| coxsackievirus a24 and acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in sri lanka. | | 1977 | 64877 |
| coxsackievirus a24 variant eh 24/70 and enterovirus type 70 in an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis--a preliminary report. | | 1977 | 200553 |
| demonstration of specific antibodies to a coxsackie-like virus in patients of a hepatitis outbreak. | lynchburg fecal virus (lfv), originally isolated from the stool of an infectious hepatitis patient, was passaged 15 times in wi-38 cells and partially characterized. its properties are as follows: rna virus; 27 nm in diameter, picornavirus-like morphology; inactivated at 56 c for 60 minutes; resistant to treatment with hydrochloric acid (ph 3.0), chloroform (33%), and diethyl ether (20%). neutralization studies indicated that lfv is antigenically related to coxsackievirus a-24 but not to prototy ... | 1979 | 223437 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, an infection caused by enterovirus 70 and a variant of coxsackievirus a24, is characterized by the rapid onset of severely painful conjunctivitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage. the condition is usually benign and resolves in five to seven days; however, a polio-like paralysis (radiculomyelitis) develops in approximately one in 10,000 patients infected with enterovirus 70. no treatment is available. information about acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis should be pr ... | 1992 | 1309404 |
| phylogenetic analysis of a coxsackievirus a24 variant: the most recent worldwide pandemic was caused by progenies of a virus prevalent around 1981. | nucleotide substitutions in the viral-encoded proteinase 3c (3cpro) region (549 nucleotides) of the rna genome of a coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v), one of the agents causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), were studied using 32 isolates collected from the eastern hemisphere in 1970-1989. based on regression analysis of nucleotide differences among isolates, the nucleotide substitution rate of ca24v 3cpro was estimated to be 3.7 x 10(-3)/nucleotide/year. a phylogenetic tree constructe ... | 1992 | 1312276 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of a variant of coxsackievirus a24, an agent causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for the cdnas that represent the rna genome of the standard strain of a variant of coxsackievirus a24, the eh24/70, one of the agents causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. the genome is 7461 nucleotide long and is polyadenylated at the 3'-end terminus. following a 750-nucleotide 5'-noncoding region, there was a long open reading frame of 6642 nucleotides, which serve to encode a viral polyprotein consisting of 2214 amino acids. comparison of th ... | 1992 | 1317075 |
| phylogenetically different strains of a variant of coxsackievirus a 24 were repeatedly introduced but discontinued circulating in japan. | variations in the nucleotide sequence of 3 c proteinase of coxsackievirus a 24 variant (ca 24 v) were analyzed to define the route of transmission and spread of the virus which was introduced to japan on three separate occasions, 1985-86, 1988, and 1989. the nucleotide sequences of isolates from the same year's outbreak in japan were identical or closely related, while the isolates from different outbreaks were less closely related to one another than to those from other countries in the same ye ... | 1992 | 1326259 |
| the nucleotide sequence of 3c proteinase region of the coxsackievirus a24 variant: comparison of the isolates in taiwan in 1985-1988. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) first appeared in taiwan in october 1985, followed by two other sequential epidemics in 1986 and 1988. in order to know the evolutionary relationship of the ca24v strains isolated in taiwan, we first determined the nucleotide sequence of the 3c proteinase (3cpro) region of the prototype strain (eh24/70), isolated in singapore in 1970, by molecular cloning. the nucleotide sequence of the 3cpro region thus sequenced show ... | 1991 | 1647565 |
| a study of the evolution of coxsackievirus a24 variant in ghana by viral rna fingerprinting analysis. | an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) was reported in accra, ghana in may 1987. we studied 7 of the viral strains collected from may to november, 1987, by rna genome fingerprinting. pairwise comparisons of the oligonucleotide maps showed that genetic similarity among them ranged from between 60.0 to 84.7%. using base sequence variations deduced from genetic similarity among the isolates, isolation time of the strains and the rate of n ... | 1991 | 2052752 |
| [study on rapid diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant]. | an pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by coxsackievirus a 24 variant (ca 24v) occurred in china in 1988. rapid diagnosis of ahc was investigated by immunofluorescence technique. the bacteria-free conjunctival swab samples were inoculated into hela cell monolayer. the virus-specific antigens in infected cells were examined by indirect immunofluorescence test. of 35 samples, 17 was identified as ca 24v. the results of isolation and typing could be obtained with in 5 days. fu ... | 1990 | 2167770 |
| acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis: seroepidemiology of coxsackievirus a24 variant and enterovirus 70 in singapore. | epidemics of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v) and enterovirus 70 (ev70) have occurred periodically in singapore. a seroepidemiological survey conducted before the ca24v epidemic in 1985 and in the midst of the ev70 epidemic in 1983 showed a neutralising antibody prevalence (greater than or equal to 1:4) of 19.1% and 66.9% to ca24v and ev70, respectively. the seropositivity rate to both viruses was highest in children 10-14 years of age, but no s ... | 1990 | 2167946 |
| evolutionary study on the coxsackievirus a 24 variant causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis by oligonucleotide mapping analysis of rna genome. | the evolution of the variant of coxsackievirus a 24 (ca 24 v) which causes acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was explored. using 15 isolates obtained from southeast asia during the period 1970-1986, the genetic distance between isolates was estimated from pairwise comparison of nucleotide changes deduced from common spots on oligonucleotide maps of the isolates. from regression analysis of the genetic distance and the time of isolation of the isolates, the evolutionary rate of ca 24 v was estimat ... | 1990 | 2171464 |
| [etiology of 1988 epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in beijing]. | an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in beijing during august-september in 1988. conjunctival swabs were collected from 50 ahc patients at the eye clinic of the peking union medical college hospital. 25 strains of viruses were isolated with hela cell cultures. all the viral isolates were identified as coxsackievirus a 24 variant (ca 24 v) with antiserum from the center for disease control, u. s. a. paired serum samples from 30 ahc patients were examined for neutralizing ... | 1990 | 2174765 |
| an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in american samoa caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant. | between may 25 and july 5, 1986, an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis affected an estimated 47% of the population on american samoa. coxsackievirus a24 variant was isolated from 18 of 22 patients. this is the first documented outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24 variant outside of southeast asia and the indian subcontinent. when this outbreak was compared with an outbreak on the island in 1981-1982 caused by enterovirus 70, conjunctival hemorrhage or ... | 1989 | 2556026 |
| [acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by a variant of coxsackievirus a24, in belém, pará, brazil, 1987]. | an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in belém, pará, brazil, was investigated. from 83 patients, 73 samples of virus was isolated in cultures of hep-2 cells from conjunctival swab and throat swab. the virus isolates were identified in centers for disease control, atlanta, georgia, usa, as an antigenic variant of coxsackievirus a24. neutralization test was done on 56 paired serum samples, using entero virus type 70 (ev70) and virus isolates. serological conversions for virus isolates ... | 1989 | 2559469 |
| acute non-haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24. | two cases of acute non-haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24 (ca24) are described. these are the first australian isolates. the presentation was as a severe conjunctivitis in otherwise healthy adults who had not travelled outside australia. the course was of short duration and self-limiting with no long-term sequelae. the isolates could not be neutralised by antiserum prepared against prototype ca24 but were identified by immune electron microscopy and complement fixation. | 1989 | 2560383 |
| epidemiology of viral infections in singapore. | as singapore is a densely populated island, and also a major air and sea port, the importation and dissemination of viral infections is facilitated. respiratory viral infections have the highest prevalence rates, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) being the most important ones. seasonal variation occurs with influenza, rsv and parainfluenza virus type 1 infections. the age distribution and clinical picture associated with infections due to the various respiratory viruses are similar ... | 1987 | 2825585 |
| enterovirus and enterovirus infections. | an account of the nature of enterovirus and enterovirus infections with special reference to experiences encountered in singapore is presented. the most common of enterovirus epidemic diseases since 1970 is acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant and enterovirus type 70. enterovirus of various serotypes were isolated from a wide range of illnesses varying in severity throughout the year. | 1987 | 2833150 |
| the first epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to a coxsackievirus a24 variant in okinawa, japan, in 1985-1986. | epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to a coxsackievirus a24 variant occurred in july-november, 1985 and august-october, 1986 in okinawa prefecture, japan. this is the first report of an acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic due to a coxsackievirus a24 variant in japan the epidemic involved most islands of the prefecture. the prefectural surveillance center was notified of 9,952 cases in 1985 and 6,096 cases in 1986 from three sentinel eye clinics. the neutralizing antibody-posi ... | 1988 | 2855085 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24--caribbean. | | 1987 | 3104763 |
| leads from the mmwr. acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24--caribbean. | | 1987 | 3586222 |
| antibody and interferon act synergistically to inhibit enterovirus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus infection. | the possibility that interferon (ifn) and antibody could act together to reduce virus yields in infected cells was suggested by the simultaneous occurrence of ifn and antibody at infected sites. in the present in vitro studies, mixtures of ifns and antibody acted synergistically to reduce virus yields in cultures infected with coxsackievirus a24, enterovirus 70, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus. this synergistic reduction was observed in different cells and at different concentration of ifn ... | 1983 | 6190753 |
| an outbreak of acute conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24 in kuala-lumpur, malaysia, 1978. | an investigation of an outbreak of acute conjunctivitis in kuala lumpur from may to august 1978 was made. a total of 2,133 cases was involved, most of whom were adult malay males of low income status from the surrounding villages and low-cost flats. the majority of cases had bilateral conjunctivitis with clear discharge. pain and subconjunctival haemorrhage were not common and recovery, mostly without complications, occurred within 1 week. eye scrapings and paired sera specimens were examined an ... | 1980 | 6250226 |
| an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24. | an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in 416 (10.8%) of 3,830 staff and students of the christian medical college and hospital in vellore, india, during september-december 1979 was studied. virus was isolated in cultures of hela cells from 171 of the 249 persons cultured. most of the viral isolates were identified as an antigenic variant of coxsackievirus a24. success in isolating the virus from conjunctival swabs was inversely proportional to the time elapsed between the onset of illn ... | 1982 | 6282991 |
| an epidemic of acute conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus-70 in singapore in 1980. | the clinical, epidemiological and virological findings of the 1980 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis were described. enterovirus 70 was isolated from 7 (35%) of 20 eye swabs submitted for virus isolation, and the paired sera of eight patients showed a four-fold or greater rise in neutralising antibody titre to enterovirus 70. the disease mainly affected children and young adults of all ethnic groups. most of the cases contracted the infection at home. the mean secondary attack rate was 72.6% and ... | 1981 | 6283679 |
| an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in central minnesota. | the only confirmed outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in the continental united states during 1982 occurred in brainerd, minnesota. the disease first appeared in a 27-year-old woman during a trip to tahiti. the patient's two daughters (8 months old and 3 years old) developed mild conjunctivitis two days later. although the symptoms of all three had completely resolved before they arrived in brainerd, illness compatible with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis developed in five other indiv ... | 1983 | 6624826 |
| sequence comparison of echovirus type 30 isolates to other enteroviruses in the 5'noncoding region. | the genetic relationship between echovirus type 30 (e30) isolates were characterised by means of amplification of a part of the 5'noncoding region by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. later, the e30 sequences were compared with other enteroviruses. homology between recent clinical e30 isolates from different years exceeds 98% at the nucleotide level. comparing the e30 sequence with other enteroviruses, homology varied between 68% (coxsackievirus a24) and 93% (coxsackievirus b3). e ... | 1995 | 7636503 |
| seroepidemiological study of coxsackievirus type a24 variant (ca24v) in taiwan. | in october 1985 and june 1986, for the first time, taiwan experienced two outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v). sera of virologically and clinically confirmed cases were studied together with the pre- and post-epidemic serum samples by the microneutralization method (cut-off titer, 1:8). the serum samples included 16 cases of virologically confirmed ahc and 18 cases of clinically diagnosed ahc which were collected during the period ... | 1994 | 7837321 |
| use of the colonic carcinoma cell line caco-2 for in vivo amplification and detection of enteric viruses. | the use of the continuous cell line caco-2 as an in vivo amplification system for the detection of fastidious human enteric viruses is reported. caco-2 cells showed an increased sensitivity to laboratory strains of group a rotavirus 3, reovirus 3, astrovirus 1, poliovirus 1, coxsackievirus a 24, enterovirus 70, and adenovirus 5, 40 and 41, when compared to a routine host cell line for each virus. nucleic acids from wild-type infectious rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus 40 in stool samples of ... | 1994 | 7852976 |
| molecular epidemiology of a variant of coxsackievirus a24 in taiwan: two epidemics caused by phylogenetically distinct viruses from 1985 to 1989. | in order to know the phylogenetic relationship and the route of transmission of a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v), an agent that caused four sequential outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis from 1985 to 1989 in taiwan, the nucleotide sequence variations in the virus-encoded proteinase 3c region (549 nucleotides) were studied with 19 isolates. the prototype strain (eh24/70), four isolates from japan, and two isolates from hong kong were used for comparison. the nucleotide sequences ... | 1993 | 8388888 |
| a recent epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | the coxsackievirus a24 variant was implicated in four of six major acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks in singapore since its discovery in 1970. hela cell suspension in 24-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates was a satisfactory alternative to monolayer cells grown in test tubes for virus isolation. respiratory illness occurred in 20 of 98 patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. apart from conjunctival secretions, respiratory and oral transmission of coxsackievirus a24 variant wo ... | 1993 | 8394649 |
| inhibition of the enteroviruses that cause acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) by benzimidazoles; enviroxime (ly 122772) and enviradone (ly 127123). | enviradone (evird, (e)-1-[(1-methylethyl) sulfonyl]-6-(1-phenyl-1-propenyl)-1 h- benzimidazole-2-amine) and enviroxime (evirx, 2-amino-1-(isopropyl-sulfonyl)-6-benzimidazole phenyl ketone oxime) inhibited enterovirus 70 (ev70) and coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) infection of conjunctival and laryngeal cells. on average, the continuous presence of 1-3 micrograms of evird or evirx/ml in cell cultures acutely infected with ev70 or ca24v inhibited virus production (> 2 log10 reduction) and 100% o ... | 1995 | 8540755 |
| intratypic genome variability of echovirus type 30 in part of the vp4/vp2 coding region. | the genetic relationship of 33 echovirus type 30 (e30) isolates associated with three different outbreaks of meningitis in norway and one outbreak in usa was assessed using direct sequencing of amplicons derived from a region covering part of the capsid proteins vp4 and vp2. the e30 sequences were compared to each other, and to other enteroviruses. less sequence variation was observed between the isolates from a single outbreak (2-3%) than between groups of isolates from different outbreaks (4-9 ... | 1996 | 8678835 |
| [detection of enterovirus 70 in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis by pcr-stringent microplate hybridization method]. | the surveillance of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by enterovirus 70 (ev70) is insufficient because of the difficulties of virus isolation using conventional methods. in this study, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and stringent microplate hybridization (smh) methods were assessed for the detection of ev70 in conjunctival swabs collected from the patients of ahc which broke out in miyazaki prefecture in 1990 and okinawa prefecture in 1994. furthermore, with ... | 1998 | 9545689 |
| development and use of nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of adenovirus from conjunctivitis specimens. | the standard virus isolation method for detecting adenovirus is time consuming and direct detection of viral antigens in smears has its limitations. therefore a rapid and a reliable method to identify virus in clinical specimens is desirable. | 1998 | 9784146 |
| genetic analysis of recent taiwanese isolates of a variant of coxsackievirus a24. | epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v) reappeared in taiwan in 1990 and 1994, following the first two epidemics of 1985--86 and 1988--89. to analyze the genetic diversity of recent ca24v in taiwan, 7 taiwanese strains isolated during the 1990--94 period were studied together with one japanese and two thai strains isolated in 1993. a fragment of 674 nucleotides between the carboxy terminal 3a and the amino terminal 3d polymerase, incl ... | 2001 | 11424114 |
| design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of pyridyl imidazolidinones: a novel class of potent and selective human enterovirus 71 inhibitors. | when skeletons of win compounds were used as templates, computer-assisted drug design led to the identification of a novel series of imidazolidinone derivatives with significant antiviral activity against enterovirus 71 (ev 71), the infection of which had resulted in about 80 fatalities during the 1998 epidemic outbreak in taiwan. in addition to inhibiting all the genotypes (a, b, and c) of ev 71 in the submicromolar to low micromolar range, compounds 1 and 8 were extensively evaluated against a ... | 2002 | 11931618 |
| [detection of serum antibody of coxsackievirus a24 variant]. | to observe the serum antibody in residents after outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by coxrackievirus (ca24 v). | 1999 | 12569766 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant, south korea, 2002. | in summer 2002, a nationwide outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in south korea. the etiologic agent was confirmed as coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) by virus isolation and sequencing of a part of the vp1 gene. phylogentic analysis, based on the protease 3c sequences, showed that the korean isolates were clustered into a lineage distinct from the ca24v isolates reported in previous outbreaks in asia. | 2003 | 12967504 |
| an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in melaka, malaysia. | this paper reports a second outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24 in peninsular malaysia. between june 2002 and early october 2003, 10,327 patients, comprising 3,261 children and 7,066 adults, were treated for acute conjunctivitis in 11 government health clinics in the melaka tengah district of the state of melaka. the figure grossly underestimates the size of the outbreak; as no patients treated in private clinics in the same district were included. institution ... | 2003 | 15024454 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak caused by coxsackievirus a24--puerto rico, 2003. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is an epidemic form of highly contagious conjunctivitis and is characterized by sudden onset of painful, swollen, red eyes, with conjunctival hemorrhaging and excessive tearing. since 1981, when ahc was first detected in the western hemisphere, three major epidemics had occurred until 2003, all affecting the caribbean. during august-october 2003, a fourth epidemic occurred in puerto rico (2000 population: 3.8 million). this report summarizes the outbreak in ... | 2004 | 15269699 |
| outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in french guiana and west indies caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant: phylogenetic analysis reveals asian import. | an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in french guiana between april and july 2003, with approximately 6,000 cases in the two major cities kourou and cayenne. since acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is not a notifiable disease in france, there was no registration of the number of cases. therefore, these were estimated by comparing the consumption of antibiotic eye drops and ophthalmic ointments during 2002 and 2003. the outbreak rapidly spread into the caribbean islands, causin ... | 2005 | 15714481 |
| rapid identification of the coxsackievirus a24 variant by molecular serotyping in an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | we evaluated the clinical applicability of a molecular serotyping method for determination of the cause of epidemic acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. seventy conjunctival swab specimens from individuals involved in a nationwide acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak were tested. viral culture and a molecular biology-based assay were compared by directly using clinical specimens. on the one hand, virus culture was done to isolate the enteroviruses, and serotyping was done by a coxsackievirus a ... | 2005 | 15750062 |
| enteroviruses as agents of emerging infectious diseases. | although the enteroviruses as a group are ubiquitous and not normally considered as "emerging pathogens," the many different serotypes circulate at different frequencies in any given year and the prevalence of a given serotype may fluctuate wildly from year to year. as a result, several enterovirus serotypes have been associated with the emergence of specific diseases (for example, pandemic acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis) and specific serotypes have emerged to cause outbreaks of major public h ... | 2005 | 16287683 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic caused by coxsackievirus a24 variants in korea during 2002-2003. | a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v) is one of the agents causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. there was an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by ca24v in korea from 2002 to 2003. seventy-one strains of ca24v were isolated from 159 conjunctival specimens (45%). most of the patients were school children under the age of 20. the epidemic began in the first week of august in 2002, and spread extensively, with a peak in the third week of september. ca24v strains were also is ... | 2006 | 16299722 |
| two outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in africa due to genotype iii coxsackievirus a24 variant. | reported here are two outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis that occurred in the democratic republic of the congo and in morocco in the summers of 2003 and 2004, respectively, with a large impact on public health. virus was isolated from the conjunctival swabs of 30 congolese and 20 moroccan patients. enterovirus-specific cytopathic effect was observed in all samples. none of the strains could be typed using a conventional neutralization assay with the melnick intersecting pools; however ... | 2007 | 17294159 |
| new enteroviruses, ev-93 and ev-94, associated with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo. | surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis often identifies enteroviruses not typeable by virus neutralization in cell culture. during 2000 and 2001, 186 isolates from 138 children with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo were sent for typing to the national reference centre for enteroviruses in lyon, france. the 5' utr of the viral genome could be amplified by pcr for 158 isolates from 114 patients. isolates from 89 patients were neutralizable, and contained non-polio e ... | 2007 | 17311342 |
| molecular characterisation of a coxsackievirus a24 that caused an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, tunisia 2003. | this study reports the genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus a24 isolates from tunisia, including a coxsackievirus a24 variant (cva24v) that caused an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) between september and november 2003. the virus genome was detected by pcr from conjunctival swabs obtained from patients with ahc. four virus isolates were obtained from pcr-positive samples and were serotyped by sequence analysis of the vp1 and vp4 genomic region and by seroneutralisation. p ... | 2007 | 17328730 |
| rapid diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24 variant by real-time one-step rt-pcr. | coxsackievirus a24 variant is, together with enterovirus 70 and adenoviruses, the major etiological agent involved in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks worldwide. however, the standard virus isolation method followed by serotyping or vp1 region sequencing is time-consuming. a rapid method for the detection of coxsackievirus a24 variant from conjunctival swab specimens would be useful in the context of explosive and extensive outbreaks. a one-step real-time rt-pcr assay based on taqman t ... | 2007 | 17328967 |
| viral investigation of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak (2003) in nepal using molecular methods. | a nationwide outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in nepal during august to september 2003, which affected nearly half of the population. sixty conjunctival swabs from ahc patients were collected at tilganga eye center in kathmandu. for the first time in nepal, we demonstrated the etiologic viral agents of ahc, namely, coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) by reverse transcription real time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). of the 60 samples, 19 were positive for ca24v. no dif ... | 2006 | 17333732 |
| molecular identification of coxsackievirus a24 variant, isolated from an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in singapore in 2005. | an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) was reported in singapore military camps in the year 2005. a total of 103 conjunctival swab specimens were collected from military personnel diagnosed clinically with ahc. pcr testing on these conjunctival specimens revealed the presence of an enterovirus, and this was confirmed by virus isolation. molecular typing using a partial vp1 gene confirmed a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v) as the most likely etiological agent for the outbreak. ... | 2007 | 17680326 |
| sialic acid is a cellular receptor for coxsackievirus a24 variant, an emerging virus with pandemic potential. | binding to target cell receptors is a critical step in the virus life cycle. coxsackievirus a24 variant (cva24v) has pandemic potential and is a major cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, but its cellular receptor has hitherto been unknown. here we show that cva24v fails to bind to and infect cho cells defective in sialic acid expression. binding of cva24v to and infection of corneal epithelial cells are efficiently inhibited by treating cells with a sialic acid-cleaving enzyme or sialic a ... | 2008 | 18184708 |
| management of enteroviral conjunctivitis outbreaks in the singapore military in 2005. | between 8 august and 9 october 2005, tropical singapore experienced a national epidemic of acute viral conjunctivitis. we report the epidemiological and virological findings of outbreaks of viral conjunctivitis in military facilities during the same time period, and the outbreak control measures taken. outbreaks of viral conjunctivitis were identified by medical officers in military medical facilities. epidemiological and virological investigations were carried out, and a standard set of control ... | 2008 | 18564678 |
| an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant in pakistan. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is a self-limiting viral infection of the eyes but having epidemic potential. in winter 2004-2005, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in islamabad, pakistan. the etiological agent was confirmed as coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) by virus isolation and sequencing of a part of the vp1/vp3 gene. phylogenetic analysis in vp1 region showed that pakistan isolates has closest matches both in asia and europe while in vp1/vp3 region th ... | 2008 | 18638510 |
| multiple outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to a variant of coxsackievirus a24: guangdong, china, 2007. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is usually caused by enterovirus 70, coxsackievirus a24(ca24v) and adenoviruses. several outbreaks of ahc caused by a ca24v have occurred since it was imported into china in 1971. multiple outbreaks of ahc reappeared in 10 cities of guangdong during june to november in 2007. the epidemic began in the june, and spread extensively, with a peak in the september. a total of 31,659 cases were reported to center for disease control and prevention of guangdong, it ... | 2008 | 18712817 |
| molecular characterization of enteric viral agents from children in northern region of ghana. | viral gastrointestinal infections are among the most important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, especially in non-industrialized countries. the objective of this study was the molecular characterization of rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and enteroviruses obtained from 367 children in the northern region of ghana. one hundred and forty-two rotavirus-positive stool samples were examined. the most frequent type identified was g1p[8] occurring in 80% of the cases. ... | 2008 | 18712819 |
| molecular characterization of a coxsackievirus a24 variant that caused an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in spain, 2004. | coxsackievirus a24 variant is one of the major etiological agents involved in acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | 2008 | 18786853 |
| antiviral potency of a sirna targeting a conserved region of coxsackievirus a24. | coxsackievirus a24 (cva24) is responsible for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, a highly contagious eye disease for which no prevention or treatment is currently available. we thus assessed the antiviral potential of a small interfering rna (sirna) targeting cva24. hela cells with or without four different sirnas complementary to 2c or 3d genome region, were challenged with various cva24s. among several sirnas, a sirna targeting the highly conserved genome region called the cis-acting replicatio ... | 2008 | 18793610 |
| molecular and immunocytochemical identification of coxsackievirus a-24 variant from the acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in taiwan in 2007. | acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is a highly contagious conjunctivitis associated with enteroviruses. coxsackie a-24 variant (ca-24v) and enterovirus-70 (ev-70) are the two major causative agents. during october 2007, an epidemic of ahc occurred in taiwan, affecting more than 11 000 people. the aim of this study was to determine the aetiological agent associated with the outbreak in patients diagnosed with ahc and treated at the cathay general hospital, taipei (cght) and cathay general ho ... | 2010 | 19218990 |
| simultaneous detection of enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant by multiplex real-time rt-pcr using an internal control. | epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis are always explosive and extensive, and have been recognized as a serious international public health problem. enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant have been identified as the major etiological agents in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks worldwide. a novel multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for simultaneous detection, identification and quantitation of enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant. the specificity, sensi ... | 2009 | 19442840 |
| molecular epidemiology of coxsackie a type 24 variant in taiwan, 2000-2007. | epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by a coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) appeared in taiwan in 2000-2002 and again in 2006-2007. | 2009 | 19473877 |
| [outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in beijing city in 2007 caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant: molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis]. | in 2007, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in beijing. in order to identify the etiology of this outbreak, 57 eye conjunctival swabs were collected from 57 outpatient patients, and detected for adenovirus, human enterovirus 70 (hev70) and coxsackievirus a24 variant (cva24v) genes by using rt-pcr or pcr methods. the results showed that 38 were positive for cva24v, the positive rate was 66.7%, but none was positive for hev70 and adenovirus, showing that this outbreak w ... | 2009 | 19769156 |
| [enteroviruses responsible for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis]. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is an epidemic form of highly contagious conjunctivitis, characterized by conjunctival hemorrhages. the first ahc outbreak was described in 1969 in ghana, west africa, and was called apollo disease, from the apollo landing on the moon. this outbreak was caused by enterovirus 70 (ev70) together with a coxsackievirus a24 (cva24v) variant, which are the major etiological agents involved in ahc outbreaks worldwide. ahc is known to be directly transmitted by clo ... | 2010 | 19836177 |
| environmental surveillance and molecular characterization of human enteric viruses in tropical urban wastewaters. | to study the prevalence and genotypes of waterborne pathogenic viruses in urban wastewaters in the tropical region. | 2010 | 20233263 |
| outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in yunnan, people's republic of china, 2007. | an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in yunnan province, china between august and september in 2007. a total of 3,597 cases were officially reported and the incidence rate reached 1390.94/100,000. descriptive epidemiological analysis of the outbreak was conducted using the data from national disease supervision information management system (ndsims). to determine the causative agent for this outbreak and to analyze their genetic features, 30 conjunctival swabs and 19 pa ... | 2010 | 20579343 |
| an antiviral small-interfering rna simultaneously effective against the most prevalent enteroviruses causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), a highly contagious eye disease, is caused primarily by either enterovirus 70 (ev70) or coxsackievirus a24 (cva24) infection. yet methods to prevent or cure ahc are not available. recent evidence has shown that small-interfering rnas (sirnas), mediators of posttranscriptional gene knockdown, can act as effective antiviral agents. thus, the authors attempted to develop a novel sirna-based anti-ahc agent effective against both ev70 and cva24. | 2011 | 20739472 |
| an ex vivo model of coxsackievirus infection using multilayered human conjunctival epithelial cells. | background: the purpose of this study was to establish an ex vivo model of coxsackievirus infection since there seems to be no suitable disease model currently. methods: human conjunctival epithelial cells (hcecs) were cultured for 2 weeks in a serum-free air-liquid interface system to produce a multilayered structure. the cells were infected with coxsackievirus a24 (cva24). histological changes were investigated by staining the cells with h&e and dapi, and apoptosis was evaluated using the tune ... | 2011 | 21519941 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of coxsackievirus a24v causing outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) in brazil. | coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) is the most prevalent viral pathogen associated with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) outbreaks. sixteen years after its first outbreak in brazil, this agent reemerged in 2003 in brazil, spread to nearly all states and caused outbreaks until 2005. in 2009, a new outbreak occurred in the northeast region of the country. in this study, we performed a viral isolation in cell culture and characterized clinical samples collected from patients presenting sympto ... | 2011 | 21858030 |
| [study on the pathological and molecular characteristics of ahc epidemic in zhejiang province in 2010]. | to identify and trace the pathogen of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) epidemic in zhejiang province in 2010. viral nucleic acid of enterovirus (ev) and coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) were directly detected by real-time rt-pcr from the conjunctival swab collected from suspected patients. the virus was isolated from the swab samples using hep-2 cell. the viral rnas were extracted from the isolated viruses and followed by rt-pcr to amplify vp1 gene and 3c protease region(3c). the amplifi ... | 2011 | 21998952 |
| characterization of infections of human leukocytes by non-polio enteroviruses. | to elucidate the detailed susceptibilities of leukocytes to clinically important non-polio enteroviruses (evs), primary monocytes and various human leukocyte cell lines were infected with coxsackievirus a24 (cva24), coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), and enterovirus 70 (ev70). the permissiveness was then assessed by determining virus replication and resultant cytopathic effects. different evs varied markedly in their ability to infect leukocyte cell lines. cvb3 replicated effectively in leukocytes of b-c ... | 2011 | 22057046 |
| Isolation of Coxsackievirus A24 variant from patients with hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Cuba, 2008-2009. | An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in Cuba in 2008 and 2009. | 2012 | 22074932 |
| Coxsackievirus A24 variant uses sialic acid-containing O-linked glycoconjugates as cellular receptors on human ocular cells. | Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) is a main causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), which is a highly contagious eye infection. Previously it has been suggested that CVA24v uses sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates as attachment receptors on corneal cells, but the nature of these receptors is poorly described. Here, we set out to characterize and identify the cellular components serving as receptors for CVA24v. Binding and infection experiments using corneal cells treated ... | 2011 | 21880775 |
| [identification and genetic characterization of coxsackievirus a24 isolated from patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in shandong province]. | to identify the pathogen of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) in shandong province in 2010, eye mucous swab samples were collected from 26 patients in qingdao and linyi city. real time-pcr assays for ev70, cva24 and adenovirus were performed on these samples. the result showed 17 samples (65.39%) were cva24 positive while all the samples for hev70 and adenovirus detection were negative, which implied that cva24 was the causative pathogen of this outbreak. a total of 10 virus strains isolate ... | 2012 | 23367567 |
| molecular epidemiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackie a type 24 variant in china, 2004-2014. | to understand control interventions, the molecular epidemiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) was investigated from 2004 to 2014.a total of 613,485 ahc cases (annualized cases 55,771) with two deaths were included. our findings showed that ahc was reported in all provinces, predominantly in southern and eastern china. the incidence rates were highest in 2007 (5.65/100,000) and 2010 (21.78/100,000) respectively. a clear seasonal pattern was identified with a peak from august to octobe ... | 2017 | 28332617 |
| laboratory surveillance of polio and other enteroviruses in high-risk populations and environmental samples. | in the context of poliomyelitis eradication, a reinforced supplementary laboratory surveillance of enteroviruses was implemented in greece. between 2008 and 2014, the hellenic polioviruses/enteroviruses reference laboratory performed detailed supplementary surveillance of circulating enteroviruses among healthy individuals in high-risk population groups, among immigrants from countries in which poliovirus is endemic, and in environmental samples. in total, 722 stool samples and 179 sewage water ... | 2017 | 28039136 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic in são paulo state, brazil, 2011. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) infection is highly contagious and can lead to explosive epidemics. in early february 2011, the center for epidemiologic surveillance of the state of são paulo health secretariat (ses-sp) in brazil received reports of conjunctivitis outbreaks from rural areas of the state that subsequently spread statewide. this report describes that ahc epidemic and its etiologic agent. data from the ministry of health information system for notifiable diseases (sinannet) ... | 2016 | 27754516 |
| phylodynamic characterization of an ocular-tropism coxsackievirus a24 variant. | recent phylodynamic studies have focused on using tree topology patterns to elucidate interactions among the epidemiological, evolutionary, and demographic characteristics of infectious agents. however, because studies of viral phylodynamics tend to focus on epidemic outbreaks, tree topology signatures of tissue-tropism pathogens might not be clearly identified. therefore, this study used a novel bayesian evolutionary approach to analyze the a24 variant of coxsackievirus (cv-a24v), an ocular-tro ... | 2016 | 27529556 |
| a major outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24, réunion, january to april 2015. | from january to april 2015, réunion experienced a major outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by coxsackievirus a24, which heavily impacted the healthcare system. according to the general practitioners' (gp) sentinel network, the number of medical consultations due to conjunctivitis during this period was estimated at ca 100,000. this report describes the characteristics of the outbreak, which were obtained through several different yet complementary surveillance systems on ... | 2016 | 27387200 |
| complete genome analysis of coxsackievirus a24 isolated in yunnan, china, in 2013. | human coxsackievirus a24 (cva24) belongs to the species enterovirus c, and variants of this virus frequently cause acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc). the complete genome of the k282/yn/chn/2013 strain, isolated from a healthy child in yunnan, china, in 2013, is reported here for the first time. the strain showed 80.0 % and 79.9 % nucleotide sequence identity to cva24 prototype strain joseph and cva24 variant prototype eh24, respectively. the k282/yn/chn/2013 strain belongs to the cva24 sero ... | 2016 | 26935916 |
| allosteric inhibitors of coxsackie virus a24 rna polymerase. | coxsackie virus a24 (cva24), a causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, is a prototype of enterovirus (ev) species c. the rna polymerase (3d(pol)) of cva24 can uridylylate the viral peptide linked to the genome (vpg) from distantly related ev and is thus, a good model for studying this reaction. once ump is bound, vpgpu primes rna elongation. structural and mutation data have identified a conserved binding surface for vpg on the rna polymerase (3d(pol)), located about 20å from the ac ... | 2016 | 26762834 |
| [molecular identification and phylogenetic analyses of coxsackievirus a24v causing an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in jiangxi, china, in 2010]. | to identify the cause of an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) in jiangxi (china) in 2010, 20 eye conjunctival swabs were first collected from ahc patients. then, viruses were isola- ted and tested for human enterovirus 70, coxsackievirus a24 variant (cv-a24v) and adenovirus using the polymerase chain reaction. all cv-a24v isolates underwent sequencing of 3c and vp1 coding regions. then, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for jiangxi cv-a24v and worldwide cv-a24v based on,3c and ... | 2015 | 26470530 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: anti-coxsackievirus a24 variant secretory immunoglobulin a in acute and convalescent tear. | the purpose of this paper is to present the clinical course of a laboratory-acquired case of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v). also, the anti-ca24v neutralizing activity and anti-ca24v immunoglobulin (ig) g and secretory iga (siga) in acute and convalescent tears and/or sera are presented. | 2015 | 26392747 |
| virological and epidemiological analysis of coxsackievirus a24 variant epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in okinawa, japan, in 2011. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is a highly contagious enterovirus infection of the conjunctiva and cornea. coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) is one of its etiological agents. we report a clinical, epidemiological, and virological analysis of a large epidemic of ahc that occurred from may to september, 2011, in okinawa, japan. | 2015 | 26109843 |
| epidemic outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24 in thailand, 2014. | acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks are often attributed to viral infection. in 2014, an unprecedented nationwide outbreak of infectious conjunctivitis occurred in thailand, which affected >300 000 individuals over 3 months. to identify and characterize the virus responsible for the epidemic, eye swab specimens from 119 patients were randomly collected from five different provinces. conserved regions in the enteroviral 5'-utr and adenovirus hexon gene were analysed. enterovirus was ident ... | 2015 | 25824006 |
| a sialic acid binding site in a human picornavirus. | the picornaviruses coxsackievirus a24 variant (cva24v) and enterovirus 70 (ev70) cause continued outbreaks and pandemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), a highly contagious eye disease against which neither vaccines nor antiviral drugs are currently available. moreover, these viruses can cause symptoms in the cornea, upper respiratory tract, and neurological impairments such as acute flaccid paralysis. ev70 and cva24v are both known to use 5-n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) for cell a ... | 2014 | 25329320 |
| etiology of acute conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24 variant, human adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, and chlamydia in beijing, china. | acute conjunctivitis is a common disease associated with high morbidity and economic burden. to clarify the etiological characteristics of acute conjunctivitis in beijing, surveillance of acute conjunctivitis was conducted from july to october during 2007-2012 by collecting eye swabs from patients treated at surveillance hospitals affiliated with a surveillance program of 18 districts center for disease prevention and control in beijing. coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v), enterovirus 70 (ev70), ... | 2014 | 25241684 |
| genomic characterization of coxsackievirus type a24 strains associated with acute flaccid paralysis and rarely identified hopkins syndrome. | the full-length genome sequence analysis of four coxsackievirus a24 (cv-a24) strains, detected in three paralytic and one post-asthmatic paralytic (hopkins syndrome) cases, is reported here for the first time. a phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of entire genomes displayed topology similar to that of the full-vp1 tree, classifying the study strains in genogroup cv-a24vgiv along with their temporal counterparts in strains from non-paralytic cases. the strains of the study formed a single ... | 2014 | 25081118 |
| a case of corneal endothelial dysfunction due to coxsackievirus a24 corneal endotheliitis after cataract surgery. | corneal endotheliitis causes endothelial decompensation and is associated with significant visual impairment. the goal of this article is to report a case of corneal endotheliitis associated with coxsackievirus a24 infection after cataract surgery in a patient who had no previous symptoms indicative of conjunctivitis. | 2014 | 24608251 |
| genetic characteristics of the coxsackievirus a24 variant causing outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in jiangsu, china, 2010. | during september 2010, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis reemerged in jiangsu, three years after the nationwide epidemic in china in 2007. in total, 2409 cases were reported, 2118 of which were reported in september; 79.8% of those affected were students or teachers, with a median age of 16 years. to identify and demonstrate the genetic characteristics of the etiological agent, 52 conjunctival swabs were randomly collected from four different cities. after detection and isolation, ... | 2014 | 24475191 |
| [study on the complete sequence of ca24 variant isolated during the acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks in zhejiang province during 2002 to 2010]. | to analyze the genetic characteristics of the complete sequence of coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) isolated from acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) outbreaks in zhejiang province during 2002 to 2010. | 2013 | 24016443 |
| a molecular investigative approach to an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in egypt, october 2010. | during october 2010, egypt reported an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc). a total of 1831 cases were reported from three governorates; 1703 cases in el daqahliya, 92 cases in port said, and 36 in damietta. the purpose of this study was to identify and characterize the causative agent associated with this outbreak. | 2013 | 23531270 |
| broad-spectrum virucidal activity of (nvc-422) n,n-dichloro-2,2-dimethyltaurine against viral ocular pathogens in vitro. | viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious infection often causing major epidemics. a safe broad-spectrum antiviral agent is needed to treat this unmet medical need. the purpose of this study is to demonstrate that in vitro nvc-422 is a safe, broad-spectrum topical virucidal agent with activity against ophthalmic viral pathogens. | 2013 | 23341010 |
| molecular identification and phylogenetic study of coxsackievirus a24 variant isolated from an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in india in 2010. | an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occured in india between august and october 2010. molecular typing by rt-pcr and sequencing of a partial vp1 region identified coxsackievirus a24 variant (cv a24v) as the serotype involved in this outbreak. phylogenetic analysis based on the vp1 and 3c genes revealed that cv a24v strains associated with the 2010 ahc outbreak in india were genetically similar to strains from central and south america that caused outbreaks of ahc in cuba betwee ... | 2013 | 23124888 |
| enterovirus 71 blocks selectively type i interferon production through the 3c viral protein in mice. | type i interferons (ifns) represent an essential innate defense mechanism for controlling enterovirus 71 (ev 71) infection. mice inoculated with ev 71 produced a significantly lower amount of type i ifns than those inoculated with poly (i:c), adenovirus type v, or coxsackievirus b3 (cb3). ev 71 infection, however, mounted a proinflammatory response with a significant increase in the levels of serum and brain interleukin (il)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor, and ifn-γ ... | 2012 | 22997081 |
| 2012 outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in indian ocean islands: identification of coxsackievirus a24 in a returned traveller. | in may 2012, a coxsackievirus a24 haemorrhagic conjunctivitis was diagnosed in marseille, france, in a traveller returning from the comoros islands. this case allowed identification of the cause of an ongoing outbreak of haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in indian ocean islands, illustrating that returning travellers may serve as sentinels for infectious diseases outbreaks in tropical areas where laboratory investigation is limited. | 2012 | 22687914 |
| phylogenetic and molecular characterization of coxsackievirus a24 variant isolates from a 2010 acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in guangdong, china. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is a common disease in china. as a notifiable disease, cases are registered by ophthalmologists on the ahc surveillance system. an ahc outbreak caused by ca24v was observed in guangdong province in 2007 by the national disease supervision information management system. three years later, a larger outbreak occurred in guangdong during the august-october period (2010). to characterize the outbreak and compare the genetic diversity of ca24v, which was determined to ... | 2012 | 22336176 |
| analysis of neutralizing antibodies to enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant, levels of immunoglobulins and total protein in tears of patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | tear samples were collected from 37 residents of the dominican republic <5 d post onset (p.o.) of symptoms (mean 1.73±1.17 d p.o.) of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc). sixty-two percent (23/37) of the patients had bilateral infections. anti-enterovirus 70 (ev70) tear neutralizing activity (tna) (10(2->3.5) u/ml) and anti-coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) tna (10(<1-3) u/ml), but no anti-poliovirus (pv) tna was detected. the anti-ev70 tna in pooled tear samples sedimented in sucrose densit ... | 1995 | 22823272 |