| antigenic analysis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis viruses (enterovirus type 70). | the antigenic characteristics of enterovirus type 70 (ev 70) were investigated by means of cross and kinetic neutralization tests (nt). twelve strains of ev 70 isolated in a period from 1971 to 1976 were analyzed using seven rabbit and one monkey hyper-immune sera. all the strains investigated were found to possess a common and prime variant antigens in varying proportions. accordingly, ev 70 isolates were devided intratypically into three antigenic sub groups; (1) prototype-like (four strain fr ... | 1979 | 94146 |
| enterovirus type 70 virion and intracellular proteins. | the proteins of purified enterovirus type 70 grown in rhabdomyosarcoma cells and the intracellular proteins at 4 to 5 h after infection have been examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. virions contained four proteins: p-1 (35,000, daltons) p-2 (28,000, daltons) p-3 (27,000, daltons) and p-4 (9,000 daltons). further, addition of zncl2 to infected cultures inhibited virus plaque development and interfered with post-translational cleavage. | 1976 | 178922 |
| acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis and enterovirus 70 in kenya. | the pandemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis that started in ghana in 1969 and spread to many countries in africa, asia and europe reached kenya in april 1971. from one patient virus was isolated. this was possibly the first strain ever isolated of enterovirus 70. identification took time and was finished long after the publication of isolation of the new virus in japan. cross neutralization tests with the virus from japan showed close relationship between the two. during a second epidemic ... | 1976 | 184568 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: a mixed virus outbreak among vietnamese refugees on guam. | in may 1975 the authors investigated an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis that affected an estimated 29,000 refugees from south vietnam who stayed on guam while en route to the united states. illness usually lasted6-10 days and was characterized by conjunctival injection (100%), lid edema (84%), eye irritation (81%) and subconjunctival hemorrhages (45%). conjunctival swabs and paired serum specimens on a limited number of patients implicated enterovirus 70 as a major etiologic agent ... | 1977 | 188334 |
| [enterovirus type 70, a pathogenic agent of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 188556 |
| virological and serological studies of neurological complications of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in thailand. | an extensive outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred from september to december 1974 in thailand. at least 29 patients with polio-like motor paralysis that complicated ahc were hospitalized in bangkok. paired or triplicate samples of serum from 16 patients were tested for neutralizing antibody to enterovirus type 70 (ev70). a significant rise in titer of antibody was found for two patients, and the other 14 had neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:512 without an ... | 1977 | 192809 |
| enteroviruses other than poliovirus. | the role of enteroviruses in certain specific disease--cardiac disease, nephritis, diabetes, and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--is examined. it has now been well documented that coxsackievirus b (types cb1 through cb5 but not cb6) is the main pathogen involved in various clinical forms of viral heart disease. coxsackievirus a (ca4 and ca16) and echovirus (types 9 and 22) may also be associated with viral heart disease. in regard to the etiologic role of enteroviruses in nephritis, pancreatitis, and ... | 1976 | 193602 |
| coxsackievirus a24 variant eh 24/70 and enterovirus type 70 in an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis--a preliminary report. | | 1977 | 200553 |
| effect of interferon, elevated temperature, and cell type on replication of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis viruses. | five strains of enterovirus type 70 (e 70) and four of coxsackievirus type a 24 (ca 24) were studied for their sensitivity to interferon (if), ability to induce if, replication at various temperatures, and adaptability to human and mouse cell cultures. we found that isolates ranged from 0.01 to 16 times as sensitive to fibroblast if as vesicular stomatitis virus, depending upon the cell type used and the multiplicity of infection. most of the isolates induced no detectable if; however, when indu ... | 1977 | 200562 |
| [isolation of enterovirus 70 during an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in algeria in 1973]. | the enterovirus 70 was isolated in algeria in 1973 during an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. the main epidemiological features were similar to those previously described in other countries: involvement of the adults especially, mainly those living in communities, irrelevance of the different socio-economical levels of the population. the spring waters may have played a role in the transmission of the disease. the virological study draws the attention on the optimal conditions for t ... | 1977 | 233461 |
| epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in freetown, sierra leone, in 1970. | epidemiological features of the epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in freetown, sierra leone, in 1970, are described. on the basis of hospital figures and a house-to -house survey of 0.9% of the population it is estimated that 50-53% of freetown's population suffered from the conjunctivitis in 20 weeks. though no causative agent was isolated, it is supposed, on the basis of the striking similarity with other outbreaks, that the epidemic was caused by enterovirus type 70. hospital figu ... | 1979 | 575380 |
| neutralizing monoclonal antibody against enterovirus-70 reacts with viral proteins 1c and 1d. | a library of murine monoclonal antibodies against the prototype enterovirus-70 (ev-70) strain, j670/71, was made for the purpose of studying the immunologically reactive determinants of the virus. each of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with several other strains of enterovirus-70 when tested by immunofluorescence. however, none of these monoclonal antibodies reacted with any other picornavirus tested. it was found that all of the monoclonal antibodies precipitated ev-70 viral proteins 1c and ... | 1990 | 1694428 |
| survival and disinfection of adenovirus type 19 and enterovirus 70 in ophthalmic practice. | in an experimental model designed to simulate actual clinical situations, the risk period of adenovirus type 19 (adv-19) and enterovirus 70 (ev-70) transmission by contaminated instruments has been investigated, as well as the effective methods of disinfection against these viruses. no ev-70 could be detected 6 hours after inoculation on applanation tips contaminated with viruses and naturally dried, indicating that drying the instruments and keeping them in a moisture-free environment is a conv ... | 1990 | 1964482 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of enterovirus type 70: relationships with other members of the picornaviridae. | enterovirus type 70 (ev70) is the causative agent of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis and may also give rise to a rare neurological complication closely resembling poliomyelitis. the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of ev70 has been determined from cdna cloned in escherichia coli. the genome consists of a 5' non-coding region of 726 nucleotides (nt), a long open reading frame of 6582 nt and a 3' non-coding region of 82 nt prior to the poly(a) tract. comparison of the nucleotide sequen ... | 1990 | 2172447 |
| [viral diseases of the outer eye--rapid diagnosis by immunohistochemistry]. | rapid diagnosis of viral diseases of the outer eye was attempted by means of immunohistochemical methods. specimens were obtained with a nitrocellulose membrane, used as a blotter of immunoblotting test. an impression of the corneal or conjunctival surface was obtained by anesthetizing the eye and lightly pressing the membrane against the tissues. in some cases, scraping materials were taken on a slide glass. viral antigens in the specimens were detected by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) method ... | 1990 | 2278234 |
| in vitro and in vivo antipicornavirus activity of some phenoxypyridinecarbonitriles. | nineteen phenoxypyridinecarbonitriles were initially evaluated for their in vitro activity against rhinoviruses (rv) 1a, 2, and 64 and coxsackievirus (cox) a21 and for their oral prophylactic and therapeutic activity in swiss albino mice challenged with cox a21. on the basis of the results of these studies, one compound, 6-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-3-(ethylthio)-2-pyridinecarbonitrile, was selected for further evaluation. expanded in vitro spectrum of activity studies showed that the mic causing a 5 ... | 1985 | 2417545 |
| nucleic acid sequence relationships between enterovirus serotypes. | forty-eight different enterovirus serotypes were analysed by a nucleic-acid hybridization test using probes derived from the 3' end of coxsackievirus a21 (ca21) and b3 (cb3), poliovirus 3 (p3) and enterovirus 70 (e70). more than 90% of the serotypes could be detected with this collection of reagents. the cb3 probe reacted with all the coxsackie b viruses, with all three poliovirus serotypes, and with almost all of the 30 echo virus types tested. in addition some of the coxsackie a viruses and th ... | 1987 | 2456458 |
| an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70 in jeddah during 1985. | seventy-five cases of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (a.h.c.) were subjected to full ophthalmic, bacteriological, virological, serological as well as cytological examinations. the majority of cases presented with bilateral conjunctivitis (70 out of 75). although follicular reaction was the earliest sign, yet subconjunctival haemorrhages were the most constant findings in all the cases. enterovirus 70 was isolated in 57 cases from conjunctival swabs and in 43 cases from serum samples. compleme ... | 1989 | 2520150 |
| genetic diversity of enterovirus subgroups. | enterovirus serotypes were studied using nucleic acid hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis. a great majority of enteroviruses could be roughly divided into two larger subgroups the first consisting of poliovirus and certain coxsackievirus a serotypes. the second subgroup included coxsackie b viruses, most echo viruses, enterovirus 71 and representatives of coxsackie a viruses. enterovirus 70 showed low homology to the viruses in both groups. interestingly, echo virus 22 failed to react ... | 1989 | 2539795 |
| conjunctivitis in rabbits caused by enterovirus type 70 (ev70). | a rabbit enterovirus 70 (ev70) model infection that closely mimics human enteroviral conjunctivitis was developed. conjunctivitis occurred 24 hr following topical application of ev70. the conjunctivitis was characterized by tearing, redness, swelling of the eye lids, follicles in the superior palpebral conjunctiva, and dilatation of subconjunctival blood vessels. histologic examination of conjunctival and corneal tissue taken 1 and 2 days after infection revealed numerous punctate areas devoid o ... | 1986 | 2423475 |
| virus-specific, early appearing neutralizing activity and interferon in tears of patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | virus-specific, early appearing neutralizing activities (ena) and interferon (ifn) were detected in tears collected from patients during epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc). in one study, ena that neutralized enterovirus type 70 (ev70) was detected in tears collected from 114 of 130 ahc patients in florida. in another study, ena against coxsackievirus type a24 (ca24) was detected in tears collected from 39 of 57 patients in singapore with ahc caused by ca24. no tear samples conta ... | 1985 | 2410189 |
| acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis: seroepidemiology of coxsackievirus a24 variant and enterovirus 70 in singapore. | epidemics of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v) and enterovirus 70 (ev70) have occurred periodically in singapore. a seroepidemiological survey conducted before the ca24v epidemic in 1985 and in the midst of the ev70 epidemic in 1983 showed a neutralising antibody prevalence (greater than or equal to 1:4) of 19.1% and 66.9% to ca24v and ev70, respectively. the seropositivity rate to both viruses was highest in children 10-14 years of age, but no s ... | 1990 | 2167946 |
| enterovirus and enterovirus infections. | an account of the nature of enterovirus and enterovirus infections with special reference to experiences encountered in singapore is presented. the most common of enterovirus epidemic diseases since 1970 is acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant and enterovirus type 70. enterovirus of various serotypes were isolated from a wide range of illnesses varying in severity throughout the year. | 1987 | 2833150 |
| [serodiagnosis of enterovirus 70 and 71 infection]. | | 1990 | 2162426 |
| isolation of enterovirus 70 (ev70) from patients with acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in two areas of saudi arabia. | this is the first epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) reported from saudi arabia in which enterovirus 70 (ev70) was implicated as aetiological agent. ev70 was isolated from 5 of 29 conjunctival scrapings from patients with ahc. two human diploid cell lines, human skin fibroblast (hsf) and human embryonic lung fibroblast (mrc-5), were quite sensitive for the isolation of this virus. the relatively high isolation rate could also be attributed to the timing of collection of specimen ... | 1990 | 2161133 |
| an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in kaduna, nigeria. | clinical studies were carried out on two groups of patients with acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) during an epidemic in 1985 in northern nigeria. group 1 consisted of 99 students attending a girls' boarding school, group 2 of 200 patients selected randomly from 1000 examined at the local clinic. moderate to severe hyperaemia and papillary responses were present in the palpebral conjunctiva of all patients, and 234 (66%) had subconjunctival haemorrhages. transient superficial punctate kera ... | 1990 | 2155654 |
| [enterovirus 70 in the metropolitan region of são paulo, brazil, from 1984 to 1987: infection aspects in endemic and epidemic periods]. | results of investigation about enterovirus-70 (ev-70) as an etiologic agent of epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) and neurological disease in the metropolitan area of são paulo city are presented. during the first three months of 1984, in an epidemic period of ahc, 3 groups with a total of 291 persons were studied. the group a included 90 individuals affected by ahc; the 99 persons belonging to group b did not acquire the ahc but referred familiar contact with the ill individual ... | 1990 | 1966917 |
| a study on guillain barre' syndrome for evidence of infection with enterovirus 70. | | 1988 | 2852700 |
| [rapid diagnosis of enterovirus 70 infection by detection of igm antibodies with a biotin-avidin elisa]. | a biotin-avidin immunoassay was developed to detect igm antibodies to enterovirus 70 (ev70) in sera from patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. biotinylated monoclonal antibody to ev70 and horseradish peroxidase-streptavidin were used in an indirect igm capture elisa. 40 acute- and convalescent-phase serum pairs were tested and 34 sera (85.0%) in the convalescent phase were positive for igm antibodies. the positive rate of the method was much higher than that of the non-biotin-avidin sy ... | 1990 | 1963756 |
| study on enterovirus 70: age distribution of neutralizing antibody and some characteristics of the virus. | | 1985 | 2991419 |
| monoclonal anti-idiotypes induce neutralizing antibodies to enterovirus 70 conformational epitopes. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the prototype enterovirus 70 (ev-70) strain j670/71 were generated and characterized in order to produce anti-idiotypic mabs (mab2s) for use as surrogate immunogens. western immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation assays suggested that all the mabs recognize conformational epitopes on the virion surface. an ev-70-neutralizing antibody, mab/ev-12 (mab1), was selected for the production of mab2s. five mab2s were selected for their capacities to inhibit ... | 1992 | 1382141 |
| enterovirus-70 antigen in spinal cord cells of patients with poliomyelitis-like illness. | | 1986 | 3009320 |
| an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackie a24 variant. | an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by a variant of coxsackie a24 (cox a24) occurred in delhi during august to september 1988. cox a24 antigen was detected by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) in conjunctival cell smears of 13 of the 38 (34.2%) patients studied. virus was isolated from conjunctival swabs in 11 (28.9%) patients and all isolates were neutralized by cox a24 antiserum. five virus strains sent to virology division of centres for disease control, atlanta, usa ... | 1992 | 1337897 |
| long-term observation of neutralization antibody after enterovirus 70 infection. | there is the need for more information on the persistence of the immune response to enterovirus 70 (ev70) infection. in august 1984, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred at a nursing home in sapporo, japan. during the subsequent 7 years, we have monitored the neutralization antibody of ev70 in 13 patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and 15 persons with subclinical ev70 infection among the 108 persons in the nursing home. during the first one to two years, the neutra ... | 1992 | 1337761 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70 in american samoa: serum-neutralizing antibodies and sex-specific protection. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70 has caused extensive outbreaks in tropical areas since 1969. between december 1, 1990, and march 4, 1991, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70 occurred in american samoa, where an outbreak due to the same agent had occurred in 1981. a survey of 5% of the households (134 households, 1,095 individuals) was conducted throughout the island of tutuila. the outbreak affected 58% of the population, with age-specific ... | 1992 | 1337662 |
| [rapid diagnosis of enterovirus 70 using pcr method]. | | 1992 | 1328718 |
| [an etiology study on the 1986 epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in china]. | an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) broke out in shanghai, henan and fujian provinces of china in 1986. twenty four strains of etiologically suspected virus were then isolated but not correctly identified. in 1990 9 out of 24 strains from these three places were re-examined by us in our laboratory, and found feasible to be neutralized by ca 24v antiserum, but not by antiserum to ev 70 as once reported by henan. it was also found that these viruses (one strain from each of these ... | 1992 | 1327682 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, an infection caused by enterovirus 70 and a variant of coxsackievirus a24, is characterized by the rapid onset of severely painful conjunctivitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage. the condition is usually benign and resolves in five to seven days; however, a polio-like paralysis (radiculomyelitis) develops in approximately one in 10,000 patients infected with enterovirus 70. no treatment is available. information about acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis should be pr ... | 1992 | 1309404 |
| serosurvey for "acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis" virus (enterovirus 70) antibodies in the southeastern united states, with review of the literature and some epidemiologic implications. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) has been epidemic throughout much of the eastern hemisphere since its emergence in central west africa in 1969. the disease had a distinctive clinical picture and an unusual geographic epidemiology. between 1969 and 1975 ahc has occurred almost exclusively in crowded coastal areas of tropical countries during hot, rainy seasons. only a few documented outbreaks have occurred in inland cities and in subtropical or temperate climate zones. of 1014 residents of ... | 1975 | 1202955 |
| acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis & paralytic illness due to enterovirus 70 in 1984. | | 1986 | 3733197 |
| a coxsackievirus type a24 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis. | the 1975 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis was caused by the return of s.e.c. 1970 virus (ca24). the clinical manifestations of cases seen in the recent epidemic were similar to those seen during the 1970 epidemic caused by s.e.c. 1970 virus (ca24) and the 1971 epidemic caused by s.e.c. 1971 virus (entero-virus type 70). in our opinion, both the s.e.c. 1970 virus (ca24) and s.e.c. 1971 virus (enterovirus type 70) are equally important causes of epidemics of acute conjunctivitis more commonly know ... | 1976 | 1027096 |
| an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in yugoslavia in 1973. | an outbreak of approximately 200 cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is described in prekmurje, a northern province in yugoslavia. the epidemic was caused by enterovirus type 70, serologically identical with the causative agents of similar outbreaks in london and japan. the origin of the outbreak could not be elucidated but a link was seen between this case and a small outbreak in veenendaal in the netherlands. | 1975 | 239379 |
| hemoagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests with enterovirus type 70. | human type "o," guinea pig, and chicken erythrocytes were agglutinated by enterovirus type 70 at 4 degrees c or room temperature. a hemagglutination inhibition test, using human "o" erythrocytes, is described for the serological diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus type 70. | 1978 | 209057 |
| replication of enterovirus 70 in non-primate cell cultures. | replication of the strain j 670/71 of enterovirus 70 (ev70) in non-primate cell cultures at 33 degrees c was studied using strain l (mouse), bhk21 (hamster), rk13 (rabbit), rk17 (rabbit), pk15 (porcine), ib-rs-2 (porcine), esk (porcine), mdbk (bovine), and bk1 (primary bovine) together with that of the lsc, 2ab strain of poliovrus type 1 (pv1) as a control. all the cells tested adsorbed from 54 to 90% of ev70. the replication with complete c.p.e. was evident in rk13, rk17 and bk1 cells; replicat ... | 1977 | 199690 |
| acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in hong kong 1971-1975. | acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in epidemic in hong kong in 1971 and 1975 respectively. two picornaviruses, the enterovirus type 70 and an antigenic variant of coxsackie virus type a24, were isolated during the 1971 outbreak, while only the latter virus was detected in the 1975 outbreak. in 1972 and 1974, sporadic cases of conjunctivitis associated with enterovirus type 70 were observed. serological survey in late 1975 showed a high proportion of the population might still be suscepti ... | 1977 | 196351 |
| study of an outbreak of epidemic conjunctivitis in delhi in 1986. | an epidemic of acute conjunctivitis occurred in delhi during july-september 1986. the clinical presentation in total of 350 patients were characteristic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc). bacterial cultures from conjunctival swabs were sterile in 85 out of 105 (80%) patients, virus cultures in vero and hela cells were negative in 30 patients. however, conjunctival scrapes from 20/30 (66.7%) patients showed specific cytoplasmic fluorescence with enterovirus 70 (ev 70) antiserum, suggesti ... | 1989 | 2632413 |
| an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in american samoa caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant. | between may 25 and july 5, 1986, an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis affected an estimated 47% of the population on american samoa. coxsackievirus a24 variant was isolated from 18 of 22 patients. this is the first documented outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24 variant outside of southeast asia and the indian subcontinent. when this outbreak was compared with an outbreak on the island in 1981-1982 caused by enterovirus 70, conjunctival hemorrhage or ... | 1989 | 2556026 |
| a temperature-sensitive defect of enterovirus 70 is located at the uridylylation of the genome-linked protein vpg in vitro. | the temperature-sensitive phenotype of enterovirus 70 (ev70) was examined by use of an in-vitro rna replication system derived from a membrane fraction (crude replication complex, crc) of ev70-infected hela cells. this system was capable of synthesizing the nucleotidyl proteins vpg-pu and vpg-pupu. formation of these nucleotidyl proteins was completely abolished when the in-vitro reaction was performed at the nonpermissive temperature for virus replication. considering our previous observation t ... | 1989 | 2554583 |
| [an etiological study of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in beijing area in 1984]. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) has been widespread in china since 1971. an etiological survey of the sporadic outbreak in beijing was done in 1984. conjunctival swabs and sera were collected at the eye clinic of peking union medical college hospital and 10 strains of virus were isolated from 46 cases by culture on the hela cell line. 8 strains were identified as enterovirus 70 by homologous antiserum j 670/71 obtained from the california state laboratory of viral and rickettsial diseases ... | 1989 | 2547550 |
| epidemiology of viral infections in singapore. | as singapore is a densely populated island, and also a major air and sea port, the importation and dissemination of viral infections is facilitated. respiratory viral infections have the highest prevalence rates, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) being the most important ones. seasonal variation occurs with influenza, rsv and parainfluenza virus type 1 infections. the age distribution and clinical picture associated with infections due to the various respiratory viruses are similar ... | 1987 | 2825585 |
| antibody titres to enterovirus type 70 in the 1981 indian epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | | 1981 | 6117698 |
| outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackie a24 variant--taiwan. | outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70 and several serotypes of adenovirus have occurred in taiwan since 1971. in 1980-1981, there was a pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southeast asia caused by coxsackie a24 variant (ca24v); however, this virus did not affect taiwan. in october 1985, ca24v was isolated for the first time from patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southern taiwan. the following summer, a large epidemic of acute hemorrhag ... | 1988 | 2833097 |
| an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in the city of sao paulo. | this is a clinical and laboratory report on 98 patients with acute viral conjunctivitis who were referred to the eye clinic of the escola paulista de medicina of sao paulo, brazil, from february 1983 to february 1984. it was planned with the objective of confirming the importance of adenovirus and enterovirus 70 as etiological agents of viral conjunctivitis. the occurrence of an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis during the summer of 1984 permitted a better study of enterovirus 70. in ... | 1987 | 2834590 |
| an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackie virus type a24 variant in japan. | an outbreak of acute conjunctivitis due to coxsackie virus a24 (ca24) occurred in okinawa, the southernmost island of japan, from 1985 to 1986. from conjunctival scrapings of 85 acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis patients, 39 isolates identified as an antigenic variant of ca24 were obtained and then cultured in hela cells. paired sera taken from these patients with acute conjunctivitis in okinawa were also tested against enterovirus 70 (ev70) and ca24 and showed rises in neutralizing antibodies to ... | 1988 | 2842526 |
| spread of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus-70: effect of air temperature and relative humidity on virus survival on fomites. | enterovirus 70 (ev-70) has caused at least two pandemics and several major epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) in the past 18 years, with the largest number of cases occurring in the coastal areas of the tropics. the exact means of its spread are not known, but fomites and hands contaminated by them are the most likely vehicles. we, therefore, tested ev-70 survival under different environmental conditions using stainless steel disks (1 cm diameter). each disk received 10 microlit ... | 1988 | 2844979 |
| characterization of vp1 as immunodominant antigen of enterovirus type 70 and antigenic analysis of virus strains by monoclonal antibodies. | | 1988 | 2847900 |
| ethanethiol sensitive & resistant antibodies to enterovirus 70 in post-conjunctivitis neurological syndromes. | | 1985 | 2991136 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus type 70: an epidemic in american samoa. | from december 1981 to february 1982, an estimated 22,000 cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by enterovirus type 70 (ev 70) occurred among samoan and non-samoan residents of american samoa. the overall attack rate was estimated to be 68%. samoans of all ages resident in traditional housing and of large family size were at greatest risk of acquiring ahc, while non-samoan adults resident in western style housing were at lowest risk. epidemiologic aspects of ahc acquisition were ... | 1985 | 2994502 |
| evolution of enterovirus 70 in nature: all isolates were recently derived from a common ancestor. | the data of large rnase t1-resistant oligonucleotide mapping of enterovirus 70 (ev 70) previously reported (takeda et al., virology 134, 375-388, 1984) were subjected to further genetical analysis to estimate the evolutionary rate of genome rna of ev 70 and to clarify the phylogenetic relationship among isolates. a proportion of common spots between strains decreased as the year elapsed and eventually, only seven spots were common to all the 16 isolates tested, indicating that the substitution i ... | 1986 | 3013125 |
| isolation of enterovirus 70 from patient with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis-- key west, florida. | | 1981 | 6270522 |
| isolation of enterovirus 70 from patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in key west, florida. | | 1981 | 6273726 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southeast asian refugees arriving in the united states--isolation of enterovirus 70. | during july-september 1980, an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in several refugee camps and transit centers in southeast asia. of 2,356 refugees examined in bangkok, 200 (8.5%) had conjunctivitis, including 116 (58%) with hemorrhagic signs. because increasing numbers of refugees were arriving in the united states with conjunctivitis, a program of surveillance and control was implemented. enterovirus 70, not previously reported from patients in the western hemisphere, ... | 1982 | 6282147 |
| viral conjunctivitis with special reference to adenovirus type 37 and enterovirus 70 infection. | the clinical and etiological findings in 727 patients with viral conjunctivitis treated from january 1982 through december 1984 at aoki eye clinic in sapporo, japan, were presented. the age of the patients ranged from 11 days to 88 years, and the monthly incidences of the disease from 18 to 131 cases, with a clustering in the summer season. the etiological diagnosis was established in 399 (54.9%) of the 727 patients: adenovirus (ad) 3 in 45 cases; ad4 in 98 cases; ad8 in 57 cases; ad19 in 23 cas ... | 1986 | 3020290 |
| enterovirus type 70-neutralizing igm in animal sera. | the neutralizing activity against human enterovirus type 70 was found in serum samples from normal cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine and chickens raised in japan. the frequency was variable depending upon animal species and the year of bleeding. the neutralizing activity in bovine sera was shown to reside in igm by sucrose gradient centrifugation and immune gel electrophoresis. these findings suggested that the neutralizing substance in domestic animal sera is the antibody of igm class elicite ... | 1982 | 6287063 |
| neuraminidase-sensitive erythrocyte receptor for enterovirus type 70. | enterovirus type 70 (ev70) agglutinated human 'o' erythrocytes at 4 degrees c as well as 22 degrees c, but visible agglutination was lost when warmed at 37 degrees c although the virus remained attached to the surface of the erythrocyte. the receptor sites for the virus were neuraminidase-sensitive. a direct involvement of sialic acid on the cell surface in virus-cell interaction was confirmed by the fact that the presence of fetuin or free n-acetylneuraminic acid inhibited the haemagglutinating ... | 1982 | 6294226 |
| isolation of enterovirus 70 during conjunctivitis epidemic in delhi in 1981. | | 1982 | 6299938 |
| outbreak of enterovirus 70 conjunctivitis in bangladesh--1981. | | 1983 | 6306874 |
| oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of enterovirus 70 isolates from the 1980 to 1981 pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: evidence for a close genetic relationship among asian and american strains. | enterovirus 70 isolates obtained in asia and the americas between 1980 and 1981 from cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis were found to be very closely related by rnase t1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting. two closely related isolates from the first acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic (1969 to 1972) differed by many oligonucleotides from the 1980 to 1981 pandemic strains. the strong similarities of oligonucleotide patterns of isolates from the same epidemic but from distant regions of t ... | 1983 | 6307877 |
| a recent epidemic of coxsackie virus type a24 acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in singapore. | a recent epidemic of acute conjunctivitis in singapore showed again the importance of coxsackie virus type a24 variant as a causative agent of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc). although the ocular manifestations appeared similar to those described for the 1970 and 1975 outbreaks, a markedly higher rate of respiratory involvements was noted. not observed in previous epidemics were herpes-like vesicles in the conjunctiva and eyelids of one patient and vesicles in the buccal mucosa and lips ... | 1986 | 3024697 |
| immunofluorescence test for the epidemiological monitoring of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis cases. | an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in and around chandigarh, north india, during june, july and august 1981. considering the difficulty of virus isolation, the indirect immunofluorescence test was used for the demonstration of virus-specific antigen in the cytoplasm of exfoliated conjunctival cells, using reference antisera. the epidemic appeared to be primarily due to enterovirus type 70. the method was found suitable for the rapid diagnosis of ahc cases and for det ... | 1983 | 6309424 |
| tonometer disinfection and viruses. | tonometer disinfectants in current use are frequently inactive against viruses and enable transfer of infection between patients. we selected sodium hypochlorite as a readily available alternative which is active against viruses and bacteria. at 500 p.p.m. it destroys herpes simplex, adenovirus 8, and enterovirus 70 within 10 minutes. a simple technique is described which is clinically acceptable and has been in daily use for one year. | 1983 | 6311241 |
| diagnosis of enterovirus 70 infection by demonstration of igm antibodies. | since outbreaks of severe acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occur worldwide [hierholzer and hatch, 1985] and the majority of the epidemics are caused by enterovirus 70 (ev-70), we developed an ev-70 igm elisa to simplify the diagnosis of these outbreaks. the test is based on the capture antibody technique and the use of monoclonal antibodies to ev-70. we detected ev-70 igm antibodies in 55% of 76 convalescent-phase sera from an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in a brazilian community ... | 1987 | 3035070 |
| [establishment of hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against enterovirus 70]. | | 1987 | 3040351 |
| [prospective study of cases of acute viral conjunctivitis in the city of são paulo. characterization of enterovirus 70 (acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis)]. | | 1986 | 3491391 |
| sporadic cases of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus type 70. | | 1983 | 6365756 |
| neurological complications of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | forty four cases of the neurological complications of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) seen in india during 1981 epidemic are reported. the disease predominantly affected adult males. the preceding attack of ahc, a latent period, prodromal symptoms of fever, myalgia and root pains followed by acute onset of lower motor neurone paralysis of limbs and/or cranial nerves formed the classical picture of neurological involvement. the recovery was poor and nearly half of the patients remained se ... | 1986 | 3701374 |
| neurological complications following acute viral conjunctivitis: a new profile. | a study of eleven patients presenting with neurological complications following acute viral conjunctivitis, mostly haemorrhagic, is reported and the literature reviewed. a guillain-barre syndrome-like profile was seen in six patients while the remaining had features of radiculomyelitis. besides asymmetrical neurological deficits, protein cell reaction and residual muscle wasting, the occurrence of dysautonomias was the striking feature noted in the patients with a guillain-barre syndrome-like pr ... | 1986 | 3750388 |
| [radiculomyelitis following acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70. report of the 1st corroborated case in america]. | | 1984 | 6494503 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic in colon, republic of panama. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis has caused numerous outbreaks throughout africa and asia since it was first recognized in 1969 but did not involve the new world until 1981. this unprecedented outbreak reached colon, panama during august 1981 and by october 8,401 cases had been reported (14% of colon's population). in october the gorgas memorial laboratory and ministry of health conducted a survey in colon to collect descriptive data on household living units, epidemiologic and clinical data fro ... | 1986 | 3946379 |
| [studies on biological characteristics of enterovirus type 70 (ev 70)]. | enterovirus type 70 (ev 70) is a new type of enterovirus, which is a causative agent of "acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis" (ahc). it appeared for the first time in ghana in 1969, and occurred in japan in 1971. the optimal temperature for growth of ev 70 is 33-35 degrees c, and lower than that of other enteroviruses. ninety two isolates of ev 70 were investigated to know the biological characteristics. isolates were obtained in japan and foreign countries in africa, asia and europe in 1971-1981, ... | 1984 | 6090289 |
| genetic relationship between two enteroviruses causing the acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis syndrome. | the genetic relationship between two enteroviruses causing the acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) syndrome was examined by the rna-rna hybridization technique. nucleotide sequence homology between the j670/71 strain of enterovirus type 70 (ev70) and the eh 24/70 strain of singapore epidemic conjunctivitis (sec) virus was found to be only 2% or less of the total rna genome, while more than 90% homology was detected between the prototype (j670/71) and other isolates of ev70. the results indica ... | 1984 | 6090340 |
| detection of enterovirus 70 with monoclonal antibodies. | to improve the ability to identify enterovirus-70 (ev-70) from patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, we developed four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to ev-70. we reacted the four mabs against nine previously characterized strains of ev-70 and heterologous viruses by virus neutralization, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). two of the mabs neutralized all nine strains of ev-70 and none of the other enterovirus types tested. two of the mabs gave a p ... | 1984 | 6092426 |
| adult polio-like syndrome following enterovirus 70 conjunctivitis (natural history of the disease). | during the indian ev 70 conjunctivitis epidemic in 1981, 79 patients with neurological complications were evaluated by clinical, electrophysiological, histopathological and virological studies. the disease was heralded by an attack of conjunctivitis and was followed, after a variable latent period, by a pre-paralytic, paralytic, and post-paralytic stage of slow recovery. the above events occurred in an orderly sequence. the paralysis affected the cranial nerves, limbs or both. the clinical cours ... | 1983 | 6880605 |
| evolution of enterovirus type 70: oligonucleotide mapping analysis of rna genome. | different isolates of enterovirus type 70 (ev70) taken between 1971 and 1981 were studied by molecular biological methods to elucidate their evolutional change. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that only a few isolates had a slight alteration in mobility in some viral proteins. on the contrary, oligonucleotide mapping of virion rna could clearly delineate the molecular changes among isolates. the number of base changes of isolates became greater as the years elaps ... | 1984 | 6100574 |
| enterovirus 70 haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in zäire, 1981 versus 1972. | | 1981 | 6118513 |
| neurological manifestation of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70. | | 1981 | 6118693 |
| neurovirulence of enterovirus 70. | | 1982 | 6120353 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in west africa. iii. studies with animal sera from ghana and senegal. | one hundred and thirty-nine bovine sera collected in senegal in 1968 and 1969, before the human pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), and 145 sera collected in 1977, seven years after the introduction of ahc, were tested for virus neutralizing (vn) titers against enterovirus 70 (ev70) in neutralization tests. positive rates of vn titers (1:16) were fairly constant (about 40%) in 1968 and 1969 but the proportion of positives from the 1977 collection was significantly higher (61%). t ... | 1981 | 7304572 |
| an application of factor analytics on antigenic drift, and chromatographic analysis on intratypic variation of enterovirus type 70. | an attempt was made to reveal the antigenic determinant site of enterovirus (ev) 70 by application of harman's factor analytics. the normalized neutralization rate constant (nk) values obtained by the kinetic-neutralization tests (nt) with 12 strains of ev70 isolated during the period from 1971 to 1976 were used in the principal factor analysis. from the analytic results, it was suggested that at least two antigenic determinant sites, composing to variable antigenic factor (vaf) and common one ( ... | 1980 | 6162978 |
| characterization of a temperature-sensitive defect of enterovirus type 70. | the mechanism of the failure of enterovirus type 70 to replicate at a nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees c) was investigated, and the following results were obtained. (i) viral rna synthesis was not observed at 39 degrees c in llc-mk2 cells, in accordance with our previous findings with primary monkey kidney cells (miyamura et al., intervirology 9:206-213, 1978). (ii) shutoff of host cell macromolecular synthesis by virus infection was as efficient at 39 degrees c as at a permissive temperatu ... | 1982 | 6183448 |
| antibody and interferon act synergistically to inhibit enterovirus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus infection. | the possibility that interferon (ifn) and antibody could act together to reduce virus yields in infected cells was suggested by the simultaneous occurrence of ifn and antibody at infected sites. in the present in vitro studies, mixtures of ifns and antibody acted synergistically to reduce virus yields in cultures infected with coxsackievirus a24, enterovirus 70, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus. this synergistic reduction was observed in different cells and at different concentration of ifn ... | 1983 | 6190753 |
| quantitation of enterovirus 70 antibody by microneutralization test and comparison with standard neutralization, hemagglutination inhibition, and complement fixation tests with different virus strains. | we describe here a microneutralization procedure for conveniently testing large numbers of specimens for antibodies to enterovirus 70. the test utilized human rhabdomyosarcoma cells and was read by staining with crystal violet after 4 days of incubation. the test compares well with other serological assays, being more sensitive than the standard tube neutralization test and the complement fixation test, but less sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition test. however, the hemagglutination i ... | 1984 | 6206088 |
| isolation of a variant of enterovirus 70 from a patient during an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in pune in 1991. | we report on the isolation of enterovirus 70 (ev-70) in pune, india in 1991. the isolate was identified by the neutralization and indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests. the isolate was found to be a prime type of the ev-70 (j670/71) which was isolated by kono and collaborators in 1971 (kono et al., 1974). | 1994 | 7879718 |
| the soriano award lecture. emerging infections of the nervous system. | the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency disease [aids] has focused interest on the origins of "new" infectious agents. great plagues are well known from the distant past, but a number of novel diseases affecting the nervous system infections have emerged in recent years. the causes of such new disorders are diverse: whereas rapid mutations of microbes allow the evolution of truly novel agents, the appearance of new diseases is more often due to changes in human or vector populations or changes ... | 1994 | 7931418 |
| replication of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis viruses in conjunctival-corneal cell cultures of mice, rabbits, and monkeys. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) viruses--enterovirus type 70 (e70), and coxsackie-virus type a24 (ca24)--infect the superficial cells of the conjunctiva and cornea. we examined the growth of several e70 and ca24 isolates in monkey, rabbit, and mouse conjunctival and corneal (c/c) cells. we found that e70 isolates grew well in monkey (10(6.5) tcid50/ml), rabbit (10(4.5) to 10(5.5) tcid50/ml), and mouse (10(3.5) to 10(6.0) tcid50/ml) c/c cultures and caused cytopathic effects (cpe). in cont ... | 1980 | 6254904 |
| [a survey on enteroviruses-carrying status among healthy population in changle and wucheng counties of shandong province. shandong collaborative group of poliomyelitis]. | four-hundred and fourty-six faecal specimens sampled from healthy carriers between 0 and more than 20 year-old age groups in changle and wucheng counties of shandong province were collected from june to sept. of 1991. from them, 142 (31.84%) isolates of enteroviruses were obtained. there was no significant difference in the enteroviruses isolation rate between changle and wucheng. no poliovirus was isolated. among other enterovirus isolates, 85 were echoviruses, 6 coxsackieviruses, 9 enterovirus ... | 1993 | 8221841 |
| an epidemic of acute conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus-70 in singapore in 1980. | the clinical, epidemiological and virological findings of the 1980 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis were described. enterovirus 70 was isolated from 7 (35%) of 20 eye swabs submitted for virus isolation, and the paired sera of eight patients showed a four-fold or greater rise in neutralising antibody titre to enterovirus 70. the disease mainly affected children and young adults of all ethnic groups. most of the cases contracted the infection at home. the mean secondary attack rate was 72.6% and ... | 1981 | 6283679 |
| rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70. | during 1981-1982, epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in and around chandigarh, india. conjunctival swabs were taken from ahc cases and investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence method both in chandigarh and in houston. by using reference antiserum, both laboratories proved enterovirus type 70 to be the causative agent of the epidemics. the immunofluorescence test was evaluated as a rapid method for the diagnosis of ahc. | 1983 | 6307917 |
| characterization of enterovirus 70 isolates. | | 1984 | 6325552 |
| detection of enterovirus 70 by polymerase chain reaction in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | we have developed and applied reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of enterovirus 70 from conjunctival swabs of patients among the population of an acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic on okinawa, japan, in 1994. | 1996 | 8694103 |