideally requires specific mucosal immunity to protect the genital regions through which transmission more often occurs. thus a vaccine that stimulates a disseminated mucosal and systemic protective immune response would be extremely useful. here we have investigated the ability of a chimeric plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), expressing a 22 amino acid peptide (residues 731-752) of the transmembrane gp41 protein of h ... | 1998 | 9839930 |
| chimeric plant virus particles administered nasally or orally induce systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice. | the humoral immune responses to the d2 peptide of fibronectin-binding protein b (fnbp) of staphylococcus aureus, expressed on the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), were evaluated after mucosal delivery to mice. intranasal immunization of these chimeric virus particles (cvps), either alone or in the presence of iscom matrix, primed cpmv-specific t cells and generated high titers of cpmv- and fnbp-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) in sera. furthermore, cpmv- and fnbp-specific iga and igg could ... | 1999 | 9882293 |
| analysis of the ability of five adjuvants to enhance immune responses to a chimeric plant virus displaying an hiv-1 peptide. | the ability of five different adjuvants (alum, complete freund's adjuvant, quil a, adjuprime and ribi) to stimulate humoral and t-cell mediated immune responses against a purified chimeric virus particle was investigated. each adjuvant was administered subcutaneously to adult mice together with 10 microg of wildtype (wt) cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) or a chimeric cpmv displaying the hiv-1 gp41 peptide, residues 731-752. all preparations elicited strong antibody responses to cpmv, but quil a elicit ... | 1999 | 10195771 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa outer-membrane protein f epitopes are highly immunogenic in mice when expressed on a plant virus. | a synthetic peptide (peptide 10) representing a surface-exposed, linear b cell epitope from outer-membrane (om) protein f of pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown previously to afford protection in mice from p. aeruginosa infection. this peptide was expressed in tandem with the protein f peptide 18 on each of the two coat proteins of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). the chimaeric virus particles (cvps) expressing the peptides on the s (small) coat protein (cpmv-pae4) and l (large) coat protein (cpmv-pae5) ... | 1999 | 10206701 |
| immunogenicity of peptides derived from a fibronectin-binding protein of s. aureus expressed on two different plant viruses. | the d2 peptide derived from an s. aureus fibronectin-binding protein (fnbp) was expressed on the surface of the icosahedral cowpea mosaic virus (amino acids 1-30 of d2) or on the rod-shaped potato virus x (amino acids 1-38 of d2), termed cpmv-mast1 and pvx-mast8, respectively. mice and rats were immunized subcutaneously with cpmv-mast1 and mice with pvx-mast8 in adjuvant and high titres of fnbp-specific antibody were obtained. the mouse igg was predominantly of the igg2a and igg2b isotypes, whic ... | 1999 | 10217582 |
| position-dependent processing of peptides presented on the surface of cowpea mosaic virus. | the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has been developed as an epitope-presentation system. numerous epitopes have been expressed in the betab-betac loop of the cpmv small coat protein, all of which undergo a cleavage reaction between their two carboxy-terminal residues. although many peptides presented in this manner give an authentic immune response, this was not the case for the nim-1a epitope from human rhinovirus-14. crystallography revealed significant differences between the structur ... | 1999 | 10223342 |
| scope for using plant viruses to present epitopes from animal pathogens. | epitope presentation to the immune system for vaccination purposes can be achieved either via an inactivated or attenuated form of a pathogen or via its isolated antigenic sequences. when free, these peptides can adopt a variety of conformations, most of which will not exist in their native environment. conjugation to carrier proteins restricts mobility of the peptides and increases their immunogenicity. a high local concentration of epitopes boosts the immune response further and can be generat ... | 1998 | 10398492 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of bean pod mottle virus rna1: sequence comparisons and evolutionary relationships to other comoviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of bean pod mottle comovirus (bpmv) rna 1 was determined. it is 5983 nucleotides long, excluding the poly(a) tail, and encodes a polyprotein of 1850 amino acid (aa) residues. multiple alignments of the deduced aa sequence of bpmv polyprotein with those of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), red clover mottle virus (rcmv) and cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv) indicated that bpmv rna1 encodes the predicted set of five mature proteins: the equivalent of cpmv 32k protease c ... | 1999 | 10403699 |
| a chimaeric plant virus vaccine protects mice against a bacterial infection. | the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is an efficient carrier of foreign peptides for the generation of strong humoral immune responses. peptides derived from both viruses and bacteria are strongly immunogenic when displayed on the surface of cpmv and elicit high titres of peptide-specific antibody. however, the protective effects of antibodies generated using bacterial epitopes in this system have yet to be demonstrated. in this study the ability of chimaeric virus particles (cvps) to affo ... | 1999 | 10463172 |
| studies on hybrid comoviruses reveal the importance of three-dimensional structure for processing of the viral coat proteins and show that the specificity of cleavage is greater in trans than in cis. | a series of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv)-based hybrid comoviral rna-2 molecules have been constructed. in these, the region encoding both the large (l) and small (s) viral coat proteins was replaced by the equivalent region from bean pod mottle virus (bpmv). the hybrid rna-2 molecules were able to replicate in cowpea protoplasts in the presence of cpmv rna-1. though processing of the hybrid polyproteins by the cpmv-specific 24k proteinase at the site between the 58/48k and l proteins could readily ... | 1999 | 10544093 |
| structural fingerprinting: subgrouping of comoviruses by structural studies of red clover mottle virus to 2.4-a resolution and comparisons with other comoviruses. | red clover mottle virus (rcmv) is a member of the comoviruses, a group of picornavirus-like plant viruses. the x-ray structure of rcmv strain s has been determined and refined to 2.4 a. the overall structure of rcmv is similar to that of two other comoviruses, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) and bean pod mottle virus (bpmv). the sequence of the coat proteins of rcmv strain o were modeled into the capsid structure of strain s without causing any distortion, confirming the close resemblance between the ... | 2000 | 10590139 |
| immunogenic and antigenic dominance of a nonneutralizing epitope over a highly conserved neutralizing epitope in the gp41 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: its deletion leads to a strong neutralizing response. | the kennedy peptide, (731)prgpdrpegieeeggerdrdrs(752), from the cytoplasmic domain of the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of hiv-1 contains a conformationally dependent neutralizing epitope (erdrd) and a linear nonneutralizing epitope (ieee). no recognized murine t cell epitope is present. the peptide usually stimulates virus-specific antibody, but this is not always neutralizing. here we show that ieee (or possibly ieee plus adjacent sequence) is immunogenically and antigenically domin ... | 2000 | 10612661 |
| complementation of the host range restriction of southern cowpea mosaic virus in bean by southern bean mosaic virus. | vigna unguiculata (cowpea) and phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) are permissive hosts for southern cowpea mosaic virus (scpmv) and southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv), respectively. neither of these two sobemoviruses systemically infects the permissive host of the other. although bean cells are permissive for scpmv rna synthesis, they do not support the assembly of this virus. thus, the host range restriction of scpmv in bean may occur at the level of movement and may involve the inability of scpmv ... | 2000 | 10612668 |
| evidence for participation of rna 1-encoded elicitor in cowpea mosaic virus-mediated concurrent protection. | the cowpea (vigna unguiculata) line arlington, inoculated with cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), showed no symptoms, and no infectivity or accumulation of capsid antigen was detected at several days after inoculation. coinoculation, but not sequential inoculation, of cpmv with similar concentrations of another comovirus; cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv), resulted in reduced numbers of cpsmv-induced lesions. this apparent, cpmv-mediated reduction in number of cpsmv-induced infection centers was terme ... | 2000 | 10639316 |
| engineering cowpea mosaic virus rna-2 into a vector to express heterologous proteins in plants. | a series of new cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna-2-based expression vectors were designed. the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (gfp) was introduced between the movement protein (mp) and the large (l) coat protein or downstream of the small (s) coat protein. release of the gfp inserted between the mp and l proteins was achieved by creating artificial processing sites each side of the insert, either by duplicating the mp-l cleavage site or by introducing a sequence encoding the foot-and-mouth di ... | 2000 | 10662612 |
| chimeric animal and plant viruses expressing epitopes of outer membrane protein f as a combined vaccine against pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. | outer membrane protein f of pseudomonas aeruginosa has vaccine efficacy against infection by p. aeruginosa as demonstrated in a variety of animal models. through the use of synthetic peptides, three surface-exposed epitopes have been identified. these are called peptides 9 (aa 261-274 in the mature f protein, tdaynqklserran), 10 (aa 305-318, nataegrainrrve), and 18 (aa 282-295, neygveggrvnavg). both the peptide 9 and 10 epitopes are protective when administered as a vaccine. in order to develop ... | 2000 | 10727884 |
| influence of three-dimensional structure on the immunogenicity of a peptide expressed on the surface of a plant virus. | the influence of peptide structure on immunogenicity has been investigated by constructing a series of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) chimaeras expressing the 14 amino acid nim-1a epitope from human rhinovirus 14 (hrv-14) at different positions on the capsid surface. biochemical and crystallographic analysis of a cpmv/hrv chimaera expressing the nim-1a epitope inserted into the betac'-betac" loop of the s protein revealed that, although the inserted peptide was free at its c-terminus, it adopted a c ... | 2000 | 10822251 |
| cowpea mosaic virus infection induces a massive proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum but not golgi membranes and is dependent on de novo membrane synthesis. | replication of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is associated with small membranous vesicles that are induced upon infection. the effect of cpmv replication on the morphology and distribution of the endomembrane system in living plant cells was studied by expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp) targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and the golgi membranes. cpmv infection was found to induce an extensive proliferation of the er, whereas the distribution and morphology of the golgi stacks remain ... | 2000 | 10864669 |
| co-expression of the capsid proteins of cowpea mosaic virus in insect cells leads to the formation of virus-like particles. | the regions of rna-2 of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) that encode the large (l) and small (s) coat proteins were expressed either individually or together in spodoptera frugiperda (sf21) cells using baculovirus vectors. co-expression of the two coat proteins from separate promoters in the same construct resulted in the formation of virus-like particles whose morphology closely resembled that of native cpmv virions. no such particles were formed when the individual l and s proteins were expressed. s ... | 2000 | 11086140 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of sesbania mosaic virus: a new virus species of the genus sobemovirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the sesbania mosaic virus (semv) genomic rna was determined by sequencing overlapping cdna clones. the semv genome is 4149 nucleotides in length and encodes four potential overlapping open reading frames (orfs). comparison of the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the four orfs of semv with that of other sobemoviruses revealed that semv was closest to southern bean mosaic virus arkansas isolate (sbmv-ark, 73% identity). the 5' non-codin ... | 2001 | 11315633 |
| in vitro analysis of an rna binding site within the n-terminal 30 amino acids of the southern cowpea mosaic virus coat protein. | southern cowpea mosaic virus (scpmv) is a positive-sense rna virus with t = 3 icosahedral symmetry. the coat protein (cp) has two domains, the random (r) domain and the shell (s) domain. the r domain is formed by the n-terminal 64 amino acids (aa) and is localized to the interior of the particle where it is expected to interact with the viral rna. the r domain (aa 1--57) was expressed in escherichia coli as a recombinant protein (rwtr) containing a nonviral c-terminal extension with two histidin ... | 2001 | 11485399 |
| membrane activity of the southern cowpea mosaic virus coat protein: the role of basic amino acids, helix-forming potential, and lipid composition. | southern cowpea mosaic virus (scpmv) is a spherical rna virus with t = 3 icosahedral symmetry. the particle is composed of 180 subunits of the coat protein (cp) and one copy of the positive-sense viral rna. the cp has two domains, the random (r) domain formed by the n-terminal 64 aa and the shell (s) domain (aa 65--260). the r domain is highly charged, with 11 of the n-terminal 30 residues being basic. it is localized to the interior of the native particle where it may interact with the viral rn ... | 2001 | 11878899 |
| characterization of plant proteins that interact with cowpea mosaic virus '60k' protein in the yeast two-hybrid system. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) replication occurs in close association with small membranous vesicles in the host cell. the cpmv rna1-encoded 60 kda nucleotide-binding protein ('60k') plays a role in the formation of these vesicles. in this study, five cellular proteins were identified that interacted with different domains of 60k using a yeast two-hybrid search of an arabidopsis cdna library. two of these host proteins (termed vap27-1 and vap27-2), with high homology to the vap33 family of snare-li ... | 2002 | 11907339 |
| novel strategy for inhibiting viral entry by use of a cellular receptor-plant virus chimera. | the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has recently been developed as a biomolecular platform to display heterologous peptide sequences. such cpmv-peptide chimeras can be easily and inexpensively produced in large quantities from experimentally infected plants. this study utilized the cpmv chimera platform to create an antiviral against measles virus (mv) by displaying a peptide known to inhibit mv infection. this peptide sequence corresponds to a portion of the mv binding site on the human ... | 2002 | 11932408 |
| cowpea mosaic virus 32- and 60-kilodalton replication proteins target and change the morphology of endoplasmic reticulum membranes. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) replicates in close association with small membranous vesicles that are formed by rearrangements of intracellular membranes. to determine which of the viral proteins are responsible for the rearrangements of membranes and the attachment of the replication complex, we have expressed individual cpmv proteins encoded by rna1 in cowpea protoplasts by transient expression and in nicotiana benthamiana plants by using the tobacco rattle virus (trv) expression vector. the 32-k ... | 2002 | 12021362 |
| transgenic plants expressing hc-pro show enhanced virus sensitivity while silencing of the transgene results in resistance. | nicotiana benthamiana plants were engineered to express sequences of the helper component-proteinase (hc-pro) of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (cabmv). the sensitivity of the transgenic plants to infection with parental and heterologous viruses was studied. the lines expressing hc-pro showed enhanced symptoms after infection with the parental cabmv isolate and also after infection with a heterologous potyvirus, potato virus y (pvy) and a comovirus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). on the other ... | 2002 | 12206307 |
| molecular structures of viruses from raman optical activity. | a vibrational raman optical activity (roa) study of a range of different structural types of virus exemplified by filamentous bacteriophage fd, tobacco mosaic virus, satellite tobacco mosaic virus, bacteriophage ms2 and cowpea mosaic virus has revealed that, on account of its sensitivity to chirality, roa is an incisive probe of their aqueous solution structures at the molecular level. protein roa bands are especially prominent from which, as we have shown by comparison with the roa spectra of p ... | 2002 | 12237443 |
| rna-mediated virus resistance: role of repeated transgenes and delineation of targeted regions. | resistance to cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants is rna mediated. in resistant cpmv movement protein (mp) gene-transformed lines, transgene steady state mrna levels were low, whereas nuclear transcription rates were high, implying that a post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism is at the base of the resistance. the silencing mechanism can also affect potato virus x (pvx) rnas when they contain cpmv mp gene sequences. in particular, sequences situated in th ... | 1996 | 12239378 |
| agroinfection as a rapid method for propagating cowpea mosaic virus-based constructs. | to increase the efficiency of infections with cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv)-based constructs, clones suitable for agroinfection were constructed. full-length copies of rna-1 and rna-2 were inserted between the sequence of a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and a nos terminator and were introduced into the agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid, pbinplus. infiltration of leaves of either nicotiana benthamiana or cowpea (vigna unguiculata) with a bacterial suspension containing a mixture of th ... | 2002 | 12270666 |
| protein-rna interactions and virus stability as probed by the dynamics of tryptophan side chains. | the correlation between dynamics and stability of icosahedral viruses was studied by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence approaches. we compared the environment and dynamics of tryptophan side chains of empty capsids and ribonucleoprotein particles of two icosahedral viruses from the comovirus group: cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) and bean pod mottle virus (bpmv). we found a great difference between tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra of the ribonucleoprotein particles and the empty cap ... | 2002 | 12359712 |
| subcellular location of the helper component-proteinase of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. | the helper component-proteinase (hc-pro) of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) was expressed in escherichia coli and used to obtain hc-pro antiserum that was used as an analytical tool for hc-pro studies. the antiserum was used in immunofluorescence assays to study the subcellular location of hc-pro expressed with other viral proteins in cowpea protoplasts in a natural cabmv infection, or in protoplasts transfected with a transient expression construct expressing hc-pro separately from othe ... | 2002 | 12416684 |
| effect of priming/booster immunisation protocols on immune response to canine parvovirus peptide induced by vaccination with a chimaeric plant virus construct. | expression of a 17-mer peptide sequence from canine parvovirus expressed on cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) to form chimaeric virus particles (cvps) creates vaccine antigens that elicit strong anti-peptide immune responses in mice. systemic (subcutaneous, s.c.) immunisation and boosting with such cvp constructs produces igg(2a) serum antibody responses, while mucosal (intranasal, i.n.) immunisation and boosting elicits intestinal iga responses. combinations of systemic and mucosal routes for priming ... | 2003 | 12744877 |
| the molecular basis of the antigenic cross-reactivity between measles and cowpea mosaic viruses. | two nonrelated viruses, cowpea mosaic virus (wtcpmv) and measles virus (mv), were found to induce cross-reactive antibodies. the nature of this cross-reactivity was studied and results are presented here demonstrating that antiserum raised against wtcpmv reacted with peptide from the fusion (f) protein of mv. furthermore, the f protein of mv was shown to share an identical conformational b cell epitope with the small subunit of cpmv coat protein. passive transfer of anti-wtcpmv antibodies into b ... | 2003 | 12788642 |
| reduction of bladder cancer cell growth in response to hcgbeta ctp37 vaccinated mouse serum. | the free beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcgbeta) is well established as an ectopic product of epithelial tumors. originally explained as an epi-phenomenon, hcgbeta production by many types of carcinoma is increasingly regarded as a significant tumor event. studies in bladder cancer have shown that hcgbeta production, while not diagnostic, is a very good indicator for poor prognosis through correlations with resistance to radiotherapy and rapid metastasis. these clinical findings ... | 2003 | 14649543 |
| expression & immunogenicity of malaria merozoite peptides displayed on the small coat protein of chimaeric cowpea mosaic virus. | foreign peptide sequences can be inserted into the betab-betac loop of the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) small coat protein (scp) to yield functional chimaeric viruses. immunisation with chimaeric cpmv elicits immune responses that protect against human immunodeficiency and mink enteritis viruses. the present study was undertaken to investigate the expression of a b cell epitope from the merozoite surface antigen-1 of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum (pfmsp1) in cpmv for an epitope based ... | 2003 | 14700344 |