| fate of pea enation mosaic virus in pemv-injected pea aphids. | | 1975 | 1146226 |
| potyviruses, monoclonal antibodies, and antigenic sites. | virus-specific and cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies have been produced to at least 19 different aphid-transmitted potyviruses. this report summarizes the development of these monoclonal antibodies as well as presents information on the delineation of the virus-specific and group-common epitopes defined by these monoclonal antibodies. virus-specific and group-common antigenic determinants were mapped by a variety of techniques, including analysis of antigen: antibody reactivity patterns, dete ... | 1992 | 1280511 |
| protection against detrimental effects of potyvirus infection in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the papaya ringspot virus coat protein gene. | we obtained transgenic tobacco plants expressing the papaya ringspot virus (prv) coat protein (cp) gene by transformation via agrobacterium tumefaciens. expression was effectively monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) of crude tissue extracts. subcloned plants derived from eight original ro transformants were inoculated with potyviruses: tobacco etch (tev), potato virus y (pvy), and pepper mottle (pemv). plants that accumulated detectable levels of the prv cp showed significant ... | 1991 | 1367635 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of pepper mottle virus genomic rna: comparison of the encoded polyprotein with those of other sequenced potyviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a pepper mottle virus isolate from california (pepmov c) has been determined from cloned viral cdnas. the pepmov c genomic rna is 9640 nucleotides excluding the poly(a) tail and contains a long open reading frame starting at nucleotide 168 and potentially encoding a polyprotein of 3068 amino acids. comparison of the pepmov c presumptive polyprotein with those of other sequenced members of the potyvirus group, including tobacco etch virus (tev), tobacco vein mo ... | 1992 | 1413501 |
| a comparison of pepper mottle virus with potato virus y and evidence for their distinction. | pepper mottle virus (pepmov) was identified as a distinct potyvirus infecting peppers in arizona and florida in the 1970's. the distinction of pepmov from potato virus y (pvy) has recently been challenged on the basis of sequence comparisons of the coat proteins and of the 3' nontranslated regions of the viral rnas. we summarize the biological, cytological, serological, and in vitro translational studies which compare the apparent differences, and also similarities, between pepmov and pvy. we co ... | 1992 | 1450758 |
| is pepper mottle virus a strain of potato virus y? | on the basis of serological properties and host plant reactions pepper mottle virus (pepmov) has been classified as a potyvirus related to, but distinct from, other pepper-infecting potyviruses, potato virus y (pvy) and tobacco etch virus (tev). recent amino acid and nucleotide sequence data show that pepmov is more closely related to pvy than previously assumed. pepmov shows a high degree of homology to various pvy strains in both the coat protein and the 3' non-translated sequences, while unre ... | 1992 | 1450759 |
| evidence that pepper mottle virus and potato virus y are distinct viruses: analyses of the coat protein and 3' untranslated sequence of a california isolate of pepper mottle virus. | pepper mottle virus (pepmov) is a member of the large and complex genus potyvirus, and is classically distinguished from other members of the genus by differential host range and cytopathology as well as serology of the coat protein and cytoplasmic inclusion body proteins. here we report the deduced amino acid sequence of the coat protein of a california potyvirus identified by a variety of classical methods as pepmov (pepmov c). comparison of the 3' untranslated nucleic acid sequence and the de ... | 1992 | 1450760 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of potato virus a rna. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal region of the genome of the potato virus a (pva) was obtained from two independent cdna clones. this sequence is 1383 nucleotides long and contains an open reading frame of 1178 nucleotides, ending with the translation termination codon taa and followed by untranslated region of 205 nucleotides. since the n-terminal amino acid of the coat protein of pva was blocked, the position of the putative coat protein cleavage site has been deduced by searching for consensus ... | 1992 | 1604933 |
| the nucleotide sequence and luteovirus-like nature of rna 1 of an aphid non-transmissible strain of pea enation mosaic virus. | an examination of the genomic strategy of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) rna 1 has verified strong organizational and sequence relationships between pemv and the beet western yellows-potato leafroll luteovirus subgroup. sequence analysis of rna 1 demonstrated five predominant open reading frames (orfs). the extreme 5' orf encodes a 34k product of unknown function. the second orf encodes an 84k product which overlaps 90% of orf 1 (in a unique reading frame) and is expressed by internal initiatio ... | 1991 | 1875194 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of potato virus yn rna. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1611 nucleotides of the genome of the tobacco veinal necrosis strain of potato virus y (pvyn) was determined. the sequence revealed an open reading frame of 1285 nucleotides, of which the start was not identified, and an untranslated region of 316 nucleotides upstream of a poly(a) tract. comparison of the open reading frame with the amino-terminal sequence of the viral coat protein enabled mapping of the start of the coat protein at amino acid -267, and indicated ... | 1989 | 2732687 |
| nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of a necrotic strain of potato virus y from new zealand. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1,134 nucleotides of the genome of a new zealand isolate of a necrotic strain of potato virus y (pvyn) has been determined. this sequence contains one large open reading frame of 796 nucleotides, the start of which was not identified, which is capable of encoding a protein of 264 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 29,631. comparison of the amino acid sequence with a published coat protein sequence of another strain, pvy-d, and with the amino acid seque ... | 1989 | 2802998 |
| cloning of the potato virus y genes encoding the capsid protein cp and the nuclear inclusion protein nib. | dna was synthesized complementary to the rna genome of potato virus y (pvy; strain go 16) and cloned into lambda vectors. the size of pvy-specific eco ri-restricted cdna ranged from 0.3 to approximately 22kb. two of the cdna clones each of which contained some 4kb of cdna sequence starting from the 3'-polyadenylated terminus were characterized by sequence analysis. presence of a single open reading frame suggests that pvy-specific proteins are synthesized as a polyprotein precursor. as with othe ... | 1989 | 2802999 |
| coat protein of potyviruses. 4. comparison of biological properties, serological relationships, and coat protein amino acid sequences of four strains of potato virus y. | four strains of potato virus y, pvy-d, pvy-10, pvy-18, and pvy-43, obtained from different australian sources were compared on the basis of their biological, serological and coat protein structural properties. each of the strains could be distinguished on the basis of their reactions on selected test plant species. two of the pvy strains, pvy-d and pvy-10, induced symptoms similar to those produced by the pvyo strain group. the reactions of pvy-18 and pvy-43, although comparable to pvyn in some ... | 1988 | 3144263 |
| replication of the satellite rna of pea enation mosaic virus is controlled by rna 2-encoded functions. | the helper virus mediating replication of the satellite rna (rna 3) of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) consists of two autonomously replicating, taxonomically unrelated viral rnas with ties to the luteovirus (rna 1) and the newly proposed umbravirus (rna 2) genera. the following study dissects the relative contribution of each of the genomic rnas of pemv to the subsistence and dissemination of this satellite rna. infectivity assays in a pea protoplast system demonstrate that rna 2 alone is respo ... | 1994 | 7515939 |
| 5' proximal potyviral sequences mediate potato virus x/potyviral synergistic disease in transgenic tobacco. | the interaction of potato virus x (pvx) and potato virus y (pvy) in tobacco causes a synergistic disease characterized by a dramatic increase in symptom severity, a change in the regulation of pvx rna replication, and an increase in accumulation of pvx. in this study we demonstrate that pvx also interacts synergistically with three other members of the potyvirus group of plant viruses, tobacco vein mottling virus (tvmv), tobacco etch virus (tev), and pepper mottle virus. these synergisms resembl ... | 1995 | 7831814 |
| resistance of green peas to legume viruses. | a total of 16 green pea cultivars (pisum sativum l.) were screened for resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), and alfalfa mosaic virus (amv). cvs. avola, midget, wawerplus, wawerex, bunny and banff were found immune to bymv infection. cvs. marx and pion exhibited a high level (above 95%) of resistance to bymv, but they were highly susceptible to pemv and amv. it is recommended to use bymv-immune or highly bymv-resistant cultivars for further breeding. the ... | 1994 | 7976868 |
| assessment of the autonomy of replicative and structural functions encoded by the luteo-phase of pea enation mosaic virus. | the genome of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) is composed of two taxonomically unrelated rnas, interacting to create what has traditionally been considered a bipartite virus. the cohesiveness of this interaction was assessed by examining the autonomy of each rna in viral replication, coat protein expression and systemic invasion. using a pea protoplast system, in vitro transcripts of rna1 were found to be capable of initiating rna2-independent replication, including the formation of the distinct ... | 1994 | 8176385 |
| taxonomic relationships between distinct potato virus y isolates based on detailed comparisons of the viral coat proteins and 3'-nontranslated regions. | detailed comparisons were made of the sequences of the coat protein (cp) cistrons and 3'-nontranslated regions (3'-ntr) of 21 (geographically) distinct isolates of potato virus y (pvy) and a virus isolate initially described as pepper mottle virus (pepmov). multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic relationships based on these alignments resulted into a subgrouping of virus isolates which largely corresponded with the historical strain differentiation based on biological criteria as host ran ... | 1993 | 8347079 |
| the chimeric nature of the genome of pea enation mosaic virus: the independent replication of rna 2. | the genome of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) consists of two plus-sense rnas, both of which are required for mechanical transmission. rna 1 (5706 nucleotides) has strong sequence similarity with members of the luteovirus group, a similarity that is also manifested in the symptomatology, cytopathology and vector transmission of this virus. rna 2 (4253 nucleotides) is hypothesized to facilitate systemic invasion and mechanical transmission, attributes that distinguish pemv from the phloem-limited ... | 1993 | 8423443 |
| the genome organization and affinities of an australian isolate of carrot mottle umbravirus. | the genomic sequence of an australian isolate of carrot mottle umbravirus (cmov-a) was determined from cdna generated from dsrna. this provides the first data on the genome organization and phylogeny of an umbravirus. the 4201-nucleotide genome contains four major open reading frames (orfs). analysis suggests that orf2 encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase, that orf4 encodes a movement protein, and that the virus has no coat protein gene. the functions of orfs 1 and 3 remain unknown. orf2 is p ... | 1996 | 8862426 |
| the satellite rnas associated with the groundnut rosette disease complex and pea enation mosaic virus: sequence similarities and ability of each other's helper virus to support their replication. | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) and the causal agents of groundnut rosette disease are diverse examples of disease complexes involving two rna species, one of which is related to the genomes of luteoviruses and the other to those of umbraviruses. in both complexes, these viral rna components may be supplemented with satellite rnas that are dependent on the umbravirus component for replication and systemic movement, and on the luteovirus component for encapsidation and vector transmission. sequen ... | 1996 | 8922480 |
| expression and suppression of circulative aphid transmission in pea enation mosaic virus. | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) is composed of two autonomously replicating virus rnas related to the genomic rnas of viruses in the genera luteovirus and umbravirus. the transmission of pemv resembles that of its luteovirus relatives in utilizing circulative aphid transmission. however, unlike its luteovirus counterparts, pemv can also be mechanically transmitted. prolonged mechanical passage of pemv can lead to the loss of aphid transmissibility, a trait that is mirrored by specific changes in ... | 1997 | 9049399 |
| the n-terminal region of the luteovirus readthrough domain determines virus binding to buchnera groel and is essential for virus persistence in the aphid. | luteoviruses and the luteovirus-like pea enation mosaic virus (pemv; genus enamovirus) are transmitted by aphids in a circulative, nonreplicative manner. acquired virus particles persist for several weeks in the aphid hemolymph, in which a groel homolog, produced by the primary endosymbiont of the aphid, is abundantly present. six subgroup ii luteoviruses and pemv displayed a specific but differential affinity for escherichia coli groel and groel homologs isolated from the endosymbiotic bacteria ... | 1997 | 9311800 |
| coat protein-mediated resistance to pea enation mosaic virus in transgenic pisum sativum l. | pea (pisum sativum l.) plants were transformed in planta by injection/electroporation of axillary meristems with a chimeric pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) coat protein gene contruct. r1 progenies of these plants were shown to harbor the transgene by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and genomic southern analysis, while transgene expression was demonstrated by western blot analysis. transgenic r2, r3 and r4 plants displayed delayed or transient pemv multiplication and attenuated symptoms as compar ... | 1998 | 9859215 |
| development of a caps marker for the pvr4 locus: a tool for pyramiding potyvirus resistance genes in pepper. | the pvr4 resistance gene in pepper confers a complete resistance to the three pathotypes of potato virus y (pvy) and to pepper mottle virus (pepmov). in order to use this gene in a marker-assisted selection (mas) program and to permit the pyramiding of several potyvirus resistance genes in the same cultivar, tightly linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers were obtained by the bulked segregant analysis method. eight linked aflp markers were mapped in an interval from 2.1 +/- ... | 1999 | 10659777 |
| sugarcane yellow leaf virus: an emerging virus that has evolved by recombination between luteoviral and poleroviral ancestors. | we have derived the genomic nucleotide sequence of an emerging virus, the sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv), and shown that it produces one to two subgenomic rnas. the family luteoviridae currently includes the luteovirus, polerovirus, and enamovirus genera. with the new scylv nucleotide sequence and existing luteoviridae sequence information, we have utilized new phylogenetic and evolutionary methodologies to identify homologous regions of luteoviridae genomes, which have statistically signif ... | 2000 | 10725208 |
| mutational evidence that the vpg is involved in the replication and not the movement of pea enation mosaic virus-1. | pea enation mosaic disease is caused by an obligatory association between the enamovirus pea enation mosaic virus-1 (pemv-1) and the umbravirus pea enation mosaic virus-2 (pemv-2). encapsidated rnas 1 and 2 are covalently linked to a 3138 da vpg encoded by the rna of pemv-1. to determine the role of the vpg in the pathogenicity of pemv (pemv-1+pemv-2), the infectivity of clones with mutations in key amino acids in the vpg was evaluated in protoplasts and in plants. using quantitative, real-time ... | 2000 | 10725438 |
| synthesis of (-)-strand rna from the 3' untranslated region of plant viral genomes expressed in transgenic plants upon infection with related viruses. | when expressed in transgenic tobacco plants, transgene mrna that includes the 3' untranslated region (3' utr) of lettuce mosaic virus served as template for synthesis of complementary (-)-strand rna following an infection by tobacco etch virus, tobacco vein mottle virus or pepper mottle virus, but not when infected with cucumber mosaic virus. deletion of the 3' utr from the transgene abolished the synthesis of (-)-strand transcripts. similar results were obtained in transgenic tobacco plants exp ... | 2000 | 10725441 |
| an ry-mediated resistance response in potato requires the intact active site of the nia proteinase from potato virus y. | ry confers extreme resistance to all strains of potato virus y (pvy). to identify the elicitor of the ry-mediated resistance against pvy in potato, we expressed each of the pvy-encoded proteins in leaves of pvy-resistant (ry) and -susceptible (ry) plants. for most of the proteins tested, there was no evident response. however, when the nia proteinase was expressed in leaves of ry plants, there was a hypersensitive response (hr). proteinase active site mutants failed to induce the ry-mediated res ... | 2000 | 10972891 |
| mechanical transmission of potato leafroll virus. | like typical luteoviruses, potato leafroll virus (plrv) cannot be transmitted mechanically by rubbing plants with solutions containing virus particles. however, plrv was found to be mechanically transmissible from extracts of plants that had been inoculated by viruliferous aphids and then post-inoculated with pea enation mosaic virus-2 (pemv-2). unlike the asymptomatic infections induced by either virus alone, double infections in nicotiana benthamiana induced necrotic symptoms with some line pa ... | 2000 | 11038393 |
| umbravirus gene expression helps potato leafroll virus to invade mesophyll tissues and to be transmitted mechanically between plants. | potato leafroll virus (plrv) was mechanically transmissible when inocula also contained the umbravirus pea enation mosaic virus-2 (pemv-2). in plants infected with plrv and pemv-2, plrv accumulated in clusters of mesophyll cells in both inoculated and systemically infected leaves. no transmissions were obtained by coinoculation with potato virus y, potato virus x (pvx), tobacco mosaic virus, or cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), although plrv was transmissible from mixtures with cmv(orf4) (a recombina ... | 2001 | 11485404 |
| thermodynamic analysis of conserved loop-stem interactions in p1-p2 frameshifting rna pseudoknots from plant luteoviridae. | the rna genomes of plant luteovirids beet western yellows virus (bwyv), potato leaf roll virus (plrv), and pea enation mosaic virus (pemv rna1; pemv-1) contain a short mrna pseudoknotted motif overlapping the p1 and p2 open reading frames required for programmed -1 mrna ribosomal frameshifting. the relationship between structure, stability, and function is poorly understood in these rna systems. a m(5)-c(8)-substituted bwyv rna is employed to establish that the bwyv p1-p2 pseudoknot is protonate ... | 2002 | 12186552 |
| the relationship between pepper mottle virus source leaf and spread of infection through the stem of capsicum sp. | pepper mottle virus (pepmov) systemically infects capsicum sp. in a typical source-to-sink manner with movement through the stem occurring in a predictable pattern. this study was carried out to determine the relationship between the inoculated leaf as a source of inoculum and the spread of pepmov infection through the stem. c. annuum 'early calwonder' plants were mechanically inoculated onto the first leaf with pepmov and sets of 30 plants had their inoculated leaves removed each day from 1 thr ... | 2002 | 12209317 |
| solution structure of a luteoviral p1-p2 frameshifting mrna pseudoknot. | a hairpin-type messenger rna pseudoknot from pea enation mosaic virus rna1 (pemv-1) regulates the efficiency of programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting. the solution structure and 15n relaxation rates reveal that the pemv-1 pseudoknot is a compact-folded structure composed almost entirely of rna triple helix. a three nucleotide reverse turn in loop 1 positions a protonated cytidine, c(10), in the correct orientation to form an a((n-1)).c(+).g-c(n) major groove base quadruple, like that found in th ... | 2002 | 12225754 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of pepper mottle virus-florida rna. | the pepper mottle virus-florida (pepmov-fl) rna genome was cloned and sequenced, and shown to consist of 9,717 nucleotides (nt) excluding the poly (a) tail. a single open reading frame was identified beginning at nucleotide position 169 encoding a polyprotein of 3068 amino acids. phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed that of 44 full-length viral rna genomes analyzed within the family potyviridae, pepmov-fl was most closely related to pepmov-california (pepmov-ca), potato virus y-h (pvy-h), pvy ... | 2003 | 12536304 |
| genomic sequence of wild potato mosaic virus as compared to the genomes of other potyviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of wild potato mosaic virus (wpmv) was determined, showing that it is a distinct member of the genus potyvirus (family potyviridae). the genome consists of 9853 nucleotides and encodes a single polyprotein of 3065 amino acids. the 5'- and 3'-non translated regions (ntr) were 182 and 472 nucleotides, respectively. alignment of the predicted wpmv polyprotein sequence with other members of the genus potyvirus revealed nine putative cleavage sites resulting in ten ma ... | 2003 | 12556999 |
| detection of scalar couplings involving 2'-hydroxyl protons across hydrogen bonds in a frameshifting mrna pseudoknot. | the -1 frameshift-stimulating mrna pseudoknot from pea enation mosaic virus-1 (pemv-1) is composed nearly entirely of rna triple helix.(4) the 2'-oh hydroxyl protons of riboses c15 and c16 are hydrogen bond donors to the n1 atoms of adenosines a27 and a25, respectively, positioned in the minor groove of pseudoknot stem s1. in this paper, a nonrefocused (1)h,(15)n cpmg hsqc of uniformly (13)c,(15)n-labeled 33-mer pemv-1 rna has been tailored to reveal a correlation of the 2'-oh hydroxyl proton of ... | 2003 | 12696863 |
| molecular resolution of a complex of potyviruses infecting solanaceous crops at the centre of origin in peru. | peru is a centre of origin and domestication of the potato, pepper and tomato (family solanaceae). many potyviruses (genus potyvirus) that infect these crops were described 20-30 years ago. however, definitive classification of these viruses as distinct species remains unresolved for several reasons, including their close serological relationships, similar symptomatology in test plants and lack of genomic sequence data. using samples collected from peru, we have determined the complete genomic s ... | 2003 | 12917478 |
| a simple wax-embedding method for isolation of aphid hemolymph for detection of luteoviruses in the hemocoel. | a protocol for isolating hemolymph from viruliferous aphids has been developed. this method uses warm melted wax to immobilize the aphid. following removal of a hind leg, the hemolymph can be collected readily. flushing with rnase-free water allows for collection of sufficient hemolymph for rna extraction from individual aphids. the extracted rna was successfully used for detection of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) and pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) from individual viruliferous rhopalosiphum ... | 2006 | 16307802 |
| replication of pea enation mosaic virus rna in isolated pea nuclei. | isolated nuclei from healthy pea plants were primed with pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv), radish mosaic virus (rdmv), tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), pemv rna, sbmv rna, rdmv rna, or tmv rna. rna replication occurred only with pemv rna and not with intact pemv or any of the other viruses or rnas, as judged by ensuing actinomycin d-insensitive polymerase activity. molecular hybridization experiments showed that some of the product of the polymerase was pemv-specific ... | 1977 | 16592421 |
| complete genome sequence supports bell pepper mottle virus as a species of the genus tobamovirus. | biological properties and the complete genome sequence of bell pepper mottle virus (bpemv) were determined. the full genome of bpemv consists of 6375 nucleotides. the bpemv genomic rna has four open reading frames (orfs) encoding proteins of m(r) 126, 181, 30 and 18 kda from the 5' to the 3' end, respectively. the lengths of the 5' nontranslated region (ntr) and the 3' ntr are 71 and 198 nucleotides, respectively. overall identities for the four orfs of bpemv, at the nucleotide and amino acid le ... | 2007 | 17334946 |
| occurrence of viruses infecting pea in iran. | a survey was conducted to determine the incidence of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), broad bean wilt virus-1 (bbwv), pea leafroll virus (plrv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), pea seed borne mosaic virus (psbmv), potato virus x(pvx), tomato mosaic virus (tomv), tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) on pea (pisum sativum) in iran. a total of 1276 random and 684 symptomatic pea samples were collected during the spring and summer of 2002-2004 in tehran province of iran, whe ... | 2006 | 17390891 |
| ectopic expression of a recessive resistance gene generates dominant potyvirus resistance in plants. | despite long-standing plant breeding investments and early successes in genetic engineering, plant viral pathogens still cause major losses in agriculture worldwide. early transgenic approaches involved the expression of pathogen-derived sequences that provided limited protection against relatively narrow ranges of viral pathotypes. in contrast, this study demonstrates that the ectopic expression of pvr1, a recessive gene from capsicum chinense, results in dominant broad-spectrum potyvirus resis ... | 2007 | 17511813 |
| complex interactions between a plant pathogen and insect parasitoid via the shared vector-host: consequences for host plant infection. | plant viruses modify the development of their aphid vectors by inducing physiological changes in the shared host plant. the performance of hymenopterous parasitoids exploiting these aphids can also be modified by the presence of the plant pathogen. we used laboratory and glasshouse microcosms containing beans (vicia faba) as the host plant to examine the interactions between a plant virus (pea enation mosaic virus; pemv) and a hymenopterous parasitoid (aphidius ervi) that share the aphid vector/ ... | 2008 | 18566836 |
| purification and properties of the pea enation mosaic virus. | a procedure was developed for the purification of the pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) using differential and rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. infectivity and serological data indicated that the highest virus concentration occurs in infected peas (pisum sativum) 10-12 days after mechanical inoculation when the plants are grown at 16-22 degrees . tests with several buffer salts at various concentrations and ph values showed that 0.1-0.3 m acetate, ph 6.0, was the most suitab ... | 1966 | 18611480 |
| translation of potyvirus rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate: reaction conditions and identification of capsid protein as one of the products of in vitro translation of tobacco etch and pepper mottle viral rnas. | rnas of pepper mottle virus (pemv) and tobacco etch virus (tev) were efficient messengers when translated in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. viral rna (39 s) isolated from sucrose density gradients stimulated [35s]methionine incorporation into products precipitated by trichloroacetic acid 15- to 20-fold over endogenous background levels. optimal reaction conditions for in vitro translation contained 2 mug rna/30 mul reaction assay, 0.8-1.0 mm magnesium ions, and 100-125 mm potassium ions. ... | 1980 | 18631642 |
| translation of potyvirus rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate: identification of nuclear inclusion proteins as products of tobacco etch virus rna translation and cylindrical inclusion protein as a product of the potyvirus genome. | the translations of tobacco etch virus (tev) rna and pepper mottle virus (pemv) rna in the mrna-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate produced products which comigrated with potyviral inclusion proteins on polyacrylamide gels. the tev rna translation products comigrating with the 49,000 and 54,000 molecular weight tev nuclear inclusion proteins were also immunoprecipitated by antisera specific to the nuclear inclusion proteins. the proteolytic peptide map of the comigrating in vitro translation p ... | 1980 | 18631661 |
| translation of potyvirus rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate: cell-free translation strategy and a genetic map of the potyviral genome. | the translations of tobacco etch virus (tev) rna and pepper mottle virus (pemv) in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate were analyzed to determine the effect of rna quality on template activity and to identify all the products of the potyviral genome. the size distribution of the in vitro translation products, as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), was dependent on rna quality. full-length rna stimulated the cell-free synthesis primarily of a 87,000 (87k) mo ... | 1980 | 18631662 |
| the in vitro translation of pea enation mosaic virus rna. | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) rna was isolated from virions and then translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and in wheat germ extracts. rna 1 (apparent molecular weight, mr 1.77 x 106) was shown to code for two major translation products, vp2 (mr 88,000) and vp4 (mr 36,000) plus a high-molecular-weight minor product vp1 (mr 147,000). tryptic peptide comparisons of vp2 and vp4 revealed unique amino acid sequences for each product indicating that vp2 was not a read through protein of vp4. the ... | 1984 | 18639830 |
| isolation and partial characterization of the amorphous cytoplasmic inclusions associated with infections caused by two potyviruses. | the potyviruses pepper mottle (pemv) and watermelon mosaic virus-1, a strain of papaya ringspot (prsv-w), induce the formation of a second type of cytoplasmic inclusion in addition to cylindrical (pinwheel) inclusions. the conspicuous aggregates of electron-dense material with imperfect spherical shapes have been called amorphous inclusions (ai). the ai were isolated from extracts of infected tissue using a combination of clarification with triton x-100 and low-speed centrifugations through sucr ... | 1985 | 18639842 |
| identification of potyviral amorphous inclusion protein as a nonstructural, virus-specific protein related to helper component. | antisera to amorphous inclusion (ai) proteins associated with infections by pepper mottle virus (pemv) and the watermelon mosaic virus-1 strain of papaya ringspot virus (prsv-w) were used to probe in vitro translation products of the viral rnas. the major translation product of pemv rna in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate (rrl) system was a previously reported polypeptide of apparent molecular weight 78,000 (mr 78k). it reacted with anti-ai serum, whereas the major translation product in the wheat ... | 1985 | 18639843 |
| topographic analysis of tobacco etch virus capsid protein epitopes. | monoclonal antibodies have been prepared, which react with capsid protein of an aphid-transmitted isolate of tobacco etch virus (tev). ten different monoclonal antibodies were characterized with reference to (1) antibody class, (2) reactivity with different plant virus antigens, (3) the spatial relationship between epitopes, and (4) whether these epitopes were located on the exterior surface of the virion. three monoclonal antibodies were specific for tev isolates. these monoclonal antibodies re ... | 1985 | 18640514 |
| nucleotide sequence at the 3' terminus of pepper mottle virus genomic rna: evidence for an alternative mode of potyvirus capsid protein gene organization. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1481 nucleotides of the pepper mottle virus (pemv) genome has been determined. the sequence was determined by dideoxy nucleotide sequencing of complementary dna which had been inserted into m13 bacteriophage cloning vectors and was confirmed by sequencing selected regions of pemv rna. a discrete open reading frame of 993 nucleotides, ending 333 nucleotides from the 3'-terminal polyadenylate tract, was identified that potentially encoded a 37,669-mw protein. the am ... | 1985 | 18640557 |
| biochemical analysis of the capsid protein gene and capsid protein of tobacco etch virus: n-terminal amino acids are located on the virion's surface. | the sequence of the 1491 nucleotides found at the 3' end of the genome of the highly aphid-transmissible (hat) isolate of tobacco etch virus (tev) has been determined. the nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene has been identified and compared with the corresponding region of the not-aphid-transmissible (nat) isolate of tev and with pepper mottle virus (pemv). the deduced amino acid sequences of the two tev capsid proteins displayed 98% homology and a 66% homology with pemv capsid protei ... | 1985 | 18640560 |
| coat protein of potyviruses. 2. amino acid sequence of the coat protein of potato virus y. | the amino acid sequence of the coat protein of potato virus y (pvy), the type member of the potyvirus group, has been determined by protein sequencing techniques. the protein contains 267 amino acid residues with a calculated mol wt of 29,945. a comparison of the pvy coat protein sequence with those of tobacco etch virus (tev) and pepper mottle virus (pemv) predicted from nucleotide sequence data (r. f. allison, j. g. sorenson, m. e. kelly, f. b. armstrong, and w. g. dougherty, proc. natl. acad. ... | 1986 | 18640638 |
| brugmansia suaveolens mottle virus, a novel potyvirus causing leaf mottling of brugmansia suaveolens in brazil. | a potyvirus was isolated from brugmansia suaveolens showing leaf mottling and tentatively named brugmansia suaveolens mottle virus (bsmov). the virus (isolate bs-campinas) could infect some solanaceous plants and two chenopodium species, and was transmitted by aphids. symptomatic leaves contained flexuous particles and cylindrical inclusions. rt-pcr amplification using potyvirus universal primers produced a dna fragment of 1851 nt (3' terminal genomic region), which shared 71% nucleotide identit ... | 2008 | 18825484 |
| synergistic disease in pepper caused by the mixed infection of cucumber mosaic virus and pepper mottle virus. | abstract the occurrence of more than one virus species in a single plant is not uncommon in cultivated and native plant species. a mixed virus infection may lead to greater disease severity than individual viral components and this is sometimes referred to as a synergistic disease. although, in some cases, synergism has been demonstrated for various plant growth parameters such as plant height, weight, and yield, proof of synergy typically has not been demonstrated for symptom severity when the ... | 2006 | 18944438 |
| molecular characterization of potato virus v genomes from europe indicates limited spatiotemporal strain differentiation. | abstract because there were no previous reports on the molecular characterization of potato virus v (pvv, genus potyvirus, family potyviridae), the complete genomic sequence of pvv isolate dv42 was determined. the length of the single-stranded messenger-polarity rna genome was 9,851 nt (nucleotides), followed by a poly(a) tail. the genome contained a 5'-terminal nontranslated region (5'-ntr; 204 nt), a single open reading frame (nucleotides 205-9406; 3,067 amino acids), and a 3'-ntr that was unu ... | 2000 | 18944596 |
| baculovirus-expressed virus-like particles of pea enation mosaic virus vary in size and encapsidate baculovirus mrnas. | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv: family luteoviridae) is transmitted in a persistent, circulative manner by aphids. we inserted cdnas encoding the structural proteins of pemv, the coat protein (cp) and coat protein-read through domain (cprt) into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus with and without a histidine tag or an upstream kozak consensus sequence. the sf21 cell line provided the highest level of cp expression of the cell lines tested and resul ... | 2009 | 19013202 |
| do plant viruses facilitate their aphid vectors by inducing symptoms that alter behavior and performance? | aphids can respond both positively and negatively to virus-induced modifications of the shared host plant. it can be speculated that viruses dependent on aphids for their transmission might evolve to induce changes in the host plant that attract aphids and improve their performance, subsequently enhancing the success of the pathogen itself. we studied how pea aphids [acyrthosiphon pisum (harris)] responded to infection of tic beans (vicia faba l.) by three viruses with varying degrees of depende ... | 2008 | 19161702 |
| the readthrough domain of pea enation mosaic virus coat protein is not essential for virus stability in the hemolymph of the pea aphid. | a fraction of the coat protein (cp) subunits in virions of members of the family luteoviridae contain a c-terminal extension called the readthrough domain (rtd). the rtd is necessary for persistent aphid transmission, but its role is unknown. it has been reported to be required for virion stability in the hemolymph. here, we tested whether this was the case for pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) virions in the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) using rna1delta, a natural deletion mutant lacking the mi ... | 2009 | 19240978 |
| structure of a viral cap-independent translation element that functions via high affinity binding to the eif4e subunit of eif4f. | rnas of many positive strand rna viruses lack a 5' cap structure and instead rely on cap-independent translation elements (cites) to facilitate efficient translation initiation. the mechanisms by which these rnas recruit ribosomes are poorly understood, and for many viruses the cite is unknown. here we identify the first cite of an umbravirus in the 3'-untranslated region of pea enation mosaic virus rna 2. chemical and enzymatic probing of the approximately 100-nucleotide pemv rna 2 cite (pte), ... | 2009 | 19276085 |
| molecular characterization of korean pepper mottle virus isolates and its relationship to symptom variations. | the symptom variations among korean pepper mottle virus (pepmov) isolates infecting pepper, tomato and potato were described and the cause of variations in relation to molecular variability were investigated. in addition, the entire genome of the 13 pepmov isolates, collected from five provinces (kyonggi, chungnam, gyeongnam, jeonbuk and jeonnam) in korea, were determined and compared including the previously reported korean-vb isolate and 2 other pepmov isolates isolated from america (ca and fl ... | 2009 | 19374928 |
| analysis of the accumulation of pea enation mosaic virus genomes in seed tissues and lack of evidence for seed transmission in pea (pisum sativum). | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) is an important virus disease of pea. international movement of commercial pea cultivars and germplasm can be problematic due to uncertainty about seed transmission of the viruses responsible for the disease. whether pemv is seedborne was assessed by collecting developing seed from infected plants and determining the relative concentrations of the pemv-1 and pemv-2 viral genomes using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. the rela ... | 2009 | 19821732 |
| an induced mutation in tomato eif4e leads to immunity to two potyviruses. | the characterization of natural recessive resistance genes and arabidopsis virus-resistant mutants have implicated translation initiation factors of the eif4e and eif4g families as susceptibility factors required for virus infection and resistance function. | 2010 | 20593023 |
| complete genome sequence of brugmansia suaveolens mottle virus, a potyvirus from an ornamental shrub. | brugmansia suaveolens mottle virus (bsmov) was the first potyvirus isolated from "angel trumpet" (brugmansia suaveolens), described in brazil. in this study, the complete nucleotide (nt) genome sequence of bsmov was determined, and the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence was analyzed. the bsmov rna genome consists of 9870 nt without a poly-a tail, encoding a putative typical potyviral polyprotein of 3090 aa. pairwise comparisons of the complete bsmov genome with those of the most closely related po ... | 2010 | 20842390 |
| conditional facilitation of an aphid vector, acyrthosiphon pisum, by the plant pathogen, pea enation mosaic virus. | plant pathogens can induce symptoms that affect the performance of insect herbivores utilizing the same host plant. previous studies examining the effects of infection of tic bean, vicia faba l. (fabales: fabaceae), by pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), an important disease of legume crops, indicated there were no changes in the growth and reproductive rate of its primary vector the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) (hemiptera: aphididae). here, we report the results of laboratory experiment ... | 2010 | 21067425 |
| development of infectious transcripts from full-length and gfp-tagged cdna clones of pepper mottle virus and stable systemic expression of gfp in tobacco and pepper. | a full-length cdna clone (psp6pepmov-vb1) of the genomic rna of a korean isolate of pepper mottle virus (pepmov-vb1) was constructed downstream of a bacteriophage sp6 rna polymerase promoter in the plasmid. in vitro rna transcripts generated from psp6pepmov-vb1 corresponded to pepmov-vb1 rna (9641nt) with an extra guanosine residue at the 5' terminus and a 15-nt, poly (a) tract at the 3' end. the rnas synthesized from the psp6pepmov-vb1 clone, by in vitro run-off transcription in the presence of ... | 2010 | 21167886 |
| trichome density of main stem is tightly linked to pepmov resistance in chili pepper (capsicum annuum l.). | a relationship between pepper trichome and pepper mottle virus (pepmov) resistance was examined. in an intraspecific f(2) mapping population from the cross between capsicum annuum cm334 (trichome-bearing and pepmov resistant) and chilsungcho (glabrous and pepmov susceptible), major qtls for both traits were identified by composite interval mapping in linkage group (lg) 24 corresponding a telomere region on pepper chromosome 10. ptel1 of putative trichome enhancing locus was a common major qtl fo ... | 2010 | 21184049 |
| photosynthetic alterations of pea leaves infected systemically by pea enation mosaic virus: a coordinated decrease in efficiencies of co(2) assimilation and photosystem ii photochemistry. | we have investigated photosynthetic changes of fully expanded pea leaves infected systemically by pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) that often attacks legumes particularly in northern temperate regions. a typical compatible virus-host interaction was monitored during 40 post-inoculation days (dpi). an initial pemv-induced decrease in photosynthetic co(2) assimilation was detected at 15 dpi, when the virus appeared in the measured leaves. this decrease was not induced by stomata closure and corresp ... | 2011 | 22000051 |
| foliar application of the leaf-colonizing yeast pseudozyma churashimaensis elicits systemic defense of pepper against bacterial and viral pathogens. | yeast associates with many plant parts including the phyllosphere, where it is subject to harsh environmental conditions. few studies have reported on biological control of foliar pathogens by yeast. here, we newly isolated leaf-colonizing yeasts from leaves of field-grown pepper plants in a major pepper production area of south korea. the yeast was isolated using semi-selective medium supplemented with rifampicin to inhibit bacterial growth and its disease control capacity against xanthomonas a ... | 2017 | 28071648 |
| resistance breaking tomato spotted wilt virus isolates on resistant pepper varieties in italy. | in spring 2012, resistance breaking (rb) isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) that overcome the resistance conferred by the tsw gene in different pepper hybrids have been recovered in different locations in southern italy (campania and apulia regions) in protected cultivation, about one month after transplant. the percentage of symptomatic plants was 5-10% and, only in particular cases of advanced stage of cultivation, it reached 30-50% at the end of cycle. all tswv isolates induced simi ... | 2013 | 25151838 |
| ecogenomic survey of plant viruses infecting tobacco by next generation sequencing. | the invasion of plant by viruses cause major damage to plants and reduces crop yield and integrity. devastating plant virus infection has been experienced at different times all over the world, which are attributed to different events of mutation, re-assortment and recombination occurring in the viruses. strategies for proper virus management has been mostly limited to eradicating the vectors that spreads the plant viruses. however, development of prompt and effective diagnostic methods are requ ... | 2016 | 27814723 |
| genetic compositions of broad bean wilt virus 2 infecting red pepper in korea. | the incidence of broad bean wilt virus 2 (bbwv2) on red pepper was investigated using the samples obtained from 24 areas of 8 provinces in korea. two hundred and five samples (79%) out of 260 collected samples were found to be infected with bbwv2. while the single infection rate of bbwv2 was 21.5%, the co-infection rate of bbwv2 with cucumber mosaic virus, pepper mottle virus, pepper mild mottle virus and/or potato virus y was 78.5%. to characterize the genetic diversity of bbwv2 korean isolates ... | 2013 | 25288954 |
| characterisation and diagnosis of frangipani mosaic virus from india. | frangipani mosaic virus (frmv) is known to infect frangipani tree (plumeria rubra f. acutifolia) in india but the virus has not been characterized at genomic level and diagnosis is not available. in the present study, an isolate of frmv (frmv-ind-1) showing greenish mosaic and vein-banding symptoms in p. rubra f. acutifolia in new delhi was characterized based on host reactions, serology and genome sequence. the virus isolate induced local symptoms on several new experimental host species: capsi ... | 2015 | 26239043 |
| occurrence and distribution of pepper veinal mottle virus and cucumber mosaic virus in pepper in ibadan, nigeria. | viral diseases constitute obstacles to pepper production in the world. in nigeria, pepper plants are primarily affected by pepper veinal mottle virus (pvmv), cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), pepper leaf curl virus (tlcv), tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), pepper mottle virus (pmv) and a host of other viruses. the experiment was carried out with a diagnostic survey on the experimental field of the national horticultural research institute, ibadan, nigeria and on pepper farms in six local government areas w ... | 2012 | 22495040 |
| complete genome sequence of keunjorong mosaic virus, a potyvirus from cynanchum wilfordii. | we have determined the complete genome sequence of keunjorong mosaic virus (kjmv). the kjmv genome is composed of 9,611 nucleotides, excluding the 3'-terminal poly(a) tail. it contains two open reading frames (orfs), with the large one encoding a polyprotein of 3,070 amino acids and the small overlapping orf encoding a pipo protein of 81 amino acids. the kjmv genome shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity (57.5 %) with pepper mottle virus and freesia mosaic virus, two members of the gen ... | 2013 | 23504105 |
| a simple method for screening of plant nbs-lrr genes that confer a hypersensitive response to plant viruses and its application for screening candidate pepper genes against pepper mottle virus. | plant nbs-lrr genes are abundant and have been increasingly cloned from plant genomes. in this study, a method based on agroinfiltration and virus inoculation was developed for the simple and inexpensive screening of candidate r genes that confer a hypersensitive response to plant viruses. the well-characterized resistance genes rx and n, which confer resistance to potato virus x (pvx) and tobamovirus, respectively, were used to optimize a transient expression assay for detection of hypersensiti ... | 2014 | 24552951 |
| quassinoids isolated from brucea javanica inhibit pepper mottle virus in pepper. | a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged pepper mottle virus (pepmov) based leaf-disc method and systemic host method were developed to identify antiviral agents. preliminary experiments using a pepmov-gfp based leaf-disc method led to the isolation of five quassinoids, including brusatol (1), bruceantin (2), brucein a (3), bruceantinol (4), and brucein b (5), from the ch3oh extract of brucea javanica. all isolated compounds exhibited inactivation effects in systemic host plants, and compounds 3 ... | 2017 | 27686478 |
| virus-induced gene silencing reveals signal transduction components required for the pvr9-mediated hypersensitive response in nicotiana benthamiana. | resistance to pathogens mediated by plant resistance (r) proteins requires different signaling transduction components and pathways. our previous studies revealed that a potyvirus resistance gene in pepper, pvr9, confers a hypersensitive response (hr) to pepper mottle virus in nicotiana benthamiana. our results show that the pvr9-mediated hr against pepper mottle virus infection requires hsp90, sgt1, ndr1, but not eds1. these results suggest that the pvr9-mediated hr is possibly related to the s ... | 2016 | 27236305 |
| development of molecular markers tightly linked to pvr4 gene in pepper using next-generation sequencing. | it is imperative to identify highly polymorphic and tightly linked markers of a known trait for molecular marker-assisted selection. potyvirus resistance 4 (pvr4) locus in pepper confers resistance to three pathotypes of potato virus y and to pepper mottle virus. we describe the use of next-generation sequencing technology to generate molecular markers tightly linked to pvr4. initially, comparative genomics was carried out, and a syntenic region of tomato on chromosome ten was used to generate p ... | 2017 | 25798050 |
| molecular characterization of pvr9 that confers a hypersensitive response to pepper mottle virus (a potyvirus) in nicotiana benthamiana. | there are some r genes against potyviruses which were mapped in pepper. however, none of them has been characterized at the molecular level. in this study, we characterized pvr9 which is an rpi-blb2 ortholog from pepper and confers a hypersensitive response to pepper mottle virus (pepmov) in a transient expression system in nicotiana benthamiana. this gene putatively encoded for 1298 amino acids and is located on pepper chromosome 6. pepmov nib was the elicitor of the pvr9-mediated hypersensitiv ... | 2015 | 25776758 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerase (nib) of the potyviruses is an avirulence factor for the broad-spectrum resistance gene pvr4 in capsicum annuum cv. cm334. | potyviruses are one of the most destructive viral pathogens of solanaceae plants. in capsicum annuum landrace cm334, a broad-spectrum gene, pvr4 is known to be involved in resistance against multiple potyviruses, including pepper mottle virus (pepmov), pepper severe mosaic virus (pepsmv), and potato virus y (pvy). however, a potyvirus avirulence factor against pvr4 has not been identified. to identify the avirulence factor corresponding to pvr4 in potyviruses, we performed agrobacterium-mediated ... | 2015 | 25760376 |
| a previously undescribed potyvirus isolated and characterized from arborescent brugmansia. | a suspected virus disease was identified from an arborescent brugmansia x candida pers. (syn. datura candida pers.) tree. the causal agent was aphid transmissible at low rates. viral particles were purified from infected tobacco tissue, analyzed, and purified virions were inoculated into healthy tobacco plants to recreate the symptoms. the virions had a mean length of 720-729 nm, and infected cells contained inclusion bodies typical of potyvirus infections. analysis of infected tissues and purif ... | 2013 | 23381392 |
| complete genome sequence of pepper yellow mosaic virus, a potyvirus, occurring in brazil. | the complete genomic sequence of pepper yellow mosaic virus (pepymv), a member of the genus potyvirus, was determined. the sequence was 9745 nucleotides long, excluding the 3' poly(a) tail. the genome contained a large open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3085 amino acids, which contained the typically conserved motifs found in members of the genus potyvirus and an additional p3-pipo (pretty interesting potyvirus orf). in a pairwise comparison with other potyvirus sequences, the full gen ... | 2012 | 22527869 |
| antiviral activities of trichothecenes isolated from trichoderma albolutescens against pepper mottle virus. | a bioassay-guided isolation using a green fluorescence protein (gfp)-tagged pepper mottle virus (pepmov-gfp) based leaf-disk method to obtain new antiviral agents led to the isolation of trichodermin, 1, and a new compound trichoderminol, 2, from etoac extract of trichoderma albolutescens culture medium. the structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by ms and nmr experiments, and the absolute configurations of the compounds were established by experimental and calculated vibrational circul ... | 2017 | 28490172 |