| site of replication of influenza virus a/budgerigar/hokkaido/1/77 (hav 4 nav 1) in budgerigars. | | 1979 | 44601 |
| clinical and serological analysis of transfusion-associated hepatitis. | of 108 prospectively followed, multiply transfused, open-heart-surgery patients, 12 (11%) developed hepatitis. patients received only volunteer donor blood tested for hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) prior to transfusion by counterelectrophoresis (c.e.p.). 4 of the 12 patients developed hepatitis-b-virus infection. subsequent testing of donor serums by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (r.i.a.) revealed that an r.i.a.-positive, c.e.p.-negative blood unit was transfused to 3 of the 4 type-b hepatit ... | 1975 | 53329 |
| non-a, non-b post-transfusion hepatitis. | to clarify the role of hepatitis-a virus (h.a.v.) in the aetiology of post-transfusion hepatitis unrelated to hepatitis-b virus, we have tested and titred pre-transfusion and convalescent serum samples from 32 patients for antibody to hepatitis-a antigen (anti-ha) by quantitative immune adherence haemagglutination. 12 patients had no detectable anti-ha in either pre-transfusion or late convalescent serum; the other 20 had anti-ha in pretransfusion serum and no significant chance in titre during ... | 1977 | 65657 |
| [new aspects of therapy and prophylaxis of virus hepatitis (author's transl)]. | the etiology of viral hepatitis is well known, since the hepatitis a virus and the hepatitis b virus were detected. there is, however, no specific treatment of the disease. steroids should not be used, since a therapeutical value in viral hepatitis is not definitely proven and since they may contribute to the development of chronic hepatitis. the application of hepatitis b immunoglobulin (hbig), interferon or interferon inducers in hepatitis b infections has yielded some interesting results, whi ... | 1977 | 73114 |
| transmission of non-a, non-b hepatitis from man to chimpanzee. | non-a, non-b hepatitis was transmitted to four colony-born chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation of human sera. two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from a patient with a clinical and serological diagnosis of chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis whose blood appeared to transmit this disease to a nurse following accidental needle-stick, and the other two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from either of two former blood-donors whose hbsag-negative blood appeared to transmit clinically recogn ... | 1978 | 76018 |
| limitations of commercial test for antibody to hepatitis a virus. | | 1979 | 84230 |
| non-a non-b hepatitis associated with chronic liver disease in a haemodialysis unit. | to clarify the aetiology of an outbreak of hbsag-negative acute hepatitis in the renal unit at fulham hospital in 1968--70, serological tests for antibody to hepatitis-a virus (anti-h.a.v.) were done retrospectively on serum samples obtained at the time of the outbreak. 7 patients had had two previous episodes of clinical hbsag-negative hepatitis. serum samples were available from 24 of the 29 infected patients, and these were paired in 12 instances. there was a slight increase in the titre of a ... | 1979 | 87618 |
| are there antigenic variants of hepatitis a virus? | | 1979 | 90289 |
| hepatitis-a-virus exposure in the gambia. | | 1979 | 91064 |
| [action of an anti-viral on the australia antigen in patients with hepatitis a virus and in healthy carriers]. | patients with positive serum hbag reactions were treated with viramid (1-beta-d-ribofuranozyl-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-carboxamide) a new anti-viral drug. of the patients involved in this study, 5 had chronic hepatitis or prolonged hepatitis and 12 were healthy hbag carriers. results obtained suggest that the drug had some action on serum hbag titres with a decrease or negativation of hbag serum titres in peripheric blood, the evaluation of which was immediately seen by employing the counterimmune elec ... | 1977 | 97122 |
| localization of hepatitis a antigen in liver tissue by peroxidase-conjugated antibody method: light and electron microscopic studies. | hepatitis a antigen (haag) was localized in liver tissue from marmosets inoculated with human hepatitis a virus (hav) by light and electron microscopy by using a peroxidase-conjugated antibody method. the fine granular peroxidase staining was scattered throughout the cytoplasm of liver cells when viewed with the light microscope. the distribution of haag-positive cells was focal. virus-like particles, 24 to 27 nm in diameter, were observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and smaller cells, resem ... | 1978 | 101591 |
| hepatitis a and down's syndrome: lack of an association. | the occurrence of hepatitis a early in pregnancy has been reported to result in increased births of children with down's syndrome. eleven sets of paired sera were obtained before conception and during pregnancy from women who delivered infants with down's syndrome. these sera were tested for antibody to hepatitis a virus with use of immune electron microscopy. none of the women had seroconversions or increases in levels of antibody to hepatitis a virus. no evidence of an association between hepa ... | 1976 | 135033 |
| transfusion-associated hepatitis not due to viral hepatitis type a or b. | twenty-two patients who had an episode of transfusion-associated hepatitis not positive for hepatitis b antigen were examined for development of antibody to heaptitis a and b antigens, cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus. antibody response to the 27-nm virus-like hepatitis a antigen was measured by immune electron microscopy. in none of the 22 patients studied did serologic evidence of infection with hepatitis a virus develop during the study period. nine of the 22 patients had antibody respo ... | 1975 | 163436 |
| a specific complement-fixation test for human hepatitis a employing cr326 virus antigen. diagnosis and epidemiology. | a specific diagnostic complement-fixation test for hepatitis a antibody in human serum was described employing livers of marmosets infected with cr326 strain human hepatitis a virus. persons with hepatitis a, but not hepatitis b, developed hepatitis a cf antibody shortly after the onset of illness and this persisted thereafter. good agreement was noted in the development of cf and neutralizing antibodies in hepatitis a cases. hepatitis a was shown to occur in a person with hepatitis b antigenemi ... | 1975 | 165548 |
| experimental infection of chimpanzees with hepatitis a virus. | the susceptibility of chimpanzees to viral hepatitis type a was examined with immine electron microscopy. of four seronegative infant chimpanzees, two were inoculated with a hepatitis a acute-phase stool filtrate rich in 27 nm virus-like hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) particles, and two were inoculated with an ha ag-negative preinfection stool filtrate. one of each pair of chimpanzees was inoculated intravenously, the other orally. one month later both chimpanzees that had received the ha ag-positi ... | 1975 | 171320 |
| viral hepatitis: recent developments and prospects for prevention. | during the past decade new development in hepatitis research have shed new light on the etiologic, epidemiologic, immunologic, and prophylactic aspects of type a and b hepatitis virus infection. recent advances in hepatitis a virus research include: (1) identification of the virus as a 27 nm particle with characteristics resembling an enterovirus, (2) transmission of the infection to marmosets and chimpanzees, and (3) development of specific complement fixation and immune adherence antibody test ... | 1975 | 171363 |
| hepatitis in marmosets. | some species of marmosets are susceptible, not only by parenteral inoculation but also by oral exposure, to human hepatitis a virus present in sera or feces. the stools of animals inoculated parenterally or orally contained fecal antigen during certain times of the incubation period and the early, acute phase of the disease; viruslike particles were present in feces of orally infected animals and such feces were infectious when inoculated into marmosets. the fecal antigen crossreacted both with ... | 1975 | 171953 |
| foodhandler-associated outbreak of hepatitis type a. an immune electron microscopic study. | immune electron microscopy, which can detect hepatitis a antigen and antibody (anti-ha), was used to study a foodhandler-associated outbreak of hepatitis among 136 naval recruits. in stool specimens collected during the acute phase of illness, 27-nm viruslike hapatitis a antigen particles were shown, but only in patients with icteric hepatitis. detection was possible in stools collected as early as 10 days before peak serum aminotransferase activity and up to the time of peak enzyme activity, bu ... | 1975 | 173217 |
| infectivity studies of hepatitis a and b in non-human primates. | we have induced hepatitis a in marmosets of the subspecies saguinus mystax following primary inoculation with human serum containing the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus (hav) and in 3 further marmoset subpassages using infective marmoset serum from each preceding passage. in each passage acquisition of serum antibody against 17 nm virus-like particles recovered from acute illness stools of human volunteers who developed hepatitis following inoculation with the ms-1 strain of hav, as well as fro ... | 1975 | 173599 |
| purification of hepatitis a antigen from feces and detection of antigen and antibody by immune adherence hemagglutination. | hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) was purified from feces collected during acute illness from patients with naturally occurring viral hepatitis, type a. positive fecal specimens were identified by immune electron microscopy, but for detection of ha agduring purification immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) and microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay were used. isopycnic banding in cesium chloride, rate-zonal separation in sucrose, and preparative zonal electrophoresis were used in various combina ... | 1976 | 178597 |
| quantitation of antibody to hepatitis a antigen by immune electron microscopy. | a set of precipitin reactions was performed by immune electron microscopy (iem) with hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) and varying quantities of antibody to ha a q (anti-ha). serial dilution of anti-ha resulted in progressive diminution in iem antibody rating. these data, together with a highly significant correlation between iem ratings and immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha) titers on 92 coded serum samples, confirm that quantitative serology development can be performed by iem. to demonstrate ... | 1976 | 179951 |
| hepatitis a antigen isolated from liver and stool: immunologic comparison of antisera prepared in guinea pigs. | morphologically similar hepatitis a antigen particles (ha ag)3 have been detected in the stools of patients with type a hepatitis and in the livers of marmosets experimentally infected with hepatitis a virus. to investigate the humoral antibody responses to these antigens and to compare the immunologic properties of ha ag from these two sources, we immunized guinea pigs with either marmoset liver-derived ha ag or with human stool-derived ha ag in complete freund's adjuvant and measured their ant ... | 1976 | 182882 |
| comparison of serological tests for antibody to hepatitis a antigen, using coded specimens from individuals infected with the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus. | to compare serological tests for antibody to hepatitis a antigen (anti-ha), we tested 15 paired serum specimens, submitted under code, from individuals infected with the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus. immune electron microscopy (iem), immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha), and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) tests for anti-ha were performed with hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) derived from human stool; results were also compared with previously reported titers determined by iaha with ha ag ... | 1976 | 186409 |
| nonhuman primate-associated viral hepatitis type a. serologic evidence of hepatitis a virus infection. | since 1961, viral hepatitis has been recognized as an occupational hazard among handlers of newly imported chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates. to determine whether previously reported cases were caused by human viral hepatitis type a, we tested paired serum samples from two outbreaks for antibody to hepatitis a antigen (anti-ha) by immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha), recently available test. in both outbreaks, one of hepatitis transmitted from chimpanzee to man (michigan, 1964), the s ... | 1976 | 180303 |
| hepatitis a. perspectives and recent advances. | the basis for the epidemiologic and etiologic differentiation of two major forms of viral hepatitis, hepatitis a and b, was established in a series of studies undertaken between 1930 and 1970. final recovery and visualization of the presumed etiologic agent of hepatitis a was not, however, accomplished until the technique of immune electron microscopy was applied to the examination of specimen materials collected from individuals in the early acute stages of infection. morphologically homogeneou ... | 1975 | 174435 |
| mutliple hepatitis viruses in multiple attacks of acute viral hepatitis. | we evaluated the causes of 30 episodes of acute viral hepatitis in 13 patients who had multiple attacks. two (seven per cent) of 30 bouts were caused by hepatitis a virus, and 12 (40%) by hepatitis b virus. no patient, however, had more than one attack with the serologic characteristics of type a or type b disease. thus, there were 16 bouts (53 per cent) not attributable to either of the two recognized hepatitis viruses. none of these "non-a, non-b" episodes, evaluated for infectious mononucleos ... | 1977 | 186710 |
| characterization of cr326 human hepatitis a virus, a probable enterovirus. | cr326 human hepatitis a virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 mmu spherical particles on electron microscopic examination. the particles were identified as hepatitis a virus by tests for infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with convalescent human hepatitis a serum. also, identical 27 mmu viruses in liver extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis a antisera when tested by immune electron microscopy. the buoyant densi ... | 1975 | 173603 |
| antibodies to hepatitis a virus: patterns by two procedures. | antibody to hepatitis a virus demonstrable by immune electron microscopy appeared early but remained at low levels for several weeks. antibody detectable by immune adherence hemagglutination was delayed. | 1977 | 188864 |
| the mythology of various hepatitis a virus isolates. | several types of viral hepatitis may exist. hepatitis a (ms-1 type) can be transmitted to marmosets and chimpanzees. virus-like particles, which may be parvo- or enteroviruses and which have been demonstrated in feces of this type of hepatitis, do not share cross-reacting antigens with hepatitis b but do cross-react with fecal hepatitis a antigen. hepatitis a (gb type), which also does not cross-react with hepatitis b, is not antigenically identical with ms-1; it can be transmitted to marmosets ... | 1975 | 173601 |
| a prospective study of acute viral hepatitis with particular reference to hepatitis a. | in order to investigate the relationship of hepatitis a antigen to viral hepatitis, a prospective study was carried out on 97 patients admitted to fairfield hospital, melbourne, with suspected viral hepatitis, and 3 of their family contacts. evidence of infection with hepatitis a virus was obtained by detecting hepatitis a antigen in stools, and/or antibody to it in sera, by immune electron microscopy. infection with hepatitis b virus was determined by testing for hepatitis b surface antigen and ... | 1976 | 191207 |
| immune adherence and complement-fixation tests for human hepatitis a. diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations. | the reliable propagation of cr326 strain of human hepatitis a virus in saguinus mystax marmosets has permitted the development of specific serum neutralization, complement-fixation (cf), and immune adherence (ia) assays for hepatitis a antigen and antibody. the cf and ia assays were made possible by the use of livers of cr326-infected marmosets as a source of hepatitis a antigen. all assays were shown to be specific for hepatitis a. cases of hepatitis b did not show development of hepatitis a an ... | 1975 | 173600 |
| discussion. viral hepatitis: the agents (hepatitis a virus). | | 1975 | 171957 |
| similarities of two hepatitis a virus strains. | in outbreaks of type a hepatitis in los angeles, usa, and rosario, argentina, virus particles were isolated from faeces. the geographically diverse strains were identical in appearance and serological reactivity. they differed only in buoyant density, but other workers have also obtained inconsistent results in estimating this. we conclude that the virus strains in the two epidemics were identical. | 1976 | 194718 |
| serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis a: detection of acute-phase immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis a virus by radioimmunoassay. | a modified micro solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) for antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was developed. this double antibody procedure was performed by coating the surface of a polyvinyl microtiter plate "well" with 200 microliter of a 1:1,000 dilution of a patient's test serum. purified hav and 125i-labeled immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-hav were then sequentially added to form an antibody sandwich. the specificity and sensitivity of the ria procedure for anti-hav were verified by examinat ... | 1977 | 194916 |
| suitability of the rufiventer marmoset as a host animal for human hepatitis a virus. | | 1977 | 195283 |
| transmission of non-a, non-b hepatitis. | in studies conducted in the early 1950s, sera from six asymptomatic blood donors, implicated in the transmission of viral hepatitis, were inoculated into 10 to 20 volunteers each. five of these "implicated" donor sera transmitted clinically apparent hepatitis to the recipients. the stored serum samples from these studies have been reanalyzed using serologic markers for hepatitis b virus and hepatitis a virus infection. two of the donor sera were hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive, and ... | 1977 | 195505 |
| biophysical and biochemical properties of cr326 human hepatitis a virus. | cr326 human hepatitis a virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 mmu spherical particles on electron microscopic examination. the particles were identified as hepatitis a virus by tests by infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with convalescent human hepatitis a serum. also, identical 27 mmu viruses in liver extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis a antisera when tested by immune electron microscopy. the buoyant densit ... | 1975 | 171955 |
| studies on human hepatitis a virus in chimpanzees. | | 1977 | 199227 |
| review of infectivity studies in nonhuman primates with virus-like particles associated with ms-1 hepatitis. | using the technique of immune electron microscopy we have conducted hepatitis a infectivity studies in marmoset monkeys and chimpanzees. marmosets inoculated with human serum containing the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus have developed hepatitis and seroconverted to 27 nm virus-like particles isolated from stools of humans in the early acute stages of hepatitis. similar results have been observed through several marmoset subpassages, and the virus-like particles have been recovered from the li ... | 1975 | 171954 |
| specific immune adherence assay for human hepatitis a antibody application to diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations. | a specific immune adherence (ia) test for hepatitis a antibody in human serum was described employing liver extract of marmosets infected with cr326 strain human hepatitis a virus. persons with hepatitis a, but not hepatitis b, developed hepatitis a ia antibody soon after onset of the acute illness and this persisted thereafter. there was very close agreement in the tests for human hepatitis a immune adherence, complement fixing (cf) and neutralizing antibodies. ia antibodies appeared to develop ... | 1975 | 167376 |
| detection of hepatitis a antigen by immunofluorescence. | hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (if) in liver biopsies from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis a virus infection. blocking experiments with paired sera from patients with hepatitis types a, b, or non-a, non-b, as well as with purified ha ag, showed that the fluorescence was specific for ha ag. ha ag could be demonstrated only in biopsies from chimpanzees inoculated with hepatitis a virus. in two of four chimpanzees biopsied weekly, ha ag could be detected ... | 1977 | 200565 |
| [trends in studies of hepatitis a virus and the status of hepatitis a in japan]. | | 1977 | 200772 |
| viral hepatitis: enzyme assays and serologic procedures in the study of an epidemic. | an epidemic of viral hepatitis beginning in late 1975 in a residence for multiply handicapped children, recognized very early in its course, was investigated prospectively to permit comparison of enzymatic and serologic tests. thirty-three residents of the institution and 46 full- and part-time employees were studied by the immune adherence hemagglutination procedure for antibody (anti-hav) to hepatitis a virus (hav). of these, 31 residents and 37 staff members were susceptible at the beginning ... | 1977 | 201170 |
| physical, chemical and morphologic dimensions of human hepatitis a virus strain cr326 (38578). | cr326 human hepatitis a virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 nm spherical particles on electron microscopic examination. the particles were identified as hepatitis a virus by tests for infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with convalescent human hepatitis a serum. also, indentical 27 nm viruses in liver extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis a antisera when tested by immune electron microscopy. the bouyant den ... | 1975 | 164674 |
| viral hepatitis, type a. identification by specific complement fixation and immune adherence tests. | hepatitis a antibody was detected by specific immune adherence and complement-fixation tests in a study involving 473 serum specimens from 20 patients who had viral hepatitis, type a. in all 20 patients who had no detectable immune adherence antibody (less than 1:5) before onset of hepatitis high levels (greater than or equal to 1:1024) developed one to four weeks later, occasionally reaching peak levels exceeding greater than or equal to 1:81,920 several months thereafter. five to 10 years late ... | 1975 | 164627 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a and polioviruses in an unimmunized urban population. | a large group of sera collected in 1954-1955 from people living in the metropolitan area of melbourne, australia, was tested for neutralizing antibody to polioviruses 1,2 and 3 and for antibody to hepatitis a virus by solid phase radioimmunoassay. the age-specific prevalence of antibody to each virus was remarkable similar, being highest in the elderly and in persons of low socioeconomic status. antibody to each virus was acquired early in life, with more than half the population showing evidenc ... | 1978 | 203186 |
| clinical, epidemiological and prognostic aspects of hepatitis "non-a, non-b"--a comparison with hepatitis a and b. | sera of 480 hospitalized hepatitis patients were tested for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) and to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc), antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) and anti-hav of igm-class. serological markers indicating hepatitis a infection were found in 107 (22.3%) and markers indicating hepatitis b in 297 patients (61.9%), while 63 patients (13.1%) were classified as hepatitis type "non-a, non-b". the latter group mainly comprised drug addicts ... | 1979 | 119311 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis a antigen in stool and antibody to hepatitis a antigen in sera: comparison with solid-phase radioimmunoassay, immune electron microscopy, and immune adherence hemagglutination assay. | previously described techniques for detection of hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) and antibody (anti-ha) have required purified ha ag and expensive equipment. herein is described an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for specific detection of ha ag in human stool filtrates and of anti-ha in sera by using selected ha ag-containing human stool filtrates as the antigen source. because human stools often react nonspecifically in serological tests for ha ag, blocking with preexposure and hyperimmun ... | 1978 | 204663 |
| hepatitis a virus infection: new insights from seroepidemiologic studies. | the prevalence of exposure to hepatitis a virus (hav) increases with increasing age; decreases with increasing socioeconomic class; increases with increasing serologic evidence of prior hepatitis b virus (hbv) exposure but is much more common than hbv exposure; is independent of sex and race; varies in different parts of the world as a function of hygienic, developmental, and unrecognized geographic factors; and is not affected by immune deficiency or immaturity. transmission of type a hepatitis ... | 1978 | 204711 |
| multiple buoyant densities of hepatitis a virus in cesium chloride gradients. | hepatitis a virus (hav) recovered from stools of human cases of hepatitis a and from stools of chimpanzees experimentally infected with hav was shown to possess multiple buoyant densities in cscl gradients. the greatest proportion of hav was most frequently found at a buoyant density of 1.32-1.34 g/cm3, however, large proportions of hav were also frequently found at higher densities, including 1.36-1.37, 1.40-1.42, and 1.45-1.48 g/cm3. these findings are consistent with the notion that hav may b ... | 1977 | 204743 |
| detection of virus-associated antigen in serum and liver of patients with non-a non-b hepatitis. | in a search for serological markers of non-a non-b(nanb) hepatitis, sera from repeatedly transfused and convalescent patients were assayed by immunodiffusion against sera from 12 patients with early acute nanb hepatitis. a new antigen/antibody system distinct from hbsag was demonstrated in 8 cases. to assess the specificity of the test, serial sera from 17 patients with acute hepatitis of known aetiology (10 due to hepatitis-b virus, 4 to hepatitis-a virus, 3 to drugs) were tested twice a month, ... | 1979 | 93182 |
| hepatitis a virus. | | 1976 | 61515 |
| tests in rufiventer and other marmosets of susceptibility to human hepatitis a virus. | the rufiventer marmoset proved equally satisfactory to s. mystax for studies of human hepatitis a virus. c. jacchus, c. argentata, s. weddelli, and s. oedipomidas oedipus were not satisfactory. livers of rufiventer marmosets produced satisfactory cr326 strain hepatitis a antigen for immune adherence tests both in amount and specificity. rufiventer marmosets infected with human hepatitis a virus showed enzyme elevations and high titers of viral antigen in their livers as early as seven days after ... | 1978 | 205858 |
| experimental infection of marmosets with hepatitis a virus. | saguinus mystax marmosets were experimentally infected with two strains of human hepatitis a virus. one of these strains of hav was successfully subpassaged in this species of marmosets. in another experiment, the 1.32 and 1.41 g/cm3 buoyant density species of hav derived from an infected chimpanzee stool were shown to be infectious in three species of marmosets. the value of the marmoset as an experimental model for hepatitis a infection was demonstrated by these studies. | 1978 | 205859 |
| the seroepidemiological pattern of acute viral hepatitis. an epidemiological study on viral hepatitis in the hannover region. | the natural incidence of the etiologically distinct types of viral hepatitis was determined by investigating acute phase sera of symptomatic hepatitis cases occuring in the hannover area in 1975 for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen, antibodies to hepatitis a, hepatitis b core and surface antigens, and by measuring the igm serum levels. fourteen different seroepidemiologic patterns were recognized. although there was a high prevalence of hepatitis a antibody in the population, the freq ... | 1978 | 206514 |
| the changed epidemiology of hepatitis a infection in scandinavia. | the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was studied in a swedish city population. a great difference was observed in different age groups. anti-hav was not found in the serum of young individuals while the prevalence was high in older ages (87% in individuals 60 years or older). this pattern of hepatitis a exposure is quite different from that reported for instance from the mediterranean area and may indicate a very low frequency of hepatitis a exposure in scandinavia t ... | 1978 | 209535 |
| the 1971-72 epidemic of acute viral hepatitis in godthaab, greenland. | viral hepatitis has been known to occur among the greenland population endemically as well as in smaller and larger epidemics. a large epidemic of acute hepatitis comprising around 9% of the entire population, viz. more than 4000 notified cases, swept through greenland between october 1970 and december 1972. 996 verified cases were seen in the godthaab district and subjected to more detailed studies. most of the godthaab cases were seen among children and adolescents, and no disease was observe ... | 1976 | 58437 |
| transfusion-related short-incubation hepatitis in hemophilic patients. | nine episodes of a unique short-incubation form of hepatitis were observed during five years in six hemophilic children after infusion with commercial factor viii concentrate prepared by two different manufacturers. five patients with a single episode had no previous infusion for 14 months to 14 years. one patient with several episodes had no previous infusion for at least seven months preceding each episode. the illness was mild and self-limited. no seroconversions to cytomegalovirus, epstein-b ... | 1978 | 210302 |
| immunofluorescence of hepatitis a virus antigen in chimpanzees. | chimpanzee liver biopsies and necropsy tissues were examined by immunofluorescence for hepatitis a virus antigen. results further indicate that the liver may be the sole site of replication for the virus. | 1978 | 211088 |
| [anti hepatitis a antibodies in the french population and in polyvalent plasma immunoglobulins at a transfusion center (gamma ts)]. | a search for antibodies directed specifically against hepatitis virus a was carried out in 600 blood donors in the paris region (354 men and 246 women) by a radio-immunological technic in solid phase. 75.3% had a positive test, no difference was found as regards sex on country of origin (57 were not french). an increase in the frequency of carriers of anti-hav carriers was observed in relation to age, for 48.4% were aged between 18 and 24 years and 85.9% had antibodies after age 40 years. an est ... | 1978 | 211590 |
| solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis a virus. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of hepatitis a virus in human fecal specimens. investigations with 88 fecal specimens from 77 patients with suspected viral hepatitis and 8 of their household contacts showed that elisa was as specific and sensitive as radioimmunoassay and almost as sensitive as immune electron microscopy. the elisa is quick and simple to perform, does not require sophisticated technical equipment, and can be read with the naked eye, ma ... | 1978 | 212452 |
| localization of hepatitis a antigen in marmoset organs during acute infection with hepatitis a virus. | twelve marmosets (saguinus mystax) were inoculated intravenously (iv) with hepatitis a virus (hav). one died early (day 12); seven were sacrificed at the time of elevation in level of alanine aminotransferase (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase), and four without elevation were not sacrificed but seroconverted. in the seven marmosets sacrificed during the acute stage of illness, hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) was detected in the liver by immunofluorescence in all cases, by immune electron microsco ... | 1978 | 212488 |
| thermal treatment and infectivity of hepatitis a virus in human feces. | the susceptibility of white-lipped marmoset monkeys (saguinus sp) to human hepatitis a virus (hav) provides a system for evaluation of thermal inactivation of hav in feces and contaminated shellfish. intramuscular or oral administration of hav derived from feces of four patients with acute hepatitis a induced hepatitis in 28--100% of the inoculated marmosets. a 10% (w/v) fecal pool (gbg-bm) prepared from two patients (gbg and gbm) induced hepatitis in marmosets (2/4 with 1 ml; 2/2 with 3 ml) whe ... | 1978 | 212524 |
| mussel-associated viral hepatitis, type a: serological confirmation. | 7 members of a family of 14 developed acute viral hepatitis approximately one month after a family outing. epidemiological investigation incriminated incompletely cooked mussels (mytilus edulis) as the vehicle of infection and revealed a statistically significant difference in attack-rates between mussel-ingesters (70%) and non-ingesters (0%) (p=0-035). the aetiological role of hepatitis-a virus, suspected on epidemiological grounds, was serologically confirmed by the demonstration of rises in t ... | 1976 | 55839 |
| isolation of single stranded dna from purified hepatitis a-virus. | hepatitis a-virus was purified from human stools by three purification steps. virus was identified by radioimmunoassay and purity monitored with immune electron microscopy. virus particles, serologically and morphologically identical, banded in cscl in two density ranges at 1.31-1.34 g/cm3 and at 1.41-1.43 g/cm3. virions of density 1.31-1.34 g/cm3 were shown to contain single-stranded dna of different size classes. class i 1.33 kb, class ii 4.61 kb in addition a small amount of molecules was det ... | 1978 | 212889 |
| an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine prepared from infected marmoset liver. | | 1978 | 213786 |
| studies on the outbreak of hepatitis a in an institute for mentally retarded children. | the authors encountered an outbreak of acute hepatitis in a public institute for mentally retarded children in aomori prefecture, japan. studies revealed that the probable vehicles of transmission of infection were contaminated water, contaminated meals, and close contact. from the clinical manifestations and epidemiological investigations of 41 affected children and staff members, an outbreak of hepatitis a was strongly suspected. immune electron microscopy disclosed hepatitis a virus antigen p ... | 1978 | 215486 |
| development and utilization of complement-fixation and immune adherence tests for human hepatitis a virus and antibody. | the reliable propagation of cr326 strain of human hepatitis a virus in saguinus mystax marmosets has permitted the development of specific serum neutralization, complement-fixation (cf), and immune adherence (ia) assays for hepatitis a antigen and antibody. the cf and ia assay were made possible by the use of livers of cr326-infected marmosets as a source of hepatitis a antigen. all assays were shown to be specific for hepatitis a. patients with hepatitis b did not show development of hepatitis ... | 1975 | 53013 |
| prevalence of antibody to the hepatitis a virus in a large institution for the mentally retarded. | the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was determined in 854 people living in a large institution for the mentally retarded in melbourne. altogether 638 (74.4%) of the subjects were found to have specific antibody detectable by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria). no difference in antibody prevalence was observed between males and females; however, the prevalence was higher among subjects with down syndrome (84.1%) than those of other forms of mental retardation (72.8%). in ... | 1978 | 215714 |
| asymptomatic viral hepatitis types a and b in an adolescent population. | sera from 95 adolescents were examined for markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. hbv markers were found in eight adolescents (8%) and evidence of previous hav infection was found in 18 adolescents (19%); none had a history of clinically recognizable hepatitis. these findings support the growing evidence that hbv and hav infections are diseases of the pediatric age group, and that testing of hbv vaccines when they become available for patient use will ... | 1978 | 215959 |
| [antibody formation in type a viral hepatitis]. | immune response to hepatitis type a antigen (haag) was measured by the passive hemagglutination test (pha) and by the immune adherence test (iaha). specific antibodies found by pha are of the igm class which indicates a recent exposure to hepatitis a virus. the antibodies found by iaha reflect the level of postinfectious immune status. the antibody curve is highest in the age group of 30--49 years (95%). the above-mentioned serological tests were carried out with purified by gel filtration in se ... | 1978 | 216149 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus in healthy individuals of milan. | we have studied by radioimmunoassay the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus in 436 randomly selected individuals of milan according to age and sex. taken together, 70% of subjects provided serological evidence of exposure to hav. both sexes resulted similarly immunized (69.7% females and 70.7% males). the anti-hav prevalence was found to be directly related to age, being on the increase from childhood to adulthood and reaching its peak (9l.5%) in people over fifty. an analysis of the dis ... | 1978 | 216377 |
| propagation of human hepatitis a virus in cell culture in vitro. | | 1979 | 217023 |
| letter: chimpanzee model for hepatitis-a virus. | | 1975 | 51977 |
| [antibodies against hepatitis a virus in soldiers of the yugoslav people's army - blood donors]. | | 1978 | 218360 |
| the clinical significance of hepatitis b virus antigens and antibodies. | there are two well-characterized antigen-antibody systems which relate specificially to viral hepatitis b. tests for hbsag and anti-hbs are readily available and of great benefit to the diagnosis, prevention and understanding of hepatitis b. tests for hbcag and anti-hbc are still research techniques which requires further development before they can be used at the level of everyday medical practice. hbsag in an individual indicates that he harbors the virus of hepatitis b; it may be present in t ... | 1975 | 49464 |
| serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis a by a modified competitive binding radioimmunoassay for immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis a virus. | a competitive binding radioimmunoassay (cba) for antibody to hepatitis a virus (hav) was evaluated and compared with a standard solid-phase radioimmunoassay for anti-hav, cba was found to be sensitive and specific for the detection of anti-hav, as demonstrated by the 98% concordance of cba and solid-phase radioimmunoassay test results. the standard cba test was modified for the differential detection of acute (immunoglobulin m) and convalescent (immunoglobulin g) anti-hav by incorporation of a s ... | 1979 | 219016 |
| biochemical and biophysical characterization of light and heavy density hepatitis a virus particles: evidence hav is an rna virus. | heavy density hav was also shown to be sensitive to low concentrations of rnase. the results of these biophysical and biochemical studies strongly support the notion hav is an enterovirus. | 1978 | 27576 |
| serologic studies of transmission of hepatitis a in humans. | in 1968, studies of infectious hepatitis in volunteers were reported. immunologic procedures for serologic study of the hepatitis a virus were not available at that time, and only the clinical and biochemical parameters of the disease were reported. serial serum specimens from the participants in the study were retained; these specimens had been taken before inoculation and up to more than 100 days after inoculation. when a radioimmune assay for antibody to hepatitis a virus was developed, the s ... | 1979 | 220330 |
| preliminary serologic studies of antibody to hepatitis a virus in populations in the united states. | | 1976 | 186542 |
| serologic comparison of hepatitis a antigen to echovirus 25 isolate cr69(076) recovered from a patient with viral hepatitis. | a serologic comparison was performed by immune electron microscopy between hepatitis a antigen (related to the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus) and a viral isolate, cr69(076), from the stool of a patient in costa rica with viral hepatitis. cr69(076) was not antigenically related to hepatitis a antigen but was related to echovirus 25. thus, it is unrelated to the ms-1 strain of hepatitis a virus. | 1975 | 186440 |
| [hepatitis a of children. seroepidemiological study among french urban population (author's transl)]. | a prevalence survey of hepatitis a antibody (anti-hav) was conducted among 145 children living in the area of tours (france). thirty-four per cent of children's sera was found anti-hav positive when tested by both immune adherence hemagglutination assay (iaha) and specific radio-immunoassay (ria). the prevalence of anti-hav among infants less than one year and children between 1 to 5 years, was 35 per cent and 15 per cent respectively. from 6 years old, the prevalence of anti-hav increased abrup ... | 1979 | 221882 |
| immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis a virus determination reorienting gradient centrifugation for diagnosis of acute hepatitis a. | the persistence of antibody to hepatitis a antigen (anti-hav) of the immunoglobulin m (igm) class was evaluated in 88 sera of 51 acute hepatitis a patients. igm was separated from igg by a 2-h reorienting sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, and the titer of anti-hav was determined in the igg- and igm-containing fractions by solid-hase radioimmunoassay. igm anti-hav was the predominating antibody at onset of jaundice and persisted in these patients for at least 60 days, but not longer than 115 ... | 1979 | 222804 |
| demonstration of specific antibodies to a coxsackie-like virus in patients of a hepatitis outbreak. | lynchburg fecal virus (lfv), originally isolated from the stool of an infectious hepatitis patient, was passaged 15 times in wi-38 cells and partially characterized. its properties are as follows: rna virus; 27 nm in diameter, picornavirus-like morphology; inactivated at 56 c for 60 minutes; resistant to treatment with hydrochloric acid (ph 3.0), chloroform (33%), and diethyl ether (20%). neutralization studies indicated that lfv is antigenically related to coxsackievirus a-24 but not to prototy ... | 1979 | 223437 |
| hepatitis a. | | 1976 | 183390 |
| hepatitis a antigen particles in liver, bile, and stool of chimpanzees. | virus-like hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) particles, presumably hepatitis a virus, were isolated from the liver, bile, and stool of three chimpanzees that had been infected with stool filtrates containing ha ag particles. specimens of serum, stool, liver biopsy material, and bile were obtained at selected intervals during the experiment. the animals developed mild hepatitis 19-21 days after inoculation, and antibody to ha ag appeared de novo in their convalescent-phase serum. during acute illness, ... | 1976 | 181500 |
| [experience in examining infectious hepatitis patients by using a viral detection method]. | immune electron microscopy was shown to be an acceptable diagnostic method which allowed to detect hepatitis a virus particles in the stools of patients with infectious hepatitis even at the late stages of the disease. the examination of stools from 225 children (aged 2--17 years) hospitalized with diagnosed infectious hepatitis during the period of a seasonal rise in morbidity rate yielded positive findings at an average rate of 10.5%. this rate also depended on the severity of the disease and ... | 1979 | 224627 |
| effect of human immune serum globulin on infectivity of hepatitis a virus. | a standard preparation of immune serum globulin containing a titer of immune adherence hemagglutination hepatitis a antibody of 1:3,200 neutralized the infectivity of ms-1 serum. an inoculation of ms-1 serum was followed by the following evidence of hepatitis a infection in eight of 14 seronegative recipients: (1) abnormal values for serum aspartate aminotransferase after an incubation period of 29-42 days, and (2) no detectable immune adherence hemagglutination hepatitis a antibody (less than 1 ... | 1976 | 181498 |
| ultrastructural studies of hepatitis a virus by electron microscopy. | well-defined, core-like structures were visualized in hepatitis a virus particles by a modified microelectron microscopy technique. | 1976 | 186642 |
| a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus. | the conditions for a sensitive and specific solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) for the detection of igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) were optimized, and the ria was used to assay sera from patients with hepatitis. igm antibodies to hav reached highest concentrations between one and three weeks after onset of icterus and were measurable in follow-up sera for at least 12 months after infection. to prove the specificity, the igg antibodies were separated from patient sera by sucrose densit ... | 1979 | 225390 |
| non-b hepatitis in melbourne: a serological study of hepatitis a virus infection. | a study was performed to establish the value of immune adherence haemagglutination tests for antibody to hepatitis a virus in the diagnosis of non-b hepatitis. infection with hepatitis a virus was confirmed in 14 out of 16 patients from six families and seven out of nine patients in whom the source of infection was unknown. one additional patient, who had had two episodes of jaundice, was shown to have had an attack of hepatitis a followed by an attack of hepatitis b. in patients with acute hepa ... | 1977 | 188515 |
| [do antigenic variants of the hepatitis a virus exist?]. | | 1979 | 228499 |
| an outbreak of type a viral hepatitis at the naval training center, san diego: epidemiologic evaluation. | in october 1974, a large foodborne outbreak of hepatitis occurred among naval personnel undergoing basic training at the naval training center, san diego, california. of the 2781 recruits eating at the implicated dining hall on the day disease transmission occurred, 133 developed clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatitis for an attack rate of 47.8/1000. the epidemiologic investigation suggested that hepatitis a virus was the etiologic agent, and this was subsequently confirmed by laboratory e ... | 1977 | 189601 |
| purification of hepatitis a virus from chimpanzee stools. | hepatitis a virus antigen was purified from early acute-phase chimpanzee stools by a rapid three-step procedure using 7% polyethylene glycol precipitation, cscl banding, and sepharose 2b column chromatography. electron microscopic examination of the hepatitis a virus entigen preparation revealed highly purified hepatitis a virus particles. | 1977 | 192913 |
| fulminant hepatitis a. | during a small epidemic of infectious hepatitis, a fulminant infection with fatal outcome occurred in a 54-year-old woman. igm antibody to hepatitis a virus was demonstrated in the serum and large amounts of hepatitis a virus were found in the liver. it is suggested that the pathogenesis may be different for fulminant hepatitis a and b infection. | 1979 | 231300 |
| hepatitis a antibodies in finland. | serum specimens from 191 finnish adults were tested for antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav). the frequency of anti-hav increased from 8% in the age group of 20-29 years to 92% in those older than 60 years. the level of 50% was reached between 40 and 50 years. | 1979 | 231302 |
| the pathobiology of hepatitis a virus. | | 1979 | 231580 |
| [observations on the behaviour of anti-hav antibodies (author's transl)]. | the behaviour of anti-hav antibodies was studied in the following conditions: a) a sample group of 2645 subjects from a healthy population; b) a group of 32 subjects with previous hb-ag negative viral hepatitis; c) 12 cases of acute virus a hepatitis; d) a group of 18 anti-hav positive women at the end of their pregnancies the antibodies were thus also studied in the funicular blood and in the newborn babies. the results showed: a) high reactivity (78%) of the healthy population to anti-hav's; b ... | 1978 | 231796 |
| fecal excretion of hepatitis a virus in humans. | to define more completely the period of fecal excretion of virus during hepatitis a virus infection, we studied 24 fecal samples from six children with clinical illness during an epidemic of type a hepatitis. as determined by immune electron microscopy, the six patients had detectable viral excretion before or by the time of the first abnormality in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase). viral excretion reached a peak early and declined to undetectable levels before leve ... | 1977 | 193999 |
| the antibody response following hepatitis a infection. | a specific igm response to hepatitis a virus was detected in sera from patients suffering acute hepatitis a infection. the presence of virus-specific igm in 19s components of acute and early convalescent phase sera was detected by immune electron microscopy and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. the presence of virus-specific igm in whole serum specimens was demonstrated by indirect immunoferritin labeling. following acute infection, however, the major immunoglobulin response appears to be igg, since ... | 1977 | 195913 |