| sikhote-alin virus, a new member of the cardiovirus group (picornaviridae) isolated from ixodes persulcatus ticks in primorie region. | a virus, designated sikhote-alin, was isolated in 1970 from ixodes persulcatus ticks collected from a wild boar in the primorie region (u.s.s.r.) sikhote-alin virus showed no haemagglutinating activity and no antigenic relationships with arboviruses of 12 antigenic groups, 17 ungrouped tick-borne arboviruses, porcine enteroviruses and coxsackie a (types 1-18) viruses. an one-way antigenic relationship was demonstrated by complement fixation with cardioviruses (mengo and columbia-sk strains). the ... | 1978 | 35943 |
| antiviral effect of 3-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-acetophenone-[4,5-diphenyl-oxyazolyl-(2)]hydrazone (imet 98/69) in mice. | the potential in vivo antiviral activity of 3-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-acetophenone-[4,5-diphenyl-oxazolyl-(2)]-hydrazone (imet 98/69) was evaluated on model infections in mice. animals treated subcutaneously (s.c.) with 1 mmole of the drug per kg body weight once daily for five days were significantly protected against a lethal infection with cardioviruses, semliki forest virus and vaccinia virus. in influenza a and b virus models no antiviral activity was observed either after s.c. or oral ... | 1979 | 44666 |
| the importance of picornavirus infections in respiratory disease of man and other mammals. | picornaviruses may be divided, by physicochemical properties, into enteroviruses, cardioviruses, caliciviruses, rhinoviruses and foot-and-mouth diseases viruses. although the respiratory tract may be the primary site of entry and multiplication for enteroviruses, cardioviruses and fmd viruses, few agents in these groups cause respiratory disease. a notable exception is coxsackievirus a21 which is an important cause of upper respiratory tract diseases in military recruits. the picornaviruses whic ... | 1975 | 165133 |
| the size and location of the poly(a) tract in emc virus rna. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna, selected by its affinity for oligo(dt)-cellulose, contains poly(a) of size : (i) about 14 nucleotide residues long, based on the percentage of radioactivity in the rna resistant to digestion by a mixture of pancreatic and t1 rnases; (ii) about 15 residues long, as measured by the ratio of the amount of terminal adenosine to internal adenylic acid in isolated poly(a); and (iii) in the range 12 to 45 residues, the majority of tracts being about 16 to 18 residu ... | 1977 | 190347 |
| sequence and location of the poly c tract in aphtho- and cardiovirus rna. | the poly c tract in the rna of the aphtho- and cardio viruses has been examined in several isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. the length of the tract is variable, containing 100 to 170 bases in the fmdv isolates and 80 to 250 bases in the emc virus isolates. each poly c tract contains c. 10% a and u residues, located at the 5' end, i.e. most of the tract is a continuous run of c residues. the position of the tract on the genome was the same in e ... | 1979 | 223128 |
| sequence and structural elements that contribute to efficient encephalomyocarditis virus rna translation. | the nucleotide sequence of the 5' nontranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-rueckert) was determined, and a consensus rna structural model for this sequence (850 bases) and three other poly(c)-containing cardioviruses (mengovirus, emcv-b, and emcv-d) was created through reiterative use of a minimum-free-energy folding algorithm. the rna elements within this region which contribute to translation of emcv proteins were mapped in cell-free reactions programmed with cdna-derived rna t ... | 1992 | 1310768 |
| proteolytic processing of the cardioviral p2 region: primary 2a/2b cleavage in clone-derived precursors. | the primary 2a/2b cleavage within cardiovirus polyprotein was examined by construction of cdna plasmids which linked fragments from the p2 region of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and mengovirus genomes to the emcv 5' nontranslated region. when rna transcripts from these clones were tested in reticulocyte extracts, the synthesized proteins were cotranslationally processed at the 2a/2b site. no viral segments outside of the p2 region were required for this activity. engineered deletions which ... | 1992 | 1325705 |
| intermolecular cleavage of hepatitis a virus (hav) precursor protein p1-p2 by recombinant hav proteinase 3c. | active proteinase 3c of hepatitis a virus (hav) was expressed in bacteria either as a mature enzyme or as a protein fused to the entire polymerase 3d or to a part of it, and their identities were shown by immunoblot analysis. intermolecular cleavage activity was demonstrated by incubating in vitro-translated and radiolabeled hav precursor protein p1-p2 with extracts of bacteria transformed with plasmids containing recombinant hav 3c. identification of cleavage products p1, vp1, and vpo-vp3 by im ... | 1992 | 1328690 |
| a distinct picornavirus group identified by sequence analysis. | although echovirus 22 is presently classified as a member of the enterovirus group in the family of picornaviruses, it has been reported to have exceptional biological properties when compared with other representatives of the group. we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the echovirus 22 (harris strain) genome, which appears to be significantly different from all the other studied picornaviruses. however, the organization of the genome [7339 nucleotides, excluding the poly(a) tr ... | 1992 | 1528901 |
| genetic variability within the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna. implications for secondary structure and function. | the rna genome of hepatitis a virus (hav) contains a lengthy and relatively well conserved 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr). in other picornaviruses, the 5'ntr has been shown to have important functions related to the initiation of viral translation and replication of viral rna, functions which are critically dependent on both primary and secondary rna structure. we have utilized a phylogenetic approach to construct a model of the secondary structure of the hav 5'ntr. by comparing the nucleotide ... | 1991 | 1668324 |
| evidence for a group-specific enteroviral antigen(s) recognized by human t cells. | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 normal, healthy adult volunteers proliferated in vitro against a panel of enteroviral antigens, including coxsackievirus b3, coxsackievirus b2, coxsackievirus b6, coxsackievirus a16, and poliovirus 1. no proliferation against the cardiovirus encephalomyocarditis virus occurred. lymphocytes obtained from cord blood drawn from seven neonates were uniformly nonresponsive to enteroviral antigens. although serum neutralization antibody titers indicated ... | 1990 | 1975596 |
| cap-binding complex protein p220 is not cleaved during echovirus 22 replication in hela cells. | previously we demonstrated that echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus which does not shut off host cell protein synthesis. we extend these findings by showing that echovirus 22 does not cleave p220, part of the cellular cap-binding complex necessary for cap-dependent translation, suggesting a biology more consistent with cardioviruses than enteroviruses. | 1991 | 2041099 |
| attenuation of mengo virus through genetic engineering of the 5' noncoding poly(c) tract. | the murine cardioviruses, such as the mengo and encephalomyocarditis viruses, and the bovine aphthoviruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus, are distinguished among positive-strand rna viruses by the presence of long homopolymeric poly(c) tracts within their 5' noncoding sequences. although the specific lengths (60-350 bases) and sequence discontinuities (for example, uridine residues) that sometimes disrupt the homopolymer have served to characterize natural viral isolates, the biological ... | 1990 | 2153940 |
| theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus--characterization of newly isolated viruses from japanese mouse colonies. | the hemagglutinating-inhibition (hi) test was used to detect antibodies for theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), and the virus was isolated from sero-positive mice derived from colonies in japan. hi antibody was detected in conventional mice (38.7%; 137/354) at titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:512, but it not in spf mice (0/90). to isolate the virus, weanling mice inoculated intracerebrally with samples obtained from sero-positive mice were sacrificed and 10% brain homogenates were subcu ... | 1990 | 2242766 |
| a theoretical study of the acidification of the rhinovirus capsid. | electrostatic calculations for human rhinovirus 14 indicate that histidine-base residue pairs in the region of a beta-strand interaction between pentamers may be involved in a ph-induced process that leads to the release of viral rna. other picornavirus sequences are examined for these residue pairs, a subset of which is present in enteroviruses. foot and mouth disease virus possesses one of the residue pairs, and cardioviruses, which undergo a separate ph and halide ion-induced capsid dissociat ... | 1989 | 2555222 |
| relationship of p220 cleavage during picornavirus infection to 2a proteinase sequencing. | infection of hela cells by poliovirus results in an abrupt inhibition of host cell protein synthesis. it is thought that the mechanism of this inhibition involves proteolytic cleavage of the p220 component of the cap-binding protein complex, thereby causing functional inactivation of the cap-binding protein complex and preventing capped (cellular) mrnas from binding ribosomes. current data suggest that the viral proteinase 2a indirectly induces p220 cleavage via alteration or activation of a sec ... | 1988 | 2845133 |
| aetiological association of a virus-like particle with enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. | virus-like particles, approximately 27 nm in diameter, were identified in faeces from an indian patient with enterically transmitted non-a, non-b (enanb) hepatitis. they were serologically distinct from hepatitis a virus (hav). nucleic acid extracted from the particles did not hybridize with cdna probes representing the genomes of hav, enteroviruses, and cardioviruses. chimpanzees were experimentally inoculated with faecal suspensions containing this 27 nm particle or with faeces from another ca ... | 1988 | 2894491 |
| a comparative study on the translation of cardiovirus rnas in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. | in rabbit reticulocyte lysates the rnas of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus, mengovirus, and mous-elberfeld (me) virus directed the synthesis of similar sets of products. moreover, the viral protease synthesized from any one of the three viral rnas could cause cleavage of the viral capsid precursor proteins synthesized from any of the three rnas. however, the three rnas differed in their dependence on trna supplementation (to the lysates) for effective translation. in the absence of trna supplem ... | 1985 | 2998057 |
| theiler's virus genome is closely related to that of encephalomyocarditis virus, the prototype cardiovirus. | theiler's virus causes a persistent demyelinating infection of the mouse central nervous system. our study of the molecular mechanism of persistence led us to sequence 1925 nucleotides located at the 3' end of the viral genome. we observed extensive homologies between this region and the corresponding region of encephalomyocarditis virus, the prototype cardiovirus, and only some homologies with the 3' ends of foot-and-mouth disease virus, rhinovirus, and poliovirus genomes. | 1986 | 3023668 |
| relationship of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses to the cardiovirus genus of picornaviruses. | sequence analysis of vp1 in the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) showed that 13 of the first 23 n-terminal amino acids were identical to those in the corresponding protein of encephalomyocarditis virus. there was little similarity to the corresponding vp1 sequences of poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3, coxsackievirus b3, human rhinoviruses 2 and 14, human hepatitis a virus or foot-and-mouth disease virus. these results, as well as serological relationships detected by imm ... | 1986 | 3034822 |
| in vitro translation of cardiovirus ribonucleic acid by mammalian cell-free extracts. | cell-free extracts prepared from ehrlich ascites and mouse l cells synthesize viral proteins in response to encephalomyocarditis virus, mouse elberfeld virus, and mengovirus ribonucleic acid. although hela cell extracts are inactive, their ribosomes are functional in the presence of heterologous supernatant fractions. synthesis depends upon the addition of adenosine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, an energy-generating system, and 4 mm mg(2+). initiation is completed during the first 10 to ... | 1972 | 4336562 |
| picornaviral gene order: comparison of a rhinovirus with a cardiovirus. | we describe conditions for unmasking virus-specific protein synthesis in cells infected with rhinoviruses 1a and 2. the gene order and cleavage pattern of rhinovirus 1a show many similarities to those of encephalomyocarditis virus and of poliovirus. | 1973 | 4347432 |
| infection of mouse fibroblasts by cardioviruses: premature uncoating and its prevention by elevated ph and magnesium chloride. | | 1971 | 5543268 |
| [isolation of the virus of syr-darya valley fever]. | in the course of studies on the ecological structure of acute febrile diseases in the season of activity of blood-sucking arthropods strains of a virus antigenically related to sikhote-alyñ virus were isolated from the blood of a patient and from ixodid ticks. this paper presents the results of the study on the causative agent and the clinical picture of the disease caused by this virus. the virus was found to be a new one for science; its appurtenance to the family picornaviridae, genus cardiov ... | 1984 | 6097042 |
| [on the biological action of transition metal complexes. 3. about the antiviral activity of cis-dichloro diammine platinum (ii) (author's transl)]. | the coordination compound cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(ii) (cis-ddp) was shown by rosenberg et al. (17) to exhibit antitumour activity. several authors have indicated limited virustatic properties of cis-ddp against bacterial, oncogenic, avipox and paramyxo viruses. in our investigations, cis-ddp significantly showed an antiviral action in vitro against enveloped dna and rna viruses, such as vaccinia, pseudorabies, herpes simplex type 1, newcastle disease, influenza a/fowl plague, influenza a/vi ... | 1981 | 6277096 |
| [on the biological action of transition metal complexes. 4. the antiviral activity of metallocene dichlorides of titanium and molybdenum (author's transl)]. | in view of the fact that bis cyclopentadienyl metal dihalides are known to be anti-tumour drugs, we have investigated the antiviral activity of this type of coordination compounds. bis cyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride (a) has shown significant antiviral efficiency in vitro against representatives of a nuber of enveloped dna and rna viruses. inhibition of orthopoxvirus (vaccinia), herpes virus (pseudorabies), orthomyxoviruses (influenza a/fowl plague [fpv], influenza a/victoria 3/75, influenz ... | 1981 | 6277097 |
| neuraminidase-sensitive erythrocyte receptor for enterovirus type 70. | enterovirus type 70 (ev70) agglutinated human 'o' erythrocytes at 4 degrees c as well as 22 degrees c, but visible agglutination was lost when warmed at 37 degrees c although the virus remained attached to the surface of the erythrocyte. the receptor sites for the virus were neuraminidase-sensitive. a direct involvement of sialic acid on the cell surface in virus-cell interaction was confirmed by the fact that the presence of fetuin or free n-acetylneuraminic acid inhibited the haemagglutinating ... | 1982 | 6294226 |
| the in vivo antiviral activity of interleukin-12 is mediated by gamma interferon. | the injection of 20 ng of mouse interleukin-12 (il-12) protects mice from a lethal infection with encephalomyocarditis virus. in vitro, an anti-gamma interferon (anti-ifn-gamma) monoclonal antibody but not an anti-il-12 monoclonal antibody neutralizes the antiviral activity present in the supernatants of splenocytes stimulated with il-12. finally, il-12 fails to protect 129 sv/ev ifn-gamma r0/0 mice against encephalomyocarditis virus infection. these results demonstrate that il-12 exerts its ant ... | 1995 | 7494339 |
| molecular identification of cardioviruses by enzymatic amplification. | cardiovirus specific sequences located in the 5' ntr are used to amplify viral rna by pcr. general primers were selected for the amplification of cardioviruses, including encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), mengovirus and theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev. additionally, echo virus type 22, an atypical enterovirus, could also be detected with the general cardiovirus primers. an internal encephalomyocarditis virus specific probe and a general cardiovirus probe are used to discriminate ... | 1993 | 7511789 |
| encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection in the common vole, microtus arvalis. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection in the common vole was examined for the first time. sixteen 8-week-old males inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu)/animal of the d variant of emc virus were killed 3 and 7 days after inoculation (3 and 7 dai). viral replication was detected in the brain (10(5) pfu/g), heart (10(4) pfu/g) and pancreas (10(7) pfu/g) of all 8 animals at 3dai. it was found in the pancreas (10(3) pfu/g) of all 8 animals and in the brain (10(4) pf ... | 1995 | 7603005 |
| mechanism of antiviral action of quercetin against cardiovirus infection in mice. | oral treatment with quercetin protected abd2f1/jena mice significantly against intraperitoneal encephalomyocarditis, col, sk, mm, mengo m,l and mengom virus infections, but not against intracerebral challenge with mengom virus. enhanced resistance to mengom virus were induced in the genetically different dba 2/jena, c57bl/jena, c57bl/lati and abc2f1/jena mice, c57bl6/jena nu/nu mice were also protected, indicating that the thymus was non-essential to the protective effects of quercetin. in ab/je ... | 1981 | 6176184 |
| conservation of the secondary structure elements of the 5'-untranslated region of cardio- and aphthovirus rnas. | an analysis of published nucleotide sequences of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of 7 cardioviruses and 3 aphthoviruses has allowed us to derive a consensus secondary structure model that differs from that previously proposed for the 5'-utr of entero- and rhinoviruses, though all these viruses belong to the same family, picornaviridae. the theoretical model derived here was experimentally supported by investigating the accessibility of encephalomyocarditis virus rna to modifications with dim ... | 1989 | 2548167 |
| cytotoxic t cell response to mengo virus in mice: effector cell phenotype and target proteins. | the mengo virus specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response was investigated after intraperitoneal infection of mice with the attenuated mengo virus strain vmc24. a high level of ctl activity was detected in spleen cell cultures obtained from infected c3h/hej (h-2k) or c57bl/6 (h-2b) mice after a secondary in vitro stimulation with mengo virus-infected cells. the ctl activity, which was mhc class i-restricted, was shown to be mediated by cd8+ t cells. recombinant vaccinia viruses that express ... | 1995 | 7636480 |
| the leader polypeptide of theiler's virus is essential for neurovirulence but not for virus growth in bhk cells. | a leader polypeptide of unknown function is encoded by cardioviruses, such as theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. although the deletion of this polypeptide has little effect on the growth of parental gdvii virus in baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells, the mutant virus is completely attenuated and fails to kill mice receiving intracerebral inoculations of high doses of the virus. | 1995 | 7636999 |
| does physiological interferon play a role in mengo virus infection of mice? | nzb, balb/c and c3h mice, differing in their production of physiological interferon (ifn), were used as models to investigate its role in their resistance to mengo virus infection. these mouse strains also differ in their susceptibility to the infection. nzb and balb/c mice, producing higher titers of physiological ifn than c3h mice, proved to be less resistant to the infection than the latter mouse strain. this suggests that physiological ifn does not play protective role against mengo virus in ... | 1993 | 7692712 |
| theiler's virus as a vector for foreign gene delivery. | da strain and other strains of the to subgroup of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses are members of the cardiovirus genus of picornaviruses and produce a persistent demyelinating disease in mice. a recent study from our laboratory (w.-p. kong, g. d. ghadge, and r. p. roos, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 91:1796-1800, 1994) demonstrated that the leader, which is encoded at the n terminus of the theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus polyprotein, can be partially replaced by foreign sequence ... | 1995 | 7707546 |
| [changes in the myocardium in encephalomyocarditis of pigs]. | the myocardial lesions of pigs (age from 2.5 to 3.5 month) with encephalomyocarditis virus infection are presented. the disease is caused by members of the genus cardiovirus (family picornaviridae). in greece it was first observed 1987 in two stables of pig-breeders with a mortality of 80%. the macroscopic changes are characterized by a myocardial degeneration with greyish pale linear or round foci and by an accumulation of a clear red to yellow fluid in the pericardium and the pleural cavity. t ... | 1989 | 2547556 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus lb proteinase can stimulate rhinovirus and enterovirus ires-driven translation and cleave several proteins of cellular and viral origin. | rhinovirus and enterovirus 2a proteinases stimulate translation initiation driven from the cognate internal ribosome entry segment (ires) (s. j. hambidge and p. sarnow, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89:10272-10276, 1992; h.-d. liebig, e. ziegler, r. yan, k. hartmuth, h. klump, h. kowalski, d. blaas, w. sommergruber, l. frasel, b. lamphear, r. rhoads, e. kuechler, and t. skern, biochemistry 32:7581-7588, 1993). given the functional similarities between the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) l prote ... | 1995 | 7745693 |
| evolutionary analysis of the picornavirus family. | an exhaustive evolutionary analysis of the picornavirus family has been carried out using the amino acid sequences of several proteins of the viruses including: the capsid proteins (1d, 1b, and 1c) situated at the 5' end of the genome and responsible for the serotype of the viruses, and the viral polymerase (3d), located at the 3' end of the genome. the evolutionary relationships found among the viruses studied support the new classification, recently suggested, in contrast to the classical one, ... | 1995 | 7769613 |
| early development of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced orchitis in syrian hamsters. | lesions associated with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus in the testes of syrian hamsters were investigated. histopathologic changes were first detectable by light microscopy at 3 days postinoculation (dpi). immunohistochemically, virus antigens were detected in the cytoplasm of germ cells and sertoli cells in some seminiferous tubules beginning at 2 dpi. the following ultrastructural changes were observed: 1) swelling of mitochondria and dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum in germ cells, 2) lar ... | 1995 | 7771059 |
| cloning and synthesis of infectious cardiovirus rnas containing short, discrete poly(c) tracts. | mengovirus rna transcripts with 5' noncoding poly(c) tracts of c8, c12, and c13uc10 have been synthesized in vitro from cdna clones and shown to be infectious to hela cells. a chimeric clone has also been constructed which links the 5' end from one mengovirus clone (299 nucleotides, containing c13uc10) to a 7,424-base fragment derived from the 3' end of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. progeny virus isolated after transfection with the clone-derived rnas had the same poly(c) tracts, mengovirus- ... | 1989 | 2538661 |
| morphogenesis of hepatitis a virus: isolation and characterization of subviral particles. | the morphogenesis of hepatitis a virus (hav) in bs-c-1 cells was examined by immunoblotting with antisera to capsid proteins and labeling of virus-specific proteins with l-[35s]methionine. antiserum to vp2 detected two virus-specific proteins with apparent molecular masses of 30.6 and 30 kda, representing vp0 and vp2, while antiserum to vp1 detected proteins with molecular masses of 33 and 40 kda, representing vp1 and a virus-specific protein which we designated px, respectively. sedimentation o ... | 1990 | 2170672 |
| echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus. | although echovirus 22 (ev22) is classified as an enterovirus in the family picornaviridae, it is atypical of the enterovirus paradigm, typified by the polioviruses and the coxsackie b viruses. cdna reverse transcribed from coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) rna does not hybridize to genomic rna of ev22, and conversely, cdna made to ev22 does not hybridize to cvb3 genomic rna or to molecular clones of cvb3 or poliovirus type 1. ev22 cdna does not hybridize to viral rna of encephalomyocarditis virus or to a ... | 1990 | 2159539 |
| cap-independent translation of picornavirus rnas: structure and function of the internal ribosomal entry site. | picornaviruses are mammalian plus-strand rna viruses whose genomes serve as mrna. a study of the structure and function of these viral mrnas has revealed differences among them in events leading to the initiation of protein synthesis. a large segment of the 5' nontranslated region, approximately 400 nucleotides in length, promotes 'internal' entry of ribosomes independent of the non-capped 5' end of the mrna. this segment, which we have called the internal ribosome entry site (ires), maps approx ... | 1990 | 1966843 |
| conservation of rna-protein interactions among picornaviruses. | picornavirus genomes encode unique 5' noncoding regions (5' ncrs) which are approximately 600 to 1,300 nucleotides in length, contain multiple upstream aug codons, and display the ability to form extensive secondary structures. a number of recent reports have shown that picornavirus 5' ncrs are able to facilitate cap-independent internal initiation of translation. this mechanism of translation occurs in the absence of viral gene products, suggesting that the host cell contains the necessary comp ... | 1992 | 1602550 |
| involvement of the irf-1 transcription factor in antiviral responses to interferons. | the mechanisms underlying interferon (ifn)-induced antiviral states are not well understood. interferon regulatory factor-1 (irf-1) is an ifn-inducible transcriptional activator, whereas irf-2 suppresses irf-1 action. the inhibition of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) replication by ifn-alpha and especially by ifn-gamma was impaired in cells from mice with a null mutation in the irf-1 gene (irf-1-/- mice). the irf-1-/- mice were less resistant than normal mice to emcv infection, as revealed by ... | 1994 | 8009222 |
| cap-independent translation by the 5' untranslated region of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | the rna genome of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses, a picornavirus belonging to the genus cardiovirus, is translated in infected cells to a polyprotein. unlike cellular messages, the 5' end of the rna is not capped, and the untranslated region (utr) is quite long (1,064 nucleotides in size). in poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus, the 5'utr is thought to mediate cap-independent translation. we report here experiments to determine the role of the theiler's murine encephalomyelitis ... | 1992 | 1404591 |
| myocardial beta-receptor and cardiac angiotensin alterations during the acute and chronic phases of viral myocarditis. | recovery from viral myocarditis is usually excellent and complete although it occasionally results in sudden death during its acute stage. while neurohormonal mechanisms play an important role in the adaptation to heart diseases, little is known about the alteration of the neurohormonal system in viral myocarditis. therefore, we examined the myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor and cardiac angiotensin i and ii concentrations in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by an encephalomyocarditi ... | 1994 | 8056011 |
| dissociable antiviral activities directed against cardioviruses are expressed in l cells treated with interferon. | interferon (ifn) restricts a wide variety of viruses. to do so it elicits many antiviral pathways. for example, subclones of the same cell line with a reduced antiviral spectrum are thought to lack one or more antiviral pathways. our line of l cells exhibits two distinct antiviral activities. the first delays the yield of both wild-type mengovirus (is+) and an ifn-sensitive mutant (is-1). the second specifically inhibits is-1 virus yields 100-fold. from these cells, a subclone was isolated which ... | 1992 | 1383407 |
| ultrastructural study of experimental myocarditis induced by cardiovirus (emcv-m) in swine. | eight 6-week-old piglets were inoculated with a strain of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) isolated from an outbreak which occurred naturally in the po valley in 1988. two non-infected animals, kept in the same cage, were used as controls. out of the eight inoculated piglets, two died and two were suppressed on the 2nd post infection day (pid), the four remaining were killed on the 5th, 7th, 11th and 15th pids. control animals were killed at the end of the experiment. the pathogenesis of myocar ... | 1992 | 1327499 |
| involvement of cardiovirus leader in host cell-restricted virus expression. | theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus designates a number of picornavirus strains that are classified into two subgroups on the basis of their different biological activities. da strain and other members of the to subgroup produce a chronic demyelinating disease in which the virus persists and manifests a restricted expression. mutagenesis studies of the da strain leader (l) coding region, which is located at the 5' end of the polyprotein coding region, demonstrate that l is completely dispensa ... | 1994 | 8127884 |
| inhibition of theiler's virus-mediated demyelination by peripheral immune tolerance induction. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), a member of the cardiovirus subfamily of the picornaviridae, is a natural pathogen of mice. thirty to 60 days following intracerebral infection with tmev, susceptible inbred mouse strains develop a chronic, progressive, t cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (cns) characterized by spastic hind limb paralysis and a lifelong persistent cns virus infection. we have examined the effect of peripheral virus-spec ... | 1995 | 7608570 |
| cloning and expression of the vp1 major capsid protein of diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus and prevention of emc virus-induced diabetes by immunization with the recombinant vp1 protein. | the development of diabetes in mice induced by encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus provides the best experimental evidence that viruses have an aetiological role in the pathogenesis of this disease. the major capsid protein (vp1) of emc virus is important for both the attachment of the virus to pancreatic beta cells and for the determination of antigenicity. this experiment was initiated to clone the gene for the major capsid protein, vp1, of the diabetogenic emc (emc-d) virus, express the vp1 prot ... | 1995 | 7595359 |
| polymyositis and dermatomyositis: no persistence of enterovirus or encephalomyocarditis virus rna in muscle. | a persistent infection of enteroviruses and cardioviruses has been implicated in polymyositis and dermatomyositis, but conventional hybridisation studies of the presence of enterovirus rna and encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna in affected muscle have yielded conflicting results. to investigate further the possibility of viral persistence, the presence of viral rna in muscle from patients with adult onset polymyositis and dermatomyositis was investigated using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 1993 | 8215618 |
| experimental encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs. | a field isolate of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was inoculated intravenously into 8 pigs. four animals died at post inoculation day (pid) 2, the remaining being sacrificed at pid 5, 7, 11 and 15. two control, in-contact pigs were sacrificed at pid 19. virus was isolated from leucocytes and nasal swabs until pid 4, from rectal swabs until pid 2 and, in the pigs found dead at pid 2, from several organs. emc virus was further isolated from brain and spleen of the pig sacrificed at pid 7. one of ... | 1993 | 8237207 |
| comparative effects of losartan, captopril, and enalapril on murine acute myocarditis due to encephalomyocarditis virus. | losartan, a recently developed nonpeptide angiotensin ii (aii) receptor antagonist, was orally administered for 14 days to mice with viral myocarditis, beginning 7 days after encephalomyocarditis virus inoculation. the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (acei) captopril and enalapril were also administered in the same manner to compare the therapeutic effects of these three drugs on the degree of myocarditis, acute heart failure, and left ventricular (lv) hypertrophy. heart weight and the ... | 1995 | 7564367 |
| characterization of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus induced by a new variant (dk-27) of encephalomyocarditis virus in dba/2 mice. | a murine diabetes mellitus induced with a new diabetogenic variant (dk-27) which we isolated from the m variant of the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was characterized. male dba/2 mice (9.5 weeks old) were infected with various infectious doses of dk-27 intraperitoneally. blood glucose and insulin levels were examined in association with the viral replication. pancreatic pathology and hormone contents and stable hemoglobin a1c (st-a1c) levels were also examined on the final day of observation ... | 1995 | 7556422 |
| synergistic effects of tacrolimus and human interferon-alpha a/d in murine viral myocarditis. | the effects of interferon-alpha a/d (ifn) therapy in combination with various immunosuppressants were investigated in a murine model of viral myocarditis. viral infection is an important cause of morbidity in immunocompromised hosts and transplant recipients. human ifn therapy reduces viral replication, reducing the virus-induced myocardial destruction. groups consisting of 25 c3h/he mice received i.p. injections of prednisolone, azathioprine, 15-deoxyspergualin, cyclosporine or tacrolimus (fk50 ... | 1995 | 7542339 |
| vcam-1 is a receptor for encephalomyocarditis virus on murine vascular endothelial cells. | murine vcam-1 has been identified as a receptor for the d variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc-d) virus on vascular endothelial cells from the heart. monoclonal antibodies to vcam-1 inhibited infection and lysis of endothelial cells with emc-d virus. cho cells transfected with the vcam-1 gene were susceptible to emc-d virus lysis, while control cho cells transfected with the elam-1 gene were resistant. similarly, 35s-labeled emc-d virus bound to cho-vcam cells, and binding was inhibited with ant ... | 1994 | 7514674 |
| conserved tertiary structural elements in the 5' nontranslated region of cardiovirus, aphthovirus and hepatitis a virus rnas. | statistical analyses of rna folding in 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntr) of encephalomyocarditis virus, theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and hepatitis a virus indicate that two highly significant folding regions occur in the 5' and 3' portions of the 5'ntr. the conserved tertiary structural elements are predicted in the unusual folding regions (ufr) for these viral rnas. the theoretical, common structural elements predicted in the 3' parts of the 5'ntr occur ... | 1993 | 8389442 |
| inhibition of proteolytic activity of poliovirus and rhinovirus 2a proteinases by elastase-specific inhibitors. | a polyprotein cleavage assay has been developed to assay the proteolytic activities in vitro of the 2a proteinases encoded by poliovirus and human rhinovirus 14, which are representative members of the enterovirus and rhinovirus genera of picornaviruses, respectively. the elastase-specific substrate-based inhibitors elastatinal and methoxysuccinyl-ala-ala-pro-val-chloromethylketone (mpcmk) inhibited both 2a proteinases in vitro. the electrophoretic mobilities of both 2a proteinases were reduced ... | 1993 | 8392608 |
| does the gender difference in interferon production seen in picornavirus-infected spleen cell cultures from icr swiss mice have any in vivo significance? | splenocyte cultures from female icr swiss mice produced greater interferon (ifn) levels, particularly ifn-gamma, than did cultures from males by 12 h post-infection (pi) with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d). this early ifn-gamma is produced by natural killer (nk)-like cells and is dependent on plastic adherent cells and ifn-alpha/beta. in this study, we evaluated the significance of this observation on the innate resistance of icr swiss females to emcv-d-mediated disease. tr ... | 1993 | 7512115 |
| antiviral action of trehalose dimycolate against emc virus: role of macrophages and interferon alpha/beta. | preventive treatment of mice with trehalose 6,6' dimycolate (tdm), an immunomodulator of bacterial origin, enhances their resistance to encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus infection. the protective effect of tdm is totally abolished by the injection of silica particles in mice, demonstrating the role of macrophages in the antiviral action of tdm. in vitro, peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with tdm (tdm-pm) exhibit an intrinsic antiviral activity against emc virus, while resident peritoneal ... | 1993 | 7506511 |
| isolation of encephalomyocarditis virus from dormice (myoxus glis) in italy. | two isolates of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus (zrc 276ra/90 and zrc 292ra/90) were isolated from two dormice (myoxus glis) in tuscany, italy. the two isolates were lethal for laboratory mice and caused a rapid cytopathic effect characterized by rounded and wrinkled cells in both baby hamster kidney cells (bhk21) and african green monkey kidney cells (vero). we found neutralizing antibodies against emc virus in 408 (77%) of 529 domestic pigs (sus scrofa scrofa) and in 165 (49%) of 338 wild boa ... | 1995 | 8583644 |
| the leader peptide of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is a zinc-binding protein. | the leader (l) peptide is located in the amino-terminal part of the polyprotein of members of the cardiovirus (which includes theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus) and aphthovirus genera of picornaviruses. although the function of l is unknown, strain da of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus with a mutation of l produces a cell-specific restricted infection. we now report that the da l peptide is a metalloprotein and that zinc binds to a cys-his motif that is conserved among cardioviru ... | 1995 | 7494325 |
| an outbreak of encephalomyocarditis-virus infection in free-ranging african elephants in the kruger national park. | a cluster of four deaths in late december 1993, marked the onset of an outbreak of disease of african elephants (loxodonta africana) in the kruger national park (knp) in south africa, which has an estimated population of 7,500 elephants. mortalities peaked in january 1994, with 32 deaths, and then declined steadily to reach pre-outbreak levels by september, but sporadic losses continued until november. during the outbreak altogether 64 elephants died, of which 53 (83%) were adult bulls. archival ... | 1995 | 8600443 |
| phosphorylation state of the cap-binding protein eif4e during viral infection. | the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif4e, the cap-binding protein, seems to play an essential role in the establishment of the host shut-off after viral infection. infection with adenovirus and influenza virus caused dephosphorylation of eif4e and an involvement of a viral protein was suggested. in this report, we studied several other viruses for their ability to change the phosphorylation state of eif4e, and we looked for the mechanism of eif4e dephosphorylation. first, it was shown ... | 1996 | 8610440 |
| picornavirus 2a proteinase-mediated stimulation of internal initiation of translation is dependent on enzymatic activity and the cleavage products of cellular proteins. | poliovirus and human rhinovirus 2a proteinases are known to stimulate translation initiation on the cognate viral internal ribosome entry segments (ireses). the molecular mechanism of this translational transactivation was investigated in vitro using dicistronic mrnas containing picornaviral ireses as the intercistronic spacer and purified human rhinovirus type 2 and coxsackievirus b4 2a proteinases. the stimulation achieved on the hrv2 ires in the presence of the cognate 2a proteinase at 1 micr ... | 1995 | 7491779 |
| depletion of mac1-positive macrophages protects dba/2 mice from encephalomyocarditis virus-induced myocarditis and diabetes. | dba/2 mice treated with anti-mac1 monoclonal antibody (mab) failed to develop encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv)-induced diabetes and myocarditis. virus concentrations and the number of viral rna-positive cells in the pancreas and heart were significantly reduced in mice treated with anti-mac1 mab. mac1-positive macrophages seem to be involved in emcv-induced disease and to affect the replication of emcv in target organs. | 1996 | 8627262 |
| mutational analysis of the mengovirus poly(c) tract and surrounding heteropolymeric sequences. | previously, we described three mengovirus mutants derived from cdna plasmids, containing shortened poly(c) tracts (c8, c12, and c13uc10), that exhibited strong attenuation for virulence in mice yet grew like wild-type virus in hela cells. thirteen additional mutants hav now been constructed and characterized. five of these differ only in poly(c) length, including one with a precise deletion of the tract. the other mutants bear deletions into the regions juxtaposing poly(c). studies with hela cel ... | 1996 | 8627731 |
| relationship of encephalomyocarditis virus to cricket paralysis virus of insects. | cricket paralysis virus was shown to share common antigen(s) with encephalomyocarditis virus (cardiovirus: picornaviridae), a virus normally associated with mammals. these viruses must be regarded now as being related strains of one and the same virus. these results pose interesting questions for the taxonomy and ecology of small rna viruses. | 1984 | 6329992 |
| characterization of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus rna. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses are usually included in the enterovirus genus of the family picornaviridae, although there is little physicochemical evidence to support this classification. in this report, the size of the rna of highly virulent and less virulent representatives of the theiler's group of viruses has been determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation and electrophoresis in agarose to be the same as that of other enteroviruses. the absence of a poly(c) residue provides e ... | 1982 | 6288854 |
| effect of combination therapy with ok432 and recombinant human interferon-alpha a/d on atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression in mice with viral myocarditis. | the effects of combination therapy with the immunomodulators ok432 (derived from the su strain of streptococcus pyogenes a3; 1 unit corresponds to 0.1 mg of dried streptococci dissolved in 0.1 ml of saline) and human recombinant interferon-alpha a/d (ifn) on cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) gene expression and myocardial hypertrophy were examined in a murine model of viral myocarditis with congestive heart failure. therapy was started 24 h after inoculation with encephalomyocarditis viru ... | 1995 | 7616436 |
| analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the picornavirus theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus indicates that it is closely related to cardioviruses. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) are naturally occurring enteric pathogens of mice which constitute a separate serological group within the picornavirus family. persistent tmev infection in mice provides a relevant experimental animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. to provide information about the tmev classification, genome organization, and protein processing map, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the tmev genome and deduced the a ... | 1987 | 3033278 |
| molecular cloning and sequence determination of da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses. | theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (tmev) belong to the picornaviridae, and are divided into two subgroups. to subgroup strains produce a persistent demyelinating central nervous system infection in mice, while gdvii subgroup strains cause acute polioencephalomyelitis. we generated three overlapping clones of the genome of da strain, a member of to subgroup. sequence analysis revealed that the genome is 8093 nucleotides long with a poly(a) tail. the 5' noncoding region stretches from nuc ... | 1988 | 2834872 |
| analysis of sequence and pathogenic properties of two variants of encephalomyocarditis virus differing in a single amino acid in vp1. | the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced diabetes-like syndrome in mouse inbred strains was used as a model to study the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). our investigations were performed with two emc virus variants, pv2 and pv7. after infection of sjl mice with 10(5) pfu of pv2 about 70% of the animals developed a diabetes-like syndrome, whereas the pv7 infected mice appeared healthy. histological examination and in situ experiments revealed that the islets of langerhans are a ma ... | 1996 | 8738170 |
| autoantibodies against vimentin in a murine model of myocarditis. | the presence of autoantibodies in the sera of patients with myocarditis has suggested that autoimmunity is a sequela of myocarditis. in this study, we examined anti-vimentin antibodies in a murine model of myocarditis. four-week-old male dba/2 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 plaque-forming units of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. the surviving mice were killed on days 0 (n = 7), 2 (n = 6), 5 (n = 6), 7 (n = 6), 9 (n = 6), 14 (n = 5), 60 (n = 6) and 540 (n = 3) after virus inocul ... | 1994 | 7742476 |
| reproductive failure in sows following experimental infection with a belgian emcv isolate. | in this study, a transplacental infection with fetal death was demonstrated following inoculation of pregnant sows with a belgian encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) isolate. eight multiparus sows were inoculated between 60 and 92 days of gestation with this emcv-isolate to investigate its ability to cause reproductive failure in sows. virus persistence and antibody titre in their offspring were also studied. only the two sows inoculated at 60 days of gestation showed premature farrowing, but all ... | 1994 | 8203116 |
| equine rhinovirus serotypes 1 and 2: relationship to each other and to aphthoviruses and cardioviruses. | equine rhinoviruses (ervs) are picornaviruses which cause a mild respiratory infection in horses. the illness resembles the common cold brought about by rhinoviruses in humans; however, the presence of a viraemia during erv-1 infection, the occurrence of persistent infections and the physical properties are all more reminiscent of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). cdna cloning and sequencing of the genomes of erv-1 and erv-2 between the poly(c) and poly(a) tracts showed that the serotypes are ... | 1996 | 8760418 |
| mengovirus leader is involved in the inhibition of host cell protein synthesis. | the presence of a leader peptide in picornaviruses is restricted to the cardiovirus and aphthovirus genera. however, the leader peptides of these two genera are structurally and functionally unrelated. the aphthovirus leader is a protease involved in viral polyprotein processing and host cell translation shutoff. the function of the cardiovirus leader peptide is still unknown. to gain an insight into the function of the cardiovirus leader peptide, a mengovirus leader peptide deletion mutant was ... | 1996 | 8763999 |
| the influence of viral coding sequences on the efficiency of internal initiation of translation of cardiovirus rnas. | since internal initiation of translation of cardiovirus rnas requires the approximately 450-nt segment of the viral genome immediately upstream of the authentic initiation codon for viral polyprotein synthesis, the question arises as to whether the immediately adjacent sequences, the start of the polyprotein coding region, also influence the efficiency of internal initiation. therefore, a variety of constructs derived from encephalomyocarditis virus and theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus r ... | 1993 | 8249303 |
| enhancement of myocardial damage and alteration of lymphocyte subsets in murine model of postpartum myocarditis. | acute viral myocarditis is considered to be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms for postpartum cardiomyopathy. in this study we examined the severity of viral myocarditis in postpartum mice infected 24 h after delivery. although there were no differences in survival rate between postpartum mice and nonpregnant infected mice (control), the severities of myocardial damage in the postpartum mice was significantly greater than that in control mice (area of cell infiltration; 12.9 +/- 3.8 vs. 7.3 +/- ... | 1993 | 8305197 |
| enhancement by muramyl peptides of the protective response of interferon-alpha/beta against encephalomyocarditis virus infection. | the use of interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) in the treatment of infectious diseases has shown limited efficacy and dose-limiting toxicity. we have selected safe immunomodulators of the muramyl peptide family with the potential of enhancing the efficacy of ifn-alpha without resulting in increased toxicity. one of these synthetic muramyl dipeptide (mdp) derivatives, namely murabutide which is in a clinical stage of development, has been recently found to synergize with ifn-alpha 2a in the selective in ... | 1996 | 8796446 |
| therapeutic effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody on the murine model of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) has been reported to have an antiviral effect in vitro; however, its in vivo effect remains to be clarified. | 1994 | 8313574 |
| development of a recombinant rna technique for the construction of chimeric rna with a long poly(c) tract. | the murine cardioviruses and bovine aphthoviruses are distinguished from other (+) strand rna viruses by their long poly(c) tract in the 5'-noncoding region. the presence of this poly(c) tract has long hampered the construction of full-length cdna with the complete poly(c) tract, because long poly(dc-dg) homopolymer-containing plasmids are difficult to amplify in bacterial systems. to overcome this problem, we constructed a chimeric rna by joining the poly(c) region of the viral rna to the 5'-tr ... | 1993 | 8332467 |
| rna-protein interactions in regulation of picornavirus rna translation. | the translation of picornavirus rna occurs by a cap-independent mechanism directed by a region of about 450 nucleotides from the 5' untranslated region, termed an internal ribosome entry site (ires). internal initiation of protein synthesis occurs without any requirement for viral proteins. furthermore, it is maintained when host cell protein synthesis is almost abolished. by using in vitro translation systems, two distinct families of ires elements which have very different predicted rna second ... | 1996 | 8840784 |
| protection of non-murine mammals against encephalomyocarditis virus using a genetically engineered mengo virus. | genetically engineered mengo viruses with artificial deletions in the 5' noncoding poly(c) tracts are highly attenuated for pathogenicity when introduced as live vaccines into the natural murine host. inoculation produces lifelong protective immunity without disease or viral persistence. this report extends the vaccination studies to non-murine hosts, including baboons, macaques and domestic pigs, all of which are susceptible to severe cardiovirus epizootics. all animals of these species that we ... | 1996 | 8852413 |
| a common structural core in the internal ribosome entry sites of picornavirus, hepatitis c virus, and pestivirus. | cap-independent translations of viral rnas of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses, cardioviruses and aphthoviruses, hepatitis a and c viruses (hav and hcv), and pestivirus are initiated by the direct binding of 40s ribosomal subunits to a cis-acting genetic element termed the internal ribosome entry site (ires) or ribosome landing pad (rlp) in the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr). rna higher ordered structure models for these ires elements were derived by a combined approach using thermodynamic rna foldin ... | 1996 | 8879130 |
| tandem mengovirus 5' pseudoknots are linked to viral rna synthesis, not poly(c)-mediated virulence. | the rna genomes from the cardioviruses, hepatoviruses, and aphthoviruses encode two to five tandem pseudoknots within their 5' untranslated regions. these pseudoknots lie adjacent to a pyrimidine-rich sequence, which in cardio- and aphthoviruses takes the form of a homopolymeric poly(c) tract. seven deletion mutations within mengovirus pseudoknots pk(b) and pk(c) were created and characterized. tested in tissue culture, mengovirus genomes with alterations in pk(c) were viable but had small plaqu ... | 1996 | 8892950 |
| protection of sjl/j mice from demyelinating disease mediated by theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. | intracerebral infection with the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus induces a chronic demyelinating disease in sjl/j mice. intraperitoneal inoculation with either the wild-type da virus or an attenuated variant virus of da, h7a6-2, results in protection from development of chronic demyelinating disease. protective anti-viral immune responses result in reduced viral titers and decreased inflammation in the central nervous system within the first week following intracerebral cha ... | 1995 | 7783595 |
| encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced testicular lesion in balb/c mice. | characteristics of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced testicular lesions were investigated in 4- and 8-week-old balb/c male mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intratesticular (left) (i.t.) inoculation of the d variant of emc virus (emc-d). apart from variation in severity and incidence, the histopathological nature of the resultant testicular lesion was similar in all infected mice, and was characterized by degeneration and necrosis of germinal cells and spermatogonia with inflammatory ... | 1994 | 7830372 |
| theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced cardiac and skeletal muscle disease. | the da strain of theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, a member of the cardiovirus genus of picornaviruses, induces a restricted and persistent infection associated with a demyelinating process following intracerebral inoculation of mice; both virus infection and the immune response are believed to contribute to the late white matter disease. we now report that intraperitoneal inoculation with da produces an acute myositis that progresses to a chronic inflammatory muscle disease in cd-1 mice ... | 1996 | 8971022 |
| epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies raised to recombinant mengo 3d polymerase. | the cdna coding sequence of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (3dpol) of mengovirus was cloned and expressed in a bacterial system. eleven monoclonal antibodies were raised against the recombinant mengo 3dpol (rm3d). all of them recognized the recombinant and the viral-induced form of the protein. the panel of monoclonals belonged to the igg1 and igg2a isotypes and were mapped to four different epitopes in the 3d molecule by competition assays. all monoclonals recognized mengo 3dpol in western bl ... | 1996 | 8972569 |
| in vivo antiviral effects of pidotimod. | the effect of pretreatment with pidotimod ((r)-3-[(s)- (5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)-carbonyl]-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, pgt/1a, cas 121808-62-6) was evaluated in mice infected with two challenging doses of three different viruses. mengovirus, herpes simplex, influenza virus were used. the mice were treated 15 days before the virus challenge. the antiviral effect of pidotimod was evaluated as difference in survival time versus control groups challenged with viruses but not pretreated with pidotim ... | 1994 | 7857337 |
| complementation of defective picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements by the coexpression of fragments of the ires. | mutant forms of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires) have been produced and shown to be severely defective in directing internal initiation of protein synthesis within cells using the vaccinia/t7 rna polymerase system. mutants in different regions of the ires were complemented in trans by coexpression of the intact emcv ires but not by coexpression of the related ires elements from theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (another cardiovirus) or from foot-an ... | 1997 | 9007058 |
| unusual folding regions and ribosome landing pad within hepatitis c virus and pestivirus rnas. | a statistically significant folding region is identified in the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) of hepatitis c virus (hcv), bovine viral diarrhea virus and hog cholera virus. this unusual folding region (ufr) detected in hcv encompasses 199 nucleotides (nt) and coincides with the reported internal ribosome entry site or ribosome landing pad (rlp), as determined by the 5' and 3' deletions [tsukiyama-kohara et al., j. virol. 66 (1992) 1476-1483]. the rna structure predicted in the ufr of hcv consi ... | 1995 | 7890155 |
| the cleavage activities of aphthovirus and cardiovirus 2a proteins. | the primary 2a/2b polyprotein cleavage of aphtho-and cardioviruses is mediated by their 2a proteins cleaving c-terminally. whilst the aphthovirus 2a region is only 16 aa (possibly 18 aa) long, the cardiovirus 2a protein is some 150 aa. we have previously shown that foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 2a is able to mediate cleavage in an artificial (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase/fmdv 2a/beta-glucuronidase [cat-2a-gus]) polyprotein system devoid of any other fmdv sequences with high (approxima ... | 1997 | 9010280 |
| an angiotensin ii receptor antagonist reduces myocardial damage in an animal model of myocarditis. | recently, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was shown to have a beneficial effect on virus-induced myocardial injury. we investigated the effect of a new angiotensin ii type 1 receptor antagonist, (+-)-1-(cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl 2-ethoxy-1-([2'-(1h-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl)-1h-benz imi dazole-7- carboxylate (tcv-116), in an animal model of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus. | 1994 | 7923693 |
| cardioviral poly(c) tracts and viral pathogenesis. | mengovirus is a prototypical member of the cardiovirus genus of the family picornaviridae. the positive-strand rna genome is 7761 bases in length and encodes a polyprotein of 2293 amino acids. the 5' non-coding region (758 bases) contains an unusual homopolymeric poly(c) tract, which in the wild-type virus, has a sequence of c50uc10. we have discovered through genetic engineering that truncation or deletion of this poly(c) sequence yields infectious virus isolates that grow well in cell culture, ... | 1994 | 8032283 |
| treatment of virus-induced myocardial injury with a novel immunomodulating agent, vesnarinone. suppression of natural killer cell activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. | controversy still exists concerning the therapy for viral myocarditis which manifests a wide variety of clinical symptoms. vesnarinone, a quinolinone derivative that was developed as a positive inotropic agent with complex actions, including phosphodiesterase inhibition and cation channel modification, has recently been confirmed to improve the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure. however, the precise mechanism of this beneficial effect is not yet clearly understood. in this study, ... | 1994 | 8083362 |