| murine model for immunoprophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection. i. efficacy of immunization. | murine cytomegalovirus was utilized as a model for human cytomegalovirus, which had no experimental animal, to study immunoprophylaxis of the cytomegalovirus infections. (1) murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) serially propagated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts had lost pathogenicity for weanling mice including neonatally thymectomized mice. (2) the cell culture-adapted mcmv was effective as a "live, attenuated virus vaccine" against challenge by virulent, mouse-passaged mcmv. (3) the immunization via ... | 1978 | 85239 |
| pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus infection. distribution of viral products, immune complexes and autoimmunity during latent murine infection. | during studies on the mechanisms of virus latency, reactivation and resultant tissue injury in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in utero or at birth, we found the occurrence of three distinct pathological groups. in the first group, mice died within 4 weeks of exposure to virus and showed evidence of tissue injury due to mcmv in multiple tissues and organs of the body. the second group consisted of mice which survived the initial infection and was composed of a minority (about 25 ... | 1976 | 186563 |
| murine cytomegalovirus infection in a non-permissive line of mouse fibroblasts. | a line of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-resistant cells was derived from mouse embryo cultures. the virus penetrated the nuclei of these resistant cells efficiently and a small amount of viral gene transcription occurred, although no viral dna synthesis was detected. synthesis of cellular dna, rna and protein continued unabated, and the infected cells grew at the same rate as uninfected cells. the block in virus replication in these cells appears to be between early transcription and viral dna s ... | 1977 | 202228 |
| multiple interactions between murine cytomegalovirus and lymphoid cells in vitro. | spleen cultures from various strains of mice were infected in vitro with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). infectious centres were established in a small proportion (not greater than 1%) of the cells. virus could be rescued from these cells by co-cultivation with syngeneic or allogeneic fibroblasts, but the frequency of rescue could not be altered by incubation with cyclic nucleotide analogues, iododeoxyuridine, cortisol, or allogeneic spleen cells. in addition a smaller fraction of the cell popula ... | 1978 | 202668 |
| the effect of heat-inactivated murine cytomegalovirus on host dna synthesis of different cells. | heat-inactivated murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) stimulates cellular dna synthesis in wme, nmg, 3t3, wgia, chick and nik-8 cells, but active or u.v.-irradiated mcmv does not. the stimulation of dna synthesis in nil-8 and chick cells was studied in detail. we found that both the nuclear and the mitochondrial dna synthesis were stimulated in these cells. there was no virus dna synthesis during the period we studied (48 h). the stimulation of nuclear dna synthesis was about threefold in nil-8 and 2.5 ... | 1978 | 207817 |
| effect of exogenous interferon on neonatal infection with murine cytomegalovirus. | one dose of interferon given before inoculation of mcmv to the neonatal mouse resulted in less virus in the submaxillary glands and reduced tissue damage due to mcmv infection, probably by modulating the immune system. | 1978 | 221374 |
| immunosuppression reactivates and disseminates latent murine cytomegalovirus. | when searched for by standard virological methods, murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) becomes undetectable by four months after inoculation of mice. however, a two-week regimen of immunosuppression with antilymphocyte serum and corticosteroid results in reactivation and dissemination of the virus in virtually all animals. this system should be useful in defining the pathogenesis of generalized cytomegalic disease resulting from reactivation of latent virus in immunocompromized individuals. | 1978 | 221402 |
| replication of murine cytomegalovirus in murine y-1 cells. | murine y-1 cells, a continuous epithelial cell line derived from an adrenal adenocarcinoma, are highly susceptible to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. inoculation of these cells with mcmv results in production of infectious virus and is associated with development of both cytopathic changes and the expression of viral-specific nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. examination of the ultrastructure of infected y-1 cells reveals mcmv in various stages of replication. cytomegalovirus replicatio ... | 1979 | 232142 |
| the effects of beta-2-microglobulin on the infectivity of murine cytomegalovirus. | the role of beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2m) in murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection of susceptible (h-2d) and resistant (h-2k) murine embryo fibroblasts (mef) and peritoneal macrophages was evaluated using serum-free virus (sf-mcmv). the infectivity of sf-mcmv was significantly lower than virus propagated in serum, although the concentrations of virions were similar. infection of cells with sf-mcmv was assessed by measuring the proportion of cells expressing viral antigens, the sizes of plaque ... | 1992 | 1312826 |
| protective effects of immunoactive peptide, fk565 against systemic and local infections with herpes simplex virus and murine cytomegalovirus and respiratory tract infection with influenza virus in mice. | the protective effects of fk565 against systemic infections with herpes simplex virus (hsv) and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), respiratory tract infection with influenza virus and zosteriform rash with hsv investigated in mice. fk565 showed excellent protective activities against systemic infections with both acyclovir (acv)-sensitive and -resistant hsv at intravenous and subcutaneous doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg and oral dose of 1 mg/kg. fk565 showed superior protective activities at subcutaneous d ... | 1992 | 1313410 |
| identification of the murine cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b gene and its expression by recombinant vaccinia virus. | the gene encoding glycoprotein b (gb) of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) strain smith was identified, sequenced, and expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. the gb gene was found adjacent to the polymerase gene, as it is in the genome of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). the open reading frame consists of 2,784 nucleotides capable of encoding a protein of 928 amino acids. comparison with gb homologs of other herpesviruses revealed a high degree of homology. the similarity between the mcmv gb and the ... | 1992 | 1318410 |
| identification of the glycoprotein h gene of murine cytomegalovirus. | partial sequencing of the hindiii c fragment of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) revealed an open reading frame of 2172 nucleotides in length encoding a 724 amino acid protein with a predicted mr of 80.4k. analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed homology with glycoprotein h (gh) from a number of other herpesviruses. mcmv gh showed strongest amino acid identity with human (h) cmv and human herpesvirus 6 gh, and less identity with the gh protein sequences of epstein-barr virus, varicel ... | 1992 | 1321219 |
| cytomegalovirus-induced reactivation of toxoplasma gondii pneumonia in mice: lung lymphocyte phenotypes and suppressor function. | active cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is associated with immunosuppression and predisposes to the development of life-threatening superinfections in immunocompromised patients. in a mouse model of virus-induced immunosuppression, acute murine cmv (mcmv) infection induced reactivation of dormant toxoplasma gondii infection, producing toxoplasma pneumonia. changes in lung lymphocyte numbers and phenotypes appeared to be integral to the pathogenesis of mcmv-induced reactivation of t. gondii pneumo ... | 1992 | 1323625 |
| characterization of the murine cytomegalovirus genes encoding the major dna binding protein and the icp18.5 homolog. | in several herpesviruses the genes for the major dna binding protein (mdbp), a putative assembly protein, the glycoprotein b (gb), and the viral dna polymerase (pol) collocate. in murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), two members of this gene block, pol (elliott, clark, jaquish, and spector, 1991, virology 185, 169-186) and gb (rapp, messerle, bühler, tannheimer, keil, and koszinowski, 1992, j. virol., 66, 4399-4406) have been characterized. here the two other mcmv genes are characterized, the gene enc ... | 1992 | 1329325 |
| susceptibility of mouse embryo to murine cytomegalovirus infection in early and mid-gestation stages. | the susceptibility of mouse embryonic cells to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection was studied by injecting the virus in the early and mid-gestation stages. for the early stage, blastocysts from bdf1 mice were injected with mcmv or minimal essential medium (mem) by micromanipulator and returned to the uteri of pseudopregnant icr mice. on day 11 of gestation, the embryos were examined immunohistochemically, using antibody specific to the early antigen of mcmv, and the placentae were examined ... | 1992 | 1333757 |
| correlation between chemical suppression of natural killer cell activity in mice and susceptibility to cytomegalovirus: rationale for applying murine cytomegalovirus as a host resistance model and for interpreting immunotoxicity testing in terms of risk of disease. | the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between chemical suppression of natural killer (nk) cell activity in mice and chemical effects on susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. the goal was to provide a rational basis for applying mcmv as a host resistance model for immunotoxicity testing and to provide risk assessors some guidance in relating suppression of nk cell activity to enhanced risk of disease. data from studies with eight chemicals administered i ... | 1992 | 1326057 |
| cytomegalovirus prevents antigen presentation by blocking the transport of peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class i molecules into the medial-golgi compartment. | selective expression of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) immediate-early (ie) genes leads to the presentation by the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule ld of a peptide derived from mcmv ie protein pp89 (reddehase, m.j., j. b. rothbard, and u.h. koszinowski. 1989. nature (lond.). 337:651). characterization of endogenous antigenic peptides identified the pp89 peptide as the nonapeptide 168yphfmptnl176 (del val, m., h.-j. schlicht, t. ruppert, m.j. reddehase, and u.h. koszinowski. ... | 1992 | 1324970 |
| characterization of a strain of murine cytomegalovirus which fails to grow in the salivary glands of mice. | characterization of a tissue culture-adapted strain of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), the vancouver strain, which demonstrated altered tissue tropism in mice was undertaken to help understand the mechanism of pathogenesis of cytomegaloviruses. the vancouver strain grew to a limited extent in the spleen but failed to grow in the salivary glands of inoculated mice. this mutation probably arose during multiple in vitro passaging of the parental smith strain. the vancouver strain replicated more qui ... | 1992 | 1322959 |
| mouse cytomegalovirus infection induces antibodies which cross-react with virus and cardiac myosin: a model for the study of molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. | mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection induces persisting myocarditis in the susceptible balb/c strain. autoantibodies to cardiac myosin are produced in both susceptible balb/c and resistant c57bl/6 mice following mcmv infection. these affinity-purified anti-cardiac myosin antibodies cross-react with mcmv protein(s). the polypeptides of cmv which share immunological cross-reactivity with the 200,000 mw polypeptide, the heavy chain of myosin, were viral polypeptides of 83,000, 94,000 and 116,000 ... | 1992 | 1315309 |
| an early event in murine cytomegalovirus replication inhibits presentation of cellular antigens to cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection of simian virus 40 (sv40)-immune mice inhibits priming of sv40-specific helper and cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) in vivo (a. e. campbell, j. s. slater, and w. s. futch, virology 173:268-275, 1989; j. s. slater, w. s. futch, v. j. cavanaugh and a. e. campbell, virology 185:132-139, 1991). we now demonstrate that murine cmv (mcmv) infection of sv40-transformed macrophages and fibroblasts prevents presentation of sv40 t antigen to sv40-specific ctl. mcmv-infected mac ... | 1992 | 1313914 |
| polyamine biosynthesis in cells infected with different clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus. | previous work in this laboratory showed that polyamine biosynthesis was stimulated in fibroblasts following infection with the ad169 strain of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) or with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) (tyms et al: biophysics research communications 86:312-318, 1979; advances in polyamine research 4:507-517, 1983). here we compare the affect of ad169 on polyamine production in infected fibroblasts with that of the unusual colburn strain of hcmv. the colburn virus is unusual in that it wa ... | 1991 | 1658212 |
| major histocompatibility complex conformational epitopes are peptide specific. | serologically distinct forms of h-2kb are stabilized by loading cells expressing "empty" class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules with different h-2kb binding peptides. the h-2kb epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody (mab) 28.8.6 was stabilized by ovalbumin (ova) (257-264) and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) pp89 (168-176) peptides, but not by vesicular stomatic virus nucleoprotein (vsv np) (52-59) and influenza np (y345-360) peptides. the h-2kb epitope recognized by mab 34.4.2 ... | 1992 | 1281212 |
| induction of virus specific and h-2 restricted cytotoxic t cells by uv inactivated murine cytomegalovirus. | infection of c3h mice with live or uv-inactivated murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was able to generate population(s) of lymphocytes in the spleen (ctl) which could exert a lytic effect against l cells infected with mcmv but not against uninfected or those infected with hsv-1. the effector cells proved to be theta-bearing t cells and the lysis of target cells was h-2 restricted. data presented show that early viral protein synthesis but not viral dna synthesis was necessary for the appearance of re ... | 1979 | 228635 |
| activation of reticuloendothelial cells following infection with murine cytomegalovirus. | macrophage and reticuloendothelial system function was investigated in adult, female c3h mice during the course of a nonlethal infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). peritoneal macrophages harvested from mice infected three to 21 days previously were tumoricidal in vitro for a syngeneic mammary tumor cell line and showed antiviral activity by suppressing replication of vaccinia virus in a fibroblast monolayer. in addition, macrophages harvested from animals on days 7 and 14 after mcmv inf ... | 1979 | 221597 |
| effect of chlorella vulgaris extracts on murine cytomegalovirus infections. | the host-mediated antiviral effect of chlorella vulgaris extracts (cve) was evaluated in icr mice against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. mice treated with 10 mg of cve on days 3 and 1 before virus challenge survived lethal infection. the protective effect of cve was shown by a decrease in the infectious viruses replicated in the target organs of cve-treated icr mice. cve also protected mice from histopathological damage to the target organs due to mcmv infection. both the serum interfe ... | 1990 | 1693753 |
| transcription analysis and sequence of the putative murine cytomegalovirus dna polymerase gene. | the conservation of the herpesvirus dna polymerases has allowed cross-hybridization studies to be used for their identification and mapping on the viral genome. with the use of a dna fragment containing the dna polymerase gene of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) as a hybridization probe, we were able to localize the dna polymerase gene of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) to a region within mcmv ecori fragment b which spans the hindiii site separating hindiii fragments d and h. this site is colinear wit ... | 1991 | 1718083 |
| enhanced immune response late in primary cytomegalovirus infection of mice. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection has been previously shown to depress humoral and cell-mediated functions to non-mcmv antigens. in this report we show that in c3d2 mice undergoing nonlethal primary infection the depressed anti-sheep rbc plaque-forming cell (pfc) response is followed by an enhanced pfc response. infected mice often generated twice the number of pfc per spleen than that of control mice. total numbers of spleen cells as well as the recovery of virus from spleens of infected ... | 1979 | 221586 |
| pathogenesis of reactivated latent murine cytomegalovirus infection. | sixteen weeks after inoculation, murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) can no longer be detected in the tissues of mice. however, a 2-week course of immunosuppression with antilymphocyte serum and cortisone acetate results in reactivation and dissemination of the latent virus in all animals. in this study of reactivation, mcmv was first detected in the liver, usually during the first week of immunosuppression, and virus replication was shown to be restricted to hepatocytes. subsequently, a viremia occur ... | 1979 | 219700 |
| murine cytomegalovirus-induced protein synthesis. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-induced protein synthesis in mouse embryo fibroblast (mef) cells was studied using polyacrylamide gradient sds gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. synthesis of at least 14 virus induced proteins (vips) was consistently detected in a lytic cycle. they were designated vips 132, 118, 99, 98, 88, 81, 76, 74, 58, 56, 51, 38, 36 and 33 on the basis of their mol. wt. judging from the pattern of the rate of protein synthesis, vips can be classified into three groups: g ... | 1979 | 215707 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of tobacco necrosis virus strain d. | the complete sequence of the rna genome of tobacco necrosis virus strain d (tnv-d) consisting of 3759 nucleotides has been determined. the positive strand contains five open reading frames (orfs). the 5'-proximal orf encodes a 22k protein terminating with an amber codon which may be read through to produce a 82k protein (p82). two small centrally located orfs each encode two out-of-frame 7k proteins (p7a and p7b). the 3'-proximal orf encodes the 29k coat protein (cp), the n terminus of which has ... | 1991 | 1856691 |
| interstitial pneumonia and subclinical infection after intranasal inoculation of murine cytomegalovirus. | although cytomegalovirus (cmv) infections are common throughout the world, little is known about the means of person-to-person transmission. to determine whether infection could be established by a respiratory route, studies were conducted in a murine cmv (mcmv) model by using intranasal inoculation. the infectious dose which resulted in pulmonary and systemic infection of half the mice was 100 plaque-forming units of mcmv. here, infection was subclinical, but virus replicated in the lungs and s ... | 1978 | 213384 |
| murine cytomegalovirus and fertility: potential sexual transmission and the effect of this virus on fertilization in vitro. | male mice were inoculated with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) to produce an acute generalized infection. infections virus was recovered from both epididymal sperm and seminal vesicles as well as from uterine sperm collected from mated females, suggesting that mcmv might be transmitted sexually. because the presence of virus in the ejaculate might affect the fertilization process, the effect of mcmv on the fertilization of mouse gametes and on subsequent embryonic development was studied in vitro. ... | 1978 | 210048 |
| immunoprophylaxis of experimental cytomegalovirus infection. | experimental mcmv infection simulates human disease. since human cmv has no experimental animal, the murine model is useful to study mechanism of immunity to cmv and immunoprophylaxis of cmv infection. the live attenuated mcmv, obtained by serial passages in mef, was effective in immunization of mice against fatal mcmv infection. every parameter of the mcmv infection was nullified by the prior immunization. the protective immunity was cell-mediated and independent of antibody production. the sen ... | 1977 | 203216 |
| alteration of host defense mechanisms by murine cytomegalovirus infection. | an animal model of a sublethal infection, utilizing murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), was developed to determine whether immunological factors could contribute to the establishment of a persistent viral infection. adult female c3h mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(5) plaque-forming units of mcmv developed splenomegaly 5 to 12 days after infection. virus replicated to peak titers (10(3) to 10(6) plaque-forming units per g of tissue) in liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and salivary gland tissue d ... | 1977 | 201566 |
| genetic control of mouse cytomegalovirus-induced myocarditis. | mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection of mice induced myocarditis, characterized by a mononuclear cell infiltrate with associated necrosis of myofibres. myocarditis was observed in parallel with viral inclusion-bearing cells in the heart during the acute phase of the infection. myocarditis also persisted after the acute phase when viral antigens were no longer detectable by immunoperoxidase histochemistry and infectious virus could not be cultivated from various organs. the influence of host ge ... | 1990 | 2155871 |
| characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to murine cytomegalovirus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antibodies raised in mice to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) were characterized in vitro by their virus-neutralizing activity and their reactivity with mcmv polypeptides and mcmv-infected mouse embryo fibroblasts (mef). mcmv was neutralized by the mabs prior to virus adsorption to mef by a complement-dependent mechanism. although the neutralization of mcmv prior to virus adsorption to mef by polyclonal antibodies was enhanced in the presence of complemen ... | 1990 | 2155998 |
| immunosuppression reactivates and disseminates latent murine cytomegalovirus. | when searched for by standard virological methods, murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) becomes undetectable by 4 months after inoculation of mice. however, a 2-week regimen of immunosuppression with antilymphocyte serum and corticosteroid results in reactivation and dissemination of the virus in virtually all animals. this system should be useful in defining the pathogenesis of generalized cytomegalic disease resulting from reactivation of latent virus in immunocompromised individuals. | 1977 | 200714 |
| role of viremia in the suppression of t-cell function during murine cytomegalovirus infection. | the suppression of t-cell deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) synthesis by serum from mice acutely with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was investigated. spleen cells from uninfected mice were exposed to concanavalin a in the presence of serum taken from mice at various times after infection with mcmv. the capacity of the serum to suppress dna synthesis first appeared at day 3 postinfection and was associated with free infectious virus. addition of mcmv to serum from uninfected mice also suppressed dna sy ... | 1977 | 197020 |
| effect of murine cytomegalovirus on the in vitro responses of t and b cells to mitogens. | both in vitro and in vivo murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection depressed the responses of lymphocytes to both b and t cell mitogens. the possibilities that macrophages or nonspecific t cell inhibition of b cells might account for the depressed responses were eliminated. in vitro data suggested that b cell responses are more susceptible to this depression than t cell responses. the possibility that the depression of t cell responses is not a direct effect of viral infection of lymphocytes is d ... | 1976 | 178797 |
| effect of antithymocyte serum of murine cytomegalovirus emcephalitis in weanling mice. | the symptomatology and histopathological picture were studied in weanling mice inoculated intracerebrally with mcmv and treated with ats. increased mortality was observed and fatal encephalopathy developed. lesions in the brain included areas of necrosis with neuronal degeneration without marked inflammatory cell response until the 21st day after infection. in contrast, the brain of mice inoculated with virus alone or with virus and treated with nsh showed perivascular cuffs and focal infiltrati ... | 1975 | 170652 |
| pathogenesis of of cytomegalovirus infection. i. activation of virus from bone marrow-derived lymphocytes by in vitro allogenic reaction. | after infection in utero or at birth with a cell culture adapted strain of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv), several mouse strains developed a latent virus infection in the presence of specific antiviral antibodies. up to 5 mo after infection, mcmv could be activated and recovered from spleen lymphocytes of the infected animals that were co-cultivated with histoincompatible (h-2 foreign) mouse embryo cells from uninfected animals. in contrast, co-cultivation of lymphoid cells from infected mice with ... | 1975 | 163887 |
| autoantibodies to cardiac myosin in mouse cytomegalovirus myocarditis. | myocarditis accompanies sublethal mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection in susceptible balb/c mice and persists beyond the acute phase of infection, in the absence of demonstrable virus antigen but in the continuing presence of autoantibodies to cardiac muscle. heart tissue autoantibodies of the igg class were first detected by elisa in sera at days 3-5 post-infection (pi) and persisted to day 100, in two strains of mcmv-infected mice which are susceptible (balb/c) and resistant (c57bl/10) to m ... | 1990 | 2170269 |
| attenuated murine cytomegalovirus binds to n-acetylglucosamine, and shift to virulence may involve recognition of sialic acids. | treatment of cells with lectins specific for n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) blocked infection by mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv), and glcnac pretreatment of the lectin blocked this effect. mcmv failed to infect n-acetylglucosaminidase (glcnacase)-treated mouse embryo fibroblasts (mef). glcnac and glcnac-containing synthetic oligosaccharides directly inhibited viral infectivity. ulex lectin inhibition of infection was shown to be due to inhibition of surface adsorption of 35s-labeled virus. also, glcn ... | 1990 | 2170680 |
| monoclonal igm antibodies from cytomegalovirus-infected mice recognize the glcnac-containing receptor determinant of murine cmv as well as neutralizing anti-cmv igg antibodies. | this study examines monoclonal antibodies derived from mice at different time points after infection with attenuated murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). the antibodies obtained from mice at 3 weeks p.i. were of igg type (designated v-antibodies) and several could neutralize the virus. those obtained at 5 weeks p.i. were of the igm class (designated r-antibodies), bound to uninfected (mef, mouse embryo fibroblast) cells, and thereby blocked mcmv plaque formation. in elisa, the igm monoclonals (r-antib ... | 1992 | 1373551 |
| pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus-associated pneumonitis in icr mice: possible involvement of superoxide radicals. | we have studied the pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) pneumonitis in immunocompetent icr mice and in mice treated with cyclophosphamide (cp). intranasal infection of immunocompetent mice with mcmv resulted in transient and self-limited pulmonary lesions. when mice were given 200 mg/kg of cp one day before virus infection, transient splenic atrophy and subsequent splenic hypertrophy were induced, and the lesions in the lung were markedly augmented in their number and size although the ... | 1992 | 1333750 |
| treatment of murine cytomegalovirus infections in severe combined immunodeficient mice with ganciclovir, (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine, interferon, and bropirimine. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice were found to be highly susceptible to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. treatment of infected mice with ganciclovir (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg of body weight for 10 days) starting 24 h after virus challenge resulted in delays in death by 2 to 8 days, and no animals survived the infection. (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine (hpmpc) was much more potent, with doses of 1, 3.2, and 10 mg/kg/day (for 10 days) increasing the mean surv ... | 1992 | 1329629 |
| protective effect of mdp-lys(l18), a synthetic derivative of muramyldipeptide, on murine cytomegalovirus infection. | the host-mediated antiviral effect of n alpha-(n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutaminyl)-n epsilon-stearoyl-l-lysine [mdp-lys(l18)] was evaluated in mice against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. mice treated with 800 micrograms of mdp-lys(l18) on day 2 before the virus challenge survived systemic lethal infection. the protective effect of mdp-lys(l18) was evidenced by an increase in plaque-forming units per ld50 and a decrease in virus titers in the target organs. no significant differen ... | 1992 | 1384831 |
| the effect of the cmv-1 resistance gene, which is linked to the natural killer cell gene complex, is mediated by natural killer cells. | the resistance of mice to lethal infection by murine cmv (mcmv) is under complex host genetic control with contributions from both h-2 and non-h-2 genes. we have previously shown that an autosomal, non-mhc encoded gene, cmv-1, controls mcmv replication in the spleen. we have investigated the mechanism by which the cmv-1 resistance gene confers protection against mcmv infection. using h-2 compatible irradiation bone marrow chimeras, the enhanced resistance to mcmv infection that is associated wit ... | 1992 | 1378069 |
| genome structure of tobacco necrosis virus strain a. | an almost complete sequence of the rna genome of tobacco necrosis virus (tnv) strain a has been determined. the genome organization is very similar to that of carnation mottle virus (carmv) and turnip crinkle virus (tcv). the 5'-proximal open reading frame (orf) encodes a 23-kda protein and read-through of its amber codon into the second orf is presumably used for the translation of a 82-kda protein. the third large orf encodes the 30-kda coat protein. two small orfs are located upstream and one ... | 1990 | 2371773 |
| the genetic background modulates the effect of the beige gene on susceptibility to cytomegalovirus infection in mice. | homozygous beige (bg/bg) mice were more susceptible to the development of fatal disease induced by murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) than their bg/ + littermates. however, the increase in susceptibility depended on the genetic background of the strain carrying the bg gene. c57bl/6, sb/le, dba/2, and cba bg/bg mice showed, respectively, 2.5-, 3.2-, 9.5-, and 18.6-fold increases in susceptibility compared with the corresponding bg/+ animals. beige mice showed higher liver titres of mcmv than bg/ + by ... | 1985 | 2412279 |
| potentiation of murine cytomegalovirus pneumonitis by antibiotics in clinical use. | nineteen antibiotics were screened for their effects on the proliferation of murine spleen cells in vitro. ketoconazole suppressed lymphoproliferation at clinically-attainable concentrations, whilst tetracycline, cephalothin, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin were also inhibitory at relatively low concentrations. these antibiotics were selected for further study. high concentrations of cephalothin inhibited macrophage uptake of colloidal gold, while spleen cells from mice treated with ketoconazole re ... | 1991 | 1646780 |
| antiviral activities of hypericin. | hypericin, a photodynamic plant quinone, readily inactivated murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), sindbis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), especially on exposure to fluorescent light. sindbis virus was significantly more sensitive than mcmv. the inactivated mcmv, when used to infect cells, was incapable of synthesizing early or late viral antigens. in addition to this direct virucidal effect, when hypericin was added to cells infected with viable mcmv, inhibition was also observ ... | 1991 | 1650164 |
| effects of nicl2 and cdcl2 on susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus and virus-augmented natural killer cell and interferon responses. | female c3h/hej or cd-1 mice were infected with a sublethal dose of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and then exposed to nickel chloride (nicl2) or cadmium chloride (cdcl2) intramuscularly (im) or by inhalation. effects of these treatments on disease susceptibility, virus-augmented and spontaneous natural killer (nk) cell activity, and virus induction of interferon (ifn) were determined. nicl2 (20 mg/kg, im) enhanced mortality due to mcmv in both mouse strains, and a reduction in virus-augmented nk ... | 1987 | 2440751 |
| antiviral effect of lymphokine-activated killer cells: characterization of effector cells mediating prophylaxis. | lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells generated by cultivation of c57bl/6 mouse spleen cells in the presence of recombinant interleukin-2 were transferred into natural killer (nk) cell-deficient suckling mouse recipients. these mice were then challenged with either murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) or lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcmv) and sacrificed 3 days later. no interleukin 2 infusions were given. mice receiving as few as 5 x 10(5) lak cells had several 100-fold decreases in spleen mcmv tite ... | 1988 | 2458485 |
| molecular basis for cytolytic t-lymphocyte recognition of the murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early protein pp89. | the murine cytomegalovirus protein pp89, which is encoded by gene iei, is a nonstructural regulatory protein expressed in the immediate-early phase of the viral replication cycle and located mainly in the nucleus of infected cells. protection of balb/c (h-2d) mice against a lethal murine cytomegalovirus challenge infection is achieved by vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus, mcmv-iei-vac, expressing pp89 as the only murine cytomegalovirus gene product. the protection is entirely mediate ... | 1988 | 2459408 |
| age-related neurocytotropism of mouse cytomegalovirus in explanted trigeminal ganglions. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) causes severe congenital neurologic disease; adult neural infection is associated with transient cranial nerve palsies. in our experimental model, mouse cmv (mcmv) infects neurons and schwann and satellite cells of cranial nerve ganglions. to study the fate of mcmv in nerve tissue, we explanted trigeminal ganglions from newborn, suckling, and weanling mice, 3 to 36 days after intracranial inoculation. negative explants were co-cultivated with mouse embryo tissue cultu ... | 1979 | 230739 |
| effect of concurrent graft-versus-host reaction on tissue distribution and infectious titer of murine cytomegalovirus. | infection with cytomegalovirus is a major concern following bone marrow transplantation. previously, we have described a model whereby infection by mcmv concurrent with the injection of parental strain lymphoid cells into f1 recipient mice results in a severe graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) when the donor and host differ at the class i mhc locus (i.e., class i mhc disparate gvhr). the present studies were performed to determine whether one consequence of this severe gvhr is the alteration of t ... | 1991 | 1662034 |
| phosphonylmethoxyalkyl purine and pyrimidine derivatives for treatment of opportunistic cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections in murine aids. | murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (maids) was induced in c57bl/6 mice following infection with the lp-bm5 retrovirus complex. infected mice developed splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and loss of b- and t-cell functions 100 days after virus inoculation. mice with aids were highly susceptible to opportunistic murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) infections. the therapeutic activities of two phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea ... | 1991 | 1663726 |
| postnatal porencephaly induced in mouse by murine cytomegalovirus. | mouse embryos were infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) by injecting the virus into the cerebral ventricles at the late gestation. after deliveries, offspring were fed by the mothers until 4 weeks. cystic brain lesions, regarded as porencephaly or paraventricular cysts, were observed in about 20% of the mcmv-injected offspring 3 to 4 weeks after birth. the porencephaly involved the cerebral cortex and the white matter, and sometimes opened to the ventricles, while the paraventricular cyst ... | 1991 | 1664630 |
| detection of murine cytomegalovirus dna in circulating leukocytes harvested during acute infection of mice. | we used virus assay and in situ hybridization with a cloned fragment of the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) genome to study mcmv infection of circulating leukocytes harvested from 3-week-old balb/c, c57bl/6, and c3h mice infected with mcmv intraperitoneally. infectious virus or mcmv dna was detected in leukocytes on days 1 through 21 of infection in balb/c mice and on days 3 through 7 in c57bl/6 mice. on days 5 and 7, mcmv dna or infectious virus was detected in the leukocytes of 17 (94%) of 18 ba ... | 1989 | 2542580 |
| the effect of cyclosporin on major histocompatibility complex-linked resistance to murine cytomegalovirus. | the ability of mice to survive infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is known to be influenced by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). one hypothesis to account for this association is that mhc-linked resistance to mcmv is an 'immune response' gene effect, caused by differences in the strength of the mhc-restricted t cell response of mouse strains with different mhc haplotypes. therefore, removal of t cell responses in mouse strains differing only at the mhc should render ... | 1989 | 2543779 |
| the role of t cells in mouse cytomegalovirus myocarditis. | balb/c mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) developed myocarditis. athymic nu/nu mice infected with the virus did not develop myocarditis, in contrast to heterozygous t-cell competent nu/+mice. mcmv-infected balb/c mice given cyclosporin a(csa) a drug which inhibits the activation of t cells, showed a delay in the development of myocarditis relative to csa-untreated mice infected with mcmv. however, balb/c mice infected with mcmv, regardless of csa treatment, developed both anti-mcmv ... | 1989 | 2544512 |
| effects of l3t4+ lymphocyte depletion on acute murine cytomegalovirus infection. | we examined the role of t lymphocytes bearing the l3t4 phenotype in acute murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. in vivo administration of rat igg2b monoclonal antibody (mab) gk 1.5 was used to deplete mice of l3t4+ lymphocytes during acute mcmv infection. unlike the saline-treated controls that resolved their infections, mice receiving the mab developed persistent and high levels of virus in the salivary gland, lung and spleen. the production of antibody to mcmv was delayed and the titres ach ... | 1989 | 2544664 |
| modulation of immunocompetence by cyclosporin a, cyclophosphamide or protein malnutrition potentiates murine cytomegalovirus pneumonitis. | following intranasal infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), the levels of viral replication in the lungs of susceptible balb/c mice were enhanced by treatment with cyclophosphamide (cy), or to a greater extent cyclosporin a (csa) or the nu/nu genotype. focal inflammation was seen 2-4 days after infection in all groups. this was followed by diffuse interstitial pneumonitis which cleared 12-20 days later in the absence of immunosuppression. although the initial foci of inflammation were les ... | 1991 | 1665228 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus of differing virulence for 1-week-old mice. | to study the pathogenicity of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and to identify virulence determinants, we have isolated and phenotypically characterized a set of temperature-sensitive mutants. one mutant, pp269/38, was avirulent for 1-week-old balb/c mice and restricted in its plaque formation and replication at 39 degrees c. mutants pp242/68 and pp268/38 were 100-fold less virulent than salivary gland-grown virus (sgv), even after two passages in the salivary glands of 1-week-old mice. the former ... | 1989 | 2550573 |
| pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection: the macrophage as a permissive cell for cytomegalovirus infection, replication and latency. | macrophages harvested from the peritoneal cavities of mice of several strains were permissive to infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). macrophages from six mouse strains released equivalent amounts of plaque-forming virus into the culture fluids and cells from mouse strains scored similarly in numbers of infectious centres. twenty to 50% of the infected macrophages obtained after thioglycollate activation formed infectious centres. when studied by in situ hybridization, more than 82% of ... | 1979 | 230287 |
| murine cytomegalovirus-induced suppression of antigen-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte maturation. | antigen-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) maturation was inhibited in mice acutely infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). when immunization with simian virus 40 (sv40) either preceded or followed infection with mcmv by 1 day, the frequency of sv40-specific ctl precursors among lymph node cells (lnc) was significantly reduced compared to noninfected mice. replication of the herpesvirus in lnc could not be detected; however, mcmv rendered noninfectious by heat treatment was not suppressi ... | 1989 | 2554572 |
| antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of hoe 602, an acyclic nucleoside, in animal models. | the acyclic nucleoside derivative hoe 602 (2-amino-9-[1,3-bis(isopropoxy)-2-propoxymethyl]purine) was evaluated for its antiviral activity in cell culture and for its therapeutic efficacy in mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) or with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). hoe 602 was inactive in vitro against a variety of dna- and rna-viruses. however it prevented symptoms and mortality in mice systemically infected with hsv-1, hsv-2 or mcmv when administered intra ... | 1990 | 2177317 |
| murine cytomegalovirus ocular infection in immunocompetent and cyclophosphamide-treated mice. potentiation of ocular infection by cyclophosphamide. | conventional virologic and in situ nucleic acid hybridization methods were used to study immunocompetent and immunosuppressed 3-week old balb/c mice inoculated intravitreally with 10(4) plaque-forming units (pfu) of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). immunocompetent mice experienced a self-limited ocular infection with peak virus titers of 10(3.5) pfu/ml in the retina-choroid fraction on day 4 of infection. using biotinylated mcmv dna probes, mcmv dna was detected in cells of the iris, ciliary body, ... | 1991 | 1851731 |
| retinitis in euthymic mice following inoculation of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) via the supraciliary route. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis is the most frequent infectious ocular complication of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). currently, there are few animal models to study the virologic and immunologic factors which contribute to the pathogenesis of cmv retinitis. in these experiments, 1-2 x 10(4) pfu of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was inoculated into the supraciliary space of balb/c mice. within three days of inoculation, moderate iridocyclitis was observed which progressed to necr ... | 1991 | 1655355 |
| concurrent murine cytomegalovirus and klebsiella pneumoniae infections in germfree mice. | the effects of concurrent murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and klebsiella pneumoniae infections were studied in germfree (gf) mice. the mice received sublethal doses, 5 x 10(5) pfu, of mcmv. k. pneumoniae was injected in doses of 40 to 100 cfu, which by itself killed 0-33% of gf mice. when k. pneumoniae was given to gf mice infected with mcmv, the mortality increased up to 100%, with distinct enhancement persisting until day 10 of the mcmv infection. the virus titer in various organs did not change ... | 1990 | 1965065 |
| a novel virus-like infectious agent in patients with aids. | a novel virus-like infectious agent (vlia), obtained by direct transfection of dna from kaposi's sarcoma of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), was transmissible from culture to culture by cell-free filtrate. vlia contained an outer limiting membrane and had a buoyant density of 1.17-1.20 g/ml in a sucrose gradient. the dna genome of vlia was estimated to be greater than 150 kilobase (kb) pairs and carried repetitive sequences. an 8.6 kb pair cloned probe (psb-8.6) and a 2 ... | 1989 | 2645805 |
| the presence of infectious virus but not conventional antigen can exacerbate graft-versus-host reactions. | previous reports have demonstrated that the introduction of virus (mcmv, hsv-1) concurrent with a graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) limited to a class i mhc disparity can result in the enhancement of gvhr-associated phenotypic (changes in cd4/cd8 ratio) and functional (inability to produce secondary antibody responses) alterations including the augmentation of in situ natural killer (nk) and donor anti-host cytotoxic t-cell activity. in the present study, we investigated whether immunogens other ... | 1990 | 1975119 |
| identification of the maize chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein cistron and characterization of its subgenomic messenger rna. | maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) is a 30-nm icosahedral plant virus composed of a single 25-kda capsid protein component and a 4.4-kb single-stranded, positive-sense genomic rna. northern blot hybridization analysis detected a single 3'-terminal 1.1-kb subgenomic rna in infected plants. virion rna directs the synthesis of several polypeptides in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro translation system of which only the 25-kda polypeptide is immunoprecipitated by mcmv capsid protein antiserum. ... | 1991 | 1994587 |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to murine cytomegalovirus in genetically resistant and susceptible strains of mice. | the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was measured by ear swelling following a challenge with heat-treated mcmv. dth was dose-dependent and could be detected as early as 3 days post-infection with peak responses occurring between days 15 and 21 post-infection. the dth response was found to be specific for mcmv since it could not be elicited by either herpes simplex virus type 1 or influenza a virus in mcmv-primed mice. the elicited d ... | 1987 | 2821177 |
| characterization of a murine cytomegalovirus-induced immunosuppressive factor. | murine cytomegalovirus infection in spleen cultures resulted in the production of a soluble factor, visf (virus-induced suppressive factor), which inhibited concanavalin a mitogenesis in fresh spleen cells. its production was specific for mcmv, since infection of spleen cultures by sindbis virus, or bacteriophages pm 2 and t 4, and the phagocytosis of latex beads, all failed to elicit visf. maximum appearance of the factor occurred within 24 hours p.i. in spleen cultures, and its source was iden ... | 1987 | 2821959 |
| in vivo administration of monoclonal antibody to the nk 1.1 antigen of natural killer cells: effect on acute murine cytomegalovirus infection. | monoclonal antibody to the nk 1.1 antigen, found on the natural killer cells of a number of strains of mice, specifically suppresses nk cell function when given in vivo. using this monoclonal antibody, we have examined the effects of specific suppression of natural killer (nk) cells in vivo on acute murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection in c57bl/10scn mice. administration of antibody to nk 1.1 substantially lowered the resistance of c57bl/10scn mice to lethal virus challenge. in addition, anti ... | 1990 | 2154543 |
| the ability of murine cytomegalovirus and class i major histocompatibility complex-disparate parental cells to induce alterations characteristic of severe graft-versus-host reactions. | the present studies were undertaken to examine the ability of a viral pathogen to enhance immune alterations associated with parent----f1 graft-versus-host reactions (gvhr) across defined donor/recipient mhc genetic disparities. murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was administered concurrently with a parental lymphoid inoculum into unirradiated f1 recipients in strain combinations limiting allogeneic differences to the entire mhc complex (class i/ii), the h-2k region (class i), or h-2ia (class ii) reg ... | 1989 | 2556816 |
| suppression of humoral antibody formation against sheep red blood cells by infections with hsv-2 and the influence of mouse cytomegalovirus. brief report. | hsv-2 infections suppress the antibody response to hsv-1 but do not impair the mouse cytomegalo virus (mcmv) antibody generating system. in contrast, the sheep red blood cell (srbc) igm response is impaired by preinfections with hsv-2 but not with hsv-1. from the time kinetics of this suppression it can be concluded that only a certain submechanism "spills over" to the srbc system. mcmv suppresses the antibody formation induced by hsv-1. | 1987 | 2825620 |
| cmv-1, a genetic locus that controls murine cytomegalovirus replication in the spleen. | the genetic basis of the control of acute splenic mcmv infection was studied after intraperitoneal inoculation of the virus. classical mendelian analyses using c57bl/6 (resistant) and balb/c (susceptible) parental strains disclosed an autosomal dominant non-h-2 gene that regulates splenic virus replication. the probable location of this gene, to which we have assigned the symbol cmv-1, is on chromosome 6 as defined by the strain distribution pattern of splenic mcmv replication in cxb recombinant ... | 1990 | 2159050 |
| pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection: identification of infected cells in the spleen during acute and latent infections. | spleen cells which replicate murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) during acute infection in vivo were identified by electron microscopy and combined immunocytochemical staining and in situ cytohybridization. most infected cells, as defined by in situ hybridization for viral rna with mcmv-specific probes, were shown to be positive for factor viii-related antigen and negative for ia, thy-1, and f4/80 antigens. electron microscopic ultrastructural observations indicated that the infected cells in the sple ... | 1988 | 2828694 |
| in vivo reactivation of latent murine cytomegalovirus in the eye by immunosuppressive treatment. | intravitreal inoculation of 10(3) pfu of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) to 3-week-old balb/c mice resulted in virus isolation from eye homogenates for 2 weeks and from co-cultured specimens of the same eye up to 5 weeks after inoculation, indicating that mcmv in the eye became latent 2 weeks after the virus inoculation. immunosuppressive treatment with daily intramuscular injections of cyclosporine (40 micrograms/g) and cortisone acetate (125 micrograms/g) 9 weeks after intravitreal mcmv inoculat ... | 1990 | 2159448 |
| transmission of cytomegalovirus infection in mice by skin graft. | transmission of infectious disease, including virus, by allogeneic tissue transplants is a major clinical concern. the present study provided evidence for the transfer of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) by syngeneic and allogeneic skin grafts transplanted immediately after harvest from acutely infected donor mice. transfer of mcmv also occurred following skin grafting with cryopreserved syngeneic skin. recipients of infected skin were first positive for mcmv between 9 and 15 days post transplant, ... | 1988 | 2831371 |
| enhancement of interleukin-1 activity by murine cytomegalovirus infection of a macrophage cell line. | the effect of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection on interleukin 1 (il-1) secretion was assessed using the macrophage cell lines p388d1 and j774a.1. the former proved to be nonpermissive for mcmv in that infectious virus and viral immediate early protein (pp89) were not expressed in these cells. mcmv infection of the p388d1 cells had no effect on release of biologically active il-1. in contrast, j774a.1 cells, which were semipermissive for virus replication and pp89 expression, secreted enha ... | 1990 | 2171190 |
| natural killer (nk) cell response to virus infections in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. the stimulation of nk cells and the nk cell-dependent control of virus infections occur independently of t and b cell function. | the activation, proliferation, and antiviral properties of natural killer (nk) cells were examined in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice to determine the influence of mature t or b cells on virus-induced nk cell functions and to more conclusively determine the antiviral properties of prototypical cd3- nk cells. nk cells were activated to high levels of cytotoxicity 3 d after infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) or murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). analyses of s ... | 1991 | 1850779 |
| replication of murine cytomegalovirus in mast cells. | mast cells purified from the peritoneal cell population and mast cells derived in culture from bone marrow cells were examined for their sensitivity to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection in vitro. while up to 70% of mast cells expressed viral antigens, less than 12% of the cells produced infectious virus. transmission electron microscopy demonstrated nucleocapsids in the nuclei and in association with the cisternal elements of the golgi apparatus. some complete virions were found within sma ... | 1990 | 2175592 |
| immunotoxic effects of hexachlorobenzene on the pathogenesis of systemic, pneumonic and hepatic virus infections in the mouse. | a quantitative histopathological method has been developed for the evaluation of the effects of hexachlorobenzene (hcb) on the pathogenesis of three virus infections in the mouse. hexachlorobenzene was selected because a substantial amount of immunotoxicological data already exists with which we could compare our results. to establish the validity of the method a systemic virus infection (mouse cytomegalovirus, mcmv), a pneumonia causing virus (pneumonia virus of mice, pvm) and a hepatitis virus ... | 1990 | 2176797 |
| inability of interferon to protect virus-infected cells against lysis by natural killer (nk) cells correlates with nk cell-mediated antiviral effects in vivo. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is a natural killer (nk) cell-sensitive virus, whereas lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) is an nk cell-resistant virus. selective depletion of nk cell activity by injection of mice with anti-asialo gm1 antibody enhanced synthesis of mcmv but not that of lcmv when mice were simultaneously infected with the two viruses. this suggests that the nk cell-mediated antiviral effects may depend on target cell susceptibility to nk cell-mediated lysis rather than the a ... | 1985 | 2413125 |
| multiple autoantibodies following cytomegalovirus infection: virus distribution and specificity of autoantibodies. | multiple autoantibodies were found in the sera of balb/c, c57bl/10 and c3h mice following mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. the complex pattern of intra-organ, intratissue and intracellular reactivity observed by immunoperoxidase histochemistry suggested that many autoantibodies of varying specificities were elicited. this evidence from immunoperoxidase histochemistry was confirmed by immunoblot, where autoantibodies binding to polypeptides of a variety of sizes and tissues of origin were ... | 1988 | 2842252 |
| use of temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus as vaccines. | three temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) were compared with parent virus for their ability to produce acute infection, to stimulate protection against a lethal challenge with salivary gland mcmv, and to become latent and then be reactivated. during the acute phase of infection, ts mutant virus demonstrated very limited replication. during the later phase of infection (seven to 14 days after challenge), titers of virus in the pancreas and salivary glands in mice in ... | 1988 | 2842407 |
| a nonstructural polypeptide encoded by immediate-early transcription unit 1 of murine cytomegalovirus is recognized by cytolytic t lymphocytes. | we have constructed target cells by cotransfection of the mhc gene ld and fragments of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) dna coding for nonstructural immediate-early (ie) proteins. transfectants were tested by using ctl clone ie1 with specificity for an ie epitope presented in association with ld. data show that clone ie1 recognizes a product of the ie1 transcription unit of mcmv, and that its specificity is shared by approximately 25% of polyclonal ie-specific ctl. the results provide the first def ... | 1987 | 2439637 |
| insertional mutagenesis of the murine cytomegalovirus genome: one prominent alpha gene (ie2) is dispensable for growth. | we have utilized insertional mutagenesis to investigate the functional importance of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) immediate early (ie or alpha) region 2 (ie2) in replication. we constructed a recombinant virus, rm408, that carries the escherichia coli lacz gene under transcriptional control of the mcmv alpha promoter/enhancer inserted within the ie2 transcription unit. rm408 carries the first defined genetic mutation in a specific cmv gene. after infection of nih3t3 cells, rm408 expressed beta- ... | 1988 | 2849236 |
| murine anti-cytomegalovirus monoclonal antibodies with autoreactivity. | certain murine monoclonal antibodies (mab) raised against structural proteins of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) display distinct patterns of multiple organ-autoreactivity in addition to their viral specificities. we analysed the autoreactivity of five such mab by immunoperoxidase histochemistry, western immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). four mab recognized cellular autoantigens in the salivary gland, lung, heart, liver, kidney, ileum, striated muscle and brain, as detected ... | 1991 | 1851134 |
| virus-associated immune responses in mice undergoing gvhr exacerbated by concurrent mcmv infection. | it has been proposed that virus-induced immune responses early postinjection of donor cells can result in the exacerbation of gvh reactions. previously, we and others have shown that introduction of mcmv together with class i-disparate donor cells results in the development of severe gvh reactions. the present studies were performed to examine the nature of the immune responses induced by concurrent mcmv infection early during gvhr. within 3 days and continuing through day 10 postinjection, sple ... | 1990 | 2175056 |
| latency of mouse cytomegalovirus in sciatic nerve. | this report describes a mammalian model for exploring the role of virus in peripheral neuropathy. schwann cells in culture were permissive for mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) replication. intraperitoneal inoculation rarely led to sciatic nerve infection. sciatic nerves infected by direct intraneural injection produced infectious virus and contained viral antigen at 4 days postinfection (pi). nerves taken later, at 4 to 8 weeks pi, contained no infectious virus, but mcmv was present in a latent stat ... | 1987 | 2823183 |
| relationship between the production of murine cytomegalovirus and interferon in macrophages. | macrophages (m phi) harvested from the peritoneal cavities of mice after thioglycollate stimulation could be infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), although the efficiency of infection was low. sequential measurements of interferon (ifn) production by virus-infected m phi were performed in an attempt to explain the characteristics of mcmv infection in the cell cultures. infected m phi produced moderate amounts of ifn, which was completely neutralized by anti-ifn-alpha/beta serum. the ifn w ... | 1988 | 2462012 |
| susceptibility of w/wv mice to murine cytomegalovirus infection. | the susceptibility of congenitally anemic w/wv mice to infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was examined. w/wv mice showed a higher mortality rate and shorter survival time after mcmv infection than did their +/+ littermate mice. in addition, w/wv mice showed a lower plaque-forming unit (pfu) per 50% lethal dose (ld50) and produced higher titers of infectious virus in various organs. the mortality rate and survival time of w/wv mice which received a bone marrow graft 4 weeks before infec ... | 1988 | 2460069 |
| increased susceptibility to pentobarbital following mouse cytomegalovirus infection: relative roles of viral-induced interferon and viral infection of the liver. | the purpose of this study was to determine the relative roles of viral-induced interferon (ifn) and viral infection of the liver in mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-induced depression of cytochrome p-450 (cyt p-450) levels and enhancement of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time (pen-st). this was done by establishing the temporal relationship among the ifn response, viral infection of the liver, suppression of cyt p-450 levels, and enhancement of pen-st, by determining the effect of anti-ifn antibody ... | 1989 | 2483849 |
| effects of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene and cyclosporin a on murine cytomegalovirus infection: studies of resistance mechanisms. | susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was enhanced by treating b6c3f1 and cd-1 mice subcutaneously with 100 mg 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (dmba)/kg fractionated over a 2 week period prior to sub-lethal infection. virus-augmented natural killer cell (nkc) activity was depressed in b6c3f1 mice treated with 100 mg dmba/kg, while serum interferon (ifn) levels were unaffected. treatment with 50 mg dmba/kg had no effect on susceptibility to virus or virus-augmented nkc activity. suscept ... | 1988 | 2853140 |
| the inflammatory macrophage response to murine cytomegalovirus in genetically susceptible mice. | adherent suppressor cells have often been implicated in the depression of immunocompetence following cmv infections. we have reported that high levels of cytostatic macrophages in the peritoneal cavities of infected mice correlate with genetically-based sensitivity to cmv disease, suggesting they may modulate protective immune responses. this study investigates the properties and kinetics of such cells. genetically-susceptible balb/c mice infected with mcmv accumulated activated peritoneal macro ... | 1989 | 2548459 |