| identification of rhinoviruses by cdna probes. | we have used nucleic acid hybridization for the detection and grouping of human rhinoviruses (hrv) according to their genetic relationships. fifteen rhinovirus reference strains, seventy-one clinical isolates and four enteroviruses were propagated in cell cultures, spotted onto membrane filters and hybridized with radioactively labelled cdna probes covering different parts of the genomes of hrv-1b, hrv-2, hrv-14, hrv-85 and hrv-89. when the rhinovirus and enterovirus reference strains were teste ... | 1990 | 2155249 |
| inhibition of the uncoating of bovine enterovirus by short chain fatty acids. | short chain fatty acids inhibit the replication of bovine enterovirus but are almost ineffective against poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus b5, encephalomyocarditis virus and human rhinovirus 1b. lauric acid binds to bovine enterovirus, thereby stabilizing the virus particle to heat degradation. fatty acid-bound virions attach to susceptible cells but fail to undergo cell-mediated uncoating. the inhibitory effect is reversible with chloroform and may result from a hydrophobic interaction between ... | 1990 | 2172446 |
| the nucleotide sequence of human rhinovirus 1b: molecular relationships within the rhinovirus genus. | we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of human rhinovirus 1b and made comparisons with other rhinoviruses. extensive homology was found with serotypes 2 and 89 but the similarity to serotype 14 was considerably less. rhinovirus-specific characteristics have been noted, in particular the length of the 5' non-coding region and the pattern of codon usage, and these may be sufficient to define the rhinoviruses as a distinct genus rather than being considered as members of the enterovir ... | 1988 | 2826669 |
| effect of isoflavans and isoflavenes on rhinovirus 1b and its replication in hela cells. | the effect of newly synthesized halogenated isoflavans and isoflavenes on human rhinovirus 1b (hrv 1b) infection of hela cells has been examined. both series of drugs inhibited virus plaque formation in cell cultures, isoflavans being more effective than isoflavenes. cells pretreated with compounds before challenge with hrv 1b became resistant to the virus-induced cytopathic effect. the antiviral state induced by the most active compounds persisted for at least 10 h and did not appear to be medi ... | 1988 | 2852916 |
| lack of close relationship between three strains of human rhinoviruses as determined by their rna sequences. | the possible genomic homologies between three serotypes of human rhinoviruses (hrv 1a, hrv 2, and hrv 14) were investigated. first we confirmed that these viruses were unrelated by the criterion of the absence of common antigenic determinants on the surfaces of the native virions, as detected by cross-neutralization of complementfixation. rna-rna hybridization was then examined with purified, highly radioactive, double-stranded, replicative-form rna and excess single-stranded virion rna. single- ... | 1973 | 4126194 |
| a high capacity microbial screen for inhibitors of human rhinovirus protease 3c. | we have developed a high capacity screen for compounds that inhibit the 3c protease of human rhinovirus-1b. the assay uses a recombinant strain of escherichia coli expressing both the protease and a tetracycline resistance-conferring protein modified to contain the minimal protease cleavage site. cultures growing in microtiter plates containing tetracycline are treated with potential inhibitors and simultaneously monitored for change in growth over time using an oxygen probe. most of the culture ... | 1994 | 7765405 |
| synthesis and activity of piperazine-containing antirhinoviral agents and crystal structure of sdz 880-061 bound to human rhinovirus 14. | a series of antipicornaviral agents containing piperazinyl moieties was synthesized with the objective of obtaining a compound with a broad spectrum of antirhinovirus activity, high potency (< or = 0.003 microgram/ml), and low cytotoxicity (> or = 30 micrograms/ml). five compounds of this series were evaluated in detail for efficacy against various hrv serotypes. the agent sdz 880-061, containing the benzothiazine moiety sdz 108-075, which is particularly active against hrv14, and the thiazolyl ... | 1996 | 8648640 |
| inhibition of 3c protease from human rhinovirus strain 1b by peptidyl bromomethylketonehydrazides. | the gene coding for the 3c protease from human rhinovirus strain 1b was efficiently expressed in an escherichia coli strain which also overexpressed the rare argu trna. the protease was isolated from inclusion bodies, refolded, and exhibited a kcat/km = 3280 m-1 s-1 using an internally quenched peptidyl fluorogenic substrate. this continuous fluorogenic assay was used to measure the kinetics of 3c protease inhibition by several conventional peptidyl chloromethylketones as well as a novel series ... | 1999 | 9989947 |
| synthesis and anti-rhinovirus activity of 2-styrylchromones. | 2-styrylchromones were synthesized as vinylogues of 2-phenylchromones (flavones), a broad class of anti-rhinovirus compounds. the antiviral activity of 2-styrylchromones and 3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadien-1-ones, which are intermediates in the synthesis, was evaluated against two selected serotypes of human rhinovirus, 1b and 14, by a plaque reduction assay in hela cell cultures. all of the compounds interfered with hrv 1b replication, with the exception of 3-hydroxy-1-(2-h ... | 2000 | 11227995 |
| mouse respiratory epithelial cells support efficient replication of human rhinovirus. | human rhinoviruses (hrv) are responsible for the majority of virus infections of the upper respiratory tract. furthermore, hrv infection is associated with acute exacerbation of asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases of the lower respiratory tract. a small animal model of hrv-induced disease is required for the development of new therapies. however, existing mouse models of hrv infection are difficult to work with and until recently mouse cell lines were thought to be generally non-permis ... | 2003 | 13679617 |
| numa and nuclear lamins are cleaved during viral infection--inhibition of caspase activity prevents cleavage and rescues hela cells from measles virus-induced but not from rhinovirus 1b-induced cell death. | nuclear matrix is a structural framework of important nuclear processes. we studied the effect of two different types of viral infections on nuclear matrix. hela cells were infected with human rhinovirus 1b (hrv 1b) or measles virus (mv), and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (numa) and lamins a/c and b were used as markers for internal nuclear matrix and peripheral nuclear lamina, respectively. we show that numa, lamins, and poly(adp-ribose) polymerase-1 are cleaved during viral infection in a ... | 2004 | 15003865 |
| human rhinovirus 1b exposure induces phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent airway inflammation in mice. | infection with rhinovirus (rv) triggers exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. | 2008 | 18276942 |
| rhinovirus infection and house dust mite exposure synergize in inducing bronchial epithelial cell interleukin-8 release. | human rhinoviruses (hrvs) and house dust mites (hdms) are among the most common environmental factors able to induce airway inflammation in asthma. although epidemiological studies suggest that they also synergize in inducing asthma exacerbations, there is no experimental evidence to support this, nor any information on the possible mechanisms involved. | 2008 | 18647315 |
| anti-human rhinovirus activity of raoulic acid from raoulia australis. | human rhinoviruses (hrvs), members of the picornaviridae family, are composed of over 100 different virus serotypes. until now there is no recorded clinically effective antiviral chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of diseases caused by hrvs. our previous study of raoulic acid tested against serotype human rhinoviruses showed anti-hrv2 (species a) and -3 (species b) activities. in this study, raoulic acid was found to possess broad-spectrum antiviral activity against six hrvs with a 50% inhibit ... | 2010 | 20412019 |
| inhibitory effects of orobol 7-o-d-glucoside from banaba (lagerstroemia speciosa l.) on human rhinoviruses replication. | the anti-human rhinovirus (hrv) activity of orobol 7-o-d-glucoside (o7g) from lagerstroemia speciosa l. (lythraceae) was evaluated in hela cells. | 2010 | 20497313 |
| haemophilus influenzae increases the susceptibility and inflammatory response of airway epithelial cells to viral infections. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a common colonizer of lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), can enhance expression of the cellular receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1), which in turn can be used by major group human rhinoviruses (hrvs) for attachment. here, we evaluated the effect of nthi-induced up-regulation of icam-1 on viral replication and inflammatory responses toward different respiratory viruses. therefore, human bronchial epitheli ... | 2015 | 25411435 |
| impaired airway epithelial cell responses from children with asthma to rhinoviral infection. | the airway epithelium forms an effective immune and physical barrier that is essential for protecting the lung from potentially harmful inhaled stimuli including viruses. human rhinovirus (hrv) infection is a known trigger of asthma exacerbations, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood. | 2016 | 27238549 |
| muc18 regulates lung rhinovirus infection and inflammation. | muc18 is upregulated in the lungs of asthma and copd patients. it has been shown to have pro-inflammatory functions in cultured human airway epithelial cells during viral infections and in mice during lung bacterial infections. however, the in vivo role of muc18 in the context of viral infections remains poorly understood. the goal of this study is to define the in vivo function of muc18 during respiratory rhinovirus infection. | 2016 | 27701461 |
| gene knockdown in human rhinovirus 1b using 2'-ome-modified sirnas results in the reactivation of the interferon response. | the aim of this study was to investigate the knockdown efficiency of 2'-o-methylated (2'-ome)-modified small interfering rnas (sirnas) on human rhinovirus 1b (hrv1b) replication and the interferon response. thus, 24 2'-ome-modified sirnas were designed to target hrv1b. the rna levels of hrv1b, toll-like receptor 3, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, retinoic acid inducible gene-i, and interferons were determined in hrv1b-infected hela and beas-2b epithelial cells transfected with 2'-ome ... | 2016 | 27003171 |
| early life rhinovirus infection exacerbates house-dust-mite induced lung disease more severely in female mice. | recent studies have employed animal models to investigate links between rhinovirus infection and allergic airways disease, however, most do not involve early life infection, and none consider the effects of sex on responses. | 2016 | 26789411 |
| productive infection of human embryonic stem cell-derived nkx2.1+ respiratory progenitors with human rhinovirus. | airway epithelial cells generated from pluripotent stem cells (pscs) represent a resource for research into a variety of human respiratory conditions, including those resulting from infection with common human pathogens. using an nkx2.1-gfp reporter human embryonic stem cell line, we developed a serum-free protocol for the generation of nkx2.1(+) endoderm that, when transplanted into immunodeficient mice, matured into respiratory cell types identified by expression of cc10, muc5ac, and surfactan ... | 2015 | 25873746 |
| identification of host mirnas that may limit human rhinovirus replication. | to test whether the replication of human rhinovirus (hrv) is regulated by micrornas in human bronchial epithelial cells. | 2014 | 25426267 |
| efficacy of ifn-λ1 to protect human airway epithelial cells against human rhinovirus 1b infection. | impaired interferon (ifn) production has been observed in various obstructive respiratory diseases. this contributes to enhanced sensitivity towards viral infections triggering acute exacerbations. to compensate for this impaired host ifn response, there is need to explore new therapeutic strategies, like exogenous administration of ifns as prophylactic treatment. in the present study, we examined the protective potential of ifn-λ1 and compared it with the previously established protecting effec ... | 2014 | 24751942 |
| rhinovirus exacerbates house-dust-mite induced lung disease in adult mice. | human rhinovirus is a key viral trigger for asthma exacerbations. to date, murine studies investigating rhinovirus-induced exacerbation of allergic airways disease have employed systemic sensitisation/intranasal challenge with ovalbumin. in this study, we combined human-rhinovirus infection with a clinically relevant mouse model of aero-allergen exposure using house-dust-mite in an attempt to more accurately understand the links between human-rhinovirus infection and exacerbations of asthma. adu ... | 2014 | 24632596 |
| development of a mouse model mimicking key aspects of a viral asthma exacerbation. | viral respiratory tract infections are known triggers of asthma exacerbations in both adults and children. the current standard of care, inhaled cs (corticosteroids) and labas (long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists), fails to prevent the loss of control that manifests as an exacerbation. in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying viral asthma exacerbations we established an in vivo model using the clinically relevant aeroallergen hdm (house dust mite) and the viral mimetic/tlr3 (toll ... | 2014 | 24152048 |
| no exacerbation but impaired anti-viral mechanisms in a rhinovirus-chronic allergic asthma mouse model. | severe asthma and viral-induced asthma exacerbations represent a high unmet medical need as no therapy is currently available for these patients. hrv (human rhinovirus) is prominently associated with asthma exacerbations in humans. the aim of the present study was to establish a mouse model of severe asthma with additional rhinovirus infection to investigate the interplay between chronic allergic airway inflammation and acute respiratory viral infection. balb/c mice were sensitized with hdm (hou ... | 2014 | 23822145 |