| reverse transcription of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna primed with calf-thymus dna hydrolysate: characterization of the purified cdna product. | complementary dna was transcribed from turnip yellow mosaic virus rna, using the method of taylor et al. (1). the purified cdna thus obtained sedimented between 2 and 4 s and was a mostly uniform transcript of template rna. it hybridized with a sharp transition to homologous tymv-rna (crt 1/2 = 2.7 x 10(-2)), but showed a low level of hybridization (less than 5%) to the rnas of two other tymoviruses, namely andean potato latent virus and eggplant mosaic virus. | 1978 | 82938 |
| common nucleotide sequences on long and short rnas of turnip yellow mosaic virus. | | 1977 | 403093 |
| in vivo aminoacylation and 'processing' of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna in xenopus laevis oocytes. | | 1978 | 567751 |
| the occurrence of the coat protein messenger rna in the minor components of turnip yellow mosaic virus. | | 1977 | 891964 |
| isolation of viruses by electro-extraction of infected plants. | the isolation of viruses from infected plant material by a process termed electro-extraction appeared to be a convenient and simple method of obtaining viruses in a fair state of purity. the method has the advantage over the conventional methods of virus purification that the infected plant tissue is not disintegrated and that organic solvents such as chloroform and butanol are avoided. the procedure used was demonstrated on the extraction of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) from infected tobacco and ... | 1977 | 909872 |
| differential translation of turnip yellow mosaic virus mrnas in vitro. | | 1978 | 728152 |
| organization of the genome of turnip yellow mosaic virus deduced from its messenger properties [proceedings]. | | 1979 | 510713 |
| synthesis and accumulation of polyamines and s-adenosylmethionine in chinese cabbage infected by turnip yellow mosaic virus. | | 1979 | 465028 |
| studies on the sequence of the 3'-terminal region of turnip-yellow-mosaic-virus rna. | a fragment representing the 3'-terminal 'trna-like' region of turnip yellow mosaic (tym) virus rna has been purified following incubation of intact tym virus rna with escherichia coli 'rnase p'. this fragment, which is 112+3-nucleotides long has been completely digested with t1 rnase and pancreatic rnase and all the oligonucleotides present in such digests have been sequenced using 32p-end labelling techniques in vitro. the tym virus rna fragment is free of modified nucleosides and does not cont ... | 1977 | 402264 |
| studies of virus structure by laser-raman spectroscopy. turnip yellow mosaic virus and capsids. | laser-raman spectroscopy of the turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) and its capsid indicate the following features of the structure and assembly of the virion. the secondary structure of coat-protein molecules in tymv is comprised of 9 +/- 5% alpha-helix, 43 +/- 6% beta-sheet, and 48 +/- 6% irregular conformation and is not altered by the removal of the rna from the capsid. introduction of as many as 200 chain scissions per rna molecule also does not affect the overall secondary structure of the e ... | 1978 | 352393 |
| valylation of the two rna components of turnip-yellow mosaic virus and specificity of the trna aminoacylation reaction. | a comparative study of the aminoacylation of the two rna components of turnip yellow mosaic virus, of yeast trnaval, trnafmet and of trnaphe by purified yeast valyl-trna synthetase is reported. aminoacylations were performed in the presence of pure yeast trna nucleotidyltransferase, since 85% of the viral rna molecules lacked the 3'-adenosine. we find that aminoacylation of the viral rnas, like trna aminoacylation, reflects an equilibrium between the acylation and deacylation reactions. the kine ... | 1978 | 348466 |
| cell surface labelling of mononuclear cells with antisera associated to turnip yellow mosaic virus of alphalpha mosaic virus particles. a freeze-etch study. | turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) and alphalpha mosaic virus (amv) were used as immuno-electron microscopical markers to detect cell surface receptors on mononuclear cells in freeze-etch replicas. tymv particles were conjugated with vacuum-distilled glutaraldehyde to rabbit igg anti-mouse immunoglobulins (tymv-ramig conjugate) or to rabbit igg anti-mouse theta antigen (tymv-ramth conjugate). b-lymphocytes incubated with tymv-ramig conjugate showed either randomly distributed particles or patches ... | 1977 | 301135 |
| binding of ribosomes to 5'-terminal leader sequences of eukaryotic messenger rnas. | tobacco mosaic virus and turnip yellow mosaic virus genome rnas, which have long (greater than or equal to 69 nucleotides) 5'-terminal leader sequences preceding the aug initiation codon, can form disome initiation complexes when incubated with a wheat germ extract and sparsomycin. in tobacco mosaic virus rna, whereas one ribosome in such complexes presumably occupies the aug-containing initiation site, the other is located within the rna leader sequence. the results favor a model of eukaryotic ... | 1979 | 290990 |
| in vitro inhibition of protein synthesis by purified cores from vaccinia virus. | the mechanism of the shutoff of cellular protein synthesis in vaccinia virus-infected cells has been investigated by using in vitro systems. purified vaccinia cores cause inhibition of endogenous mrna translation in nonpreincubated reticulocyte lysates and ehrlich ascites tumor cell-free systems. translation of viral mrna from turnip yellow mosaic virus is also impaired in wheat germ cell-free extracts. the block induced by vaccinia cores in protein synthesis is not due to a decrease in the avai ... | 1978 | 272632 |
| chemical accessibility of tyrosyl and lysyl residues in turnip yellow mosaic virus capsids. | the chemical accessibility of tyrosyl residues in tymv capsids was studied by spectrophotometric titration and with the nitrating agent tetranitromethane. that of the lysyl residues was probed with trinitrobenzenesulfonate. attempts to test their accessibility in virions were also made. since some of these reactions were accompanied by structural changes, degradation of the particles were monitored with ultracentrifugation and light-scattering measurements. alkaline titration of tymv capsids ind ... | 1975 | 240403 |
| low ph rna-protein interactions in turnip yellow mosiac virus. iii. reassociation experiments with other viral rnas and chemically modified tymv-rna. | | 1975 | 234652 |
| low ph rna-protein interactions in turnip yellow mosaic virus. ii. binding of synthetic polynucleotides of tymv capsids and rna. | | 1975 | 234651 |
| [synthesis of dna complementary to a sequence of genomic rna of turnip yellow mosaic virus (proceedings)]. | | 1977 | 71106 |
| properties of the dna product of reverse transcription of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna preparations. | | 1977 | 70880 |
| solid-like character of virus solutions. | the solid-like behavior of turnip yellow mosaic virus solutions following the extrusion of viral rna in alkali was observed with a torsion-fiber balance developed for the purpose. this method provided a direct measurement of the yield stresses required to break or liquefy these solutions. the yield stresses were found to increase and to be less time dependent with increasing concentrations of the virus and they were maximal at room temperatures. if the virus had been damaged, as by freeze-thaw, ... | 1977 | 17118 |
| the formation of fast-sedimenting turnip yellow mosaic virus rna: structural rearrangement inside the capsid. | | 1977 | 14439 |
| nature and specificity of the rna-protein interaction in the case of the tymoviruses. | dissociation-reassociation experiments performed with turnip yellow mosaic virus in the presence of various rnas and polynucleotides were used to investigate the degree of specificity and the contribution of the associated rna moiety to the stability of tymv. the results emphasize the importance of strategic cytosine residues spread along the rna chain. some insight into the contribution of the protein could be gained from comparison of tymv and eggplant mosaic virus (emv), a virus similar to ty ... | 1976 | 13423 |
| interaction of elongation factor 1 with aminoacylated brome mosaic virus and trna's. | tyrosylated brome mosaic virus rna was found to interact with a binary complex of wheat germ, elongation factor 1 and [3h]gtp. increasing amounts of the aminoacylated viral rna proportionately reduced radioactivity bound to a nitrocellulose filter, as has previously been noted by others for the charged forms of tobacco mosaic virus, turnip yellow mosaic virus, and trna's. however, sephadex chromatography of the products showed that instead of forming the ternary complex elongation factor-gtp-ami ... | 1976 | 978788 |
| sites of coat protein accumulation in turnip yellow mosaic virus-infected cells. | | 1976 | 960556 |
| nucleotide sequence (n=159) of the amino-acid-accepting 3'-oh extremity of turnip-yellow-mosaic-virus rna and the last portion of its coat-protein cistron. | the experiments described in this paper and the following one establish the sequence of the 3'-oh terminal 159 nucleotides of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. uniformly 32p-labeled turnip yellow mosaic virus rna was partially digested with t1 ribonuclease and the fragments were fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. fragments originating from the 3'-oh end of the rna molecule were identified by testing for the 3'-terminal oligonucleotide, c-coh, after total u2 ribonuclease hydrolysis ... | 1977 | 837924 |
| [in vitro infection of chinese cabbage protoplasts by the turnip yellow mosaic virus]. | | 1975 | 808296 |
| inhibition of turnip yellow mosaic virus synthesis by pyrimidine analogues. | the pyrimidine analogues 2-thiouracil, 2-thiouridine, 6-azauracil and 6-azauridine all inhibited the synthesis of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) and increased the synthesis of empty virus protein shells in infected chinese cabbage leaf discs. uracil and uridine reversed these effects. 2-thiouracil also reduced the utp pool in tymv infected leaf discs. the results are consistent with the suggestion that these analogues or their in vivo derivatives affect virus synthesis by inhibiting the biosy ... | 1976 | 989025 |
| nucleotide sequence of turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein mrna. | the primary structure of the coat protein messenger rna of turnip yellow mosaic virus is presented. this sequence is the first complete nucleotide sequence of the coat protein messenger of a plant virus to be reported. the coding region, consisting of 567 nucleotides, is flanked by a 5' noncoding region of 19 nucleotides (not including the initiation codon and the cap structure) and by a 3' noncoding region of 109 nucleotides (including the termination signal). the coat protein mrna has a base c ... | 1978 | 699035 |
| isolation of viral double-stranded rnas using a licl fractionation procedure. | a general procedure for the isolation of virus-specific double-stranded rna (ds-rna) is discribed. the procedure is based on the differential solubility of different types of nucleic acids in licl. principal advantages over conventional methods are simplicity, avoidance of enzymatic treatment, and relatively good yields of undegraded ds-rna while permitting separation of several main groups of cellular and viral nucleic acids from the same batch of tissue. the method has been successfully applie ... | 1978 | 643823 |
| aminoacylation of 3' terminal trna-like fragments of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna: the influence of 5' nonviral sequences. | the present model of the l-shaped trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) rna encompasses 82 nucleotides. a previous kinetic study on 3' terminal tymv rna fragments that contain the trna-like structure and a 5' nonviral gggaga sequence, suggested that viral sequences upstream of the trna-like domain, i.e., upstream of nucleotide 82, increase the rate of aminoacylation (dreher et al. (1988) biochimie 70, 1719-1727). here we report an increase in the aminoacylation rate when the n ... | 1990 | 2207143 |
| size distribution and in vitro translation of the rnas isolated from turnip yellow mosaic virus nucleoproteins. | | 1978 | 619487 |
| physical and functional heterogeneity in tymv rna: evidence for the existence of an independent messenger coding for coat protein. | turnip yellow mosaic virus rna can be separated into two distinct components of 2 times 10(6) and 300 000 daltons molecular weight after moderate heat treatment in the presence of sds or edta. the two species cannot have arisen by accidental in vitro degradation of a larger rna, as they both possess capped 5' ends. analysis of the newly synthesized proteins resulting from translation of each rna by a wheat germ extract shows that the 300 000 molecular weight rna can be translated very efficientl ... | 1976 | 1005112 |
| quasi-elastic behavior of solutions of viral capsid and rna at very low shearing stresses. | by the application of shearing stresses on the order of 10(-3) dyne cm-2 (10(-2) mun cm-2), via the magnetic viscodensimeter, extremely high relative viscosities (greater than 500) were observed when turnip yellow mosaic virus was degraded in alkali into its capsid and rna. the solutions, however, possessed a watery consistency at this stage and exhibited a quasi-elastic character by rotor-recoil experiments. the development of this curious behavior was concentration and temperature dependent; i ... | 1975 | 1059137 |
| [the effect of actinomycin d on the production of viruses by the protoplasts of chinese cabbage infected in vitro by the yellow mosaic virus of turnips]. | chinese cabbage (brassica sinensis l. var. cantonner) protoplasts were infected by turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) and inoculated in the presence or absence of actinomycin d. virus production was determined 40 hrs. after inoculation, the time required for the virus replication cycle to be terminated. while actinomycin d had no effect on tymv production when present at a concentration of 1 microng/ml, a 50 to 80% inhibition of virus production was noticed at concentrations of the order of 5 to ... | 1977 | 405160 |
| translation of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna in vitro: a closed and an open coat protein cistron. | sucrose gradient centrifugation of heat-denatured rna of turnip yellow mosaic virus permitted the isolation of five rna classes with molecular weights ranging from 2.0 to 0.25 x 10(6). the infectivity was shown to be confined to an rna molecule of molecular weight 2.0 x 10(6). no significant increase in infectivity was obtained by combination of the latter rna with the rna classes of smaller size. translation in vitro of the rnas of different size classes in a wheat germ cell-free system reveale ... | 1976 | 1069996 |
| location, rate and asymmetry of ds-rna synthesis during replication of tymv in chinese cabbage. | the ds-rna induced by tymv infection in the nuclei of infected chinese cabbage leaf cells became labelled with [32p]phosphate most rapidly before production of virus could be detected. in contrast, the ds-rna associated with the chloroplasts became labelled most rapidly during the period of maximum virus production. | 1976 | 1275406 |
| specific valylation of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna by wheat germ valyl-trna synthetase determined by three anticodon loop nucleotides. | the valylation by wheat germ valyl-trna synthetase of anticodon loop mutants of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna has been studied. rna substrates 264 nucleotides long were made by t7 rna polymerase from cdna encompassing the 3' trna-like region of genomic rna. substitution singly, or in combination, of three nucleotides in the anticodon loop resulted in very poor valylation (vmax/km less than 10(-3) relative to wild type). these nucleotides thus represent the major valine identity determinants rec ... | 1992 | 1390705 |
| turnip yellow mosaic virus variants produced from dna clones encoding their genomes. | full-length dsdna clones that encode the genomes of two australian turnip yellow mosaic isolates, tymv-bl and tymv-cl have been constructed. these clones were transcribed to give 6.3 kb capped ssrna which infects chinese cabbages to give symptoms indistinguishable from those produced by the parental viruses. extensions of up to 26 nucleotides at the 3' end of the tymv-bl clone delay infections, but virus particles isolated from these plants 4 weeks after inoculation contain rna with the original ... | 1992 | 1456892 |
| second-site suppressor mutations assist in studying the function of the 3' noncoding region of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. | the 3' noncoding region of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna includes an 82-nucleotide-long trna-like structure domain and a short upstream region that includes a potential pseudoknot overlapping the coat protein termination codon. genomic rnas with point mutations in the 3' noncoding region that result in poor replication in protoplasts and no systemic symptoms in planta were inoculated onto chinese cabbage plants in an effort to obtain second-site suppressor mutations. putative second-site suppre ... | 1992 | 1501271 |
| comparison of the strategies of expression of five tymovirus rnas by in vitro translation studies. | total nucleotide sequencing of the rna genome of various tymoviruses has demonstrated that the overall genome organization of these viruses is identical. furthermore, the strategies of expression of the turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) genome have been established by in vitro translation studies; these include the synthesis of a subgenomic rna, the utilization of overlapping open reading frames (orfs) and maturation of a polyprotein. in the experiments described here, the strategies of expressi ... | 1992 | 1538200 |
| efficient mischarging of a viral trna-like structure and aminoacylation of a minihelix containing a pseudoknot: histidinylation of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. | mischarging of the valine specific trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) rna has been tested in the presence of purified arginyl-, aspartyl-, histidinyl-, and phenylalanyl-trna synthetases from bakers' yeast. important mischarging of a 264 nucleotide-long transcript was found with histidinyl-trna synthetase which can acylate this fragment up to a level of 25% with a loss of specificity (expressed as vmax/km ratios) of only 100 fold as compared to a yeast trna(his) transcript. ... | 1992 | 1579487 |
| queuosine modification of the wobble base in trnahis influences 'in vivo' decoding properties. | the 'in vivo' decoding properties of four trnahis isoacceptors, two from drosophila melanogaster and two from brewer's yeast, were studied after their microinjection, along with turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) coat protein mrna, into xenopus laevis oocytes. the two drosophila isoacceptors are identical besides containing either a guanosine (g) or the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (q) in the wobble position. the brewer's yeast isoacceptors differ by four bases in the anticodon stem, and by ... | 1985 | 2988936 |
| comparisons of the genomic sequences of erysimum latent virus and other tymoviruses: a search for the molecular basis of their host specificities. | the nucleotide sequence of the genome of erysimum latent tymovirus (elv) has been determined. it closely resembles those of the other four sequenced tymoviral genomes in its gene organization and composition, but is the smallest (6034 nucleotides) and most distinct of them. furthermore the 78 non-coding nucleotides at the 3' terminus of the elv genome are unable to form a complete trna-like structure like that reported for other tymoviruses. comparisons of the five tymovirus genomes and their en ... | 1992 | 1607861 |
| in vitro decapsidation of turnip yellow mosaic virus investigated by cryo-electron microscopy: a model for the decapsidation of a small isometric virus. | the in vitro decapsidation of a small isometric plant virus, turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv), was investigated by cryo-electron microscopy. cryo-electron micrographs of tymv and empty shells show that rapidly frozen virions still contain their rna. images of vitrified virions resemble closely those previously obtained by negative staining. rapidly frozen virions decapsidate upon thawing although they remain well dispersed on the grid. the escape of the rna through a hole at the periphery of th ... | 1992 | 1645143 |
| proteolytic maturation of the 206-kda nonstructural protein encoded by turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. | the longest open reading frame of turnip yellow mosaic virus genomic rna (orf-206) encodes a 206-kda nonstructural protein. the most prominent in vitro translation products of orf-206 are the full-length p206 and a shorter n-coterminal 150-kda protein. we have confirmed these assignments by immunoprecipitation of in vitro translation products with antisera raised to n-terminal and c-terminal regions encoded by orf-206. the mechanism by which the 150-kda protein arises from orf-206 was investigat ... | 1991 | 1831310 |
| specific valylation identity of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna by yeast valyl-trna synthetase is directed by the anticodon in a kinetic rather than affinity-based discrimination. | variants with mutations in three parts of the trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna (the anticodon, the discriminator position in the amino acid acceptor stem, and in the variable loop) were created via site-directed mutagenesis of a cdna clone and transcription with t7 rna polymerase. the valylation properties of transcripts were studied in the presence of pure yeast valyl-trna synthetase. mutation of the central position of the anticodon triplet resulted in a quasi-total loss o ... | 1991 | 1991471 |
| turnip yellow mosaic virus rnas with anticodon loop substitutions that result in decreased valylation fail to replicate efficiently. | single and multiple nucleotide substitutions have been introduced into the anticodon loop of the trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) genomic rna. we studied the effects of these mutations on in vitro valylation and on replication in chinese cabbage protoplasts and plants. only those mutants capable of efficient and complete valylation showed efficient replication in protoplasts and gave rise to systemic symptoms in whole plants. mutants that accepted valine inefficiently (in ... | 1991 | 2033666 |
| stimulatory effect of ammonium sulfate at high concentrations on the aminoacylation of trna and trna-like molecules. | the influence of various salts on the aminoacylation of trna(val) and the trna-like structure from turnip yellow mosaic virus rna by yeast valyl-trna synthetase has been studied. as expected, increasing the concentration of salts inhibits the enzymatic reaction. however, in the presence of high concentration of ammonium sulfate, and only this salt, the inhibitory effect is suppressed. under such conditions, the aminoacylation becomes comparable to that measured in the absence of salt. it was sho ... | 1990 | 2178975 |
| interaction of rnase p from escherichia coli with pseudoknotted structures in viral rnas. | in a previous study it was shown that rnase p from e. coli cleaves the trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) rna in vitro (guerrier-takada et al. (1988) cell, 53, 267-272). cleavage takes place at the 3' side of the loop that crosses the deep groove of the pseudoknot structure present in the aminoacyl acceptor domain. in the present study fragments of tymv rna with mutations in the pseudoknot, generated by transcription in vitro, were tested for susceptibility to cleavage by r ... | 1990 | 2194161 |
| search of essential parameters for the aminoacylation of viral trna-like molecules. comparison with canonical transfer rnas. | comparative structural and functional results on the valine and tyrosine accepting trna-like molecules from turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) and brome mosaic virus (bmv), and the corresponding cognate yeast trnas are presented. novel experiments on tymv rna include design of variant genes of the trna-like domain and their transcription in vitro by t7 rna polymerase, analysis of their valylation catalyzed by yeast valyl-trna synthetase, and structural mapping with dimethyl sulfate and carbodiimi ... | 1990 | 2207141 |
| primary structure of belladonna mottle virus coat protein. | the coat protein of belladonna mottle virus (a tymovirus) was cleaved by trypsin and chymotrypsin, and the peptides were separated by high performance liquid chromatography using a combination of gel permeation, reverse phase, and ion pair chromatography. the peptides were sequenced manually using the 4-n, n-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-isothiocyanate/phenyl isothiocyanate double-coupling method. the chymotryptic peptides were aligned by overlapping sequences of tryptic peptides and by homology wi ... | 1989 | 2467911 |
| infectious tymv rna from cloned cdna: effects in vitro and in vivo of point substitutions in the initiation codons of two extensively overlapping orfs. | full-length cdna of the 6.3 kb turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) genome was placed between a t7 promoter and a unique hind iii site. in vitro transcription of hind iii-linearized dna of clone ptymc yielded full-length rna transcripts. in inoculations of chinese cabbage protoplasts and plants, capped transcripts and virion rna had similar specific infectivities and produced similar systemic symptoms. we have used the ptymc clone in studies of the expression of two overlapping open reading frames ... | 1989 | 2473440 |
| mechanism of synthesis of turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein subgenomic rna in vivo. | turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) possesses a monopartite single-stranded (+) sense rna genome in which the coat protein (cp) gene is 3' proximal and is expressed in vivo via a subgenomic rna. evidence is presented here that this subgenomic rna is synthesized in vivo by internal initiation of replication on (-) rna strands of genomic length. the double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) from tymv-infected plants have been isolated, purified, and characterized. under native conditions, no dsrnas (replicative ... | 1989 | 2763458 |
| the replication of plant virus rna. | the roles of plant-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerases and viral rna replicases in the replication of plant viral rna are reviewed with respect to the positive single-stranded tymv, cpmv and bmv. | 1985 | 3940008 |
| southern bean mosaic virus rna remains associated with swollen virions during translation in wheat germ cell-free extracts. | l-[35s]methionine-labeled translation complexes were prepared by incubating either swollen intact southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv) particles or unencapsidated sbmv rna in a wheat germ extract. the complexes were analysed by sucrose gradient centrifugation and by electron microscopy and dot blot hybridization of fractions from these gradients. in these complexes, 80 s ribosomes appeared to be associated with intact or near intact particles, suggesting that sbmv particles disassemble only after t ... | 1989 | 2763469 |
| the expression, localization, and effect of a human interferon in plants. | the orf ii of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna was replaced with the human ifn alpha d coding sequence to yield a stable camv strain designated ca524i. inoculation of turnip (brassica rapa cv "just right") with strain ca524i dna excised from plasmid pca524i resulted in the production of biologically active ifn alpha d in infected plants. this was also true for its mutant (ca562i) where one of the cys codons was deleted. ifn alpha d produced in planta did not hamper superinfection with a singl ... | 1989 | 2773316 |
| biochemical and biophysical analysis of pseudoknot-containing rna fragments. melting studies and nmr spectroscopy. | three overlapping rna fragments containing the pseudoknot, as found in the trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) rna, have been isolated and purified. site-directed cleavage of tymv rna by rnase h, followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion-exchange hplc, yielded a pure preparation of a 3'-terminal, 112-nucleotide tymv rna fragment. transcription of tymv cdna by t7 rna polymerase, resulted in the isolation of an 88-nucleotide fragment. finally, a 44-nucleotide fragmen ... | 1989 | 2776753 |
| nucleotide sequence of the genome of an australian isolate of turnip yellow mosaic tymovirus. | the nucleotide sequence of the club lake isolate of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv-cl) genomic rna has been determined. the genome is 6319 nucleotide residues in length and has three major open reading frames (orfs), two of which overlap. the smallest orf is proximal to the 3' terminus and encodes the virion protein gene, which has 98% sequence similarity with the virion protein gene reported for the type strain of tymv. the largest orf is from nucleotide residues 96 to 5630, and encodes a pro ... | 1989 | 2800335 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ononis yellow mosaic tymovirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the genome of ononis yellow mosaic tymovirus (oymv) has been determined. the genome is single-stranded rna, 6211 nucleotides long, and has three main open reading frames (orfs), two of them overlapping. the largest orf (nucleotides 179-5509) encodes a polyprotein of 1776 amino acid residues that has sequence similarities with polymerases of other viruses with rna genomes. the smaller overlapping orf (nucleotides 172-1965) encodes a protein of 597 amino acids of unknown ... | 1989 | 2800337 |
| temperature dependent chemical and enzymatic probing of the trna-like structure of tymv rna. | in this paper we report on the thermal unfolding of the trna-like structure present at the 3' end of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) rna. diethyl pyrocarbonate (dep), sodium bisulphite, nuclease s1 and ribonuclease t1 were used as structure probes at a broad range of temperatures. in this way most of the nucleotides present in the trna-like moiety were analysed. the melting behaviour of both secondary and tertiary interactions could be followed on the basis of the temperature dependent accessi ... | 1988 | 2833723 |
| evidence for the intracellular site of double-stranded turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. | | 1971 | 4109516 |
| studies on the mechanism of translational enhancement by the 5'-leader sequence of tobacco mosaic virus rna. | translation of foreign mrnas is enhanced by a cis-acting derivative (omega') of the 5'-leader sequence (omega) of tobacco mosaic virus rna (vulgare strain). to explain this effect we have conducted several experiments in vitro. 1. the presence of various 5'-terminal sequences, including omega', did not significantly increase the half-lives of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) or neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) mrnas in wheat-germ extract. also, a long leader sequence, unrelated to omeg ... | 1988 | 2841127 |
| partial nucleotide sequences in turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. | | 1965 | 4285106 |
| mutational analysis of the pseudoknot in the trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. aminoacylation efficiency and rna pseudoknot stability. | site-directed mutations were introduced in the connecting loops and one of the two stem regions of the rna pseudoknot in the trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. the kinetic parameters of valylation for each mutated rna were determined in a cell-free extract from wheat germ. structure mapping was performed on most mutants with enzymic probes, like rnase t1, nuclease s1 and cobra venom ribonuclease. an insertion of four a residues in the four-membered connecting loop l1 that cro ... | 1992 | 1731070 |
| serological interrelationships in the turnip yellow mosaic virus group. | | 1974 | 4362544 |
| genomic rna sequence of turnip yellow mosaic virus isolate tymc, a cdna-based clone with verified infectivity. | | 1992 | 1731998 |
| expression of orf-69 of turnip yellow mosaic virus is necessary for viral spread in plants. | turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) rna has two extensively overlapping open reading frames (orfs) encoding noncapsid proteins. the longest of these, orf-206, is essential for rna replication. we have investigated the expression and role of orf-69 (encoding a protein with a mw of 69k) using specific antiserum and mutant genomic rnas designed to interrupt orf-69 expression. tyc69 antiserum immunoprecipitated a protein with an apparent mw of 75k (p69) from in vitro translations of tymv rna. mutant r ... | 1992 | 1736523 |
| the 3' promoter region involved in rna synthesis directed by the turnip yellow mosaic virus genome in vitro. | we have previously shown that the last 100 nucleotides from the 3' end of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) rna compete in vitro with genomic rna for the tymv-specific rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). to further characterize the promoter on genomic rna that produces complementary rna strands, shorter fragments corresponding to the 3' region of the viral rna were generated and used in in vitro assays. fragments as short as 38 nucleotides corresponding to the 3' end of tymv rna compete with th ... | 1991 | 1743292 |
| thermal stability of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna: effect of ph and multivalent cations on rna deaggregation and degradation. | light scattering studies of rna isolated from turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) revealed a molar mass of 1.9.10(6) g mol-1, which is close to the value of 2.0.10(6) g mol-1 published for intact genomic tymv rna (2m rna). however, gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions demonstrated that only 30-40% of this native rna was 2m rna. sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed the occurrence of a series of smaller rna size classes, the mass ratios of which were greatly influenced by the ph of th ... | 1991 | 1756181 |
| valine specific trna-like structure in rnas of two viruses of turnip yellow mosaic virus group. | | 1972 | 4654402 |
| in vitro transcription and translational efficiency of chimeric sp6 messenger rnas devoid of 5' vector nucleotides. | a plasmid containing the bacteriophage sp6 promoter, designated phsto, permits in vitro transcription of rnas devoid of vector-derived nucleotides. this vector has been characterized for relative transcriptional activity using constructs which alter the conserved nucleotides extending beyond the sp6 transcriptional initiation site. sp6 polymerase efficiently transcribes cdna inserts which contain a guanosine (g) nucleotide at position +1 relative to the sp6 promoter; however, inserts with an ade ... | 1988 | 3260027 |
| 3-d graphics modelling of the trna-like 3'-end of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna: structural and functional implications. | the trna-like structure of the aminoacylatable 3'-end of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) rna was submitted to 3-d graphics modelling. a model of this structure has been inferred previously from both biochemical results and sequence comparisons which presents a new rna folding feature, the "pseudoknot". it has been verified that this structure can be constructed without compromising accepted rna stereochemical rules, namely base stacking and preferential 3'-endo sugar pucker. the model has aide ... | 1987 | 3270524 |
| turnip yellow mosaic virus-rna replicase: partial purification of the enzyme from the solubilized enzyme-template complex. | | 1974 | 4820886 |
| novel reactions of rnaase p with a trna-like structure in turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. | a quasi-continuous double hellix, containing a pseudoknot and ending in a single-stranded region which contains cca, can be formed at the 3' terminus of the genomic rnas of certain plant viruses. m1 rna (the catalytic subunit) alone and the rnaase p holoenzyme from e. coli cleave the trna-like structure of tymv rna in vitro at the 5' side of the quasi-helical structure to generate 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl groups in the cleavage products. the intact pseudoknot structure in the substrate is no ... | 1988 | 3359488 |
| overlapping open reading frames revealed by complete nucleotide sequencing of turnip yellow mosaic virus genomic rna. | the complete nucleotide sequence of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) genomic rna has been determined on a set of overlapping cdna clones using a sequential sequencing strategy. the rna is 6318 nucleotides long, excluding the cap structure. the genome organization deduced from the sequence confirms previous results of in vitro translation. a novel open reading frame (orf) putatively encoding a pro-rich and very basic 69k (k = kilodalton) protein is detected at the 5' end of the genome. it is ini ... | 1988 | 3399388 |
| studies on the 5'-terminus of turnip yellow mosaic virus rna. | | 1968 | 4939621 |
| biophysical properties of rna from turnip yellow mosaic virus. | | 1965 | 4956460 |
| "particle-sieve" electrophoresis of viruses in polyacrylamide gels, exemplified by purification of turnip yellow mosaic virus. | | 1965 | 4956714 |
| nucleotide sequence comparisons of turnip yellow mosaic virus isolates from australia and europe. | the genomic sequences of four isolates of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv-cd) from australia, and three tymv-1 (type) and three tymv-2 (cauliflower) isolates from europe were compared by cdna-rna hybridization tests, by analysis of the fragments produced from cdna-rna hybrids by restriction endonuclease treatment, and by determining the 3' terminal nucleotide sequences of their coat protein mrnas. all three methods showed only slight differences (ca. 1%) between the mrna sequences of different ... | 1987 | 3426397 |
| [study of the structure of the ribonucleic acid of the turnip yellow mosaic virus by viscosity]. | | 1968 | 4971290 |
| [effects of 2 inhibitors of protein synthesis on the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus and turnip yellow mosaic virus]. | | 1969 | 4975883 |
| contact areas of the turnip yellow mosaic virus trna-like structure interacting with yeast valyl-trna synthetase. | the trna-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus is known to be efficiently recognized and aminoacylated by valyl-trna synthetase. the present work reports domains in the isolated trna-like fragment (159 terminal nucleotides at the 3'-end of the two viral rnas) in contact with purified yeast valyl-trna synthetase. these domains were determined in protection experiments using chemical and enzymatic structural probes. in addition, new data, re-enforcing the validity of the tertiary folding mo ... | 1986 | 3540311 |
| [kinetics of multiplication of the turnip yellow mosaic virus studied in cells isolated from infected cabbage-leaves]. | | 1971 | 4996406 |
| a new 'sense' rna approach to block viral rna replication in vitro. | the use of "antisense" rna is being widely considered to block specific steps in viral infection. we propose here a new "sense" rna approach to block viral rna replication in vitro and possibly in vivo. in the turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) system, the recognition site of the viral replicase (rna-dependent rna polymerase) is assumed to be located within the 3' end of the rna genome. small "sense" rnas have been obtained by in vitro transcription of the corresponding cloned cdnas. replication ... | 1987 | 3588287 |
| universal calibration of gel permeation chromatography and determination of molecular shape in solution. | gel permeation chromatography (gpc) has become a routine technique for both biology and polymer chemistry. by comparison our theoretical perception of the separation principle of gpc is still immature and conflicting and so is the assessment of the analytical informational content of this method. in order to discriminate between the various parameters that might influence gpc and thus to decide among the numerous propositions of calibration, several odd biopolymers (tropomyosin, spectrin, dna, t ... | 1987 | 3605596 |
| proteolytic origin of the 150-kilodalton protein encoded by turnip yellow mosaic virus genomic rna. | turnip yellow mosaic virus genomic rna codes in vitro for two overlapping proteins, 150-kilodalton (150k protein) and 206-kilodalton (206k protein) proteins. the proteolytic maturation known to affect the 206k protein has been further characterized by in vitro translation assays in a reticulocyte lysate or wheat germ extract. cleavage is inhibited at 37 degrees c and restored when the temperature is shifted to 30 or 25 degrees c. temperature shift experiments are used here to demonstrate that th ... | 1989 | 2685354 |
| turnip yellow mosaic virus and its capsid have thermal stabilities with opposite ph dependence: studies by differential scanning calorimetry and 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | in the differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) scans of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) or its capsid a single endotherm was observed. the endotherm was attributed to disruption of the virion or capsid structure with accompanying protein denaturation. at ph 4.5 the thermal stabilities of the tymv virion and capsid were similar. with increasing ph, the capsid stability increased while the virion stability decreased. at neutral ph the capsid disrupted at 83.5 degrees, and the virion disrupted at ... | 1985 | 4049734 |
| the incorporation of radiolabeled polyamines and methionine into turnip yellow mosaic virus in protoplasts from infected plants. | turnip yellow mosaic virus contains large amounts of nonexchangeable spermidine and induces an accumulation of spermidine in infected chinese cabbage. by 7 days after inoculation, a majority of protoplasts isolated from newly emerging leaves stain with fluorescent antibody to the virus. these protoplasts contain 1-2 x 10(6) virions per cell and continue to produce virus in culture for at least 48 hr. [14c]spermidine (10 microm) was taken up by these cells in amounts comparable to the original en ... | 1985 | 4060587 |
| the effects of dicyclohexylamine on polyamine biosynthesis and incorporation into turnip yellow mosaic virus in chinese cabbage protoplasts infected in vitro. | we have reported (r. balint and s. s. cohen, 1985, virology 144, 181-193) that protoplasts from plants infected with turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) continue to produce virus in culture and that newly formed virus particles contained predominantly newly synthesized spermidine and spermine. inhibition of spermidine synthesis by dicyclohexylamine (dcha), however, led to incorporation of preexisting spermidine and increased amounts of spermine into newly formed virions. we now report similar resu ... | 1985 | 4060588 |
| turnip yellow mosaic virus. | | 1966 | 5333726 |
| physicochemical studies on turnip-yellow-mosaic virus. homogeneity, relative molecular masses, hydrodynamic radii and concentration-dependence of parameters in non-dissociating solvents. | turnip-yellow-mosaic virus, with its stable, highly spherical and monodisperse character, was chosen as a suitable model substance with which to test hydrodynamic theories of transport. sedimentation coefficients, diffusion coefficients (obtained through photon correlation spectroscopy) and viscosities were measured accurately as a function of concentration in well-defined and nearly neutral buffer systems. ancillary information was also obtained from very-low-speed sedimentation-equilibrium exp ... | 1985 | 4074323 |
| a circular dichroism study of the turnip yellow mosaic virus-rna. | we examined the circular dichroism spectra of intact turnip yellow mosaic virus, freezed/thawed virus, empty capsid particles, and phenol extracted rna. the circular dichroism signal of the empty capsid was found to contribute for less than 1% to the circular dichroism of the virus. differences in the circular dichroism spectra indicate that tymv-rna exhibits different conformations when it is in situ in the virus, when it has been ejected by freezing/thawing and when it has been phenol extracte ... | 1985 | 4084608 |
| the significance of chloroplast abnormalities associated with infection by turnip yellow mosaic virus. | | 1970 | 4099065 |
| [specific double-strand rna of the turnip yellow-mosaic virus: experience with specific dilution]. | | 1967 | 4229381 |
| primary structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein. | | 1972 | 4340812 |
| biophysical studies on double-stranded rna from turnip yellow mosaic virus-infected plants. | | 1967 | 5584175 |
| electron microscopy of double-stranded rna induced by turnip yellow mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. | | 1967 | 5584176 |
| a study of tubes produced in plants infected with a strain of turnip yellow mosaic virus. | | 1968 | 5652681 |
| studies on the interaction of p-mercuribenzoate with turnip yellow mosaic virus. v. induced ribonuclease sensitivity and degradation of the varion. | | 1968 | 5652682 |
| immunochemical properties of elongation factors 1 of plant origin. | elongation factors 1 (ef-1) have been isolated from different plants: wheat, yellow lupine, blue lupine, chinese cabbage and norway maple. antibodies for ef-1 from yellow lupine have been obtained in rabbits; antibodies for wheat ef-1 were elicited in mice. the immunological properties of ef-1 were assayed by the following methods: western blotting, double immunodiffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. our results suggest that one antigenic site is similar for all plant elongation binding fac ... | 1988 | 3123226 |