| potyviruses, chaos or order? | at first potyviruses were easily distinguished by biological and serological properties because only a few were known and information on their host ranges was limited. the first evidence of serological cross reaction between two of these viruses was reported in 1951 and was further corroborated for three obviously distinct members of the group in 1960. in 1968 attention was drawn to the fact that some legume and non-legume potyviruses have much wider host ranges than previously known and that wi ... | 1992 | 1450755 |
| bean yellow mosaic virus subgroup; search for the group specific sequences in the 3' terminal region of the genome. | in order to examine relationships among viruses of the bean yellow mosaic subgroup of the potyvirus genus, several isolates of bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv) and clover yellow vein virus (c1yvv) were compared by amino acid sequence of the coat protein and nucleotide sequence of the 3' terminal non-coding region. the sequence comparisons showed that bymv and c1yvv were distinct viruses but had close affinity to each other (85-95% homology among isolates of a virus but 70-77% homology between vir ... | 1992 | 1450764 |
| coat protein properties suggest that azuki bean mosaic virus, blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, peanut stripe virus, and three isolates from soybean are all strains of the same potyvirus. | the interrelationship of a number of potyviruses infecting legumes has been investigated by comparing molecular properties of their coat proteins. comparison of the coat proteins by the techniques of amino acid analysis and page was inadequate to distinguish strains from distinct potyviruses. however, high-performance liquid chromatographic peptide profiles of tryptic digests of coat proteins of these legume-infecting potyviruses enabled such assignments to be made. these data indicate that amin ... | 1992 | 1500273 |
| nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of a strain of clover yellow vein virus from new zealand: conservation of a stem-loop structure in the 3' region of potyviruses. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1492 nucleotides of the genome of a new zealand isolate of clover yellow vein potyvirus (cyvv) has been determined. this sequence encodes a large open reading frame of 1314 nucleotides, the start of which was not identified, but which encodes a putative 272 amino acid coat protein. downstream of the coat protein coding region is a 177 nucleotide untranslated sequence terminated by a polyadenylate tract. comparison of the deduced cyvv-nz coat protein amino acid seq ... | 1992 | 1571014 |
| comparison and differentiation of potyvirus isolates and identification of strain-, virus-, subgroup-specific and potyvirus group-common epitopes using monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) generated against an admixture of 12 potyvirus isolates was used to compare and differentiate diverse potyviruses. both native and denatured virions of strains of bean yellow mosaic (bymv), potato virus y, tobacco etch, pea seed-borne mosaic, iris severe mosaic, iris mild mosaic and asparagus virus-1 potyviruses were used as immunogen and as antigen for screening of the hybridoma cell lines. thirty cell lines secreting potyvirus-specific antibodies reactiv ... | 1991 | 1703561 |
| bean yellow mosaic, clover yellow vein, and pea mosaic are distinct potyviruses: evidence from coat protein gene sequences and molecular hybridization involving the 3' non-coding regions. | the sequences of the 3' 1019 nucleotides of the genome of an atypical strain of bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv-s) and of the 3' 1018 nucleotides of the clover yellow vein virus (cyvv-b) genome have been determined. these sequences contain the complete coding region of the viral coat protein followed by a 3' non-coding region of 173 and 178 nucleotides for bymv-s and cyvv-b, respectively. when the deduced amino acid sequences of the coat protein coding regions were compared, a sequence identity o ... | 1992 | 1731696 |
| relatedness of the nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of clover yellow vein potyvirus rna to bean yellow mosaic potyvirus rna. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1,357 nucleotides of clover yellow vein potyvirus rna was determined. a coat protein gene was identified and its predicted amino acid sequence deduced. it had 273 residues with a molecular weight of 31,019. the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the virus were compared with those of five other potyviruses. the homology between these viruses indicated that clover yellow vein virus was a distinct virus, but had a closer affinity to bean yellow mosaic virus than ... | 1991 | 1864719 |
| identification of potyvirus isolates from faba bean (vicia faba l.), and the relationships between bean yellow mosaic virus and clover yellow vein virus. | clover yellow vein virus (cyvv) isolate h and the related potyvirus isolates e178, e197, and e242 could be distinguished from bean yellow mosaic (bymv) isolates by their wider host range among non-legume test plant species, the peculiar enlargement of the nucleolus in infected plants, and the larger size of their coat protein as evidenced by slower migration in sds-page. serologically, they are qualitatively indistinguishable in electro-blot immunoassay (ebia) also with antibodies specific to th ... | 1991 | 2048976 |
| monoclonal antibodies produced to bean yellow mosaic virus, clover yellow vein virus, and pea mosaic virus which cross-react among the three viruses. | monoclonal antibodies prepared against individual potyviruses that infect forage legumes cross-reacted among the viruses. the reaction occurs between capsid subunits and presumably involves epitopes located in the trypsin-resistant core of the coat protein. | 1989 | 2480762 |
| improved elisa conditions for detection of plant viruses. | clover yellow vein virus (cyvv) and homologous antisera were used to test effects of time and temperature on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in polystyrene substrate plates. replicated lattice square and youden square experimental designs were used to measure and account for variation in absorption values associated with sample position within polystyrene plates. adsorption of coating antibody to polystyrene was relatively rapid, reaching optimum assay efficiency in 1 h at 5 degrees c ... | 1981 | 7021575 |
| a cdna clone to clover yellow vein potyvirus genome is highly infectious. | we obtained a highly infectious cdna clone of clover yellow vein virus (ciyvv). the cdna fragments, from which a full-length cdna clone was constructed, were sequenced, and the complete nucleotide sequence of c1yvv rna was determined. the viral genome is 9584 nucleotides (nt) in length excluding the poly(a) tail and contains one open reading frame (orf) encoding a large polyprotein of 3072 amino acids. the non-coding region preceding the orf is 190 nt long. the termination codon is followed by a ... | 1997 | 9311568 |
| restoration of the 3' end of potyvirus rna derived from poly(a)-deficient infectious cdna clones. | poly(a)-deficient full-length cdna clones of clover yellow vein virus (clyvv), a member of the genus potyvirus, were found to be infectious when expressed from the camv 35s promoter. the poly(a) tail was replaced with different short sequences and the infectivities of the cdna constructs were examined. although the infectivity of the plasmid varied depending on the sequences introduced, all the constructs were infectious. in all cases, progeny viral rnas from the cdna clones had an authentic vir ... | 1999 | 10603325 |
| development of clover yellow vein virus as an efficient, stable gene-expression system for legume species. | a highly infectious cdna clone of clover yellow vein virus (pclyvv) was tested as a viral vector, especially for legume species. the genes for green fluorescent protein (gfp) and soybean glutamine synthetase (gs) were inserted between the genes for p1 and hc-pro on pclyvv to create three recombinant plasmids: pclyvv-gfp, pclyvv-gfp-gs, and pclyvv-gfp:gs. in the former two constructs all the junctions between the inserted proteins contained the sequences of protease cleavage recognition sites, wh ... | 2000 | 10972880 |
| the 3' terminal region is strictly required for clover yellow vein virus genome replication. | to identify the cis-element in the 3' terminal region of infectious cdna required for replication of clover yellow vein virus (clyvv), a series of mutants with duplications or deletions of the 3' terminal non-coding region (3'-ncr) of the genome that did not affect the orfs in the genome was constructed. these were tested for infectivity, and the 3' terminal regions of their progeny rnas were sequenced. deletion mutants that lacked portions of the 3'-ncr were not infectious. various mutants with ... | 2003 | 12664298 |
| the central and c-terminal domains of vpg of clover yellow vein virus are important for vpg-hcpro and vpg-vpg interactions. | interactions between the major proteins of clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) were investigated using a gal4 transcription activator-based yeast two-hybrid system (yths). self-interactions manifested by vpg and hcpro and an interaction between nib and niapro were observed in clyvv. in addition, a strong hcpro-vpg interaction was detected by both yths and by in vitro far-western blot analysis in clyvv. a potyvirus hcpro-vpg interaction has not been reported previously. using yths, domains in clyvv ... | 2003 | 13679621 |
| fluorescent labelling reveals spatial separation of potyvirus populations in mixed infected nicotiana benthamiana plants. | the distribution of potyviruses in mixed infected nicotiana benthamiana plants was investigated by using green and red fluorescent proteins (gfp, dsred). full-length cdna clones of plum pox virus (ppv-nat-agfps; ppv-nat-red), tobacco vein mottling virus (tvmv-gfp; tvmv-red) and clover yellow vein virus (clyvv-gfp) expressing fluorescent proteins, referred to here as labelled viruses, were used to characterize the distribution of different potyviral populations (e.g. tvmv-gfp/ppv-nat-red), as wel ... | 2003 | 13679622 |
| natural resistance to clover yellow vein virus in beans controlled by a single recessive locus. | we characterized the resistance of the common bean cv. jolanda to clover yellow vein virus no. 30 (clyvv). after inoculation, the virus was detected in neither inoculated nor upper leaves, suggesting that the resistance operates at either the viral replication or cell-to-cell movement level. to analyze the mechanism of resistance, we developed a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged clyvv, and monitored gfp fluorescence at sites of infection on clyvv-inoculated leaves. no gfp fluorescence was d ... | 2003 | 14601667 |
| occurrence and sequences of lily mottle virus and lily symptomless virus in plants grown from imported bulbs in zhejiang province, china. | degenerate primers were used to amplify virus sequences from imported lilies in zhejiang province, china. two viruses, lily mottle virus (lmov, genus potyvirus) and lily symptomless virus (lsv, genus carlavirus) were detected, purified and completely sequenced from a mixed infection in a plant raised from bulbs imported from the netherlands. the sequence of lmov was 9644 nt long and encoded a polyprotein of 3095 amino acids with a calculated m(r) of 351.0 kda that had only 45.1-54.4% identity to ... | 2003 | 14648295 |
| selective involvement of members of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e family in the infection of arabidopsis thaliana by potyviruses. | arabidopsis thaliana plants with mutations in the genes encoding eukaryotic initiation factor (eif4e) or isoform of eif4e (eif(iso)4e) were tested for susceptibility to clover yellow vein virus (clyvv), a member of the genus potyvirus. clyvv accumulated in both inoculated and upper uninoculated leaves of mutant plants lacking eif(iso)4e, but not in mutant plants lacking eif4e. in contrast, turnip mosaic virus (tumv), another member of the genus potyvirus, multiplied in mutant plants lacking eif4 ... | 2005 | 15710407 |
| point mutations in helper component protease of clover yellow vein virus are associated with the attenuation of rna-silencing suppression activity and symptom expression in broad bean. | helper component protease (hc-pro) is a potyvirus-encoded multifunctional protein and a major determinant of symptom expression in a susceptible plant. here, we show the involvement of clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) hc-pro in necrotic symptom expression in broad bean (vicia faba cv. wase). in this host, lethal necrosis was induced by clyvv no. 30, from which a spontaneous, mosaic-inducing mutant (mm) was obtained. mapping with chimeric viruses between clyvv no. 30 and mm attributed the symptom ... | 2008 | 17955160 |
| hc-pro, a potyvirus rna silencing suppressor, cancels cycling of cucumber mosaic virus in nicotiana benthamiana plants. | the mixed infection of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) and a potyvirus has been known to increase cmv titer in nicotiana benthamiana plants, resulting in synergistic viral symptoms. we found that among three potyviruses--potato virus y (pvy), turnip mosaic virus (tumv), and clover yellow vein virus (c1yvv)--synergistic effects on cmv (or a recombinant cmv vector) titers were most efficiently induced by a co-infection with pvy in n. benthamiana plants. in addition, the helper component-proteinase (hc ... | 2010 | 20162445 |
| construction of infectious cdna clones derived from the potyviruses clover yellow vein virus and bean yellow mosaic virus. | infectious cdna clones are now indispensible tools for the genetic analysis of viral factors involved in viral virulence and host resistance. in addition, infectious cdna-derived virus vectors that express foreign genes in infected plants enable the production of useful proteins at low cost and can confer novel crop traits. we constructed infectious cdna clones derived from two potyviruses, clover yellow vein virus and bean yellow mosaic virus, which infect legume plants and cause disease. here, ... | 2015 | 25287506 |
| co-infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen-resistant plants. | increasingly, pathogen-resistant (pr) plants are being developed to reduce the agricultural impacts of disease. however pr plants also have the potential to result in increased invasiveness of nontarget host populations and so pose a potential threat to nontarget ecosystems. in this paper we use a new framework to investigate geographical variation in the potential risk associated with unintended release of genetically modified alfalfa mosaic virus (amv)-resistant trifolium repens (white clover) ... | 2012 | 22471074 |
| involvement of the p1 cistron in overcoming eif4e-mediated recessive resistance against clover yellow vein virus in pea. | two recessive genes (cyv1 and cyv2) are known to confer resistance against clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) in pea. cyv2 has recently been revealed to encode eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e (eif4e) and is the same allele as sbm1 and wlm against other potyviruses. although mechanical inoculation with crude sap is rarely able to cause infection of a cyv2 pea, biolistic inoculation of the infectious clyvv cdna clone does. at the infection foci, the breaking virus frequently emerges, res ... | 2010 | 20653413 |
| role of recombination in the evolution of host specialization within bean yellow mosaic virus. | seven complete genomes and 64 coat protein gene sequences belonging to bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv) isolates from different continents were examined for evidence of genetic recombination using six different recombination-detection programs. in the seven complete genomes and a single complete genome of the related virus clover yellow vein virus (clyvv), evidence for eight recombination patterns was found by four or more programs, giving firm evidence of their presence, and five additional reco ... | 2009 | 19351247 |
| cross-protection against bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv) and clover yellow vein virus by attenuated bymv isolate m11. | attenuated isolate m11 of bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), obtained after exposing bymv-infected plants to low temperature, and its efficacy in cross-protecting against infection by bymv isolates from gladiolus, broad bean (vicia faba) and white clover (trifolium repens) was assessed with western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the level of cross-protection varied depending on the challenge virus isolates. cross-protection was complete against bymv isolates from gla ... | 2009 | 19203277 |
| activation of the salicylic acid signaling pathway enhances clover yellow vein virus virulence in susceptible pea cultivars. | the wild-type strain (cl-wt) of clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) systemically induces cell death in pea cv. plant introduction (pi) 118501 but not in pi 226564. a single incompletely dominant gene, cyn1, controls systemic cell death in pi 118501. here, we show that activation of the salicylic acid (sa) signaling pathway enhances clyvv virulence in susceptible pea cultivars. the kinetics of virus accumulation was not significantly different between pi 118501 (cyn1) and pi 226564 (cyn1); however, ... | 2009 | 19132869 |
| biological, serological, and molecular variabilities of clover yellow vein virus. | abstract a comparative study was made on the host reactions, serological properties, and nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (cp) gene of 10 clover yellow vein virus (c1yvv) isolates and one bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv) isolate collected from different host plant species and locations in japan. two strains of c1yvv isolates, grouped on the basis of host reactions on chenopodium amaranticolor, c. quinoa, nicotianaclevelandii, n. benthamiana, vicia faba, and trifolium repens, corresponded ... | 1997 | 18945034 |
| serological relationships between the cylindrical inclusion proteins of potyviruses. | abstract antisera to the cytoplasmic inclusion proteins (cips) of bean yellow mosaic (bymv), clover yellow vein (clyvv), turnip mosaic (tumv), sweet potato feathery mottle (spfmv), and maize dwarf mosaic (mdmv) potyviruses were used to examine the relationships between the cips of 18 potyviruses. the antisera to cips of bymv, clyvv, tumv, and spfmv cross-reacted to most or all of the purified cips tested in western blot assays. the mdmv cip antiserum reacted significantly only to the mdmv and so ... | 1998 | 18944875 |
| two resistance modes to clover yellow vein virus in pea characterized by a green fluorescent protein-tagged virus. | abstract this study characterized resistance in pea lines pi 347295 and pi 378159 to clover yellow vein virus (clyvv). genetic cross experiments showed that a single recessive gene controls resistance in both lines. conventional mechanical inoculation did not result in infection; however, particle bombardment with infectious plasmid or mechanical inoculation with concentrated viral inocula did cause infection. when clyvv no. 30 isolate was tagged with a green fluorescent protein (gfp) and used t ... | 2007 | 18943572 |
| enemy release after introduction of disease-resistant genotypes into plant-pathogen systems. | predicting the magnitude of enemy release in host-pathogen systems after introduction of novel disease resistance genes has become a central problem in ecology. here, we develop a general quantitative framework for predicting changes in realized niche size and intrinsic population growth rate after introgression of disease resistance genes into wild host populations. we then apply this framework to a model host-pathogen system targeted by genetically modified and conventionally bred disease-resi ... | 2007 | 17299054 |
| heterologous expression of viral suppressors of rna silencing complements virulence of the hc-pro mutant of clover yellow vein virus in pea. | many plant viruses encode suppressors of rna silencing, including the helper component-proteinase (hc-pro) of potyviruses. our previous studies showed that a d-to-y mutation at amino acid position 193 in hc-pro (hc-pro-d193y) drastically attenuated the virulence of clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) in legume plants. furthermore, rna-silencing suppression (rss) activity of hc-pro-d193y was significantly reduced in nicotiana benthamiana. here, we examine the effect of expression of heterologous sup ... | 2012 | 22398917 |
| quantitative and qualitative involvement of p3n-pipo in overcoming recessive resistance against clover yellow vein virus in pea carrying the cyv1 gene. | in pea carrying cyv1, a recessive gene for resistance to clover yellow vein virus (clyvv), clyvv isolate cl-no30 was restricted to the initially infected cells, whereas isolate 90-1 br2 overcame this resistance. we mapped the region responsible for breaking of cyv1-mediated resistance by examining infection of cyv1 pea with chimeric viruses constructed from parts of cl-no30 and 90-1 br2. the breaking of resistance was attributed to the p3 cistron, which is known to produce two proteins: p3, from ... | 2013 | 23616656 |
| a series of eif4e alleles at the bc-3 locus are associated with recessive resistance to clover yellow vein virus in common bean. | clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) is capable of causing severe damage to common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) production worldwide. the snap bean market class is particularly vulnerable because infection may lead to distortion and necrosis of the fresh green pods and rejection of the harvest. three putatively independent recessive genes (cyv, desc, bc-3) have been reported to condition resistance to clyvv; however, their allelic relationships have not been resolved. we identified, evaluated, and c ... | 2013 | 23933781 |
| p3n-pipo of clover yellow vein virus exacerbates symptoms in pea infected with white clover mosaic virus and is implicated in viral synergism. | mixed infection of pea (pisum sativum) with clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) and white clover mosaic virus (wclmv) led to more severe disease symptoms (a phenomenon called viral synergism). similar to the mixed clyvv/wclmv infection, a wclmv-based vector encoding p3n-pipo of clyvv exacerbated the disease symptoms. infection with the wclmv vector encoding clyvv hc-pro (a suppressor of rna silencing involved in potyviral synergisms), also resulted in more severe symptoms, although to a lesser exte ... | 2014 | 24418553 |
| truncated yet functional viral protein produced via rna polymerase slippage implies underestimated coding capacity of rna viruses. | rna viruses use various strategies to condense their genetic information into small genomes. potyviruses not only use the polyprotein strategy, but also embed an open reading frame, pipo, in the p3 cistron in the -1 reading frame. pipo is expressed as a fusion protein with the n-terminal half of p3 (p3n-pipo) via transcriptional slippage of viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). we herein show that clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) produces a previously unidentified factor, p3n-alt, in the +1 ... | 2016 | 26898356 |
| p3n-pipo, a frameshift product from the p3 gene, pleiotropically determines the virulence of clover yellow vein virus in both resistant and susceptible peas. | peas carrying the cyv1 recessive resistance gene are resistant to clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) isolates no.30 (cl-no.30) and 90-1 (cl-90-1) but can be infected by a derivative of cl-90-1 (cl-90-1 br2). the main determinant for the breaking of cyv1 resistance by cl-90-1 br2 is p3n-pipo produced from the p3 gene via transcriptional slippage, and the higher level of p3n-pipo produced by cl-90-1 br2 than by cl-no.30 contributes to the breaking of resistance. here we show that p3n-pipo is also a ... | 2016 | 27279605 |
| plant virology and next generation sequencing: experiences with a potyvirus. | next generation sequencing is quickly emerging as the go-to tool for plant virologists when sequencing whole virus genomes, and undertaking plant metagenomic studies for new virus discoveries. this study aims to compare the genomic and biological properties of bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv) (genus potyvirus), isolates from lupinus angustifolius plants with black pod syndrome (bps), systemic necrosis or non-necrotic symptoms, and from two other plant species. when one clover yellow vein virus (c ... | 2014 | 25102175 |
| split personality of a potyvirus: to specialize or not to specialize? | bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), genus potyvirus, has an extensive natural host range encompassing both dicots and monocots. its phylogenetic groups were considered to consist of an ancestral generalist group and six specialist groups derived from this generalist group during plant domestication. recombination was suggested to be playing a role in bymv's evolution towards host specialization. however, in subsequent phylogenetic analysis of whole genomes, group names based on the original hosts o ... | 2014 | 25148372 |
| screening and analysis of genes expressed upon infection of broad bean with clover yellow vein virus causing lethal necrosis. | abstract: clover yellow vein virus (clyvv) causes lethal systemic necrosis in legumes, including broad bean (vicia faba) and pea (pisum sativum). to identify host genes involved in necrotic symptom expression after clyvv infection, we screened cdna fragments in which expression was changed in advance of necrotic symptom expression in broad bean (v. faba cv. wase) using the differential display technique and secondarily with northern blot analysis. expression changes were confirmed in 20 genes, a ... | 2011 | 21767375 |