| the effect of an egyptian isolate of streptomyces afghanensis on some plant viruses. | an egyptian isolate of streptomyces afghanensis was examined for the production of antiviral metabolites. concentrated broth exudates of this microorganism were tested against tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), tomato mosaic virus (tomv) and potato virus x (pvx) infecting nicotiana tabacum l. cv. white burley. both concentrated metabolites and their acetone extract inhibited local lesion development of the tested viruses. in all cases, maximum antiviral effect was observed 2 hr after infection. the ult ... | 1992 | 1364025 |
| intracellular distribution of the 126k/183k and capsid proteins in cells infected by some tobamoviruses. | leaves of plants infected by tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) strain u1, tmv strain m, tomato mosaic virus strain dahlemense and tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain u2 were examined for the presence and intracellular distribution of their capsid and 126k/183k proteins by immunoblotting and immunogold electron microscopy. the bulk of the capsid protein was found in the virus bundles (crystals), although small amounts were found in the chloroplasts and nuclei of cells infected by some of these tobamo ... | 1992 | 1431815 |
| expression of a viral avirulence gene in transgenic plants is sufficient to induce the hypersensitive defense reaction. | tobacco plants containing the n' resistance gene exhibit a hypersensitive defense reaction when infected with tomato mosaic virus (tomv); infection results in necrotic lesions at the primary infection sites. in an attempt to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this plant-pathogen interaction, the tomv coat protein gene was joined by a transcriptional fusion to the strong constitutive 35s rna promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. this chimeric gene was introduced via agrobacterium ... | 1992 | 1515667 |
| a cdna clone of tomato mosaic virus is infectious in plants. | a cdna clone of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) genomic rna was fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter and the nopaline synthase gene polyadenylation signal. the transcriptional initiation site of the 35s rna promoter was altered by in vitro mutagenesis so that the resulting transcripts start at the first nucleotide of the tomv sequence. in addition, 12 nucleotides were inserted in the 5' untranslated region of the tomv genome. this plasmid, psln, was used to inoculate several host pl ... | 1992 | 1583735 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the movement genes of resistance breaking strains of tomato mosaic virus. | the nucleotide sequences were determined for the movement genes, encoding 30k proteins, of two resistance breaking strains of tomato mosaic virus (tomv), lii-tomv and liia-tomv. the putative amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins were compared with l-tomv and with two previously published resistance breaking strains, ltb1-tomv and c32-tomv. lii-tomv, a type 2 strain able to infect tomatoes containing the tm-2 gene, has four amino acid changes relative to l-tomv. one of these substitutions, ... | 1992 | 1730937 |
| transgenic tobacco plants expressing a coat protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus are resistant to some other tobamoviruses. | transgenic tobacco plants expressing the coat protein (cp) gene of tobacco mosaic virus were tested for resistance against infection by five other tobamoviruses sharing 45-82% homology in cp amino acid sequence with the cp of tobacco mosaic virus. the transgenic plants (cp+) showed significant delays in systemic disease development after inoculation with tomato mosaic virus or tobacco mild green mosaic virus compared to the control (cp-) plants, but showed no resistance against infection by ribg ... | 1990 | 2131095 |
| a classification of the tobamoviruses based on comparisons among their 126k proteins. | the products of partial proteolysis of the mr 126,000 in vitro translation products of the rna of eight tobamoviruses were separated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the peptide patterns obtained were compared using a computer program designed to establish phylogenetic relationships. the resulting most-parsimonious phylogenetic trees grouped the tobamoviruses into clusters i (tobacco mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus, tobacco mild green mosaic virus, pepper mild mottle virus) and ii (s ... | 1990 | 2230728 |
| [tomato proteins during infection with tomato mosaic virus]. | | 1990 | 2253544 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of the tobamovirus tobacco mild green mosaic virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of the tobamovirus tobacco mild green mosaic virus (tm-gmv) was determined. it shows 64.4% sequence homology with the genomic rna of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and 66.0% with that of tomato mosaic virus (tomv). its genomic organization is similar to that of tmv and tomv. the 5' proximal open reading frame (orf) encodes a 126k polypeptide and a 183k readthrough product in which nucleotide-binding and polymerase-sequence motifs are found. the thi ... | 1990 | 2371769 |
| conformational specificity of monoclonal antibodies used in the diagnosis of tomato mosaic virus. | ten monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) were raised to the tobamovirus, tomato mosaic virus (tomv). seven of the mcabs reacted with tomv only when tested in an elisa format, involving antibody-coated plates, which preserved the quaternary conformation of the viral protein. two mcabs which reacted with tomv only in an elisa using virus-coated plates recognized an antigenic determinant present only on the disassembled form of the viral coat protein. one mcab reacted with both the assembled and dissociat ... | 1987 | 2437887 |
| nucleotide sequences of 5' and 3' non-coding regions of pepper mild mottle virus strain s rna. | the nucleotide sequences of the 5' and 3' non-coding regions of pepper mild mottle virus strain s (pmmv-s) rna were determined; they are more like corresponding sequences of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) rna than those of any other tobamovirus reported so far. the 5' leader contains a 68 nucleotide guanosine-free sequence which differs in several nucleotides from the corresponding sequences in genomic rna of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and tomv. the messenger activity of pmmv-s rna in vitro and the ... | 1989 | 2584952 |
| novel application of h tube electrophoresis to separation technology. | the h tube electrophoresis technique was used for isolating human igg by the net effect of electrophoresis and electro-endosmosis in agarose gel containing human serum. in a similar experiment human serum albumin was purified by extracting the agarose gel slice containing the albumin following zone electrophoresis of serum in agarose. by taking advantage of the relatively high reverse electro-endosmotic flow compared to the migration of igg in agarose gel, sheep anti chicken immunoglobulin was f ... | 1983 | 6878178 |
| taxonomy of several tobamoviruses from china as determined by molecular hybridization analysis with complementary dna. | molecular hybridization analysis (mha) was used to show that several tobamoviruses isolated in china (namely populus bushy top virus, dihuang degeneration virus, common tobacco mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus and a mutant of tomato mosaic) are closely related to the u1 strain of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv-u1). youcai mosaic virus from rape is a distinct virus unrelated by mha to the tmv-u1 group or to several other definitive representatives of the tobamoviruses. | 1981 | 6895885 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus rna. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (orsv) was determined. the rna genome of orsv is 6618 nucleotides long and contains five open reading frames (orfs 1 to 5) coding for proteins of m(r) 126 k, 181 k, 34 k, 18 k and 52 k, respectively. this is the longest rna of the known viruses of the tobamovirus genus. the sequences of the orsv rna encoded proteins exhibit high homology to the proteins of the members of the tobamovirus genus. the genomic o ... | 1995 | 7487489 |
| resistance against multiple plant viruses in plants mediated by a double stranded-rna specific ribonuclease. | many plant viruses have single-stranded rnas as their genomes. during the course of replication, genomic rnas and their complementary template rnas are likely to form double-stranded (ds) rna at least transiently. to attack replication intermediates of many plant rna viruses specifically, we introduced a yeast-derived ds-rna specific rnase gene called pac 1 into plants. the transformed plants showed a decrease in lesion numbers when they were challenged with tomato mosaic virus, and a delay in t ... | 1995 | 7556661 |
| immunosorbent electron microscopic studies on a tobamovirus causing brinjal necrotic mosaic. | serological relationships of brinjal necrotic mosaic virus (bnmv), a strain of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) causing necrotic mosaic disease of brinjal in india to other tmv strains was investigated by immunosorbent electron microscopy (isem). the intensity of trapping and decoration revealed a close relationship of bnmv to tmv-d, tmv-u1 and tmv-wu1 strains, and a distant relationship to tmv-a1 and tmv-p11 strains. there was a negligible relationship to tmv-p14, tomato mosaic virus (tomv) and cucum ... | 1994 | 8067314 |
| broad resistance to tobamoviruses is mediated by a modified tobacco mosaic virus replicase transgene. | tobacco plants made transgenic to express the wild type tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) 183-kda replicase gene were not resistant to tmv. however, transgenic plants containing essentially the same sequences, but with an additional insertion that would terminate translation in the middle of the 183-kda gene, were highly resistant to systemic infection by tmv and other tobamoviruses. the 1.4-kbp insertion in the replicase open reading frame (orf) of the resistant plants was shown by dna sequencing to b ... | 1993 | 8274774 |
| nucleotide sequence of tobamovirus ob which can spread systemically in n gene tobacco. | the genomic rna sequence of tobamovirus ob (ob), which can spread systemically in tobacco carrying the n gene, was determined. it consists of 6507 nucleotides and contains four open reading frames, exactly corresponding to the genomic organization of tobamoviruses known so far, i.e. encoding the 130k, 180k, 30k and coat proteins. there were no nucleotide overlaps between any open reading frames. the ob nucleic acid sequence, predicted protein sequences and gene organization were compared with th ... | 1993 | 8376970 |
| two amino acid substitutions in the tomato mosaic virus 30-kilodalton movement protein confer the ability to overcome the tm-2(2) resistance gene in the tomato. | the tm-2(2) resistance gene is used in most commercial tomato cultivars for protection against infection with tobacco mosaic virus and its close relative tomato mosaic virus (tomv). to study the mechanism of this resistance gene, cdna clones encompassing the complete genome of a tomv strain (tomv-2(2)) that was able to break the tm-2(2) resistance were generated. chimeric full-length viral cdna clones were constructed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter, combining ... | 1993 | 8411345 |
| a ribozyme gene and an antisense gene are equally effective in conferring resistance to tobacco mosaic virus on transgenic tobacco. | ribozymes of the hammerhead class can be designed to cleave a target rna in a sequence-specific manner and can potentially be used to specifically modulate gene activity. we have targeted the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) genome with a ribozyme containing three catalytic hammerhead domains embedded within a 1 kb antisense rna. the ribozyme was able to cleave tmv rna at all three target sites in vitro at 25 degrees c. transgenic tobacco plants were generated which expressed the ribozyme or the corre ... | 1996 | 8602148 |
| addition of nucleotides similar to deleted caa repeats in the 5' non-coding region of tomato mosaic virus rna following propagation. | previously we made a series of deletion mutants in the 5' non-coding region of tomato mosaic tobamovirus (tomv) rna and checked their ability to replicate in tobacco protoplasts. long deletions in this region caused the virus to lose the ability to replicate. several mutants with deletions of about 10 nucleotides (short deletion mutants; sdm) retained the ability to replicate. in this study, we inoculated sdms onto systemic host plants and observed their symptoms. one mutant (19/32) caused sever ... | 1996 | 8811038 |
| molecular characterization of heterochromatic regions around the tm-2 locus in chromosome 9 of tomato. | the gene tm-2 (tomato mosaic virus (tomv) resistant), which is tightly linked to a morphological marker gene nv (netted virescent), resides in a heterochromatic region near the centromere of chromosome 9 in tomato. tm-2 and tm-2a are known to be allelic, and exhibit similar phenotypes to each other, but can be differentiated by their response to different tomv strains. an inoculation experiment demonstrated that tm-2 helped a mutant strain of tomv to infect a heterozygous tomato (tm-2/tm-2a). ai ... | 1996 | 9039437 |
| replication of wild-type and mutant clones of satellite tobacco mosaic virus in nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts. | rna transcribed from cloned satellite tobacco mosaic virus (stmv) cdna replicated in nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts when co-inoculated with tobacco mild green mosaic virus (tmgmv) genomic rna, but degraded when inoculated alone. stmv genomic rna extracted from wild-type virions replicated in protoplasts when co-inoculated with tmgmv, tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) or tomato mosaic virus (tomv). transcripts from clones of two stmv coat protein (cp) mutants accumulated to the same level as wild-typ ... | 1997 | 9191918 |
| complementation of a potato virus x mutant mediated by bombardment of plant tissues with cloned viral movement protein genes. | microprojectile bombardment was used to examine the transport function of the 25 kda movement protein (mp) encoded in the triple gene block of potato virus x (pvx). a 25 kda mp-defective full-length cloned pvx genome carrying a beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was co-bombarded with 35s promoter constructs containing either the 25 kda mp gene of wild-type pvx, the mp gene of either of two tobamoviruses (tomato mosaic virus or crucifer tobamovirus), red clover necrotic mosaic dianthovirus (r ... | 1997 | 9267010 |
| simultaneous detection of cucumber mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus and potato virus y by flow cytometry. | the simultaneous detection is described of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), potato virus y (pvy) and tomato mosaic virus (tomv) by flow cytometry. extracts from leaves of healthy and cmv or pvy infected plants were incubated with latex particles, each with a diameter of 3 microm. extracts from tomv infected or uninfected plants, however, were incubated with particles, each with a diameter of 6 microm. beads were washed and incubated in succession with primary and secondary antibodies, the latter lab ... | 1997 | 9504759 |
| specific sequence changes in the 5'-terminal region of the genome of satellite tobacco mosaic virus are required for adaptation to tobacco mosaic virus. | the genome of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (stmv) adapted to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), tomato mosaic virus or green tomato atypical mosaic virus consistently had two single base deletions at positions 1 and 61, corresponding to bases a and g, respectively, as compared to the type-strain genome which is naturally adapted to tobacco mild green mosaic virus (tmgmv). transcript rnas (stmv(tmv)) from clone pstmv(tmv) which captured the deletions at positions 1 and 61 were infectious when co-inocu ... | 1998 | 9568987 |
| tm-2(2) resistance in tomato requires recognition of the carboxy terminus of the movement protein of tomato mosaic virus. | the tm-2(2) resistance gene is used in most commercial tomato cultivars for protection against infection with tomato mosaic virus (tomv). it has been suggested that tm-2(2) resistance interferes with viral cell-to-cell movement in plants; tomv strain tomv-2(2) requires two amino acid (aa) exchanges in the carboxy-terminal region of the viral 30-kda movement protein (at positions 238 and 244) to overcome tm-2(2) resistance. for further analysis of this region of the 30-kda protein, two stop codon ... | 1998 | 9612948 |
| heterologous sequences greatly affect foreign gene expression in tobacco mosaic virus-based vectors. | a series of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-based hybrid vectors for transient gene expression were constructed with similar designs but differing in the source of heterologous tobamovirus sequence: odontoglossum ringspot virus, tobacco mild green mosaic virus variants u2 and u5, tomato mosaic virus, and sunn-hemp mosaic virus. these vectors contained a heterologous coat protein subgenomic mrna promoter and coat protein open reading frame (orf) and either tmv or heterologous 3' nontranslated region. ... | 1999 | 10069957 |
| ultrafiltration tests for the reutilization of greenhouse wastewater. | a lab-scale experiment was performed using two different pore-size ultrafiltration membranes to investigate the removal efficiency of tomato mosaic virus (tomv), retainability of pollutant and nutrients, and flow characteristics. from the experiment, it may be concluded that ultrafiltration can be used effectively to eliminate tomv. tests with a 30k pore-size ultrafiltration membrane achieved 99% virus removal efficiency and a 5k membrane practically removed 100% of the virus in greenhouse waste ... | 1999 | 10565428 |
| in vitro phosphorylation of the movement protein of tomato mosaic tobamovirus by a cellular kinase. | the movement protein (mp) of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) was produced in e. coli as a soluble fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase. when immobilized on glutathione affinity beads, the recombinant protein was phosphorylated in vitro by incubating with cell extracts of nicotiana tabacum and tobacco suspension culture cells (by-2) in the presence of [gamma-(32)p]atp. phosphorylation occurred even after washing the beads with a detergent-containing buffer, indicating that the recombinant mp ... | 2000 | 10900049 |
| tobamoviral movement protein transiently expressed in a single epidermal cell functions beyond multiple plasmodesmata and spreads multicellularly in an infection-coupled manner. | cell-to-cell movement of a plant virus requires expression of the movement protein (mp). it has not been fully elucidated, however, how the mp functions in primary infected cells. with the use of a microprojectile bombardment-mediated dna infection system for tomato mosaic virus (tomv), we found that the cotransfected tomv mp gene exerts its effects in the initially infected cells and in their surrounding cells to achieve multicellular spread of movement-defective tomv. five other tobamoviral mp ... | 2001 | 11204775 |
| [function of the leaky uga codon in ssrna plant virus genomes]. | the opal mutation (uga) at nucleotide 2670-2672 in the replicase gene of the attenuated tomato mosaic virus k (tomv-k) mainly contributes to the virus attenuation based on a series of studies on the viral attenuation mechanism. from analysis and comparison between the replicase gene mutation point of tomv-k and the related regions of all plant viruses containing the leaky uga, we have found that some characters, including the cgg motif, alpha-helix structure and some specific amino acids, are, p ... | 2001 | 11517596 |
| spectral quality may be used to alter plant disease development in celss. | plants were grown under light emitting diode (led) arrays with different spectral qualities to determine the effects of light on the development of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) in peppers and powdery mildew on cucumbers. one led array supplied 100% of the photosynthetic photon flux (ppf) at 660 nm, a second array supplied 90% of the ppf at 660 nm and 10% at 735 nm, and a third array supplied 98% of the ppf at 660 nm with 2% in the blue region (380-500 nm) supplied by blue fluorescent lamps. contro ... | 1994 | 11540212 |
| spectral quality affects disease development of three pathogens on hydroponically grown plants. | plants were grown under light-emitting diode (led) arrays with various spectra to determine the effects of light quality on the development of diseases caused by tomato mosaic virus (tomv) on pepper (capsicum annuum l.), powdery mildew [sphaerotheca fuliginea (schlectend:fr.) pollaci] on cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and bacterial wilt (pseudomonas solanacearum smith) on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). one led (660) array supplied 99% red light at 660 nm (25 nm bandwidth at half-peak he ... | 1997 | 11540250 |
| cloning of a tobacco cdna coding for a putative transcriptional coactivator mbf1 that interacts with the tomato mosaic virus movement protein. | viral movement through plasmodesmata in host plants depends on the interaction between virus-encoded movement protein (mp) and host proteins. to search for mp-interacting protein (mip), far-western screening of a tobacco cdna library was carried out using a recombinant mp of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) as a probe. one of the positive cdna clones, designated mip204, was highly homologous to a class of transcriptional coactivators commonly referred to as multiprotein bridging factor 1 (mbf1). tomv ... | 2002 | 12021302 |
| the potential use of a viral coat protein gene as a transgene screening marker and multiple virus resistance of pepper plants coexpressing coat proteins of cucumber mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus. | transgenic pepper plants coexpressing coat proteins (cps) of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv-kor) and tomato mosaic virus (tomv) were produced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. to facilitate selection for positive transformants in transgenic peppers carrying an l gene, we developed a simple and effective screening procedure using hypersensitive response upon tomv challenge inoculation. in this procedure, positive transformants could be clearly differentiated from the nontransformed plants. tr ... | 2002 | 12054354 |
| effects of replacing the movement protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus by that of tomato mosaic virus. | the broad bean strain of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv-b) infects nicotiana tabacum white burley systemically whereas the tomato strain of t. mosaic virus (tomv-s1) induces necrotic local lesions and is restricted to inoculated leaves. to examine the possible role of the viral movement protein (mp) in these symptom differences, a chimaeric virus (t/omp) was produced in which the tmv-b mp gene was replaced by the tomv-s1 mp gene. t/omp induced the same symptoms as tmv-b in n. tabacum white burley. ho ... | 2002 | 12135790 |
| nonsense mutations of replicase and movement protein genes contribute to the attenuation of an avirulent tomato mosaic virus. | three recovery mutants of an avirulent tomato mosaic virus genus: (tobamovirus) (tomv-k) with back mutations of the replicase and/or movement protein (mp) genes, have been constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, and infectious plasmids (ptomv-k) were obtained. the rescued phenotypes of the progeny viruses showed that the replicase and mp recovery mutant (tomv-k(rase-mp)) induced severe symptoms on both systemic and necrotic plants similar to those induced by the virulent strain. the replicase ... | 2002 | 12191775 |
| [production of monoclonal antibodies to tomato mosaic virus and application in virus detection]. | four hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies(mabs) against tomato mosaic virus(tomv) were produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells(sp2/0) with spleen cells from bal b/c immunized by the tomv particle. the four mabs could specifically react with tomv, and the mabs from two cell lines can react with tomv and tmv simultaneously. the titres of ascitic fluids of four mabs ranged from 1:32,000 to 1:1,024,000 with elisa, and the sensitivity for detection virus from the plant sap reached over ... | 2002 | 12557552 |
| the catalytic subunit of protein kinase ck2 phosphorylates in vitro the movement protein of tomato mosaic virus. | the movement protein (mp) of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) was reported previously by us to be phosphorylated in vitro by a cellular protein kinase(s) that exhibited several characteristics of casein kinase 2 (ck2). to characterize further this ck2-like cellular kinase, we have cloned cdnas encoding the ck2 catalytic subunit from tobacco and compared the properties of the recombinant protein with those of the ck2-like cellular kinase. the recombinant ck2 catalytic subunit formed a complex with tomv ... | 2003 | 12560584 |
| the role of some weeds as hosts of capsicum viruses in the rift valley parts of ethiopia. | hot pepper (capsicum annuum. l.) is a traditionally and economically important spice crop in ethiopia. chronic infection with viruses is reported as major constraint, that often force farmers to ban its production. however, epidemiological studies on these viruses are lacking in the country. knowledge of the weed flora as virus reservoir is essential to reduce the spread of plant viruses. the potential role of some frequently and abundantly occurring weed species as host plants for capsicum viru ... | 2002 | 12701434 |
| tomato mosaic virus replication protein suppresses virus-targeted posttranscriptional gene silencing. | posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs), a homology-dependent rna degradation system, has a role in defending against virus infection in plants, but plant viruses encode a suppressor to combat ptgs. using transgenic tobacco in which the expression of green fluorescent protein (gfp) is posttranscriptionally silenced, we investigated a tomato mosaic virus (tomv)-encoded ptgs suppressor. infection with wild-type tomv (l strain) interrupted gfp silencing in tobacco, coincident with visible symptom ... | 2003 | 14512550 |
| cloning and characterization of the durable tomato mosaic virus resistance gene tm-2(2) from lycopersicon esculentum. | in tomato, infections by tomato mosaic virus are controlled by durable tm-2(2) resistance. in order to gain insight into the processes underlying disease resistance and its durability, we cloned and analysed the tm-2(2) resistance gene and the susceptible allele, tm-2. the tm-2(20 gene was isolated by transposon tagging using a screen in which plants with a destroyed tm-2(2) gene survive. the tm-2(2) locus consists of a single gene that encodes an 861 amino acid polypeptide, which belongs to the ... | 2003 | 14558663 |
| cucumovirus- and bromovirus-encoded movement functions potentiate cell-to-cell movement of tobamo- and potexviruses. | cucumber mosaic virus (cmv, a cucumovirus) and brome mosaic virus (bmv, a bromovirus) require the coat protein (cp) in addition to the 3a movement protein (mp) for cell-to-cell movement, while cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv, a bromovirus) does not. using bombardment-mediated transcomplementation assays, we investigated whether the movement functions encoded by these viruses potentiate cell-to-cell movement of movement-defective tomato mosaic virus (tomv, a tobamovirus) and potato virus x (p ... | 2003 | 14592759 |
| replication of plant rna virus genomes in a cell-free extract of evacuolated plant protoplasts. | the replication of eukaryotic positive-strand rna virus genomes occurs through a complex process involving multiple viral and host proteins and intracellular membranes. here we report a cell-free system that reproduces this process in vitro. this system uses a membrane-containing extract of uninfected plant protoplasts from which the vacuoles had been removed by percoll gradient centrifugation. we demonstrate that the system supported translation, negative-strand rna synthesis, genomic rna repli ... | 2004 | 14769932 |
| reaction of lycopersicon species and varieties to potato virus y (pvy(ntn)) and tomato mosaic virus (tomv). | virus susceptibility of 33 lycopersicon species and varieties to ntn strain of potato virus y (pvy(ntn)) and tomato mosaic virus (tomv) were studied. inoculated plants were tested for infection symptomatologically, serologically and by back inoculation as well. new incompatible and compatible host-virus relations have been determined. all tested plants were susceptible to tomv. however, lycopersicon esculentum mill. convar. parviboccatum lehm. var. cerasiforme (dun.) alef. s.l., l. peruvianum (l ... | 2003 | 15151291 |
| interaction of tomato mosaic virus movement protein with tobacco rio kinase. | tomato mosaic virus (tomv) has a regulatory gene encoding a movement protein (mp) that is involved in the cell-to-cell movement of viral rna through plasmodesmata. to identify the host cell factors interacting with tomv mp, we used a recombinant mp probe to isolate cdna clones from a phage expression library of nicotiana tabacum by a far-western screening method. one of the cdna clones encoded an mp-interacting protein, mip-t7, homologous to the yeast novel protein kinase, rio1p. we isolated a f ... | 2004 | 15179034 |
| concentration of plant viruses using monolithic chromatographic supports. | a new chromatographic medium, convective interaction media(cim) disk monolithic columns, was applied to plant virus concentration. the ability of the columns to concentrate highly diluted plant viruses was tested on a model plant virus, rod-shaped tomato mosaic virus (tomv). enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used for the quantitative analysis. the virus was concentrated using a strong anion exchanger, cim quaternary amine (qa) disk monolithic column. a high salt concentration was use ... | 2004 | 15234809 |
| the tomato mosaic virus 30 kda movement protein interacts differentially with the resistance genes tm-2 and tm-2(2). | in tomato plants ( lycopersicon esculentum mill.), the genes tm-2 and tm-2(2) confer resistance to tomato mosaic virus (tomv). sequence analysis of tomv strains able to break the tm-2 or tm-2(2) resistance revealed distinct amino acid exchanges in the viral 30 kda protein, suggesting that the movement protein is recognized by both resistance genes to induce the plant defense reaction. to analyze the interactions between the tomv movement protein and the tm-2 and tm-2(2) genes in detail, we gener ... | 2004 | 15290376 |
| the symptom difference induced by tobacco mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus in tobacco plants containing the n gene is determined by movement protein gene. | tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and tomato mosaic virus (tomv) are two closely related viruses in the genus tobamovirus, but they induce obviously different sizes of necrotic lesions in tobacco plants containing the n gene. comparison of the symptoms produced by tmv, tomv and a chimaeric virus (t/omp), in which the tmv movement protein (mp) gene was replaced by the tomv mp gene, showed t/omp caused necrotic lesions that were similar in size to those of tomv in tobacco plants containing the n gene. th ... | 2004 | 15620106 |
| transgenic tomato plants expressing the arabidopsis npr1 gene display enhanced resistance to a spectrum of fungal and bacterial diseases. | development of effective disease-resistance to a broad-range of pathogens in crops usually requires tremendous resources and effort when traditional breeding approaches are taken. genetic engineering of disease-resistance in crops has become popular and valuable in terms of cost and efficacy. due to long-lasting and broad-spectrum of effectiveness against pathogens, employment of systemic acquired resistance (sar) for the genetic engineering of crop disease-resistance is of particular interest. ... | 2004 | 15672838 |
| the tobacco ubiquitin-activating enzymes nte1a and nte1b are induced by tobacco mosaic virus, wounding and stress hormones. | recent characterization of several genes involved in plant defense responses suggested that ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation has a role in these responses. we isolated two cdnas (ntuba1 and ntuba2) encoding ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1) from nicotiana tabacum cv. by-2. the open reading frames of both encoded 1080 amino acids, corresponding to molecular masses of 120 kda. the e1s and corresponding transcripts were upregulated by infection with tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and tomato mosaic ... | 2005 | 15879707 |
| identification of a tobacco protein interacting with tomato mosaic virus coat protein and facilitating long-distance movement of virus. | the protein-protein interaction of virus and host is essential for virus infection and host defense. the coat protein (cp) of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) has been proved to be involved in cell-to-cell and long-distance movements of viruses that are presumably related with the protein-protein interactions. however, the host proteins that interact with the tomv coat protein (tocp) are largely unknown. in this study, we isolated a cdna from a tobacco library through yeast two-hybrid system, which en ... | 2005 | 15931463 |
| tobamovirus-resistant tobacco generated by rna interference directed against host genes. | two homologous nicotiana tabacum genes nttom1 and nttom3 have been identified. these genes encode polypeptides with amino acid sequence similarity to arabidopsis thaliana tom1 and tom3, which function in parallel to support tobamovirus multiplication. simultaneous rna interference against nttom1 and nttom3 in n. tabacum resulted in nearly complete inhibition of the multiplication of tomato mosaic virus and other tobamoviruses, but did not affect plant growth or the ability of cucumber mosaic vir ... | 2005 | 16081069 |
| proteome analysis of embryo and endosperm from germinating tomato seeds. | proteome analysis of embryo and endosperm tissues from germinating tomato seed was conducted using 1-de, 2-de, and ms. mobilization of the most abundant proteins, which showed similar profiles in the two tissues, occurred first in the endosperm. cbb r-250 staining of 2-de gels revealed 352 and 369 major protein spots in the embryo and endosperm, respectively, at 0 h. of these, 75 major spots were selected, excised, in-gel digested with trypsin, and analyzed by maldi-tof-ms and/or lc-esi-q/tof-ms ... | 2005 | 16097031 |
| overexpression in transgenic tobacco reveals different roles for the rice homeodomain gene osbihd1 in biotic and abiotic stress responses. | the rice osbihd1 gene encodes a transcriptional factor belonging to the homeodomain class. it had previously been shown to be activated by treatment with benzothiadiazole, a chemical inducer of disease resistance, and in an incompatible interaction between rice and the blast fungus. to allow a better understanding of the function of osbihd1 in plant disease resistance response, the osbihd1 gene in tobacco was overexpressed by agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation with a construct conta ... | 2005 | 16105854 |
| the products of the broken tm-2 and the durable tm-2(2) resistance genes from tomato differ in four amino acids. | to gain an insight into the processes underlying disease resistance and its durability, the durable tm-2(2) resistance gene was compared with the broken tm-2 resistance gene. the tm-2 gene of tomato could be isolated via pcr with primers based on the tm-2(2) sequence. the tm-2 gene, like the tm-2(2) gene, encodes an 861 amino acid polypeptide, which belongs to the coiled coil/nucleotide binding site/leucine-rich repeat class of resistance proteins. the functionality and the nature of the isolate ... | 2005 | 16172136 |
| inducible virus-mediated expression of a foreign protein in suspension-cultured plant cells. | although suspension-cultured plant cells have many potential merits as sources of useful proteins, the lack of an efficient expression system has prevented using this approach. in this study, we established an inducible tomato mosaic virus (tomv) infection system in tobacco by-2 suspension-cultured cells to inducibly and efficiently produce a foreign protein. in this system, a modified tomv encoding a foreign protein as replacement of the coat protein is expressed from stably transformed cdna un ... | 2006 | 16421635 |
| a novel rice mapk gene, osbimk2, is involved in disease-resistance responses. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play important roles in transmission of extracellular signals to the downstream effector proteins through a mechanism of protein phosphorylation. in this study, we isolated and identified a novel rice mapk gene, osbimk2 ( oryzae sativa l. bth-induced map kinase 2). the osbimk2 encodes a 506 amino acid protein with molecular weight of 63 kd. the recombinant osbimk2 expressed in escherichia coli showed an autophosphorylation activity in vitro. o ... | 2006 | 16755461 |
| membrane-bound tomato mosaic virus replication proteins participate in rna synthesis and are associated with host proteins in a pattern distinct from those that are not membrane bound. | extracts of vacuole-depleted, tomato mosaic virus (tomv)-infected plant protoplasts contained an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) that utilized an endogenous template to synthesize tomv-related positive-strand rnas in a pattern similar to that observed in vivo. despite the fact that only minor fractions of the tomv 130- and 180-kda replication proteins were associated with membranes, the rdrp activity was exclusively associated with membranes. a genome-sized, negative-strand rna template was ... | 2006 | 16912296 |
| short monolithic columns--a breakthrough in purification and fast quantification of tomato mosaic virus. | drawbacks of conventional virus purification methods have led to the development of new, mostly chromatography-based methods. short monolithic columns are stationary phases intended for purification of large molecules. in this work efficient chromatographic purification of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) from plant material is described. based on short monolithic column, the purification process was shortened from 5 days to 2 hours. high viral purity was achieved and recovery of chromatographic step ... | 2007 | 17097098 |
| identification of a ribonucleoprotein intermediate of tomato mosaic virus rna replication complex formation. | the replication of eukaryotic positive-strand rna virus genomes occurs in the membrane-bound rna replication complexes. previously, we found that the extract of evacuolated tobacco by-2 protoplasts (byl) is capable of supporting the translation and subsequent replication of the genomic rnas of plant positive-strand rna viruses, including tomato mosaic virus (tomv). here, to dissect the process that precedes the formation of tomv rna replication complexes, we prepared membrane-depleted byl (mdbyl ... | 2007 | 17108048 |
| conferring cadmium resistance to mature tobacco plants through metal-adsorbing particles of tomato mosaic virus vector. | tomato mosaic virus vectors were designed that produced, by a translational readthrough, a fusion protein consisting of coat protein and metal-binding peptide, as a result of which particles were expected to present the metal-binding peptides on their surface. when inoculated in plants, they were expected to replicate and form a metal-adsorbing artificial sink in the cytoplasm, so as to reduce metal toxicity. vectors were constructed harbouring sequences encoding various lengths of polyhistidine ... | 2006 | 17147634 |
| the double-resistance-breaking tomato mosaic virus strain tomv1-2 contains two independent single resistance-breaking domains. | tomato mosaic virus (tomv) causes a serious loss of yield and fruit quality in tomato crops. to control tomv, three resistance genes, tm-1, tm-2, and tm-2(2) from wild tomato species were introduced into commercial tomato cultivars. soon after, however, single and, rarely, double-resistance-breaking virus strains for tm-1 and tm-2 emerged. sequence analysis of a tm-1/tm-2 double-resistance-breaking virus, designated tomv1-2, revealed 30 nucleotide substitutions compared with wild-type tomv. of t ... | 2007 | 17238011 |
| synergistic pathogenicity of a phloem-limited begomovirus and tobamoviruses, despite negative interference. | in contrast to previous observations on phloem-limited geminiviruses supported in movement andaccumulation by rna viruses such as cucumo- and tobamoviruses, tissue infiltration by abutilon mosaic virus (abmv) was enhanced by neither tobacco mosaic virus nor tomato mosaic virus (tomv) in two different hosts, nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. both tobamoviruses exerted a negative effect on the dna virus, resulting in a decrease in abmv accumulation and significantly reduced infectivity in n. benth ... | 2007 | 17325378 |
| complete genome sequence supports bell pepper mottle virus as a species of the genus tobamovirus. | biological properties and the complete genome sequence of bell pepper mottle virus (bpemv) were determined. the full genome of bpemv consists of 6375 nucleotides. the bpemv genomic rna has four open reading frames (orfs) encoding proteins of m(r) 126, 181, 30 and 18 kda from the 5' to the 3' end, respectively. the lengths of the 5' nontranslated region (ntr) and the 3' ntr are 71 and 198 nucleotides, respectively. overall identities for the four orfs of bpemv, at the nucleotide and amino acid le ... | 2007 | 17334946 |
| detection and characterization of tobacco mild green mosaic virus (tmgmv) large type isolate from trailing petunia in france. | during 2003 and 2004, unusual viral symptoms were observed on surfinia trailing petunias in protected cultivations of southern france. symptoms consisted in yellow mosaic and distortion of the leaves accompanied by vein necrosis in some samples. the flowers were deformed and showed light colour break of the petals. electron microscope observation of negatively stained leaf-dip from symptomatic leaves showed straight rod-shaped virus particles of about 300 nm in length. sap extracts reacted in do ... | 2006 | 17390885 |
| occurrence of viruses infecting pea in iran. | a survey was conducted to determine the incidence of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), broad bean wilt virus-1 (bbwv), pea leafroll virus (plrv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), pea seed borne mosaic virus (psbmv), potato virus x(pvx), tomato mosaic virus (tomv), tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) on pea (pisum sativum) in iran. a total of 1276 random and 684 symptomatic pea samples were collected during the spring and summer of 2002-2004 in tehran province of iran, whe ... | 2006 | 17390891 |
| an inhibitor of viral rna replication is encoded by a plant resistance gene. | the tomato tm-1 gene confers resistance to tomato mosaic virus (tomv). here, we report that the extracts of tm-1 tomato cells (gcr237) have properties that inhibit the in vitro rna replication of wt tomv more strongly than that of the tm-1-resistance-breaking mutant of tomv, lt1. we purified this inhibitory activity and identified a polypeptide of approximately 80 kda (p80(gcr237)) using lc-tandem ms. the amino acid sequence of p80(gcr237) had no similarity to any characterized proteins. the p80 ... | 2007 | 17699618 |
| design and application of two novel degenerate primer pairs for the detection and complete genomic characterization of potyviruses. | two pairs of degenerate primers were designed from sequences within the potyviral ci (cifor/cirev) and hc-pro-coding regions (hpfo/hprev), and these were shown to be highly specific to members of the genus potyvirus. using the cifor and cirev primers, three novel potyviruses infecting crop and weed species from vietnam were detected, namely telosma mosaic virus (telmv) infecting telosma (telosma cordata, asclepiadaceae), peace lily mosaic virus (pelmv) infecting peace lily (spathiphyllum patinii ... | 2008 | 17906831 |
| antiviral rna silencing is restricted to the marginal region of the dark green tissue in the mosaic leaves of tomato mosaic virus-infected tobacco plants. | mosaic is a common disease symptom caused by virus infection in plants. mosaic leaves of tomato mosaic virus (tomv)-infected tobacco plants consist of yellow-green and dark green tissues that contain large and small numbers of virions, respectively. although the involvement of rna silencing in mosaic development has been suggested, its role in the process that results in an uneven distribution of the virus is unknown. here, we investigated whether and where tomv-directed rna silencing was establ ... | 2008 | 18216118 |
| responses of helicoverpa armigera to tomato plants previously infected by tomv or damaged by h. armigera. | we report the comparative inducing effects of a phytopathogen and a herbivorous arthropod on the performance of an herbivore. tomato, lycopersicon esculentum mill., was used as the test plant, and tomato mosaic virus (tomv) and corn earworm, helicoverpa armigera hübner, were used as the phytopathogen and herbivore, respectively. there were decreases in the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and efficiency of conversion of digested food when h. armigera was reared on tomato plants that had ... | 2008 | 18286340 |
| overexpression of a host factor tom1 inhibits tomato mosaic virus propagation and suppression of rna silencing. | a plant integral membrane protein tom1 is involved in the multiplication of tomato mosaic virus (tomv). tom1 interacts with tomv replication proteins and has been suggested to tether the replication proteins to the membranes where the viral rna synthesis takes place. we have previously demonstrated that inactivation of tom1 results in reduced tomv multiplication. in the present study, we show that overexpression of tom1 in tobacco also inhibits tomv propagation. tom1 overexpression led to a decr ... | 2008 | 18440043 |
| analysis of tobamovirus multiplication in arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in tom2a homologues. | the tom2a gene of arabidopsis thaliana encodes a four-pass transmembrane protein that is required for efficient multiplication of a tobamovirus, tmv-cg. in this study, the involvement of three tom2a homologues in tobamovirus multiplication in a. thaliana was examined. t-dna insertion mutations in the three homologues, separately or in combination, did not affect tmv-cg multiplication, whereas, in the tom2a genetic background, some combinations reduced it. this result suggests that the tom2a homo ... | 2008 | 18474569 |
| overexpression of a rice defense-related f-box protein gene osdrf1 in tobacco improves disease resistance through potentiation of defense gene expression. | f-box proteins play important roles in plant growth/development and responses to environmental stimuli through targeting substrates into degradation machinery. a rice defense-related f-box protein gene, osdrf1, was cloned and identified during a course of study aimed at elucidating the molecular basis of induced immunity in rice. osdrf1 encodes a protein of 328 amino acids, containing a highly conserved f-box domain. expression of osdrf1 was induced upon treatment with benzothiadiazole (bth), a ... | 2008 | 18573188 |
| characterization of a specific interaction between ip-l, a tobacco protein localized in the thylakoid membranes, and tomato mosaic virus coat protein. | we previously demonstrated a specific interaction between tomato mosaic virus (tomv) coat protein (cp) and a tobacco protein designated ip-l that may be involved in the long-distance movement of tomv. here, using the yeast two-hybrid system and gst pull-down assay, we demonstrated that the n-terminal helical region (residues 3-18) of ip-l is required for the interaction, while two alpha-helical domains (residues 21-31 and 142-147) of tomv cp are involved. furthermore, using immunoblotting, we sh ... | 2008 | 18625203 |
| double-stranded viral rna content in tobacco leaves infected with virulent-and avirulent isolates of tomato mosaic virus. | the changes in double-stranded rna content in tobacco leaves inoculated with tomato mosaic virus (tomv) and its avirulent mutant n14 were compared by [3h]uridine incorporation and resistance to rnase. it was found that the content of double-stranded rna (dsrna) in leaves infected with n14 was higher than in those infected with tomv. at the second day after inoculation, the percentage of dsrna resistant to rnase in leaves inoculated with n14 was 58.4%; in those with tomv it was 42.8%. subsequentl ... | 1982 | 18635137 |
| insertion in the coding region of the movement protein improves stability of the plasmid encoding a tomato mosaic virus-based expression vector. | a major obstacle in the genetic manipulation of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) is the instability of the plasmid containing the infectious full-length cdna of the tomv vector, which often prevents the subcloning of a foreign gene of interest into the vector. we found that an insertion of a 0.3-1.6-kbp dna fragment in the movement protein (mp) coding region effectively attenuated bacterial toxicity of the plasmid and greatly increased plasmid yield. accumulation of a modified tomv containing a 0.3-kb ... | 2008 | 18654737 |
| monoclonal antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of jasmonates in plants. | methyl jasmonate (meja) and its free-acid form, jasmonic acid (ja) are naturally occurring plant growth regulators widely distributed in higher plants. in order to improve the sensitivity for the analysis of meja at low levels in small amounts of plant samples, a monoclonal antibody (mab) (designated as mab 3e(5)d(7)c(4)b(6)) against meja was derived from a ja-bovine serum albumin (bsa) conjugate as an immunogen. the antibody belongs to the igg(1) subclass with a kappa type light chain and has a ... | 2008 | 18713355 |
| identification of an arabidopsis thaliana protein that binds to tomato mosaic virus genomic rna and inhibits its multiplication. | the genomic rnas of positive-strand rna viruses carry rna elements that play positive, or in some cases, negative roles in virus multiplication by interacting with viral and cellular proteins. in this study, we purified arabidopsis thaliana proteins that specifically bind to 5' or 3' terminal regions of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) genomic rna, which contain important regulatory elements for translation and rna replication, and identified these proteins by mass spectrometry analyses. one of these ... | 2008 | 18762309 |
| effects of mutated replicase and movement protein genes on attenuation of tobacco mosaic virus. | our previous reports showed that one opal mutation (uga) and one ochre mutation (uaa) respectively located in the replicase and movement protein (mp) genes of the attenuated tomato mosaic virus k(tomv-k) contribute to the viral attenuation. to explore a wider application of this attenuation pattern to other plant viruses, we have constructed three mutants which respectively contain one opal mutation of the replicase gene and/or one ochre mutation of the mp using pcr-mediated site-directed mutage ... | 2001 | 18763104 |
| a novel anti-plant viral protein from coelomic fluid of the earthworm eisenia foetida: purification, characterization and its identification as a serine protease. | a novel protein showing strong antiviral activities against cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) and tomato mosaic virus (tmv) was purified from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm eisenia foetida. the protein was characterized as a cold-adapted serine protease. its molecular weight was estimated to be 27,000 by sds-page. the enzyme was most active at ph 9.5 and 40-50 degrees c. the protease activity at 4 degrees c was 60% of that obtained at the optimal temperature. the activity was suppressed by variou ... | 2008 | 18775500 |
| over-expression of putative transcriptional coactivator kelp interferes with tomato mosaic virus cell-to-cell movement. | tomato mosaic virus (tomv) encodes a movement protein (mp) that is necessary for virus cell-to-cell movement. we have demonstrated previously that kelp, a putative transcriptional coactivator of arabidopsis thaliana, and its orthologue from brassica campestris can bind to tomv mp in vitro. in this study, we examined the effects of the transient over-expression of kelp on tomv infection and the intracellular localization of mp in nicotiana benthamiana, an experimental host of the virus. in co-bom ... | 2009 | 19236566 |
| rpi-vnt1.1, a tm-2(2) homolog from solanum venturii, confers resistance to potato late blight. | despite the efforts of breeders and the extensive use of fungicide control measures, late blight still remains a major threat to potato cultivation worldwide. the introduction of genetic resistance into cultivated potato is considered a valuable method to achieve durable resistance to late blight. here, we report the identification and cloning of rpi-vnt1.1, a previously uncharacterized late-blight resistance gene from solanum venturii. the gene was identified by a classical genetic and physical ... | 2009 | 19348576 |
| mapping and cloning of late blight resistance genes from solanum venturii using an interspecific candidate gene approach. | late blight, caused by the oomycete phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of potato. resistance (r) genes from the wild species solanum demissum have been used by breeders to generate late-blight-resistant cultivars but resistance was soon overcome by the pathogen. a more recent screening of a large number of wild species has led to the identification of novel sources of resistance, many of which are currently being characterized further. here, we report on the cloning ... | 2009 | 19348577 |
| an inhibitory interaction between viral and cellular proteins underlies the resistance of tomato to nonadapted tobamoviruses. | any individual virus can infect only a limited range of hosts, and most plant species are "nonhosts" to a given virus; i.e., all members of the species are insusceptible to the virus. in nonhost plants, the factors that control virus resistance are not genetically tractable, and how the host range of a virus is determined remains poorly understood. tomato (solanum lycopersicum) is a nonhost species for tobacco mild green mosaic virus (tmgmv) and pepper mild mottle virus (pmmov), members of the g ... | 2009 | 19423673 |
| broomrape can acquire viruses from its hosts. | broomrapes (phelipanche, formerly orobanche) are parasitic plants that physically connect with the vascular systems of their hosts through haustorial structures. in this study, we found that cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), tomato mosaic virus (tomv), potato virus y (pvy), and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) translocate from infected host plants to phelipanche aegyptiaca. in order to examine whether these viruses, and specifically cmv, replicate in the parasite, we tested several replication p ... | 2009 | 19821737 |
| development and evaluation of robust molecular markers linked to disease resistance in tomato for distinctness, uniformity and stability testing. | molecular markers linked to phenotypically important traits are of great interest especially when traits are difficult and/or costly to be observed. in tomato where a strong focus on resistance breeding has led to the introgression of several resistance genes, resistance traits have become important characteristics in distinctness, uniformity and stability (dus) testing for plant breeders rights (pbr) applications. evaluation of disease traits in biological assays is not always straightforward b ... | 2010 | 19855951 |
| complete genome sequence of a tobacco isolate of the tobacco vein banding mosaic virus strain prevailing in china. | tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (tvbmv) is a species of the largest plant virus genus potyvirus. its incidence has been increasing in chinese tobacco-growing area. tvbmv isolates can be clustered into three genetic groups that are corresponding with their geographical origin. we have reported the complete genomic sequence of tvbmv isolate ynd with unique nib/cp cleavage site. here, we determined and analyzed the complete genomic sequence of isolate hn39, which was collected from tobacco in hen ... | 2010 | 20012876 |
| inducible viral inoculation system with cultured plant cells facilitates a biochemical approach for virus-induced rna silencing. | an inducible virus infection system was demonstrated to be an efficient protein expression system for inducing synchronous virus vector multiplication in suspension-cultured plant cells. a gfp-tagged tomato mosaic virus (tomv-gfp) derivative that has a defect in its 130 k protein, a silencing suppressor of tomv, was synchronously infected to tobacco by2 cultured cells using this system. in the infection-induced cells, viral rna was degraded rapidly, and a cytosol extract prepared from the infect ... | 2010 | 20035436 |
| comparative post-harvest behaviour of traditional and virus-resistant muchamiel tomatoes. | nowadays, organoleptic quality is the primary objective for almost all tomato breeding programmes. in this study, post-harvest behaviour of a breeding line with genetic resistance to important viruses (tomato mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus) has been compared with the original traditional landrace (muchamiel). the breeding line has been obtained by backcrossing, introgressing three resistance genes but aiming to keep the quality characteristics of the tr ... | 2010 | 20355147 |
| oligonucleotide microarray-based detection and identification of 10 major tomato viruses. | a dna microarray chip was developed for screening 10 major economically important tomato viruses from infected plants using "combimatrix" platform 40-mer oligonucleotide probes. a total of 279 oligonucleotide virus probes were specific for simultaneous multiple detection, identification, differentiation and/or genotyping of each of the following tomato rna viruses and/or strains and a virus satellite: cucumber mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus satellite rna, tomatoinfectiouschlorosisvirus, tom ... | 2010 | 20470828 |
| cross-protection in arabidopsis against crucifer tobamovirus cg by an attenuated strain of the virus. | summary cross-protection is a procedure that has been utilized to protect crops against virulent strains of viruses by pre-treatment with closely related attenuated strains of the virus. we constructed a mutant of crucifer tobamovirus cg, which is analogous to l(11)a, an attenuated strain of tomato mosaic virus-l (tomv-l). this mutant, named cgyd, caused few disease symptoms and could spread throughout arabidopsis thaliana col-0 plants. initial infection with cgyd was shown to efficiently cross- ... | 2003 | 20569386 |
| the 126- and/or 183-kda replicases or their coding regions are responsible both for inefficient local and for systemic movements of paprika mild mottle virus japanese strain in tomato plants. | paprika mild mottle virus japanese strain (pammv-j), a member of the genus tobamovirus, was originally isolated from sweet pepper plants (capsicum annuum l.). in experimental conditions, pammv-j spread more slowly in inoculated leaves of tomato plants and moved to uninoculated upper leaves at a lower frequency than tomato mosaic virus (tomv). in this study, we aimed to identify the viral factors responsible for the low efficiency of local and systemic movement of pammv-j in tomato plants. using ... | 2010 | 20708047 |
| identification of an amino acid residue required for differential recognition of a viral movement protein by the tomato mosaic virus resistance gene tm-2(2). | the tm-2 gene of tomato and its allelic gene, tm-2(2), confer resistance to tomato mosaic virus (tomv) and encode a member of the coiled-coil/nucleotide binding-arc/leucine-rich repeat (lrr) protein class of plant resistance (r) genes. despite exhibiting only four amino acid differences between the products of tm-2 and tm-2(2), tm-2(2) confers resistance to tomv mutant b7, whereas tm-2 is broken by tomv-b7. an agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system was used to study the mechanism of ... | 2011 | 21310506 |
| the nonstructural protein pc6 of rice grassy stunt virus trans-complements the cell-to-cell spread of a movement-defective tomato mosaic virus. | the nonstructural protein pc6 encoded by rice grassy stunt virus is thought to correspond functionally to the nonstructural protein pc4 of rice stripe virus, which can support viral cell-to-cell movement. in a trans-complementation experiment with a movement-defective tomato mosaic virus, pc6 and pc4 facilitated intercellular transport of the virus. transient expression of pc6, fused with green fluorescent protein, in epidermal cells was predominantly observed close to the cell wall as well as i ... | 2011 | 21327784 |
| multiplex rt-pcr detection of cucumber mosaic virus subgroups and tobamoviruses infecting tomato using 18s rrna as an internal control. | a multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocol was developed for simultaneous detection and discrimination of subgroups of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), including its satellite rna, tomato mosaic virus (tomv) and tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), using 18s rrna as an internal control. species- and subgroups-specific primers designed to differentiate cmv subgroups i and ii, tomv and tmv, were assessed using the cdna clones of viral genomes, cmv satellite rna and 18s rrna g ... | 2011 | 21531735 |
| detection of tobacco mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus in pepper and tomato by multiplex rt-pcr. | aims:ôçé to develop a highly sensitive and rapid protocol for simultaneous detection and differentiation of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and tomato mosaic virus (tomv) in pepper and tomato. in this study, we use the multiplex pcr technique to detect dual infection of these two viruses. methods and results:ôçé a multiplex rt-pcr method consisting of one-tube reaction with two primer pairs targeted to replicase genes was developed to simultaneously detect tmv and tomv in seed samples of pepper and t ... | 2011 | 21740446 |
| Expression, purification, and functional characterization of a stable helicase domain from a tomato mosaic virus replication protein. | Tomato mosaic virus (genus, Tobamovirus) is a member of the alphavirus-like superfamily of positive-strand RNA viruses, which include many plant and animal viruses of agronomical and clinical importance. The RNA of alphavirus-like superfamily members encodes replication-associated proteins that contain a putative superfamily 1 helicase domain. To date, a viral three-dimensional superfamily 1 helicase structure has not been solved. For the study reported herein, we expressed tomato mosaic virus r ... | 2012 | 21964444 |
| genetic variability and evolutionary analyses of the coat protein gene of tomato mosaic virus. | tomato mosaic virus (tomv), a member of the genus tobamovirus, infects several ornamental and horticultural crops worldwide. in this study, the nucleotide sequences of the coat protein gene of worldwide tomv isolates were analyzed to estimate the genetic structure and diversity of this virus and the involved evolutionary forces. the phylogenetic analysis showed three clades with high bootstrap support: clade i contained three tomv isolates from brazil collected from pepper, clade ii comprised on ... | 2011 | 21881940 |