| studies on the characteristics of poliovirus type 3. iii. strain characteristics after passage in man. | the markers d, ist, ea1(oh)3 and rct at sub- and supraoptimal temperatures as well as neurovirulence (pmic) for monkeys was determined for strains isolated from children vaccinated with leon 12a1b vaccine, their contacts and from paralytic cases. the strains were isolated at early and late phases of excretion. the changes concerned mainly rct determined at supraoptimal temperatures, d and pmic markers, especially in strains isolated at the late phase of excretion. the passage through the human a ... | 1976 | 11664 |
| characteristics of poliovirus type 3 strains after passage through monkey central nervous system. | cercopithecus aethiops monkeys were inoculated intracerebrally with sabin's type 3 polivoirus strain, and with strains isolated from subjects vaccinated with leon 12a1b and from their contacts. sample of brain, spinal cord, kidneys, lymph nodes, blood and spinal fluid were taken. from these materials, (except of kidneys) 23 poliovirus strains of type 3 were isolated. genetic markers rct 40.3, rct 41, d and ist were determined for these strains. the changes observed in genetic markers of strains ... | 1977 | 15438 |
| studies on the characteristics of poliovirus type 3. ii. characteristics of "hot" clones. | markers d, ist, ea1(oh)3, rct (at sub- and supraoptimal temperatures) and neurovirulence were determined for clones isolated from two lots (s2 and s3) of vaccines containing poliovirus strain leon 12a1b. changes of markers rct, d and neurovirulence were observed in several clones isolated from s2 vaccine. no changes were observed in ist and ea1(oh)3 markers. | 1976 | 63237 |
| isolation of apparently wild strains of poliovirus type 1 from sewage in the ottawa area. | in the first 4 months of 1974, 140 gauze pad samples of sewage collected in the ottawa area were analysed by the bs-c-1 cell system for the presence of viruses pathogenic for humans. viruses were isolated from 111 (79%) of the samples. of the 72 (65%) isolates identified by serology and electron microscopic examination, 56 (78%) were reoviruses and 16 (22%), enteroviruses. the enterovirus isolates included one coxsackievirus b4, one vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3, nine vaccine strains of po ... | 1977 | 188533 |
| inactivation of polioviruses and coxsackieviruses in surface water. | inactivation rates of polioviruses 1 and 3 and coxsackieviruses a-13 and b-1 were determined in situ in the rio grande in southern new mexico, using membrane dialysis chambers. inactivation of the viruses was exponential, and the rates of inactivation were apparently affected principally by the water temperature. stability of the viruses in river water differed, with poliovirus 1 and coxsackie b-1 being most stable. typically 1-log reductions of infectivity at water temperatures ranging between ... | 1977 | 192146 |
| the role of some viruses in acute pneumonias in adults. | virological and bacteriological investigations were performed in 85 patients with acute pneumonias and virus isolation or serological evidence of virus infection were obtained in 37.6% of the cases. influenza a2 and b viruses were incriminated in 14.1% of the patients; parainfluenza viruses in 7% and adenoviruses in 17.2% of the cases. coxsackie virus was isolated from one patient's blood, and poliovirus 3 was recovered in 3 cases. in 5 cases associated virus infections were detected. | 1977 | 194393 |
| epidermodysplasia verruciformis versus disseminated verrucae planae: is epidermodysplasia verruciformis a generalized infection with wart virus? | recently it has been shown that epidermodysplasia verruciformis is induced by human papilloma/virus different from the papilloma/virus of warts, and that 2 distinct viruses-designated hpv-3 and hp-4--are responsible for it. ten cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis were found to have been caused by hpv-3. clinically and histologically, as well as in the often depressed cell-mediated immunity they closely resembled long-standing verrucae planae, also caused by hpv-3. contrariwise, in epidermod ... | 1979 | 217936 |
| twenty-one years of follow-up studies of familial epidermodysplasia verruciformis. | 21 years of follow-up study of a family with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (e.v.) have shown that members of one family can be infected with different human papillomaviruses (hpvs), either hpv 3 or hpv 4, and sometimes with both. the clinical picture resembled disseminated flat warts in cases induced by hpv 3, whereas in those caused by hpv 4 there were flat red or red-brownish plaques and depigmented pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. malignancies developed only in family members infected wi ... | 1979 | 220107 |
| genetical analysis on the stability of poliovirus type 3 leon 12a1b. | | 1979 | 227906 |
| pattern of plaquing efficiency at different temperatures (ppet) as a differentiation tool among poliovirus type 3 leon 12a1b progenies and its possible use as a genetic marker. | | 1979 | 227907 |
| characterization of human papillomavirus 3 in warts of a renal allograft patient. | multiple flat wart-like lesions of a renal allograft recipient were shown to contain hpv 3 or a serologically crossreacting virus by indirect immunofluorescence with monospecific animal antisera against hpv [1--5]. the patient's serum revealed virus specific antibodies (immunofluorescence titer 1/80). papillomaviruses were isolated and after in vitro iodination 3 major proteins (mw 70.000, 56.000 and 43.000) were detected by sds polyacryalmide gel electrophoresis. dna was extracted from the wart ... | 1979 | 227966 |
| sequence studies of poliovirus rna. iv. nucleotide sequence complexities of poliovirus type 1, type 2 and two type 1 defective interfering particles rnas, and fingerprint of the poliovirus type 3 genome. | the 32p-labelled genomes of poliovirus type 1, 2 and 3 have been digested with rnase t1 and the products separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. all three fingerprints differ in the separation pattern of the large oligonucleotides. the molar yields of the large rnase t1-resistant oligonucleotides of type 1 and type 2 rna of poliovirus rna are close to one. by comparing the yields of these oligonucleotides to the amount of rna from which they originated, the chain length of type 1 polio ... | 1979 | 230285 |
| booster effect of sabin poliomyelitis vaccine. | studies were carried out on 86 children aged 1-14 years who had titres of antibodies against poliovirus type 3 lower than 1: 32 and against type 2 higher than 1: 4. after a booster dose of poliomyelitis vaccine type 2+3, seroconversion took place in 44 (90%) of 49 children whose original titre was lower than 1: 4 and the geometrical mean titre increased to 1: 244. of 37 children with low original titres of antibodies against type 3, i.e., 1: 4, 1: 8, or 1: 16, the titre increased fourfold or mor ... | 1976 | 1088514 |
| rna sequence variants in live poliovirus vaccine and their relation to neurovirulence. | mutant analysis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme cleavage (maprec) was used to study sequence heterogeneity and stability in attenuated poliovirus type 3 at positions in which the vaccine virus differs from its wild-type progenitor. of seven genomic positions tested, only two (positions 472 and 2493) show nucleotide heterogeneity. propagation of the vaccine virus in cell cultures leads to rapid selection of virus with reversions at these two positions of the genome. the relati ... | 1992 | 1309923 |
| poliomyelitis case confirmation: characteristics for use by national eradication programmes. | highly sensitive case definitions were first introduced by national poliomyelitis eradication programmes to avoid missing true cases of the disease, though false-positive diagnostic errors could still occur owing to low specificity. extensive data from all 1620 cases of acute, flaccid paralysis reported in brazil during 1987-88 provided an opportunity to study the characteristics of confirmed poliomyelitis cases and epidemiologically to evaluate potential case definitions that maximized both sen ... | 1992 | 1314710 |
| early immunization of neonates with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine. | described is the evaluation in brazil of the immune response of early immunization with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (topv). a total of 85 normal neonates from são paulo were assigned one of the following immunization schedules: group a--one dose of topv at birth and subsequent doses at 2, 4, and 9 months of age; or group b--one dose of topv at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. blood samples were collected sequentially from the mother at delivery, from the umbilical cord, and from the child at 2, 4 ... | 1992 | 1314711 |
| a poliovirus replicon containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene can be used to study the replication and encapsidation of poliovirus rna. | a poliovirus replicon, flc/rep, which incorporates the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) in place of the region encoding the capsid proteins vp4, vp2, and part of vp3 in the genome of poliovirus type 3, has been constructed. transfection of cells indicates that the flc/rep replicon replicates efficiently and that active cat enzyme is produced as a cat-vp3 fusion protein. the level of cat activity in transfected cells broadly reflects the level of flc/rep rna. a series of muta ... | 1992 | 1321286 |
| genotype-specific in vitro amplification of sequences of the wild type 3 polioviruses from mexico and guatemala. | the extensive nucleotide sequence heterogeneity among independent genotypes of wild polioviruses permits the systematic design of genotype-specific molecular reagents. we have prepared two sets of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer pairs specific for the genotype of wild poliovirus type 3 recently endemic to mexico and guatemala. nucleotide sequences of a representative wild type 3 virus isolated in mexico in 1989 differed from the corresponding sabin 3 (leon 12 a1b) sequences at 167 of 900 ... | 1992 | 1329370 |
| seroimmunity to poliomyelitis in an albanian immigrant population. | the immunity against poliomyelitis in a representative sample of the albanian population recently immigrant to italy was evaluated. a significant number of the subjects examined lacked protective antibodies against one or more polioviruses. the most prevalent seronegativity related to poliovirus type 3 (41.3%), followed by poliovirus type 1 (21.5%). this result was more consistent in the younger age groups. our data suggest the hypothesis that this problem arises from the use of a vaccine of dis ... | 1992 | 1333689 |
| an assembly defect as a result of an attenuating mutation in the capsid proteins of the poliovirus type 3 vaccine strain. | the molecular basis of the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of p3/sabin, the type 3 vaccine strain of poliovirus, was investigated in light of the known correlation between ts and attenuation phenotypes. a phenylalanine at residue 91 of the capsid protein vp3 was a major determinant of both phenotypes, and attenuation and ts could be reverted by the same second-site mutations. the ts phenotype was due to a defect early in the assembly process that inhibited the formation of 14s pentamers, em ... | 1991 | 1654440 |
| comparative inactivation of poliovirus type 3 and ms2 coliphage in demand-free phosphate buffer by using ozone. | ms2 coliphage (atcc 15597-b1) has been proposed by the u.s. environmental protection agency as a surrogate for enteric viruses to determine the engineering requirements of chemical disinfection systems on the basis of previous experience with chlorine. the objective of this study was to determine whether ms2 coliphage was a suitable indicator for the inactivation of enteric viruses when ozone disinfection systems were used. bench-scale experiments were conducted in 2-liter-batch shrinking reacto ... | 1991 | 1664198 |
| type 3 poliovirus/finland/1984 is genetically related to common mediterranean strains. | strains of poliovirus type 3 isolated in finland in 1984 and 1985 (p3/fin/84) are known to differ considerably from the type 3 vaccine strains in both nucleotide sequence and antigenic properties. in the search for the origin of the outbreak we first tested 80 type 3 strains that had been isolated elsewhere in the world during the years 1953 to 1986. an oligonucleotide probe complementary to a highly variable 17 nucleotide interval in the 5' non-coding region of the genomic rna of p3/fin/84 reac ... | 1990 | 1701473 |
| antigenic regions of poliovirus type 3/sabin capsid proteins recognized by human sera in the peptide scanning technique. | we used the peptide scanning technique to identify regions of poliovirus type 3/sabin capsid proteins that bind antibodies from human immune sera. several reactive regions were seen in vp1, vp2, and vp3 while peptides resembling vp4 did not bind antibodies. peptides derived from sequences of the previously known antigenic sites 1 and 3 were recognized to a moderate degree. peptides imitating the four loops in the closed ends of the beta barrels or the alpha helical cd insertions of vp1, vp2 or v ... | 1991 | 1701949 |
| generation of virus genetic lineages during an outbreak of poliomyelitis. | wild poliovirus type 3 isolates collected during the finnish outbreak (1984 to 1985) in different geographical locations were compared by partial rna sequencing. the entire 5' non-coding end and a discontinuous part of the capsid coding region were sequenced from 15 isolates. combining the present sequence data with previously published data and analysing these by the maximum parsimony method showed that the epidemic strains had diverged in cocirculating lineages. genetic comparison of strains i ... | 1991 | 1717642 |
| comparison of serum and salivary antibodies in children vaccinated with oral live or parenteral inactivated poliovirus vaccines of different antigen concentrations. | a new antigen-rich inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv) in ordinary (ipv1), double (ipv2) and quadruple (ipv4) antigen concentrations was given in 2 doses to 6 and 18 week old pakistani infants. the immune responses to poliovirus types 1 and 3 were compared to those in infants given three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) at 6, 12 and 18 weeks of age. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, elisa, was used to estimate igg and iga in serum and secretory iga (siga) in saliva. two to three years la ... | 1991 | 1785289 |
| correlation between amount of virus with altered nucleotide sequence and the monkey test for acceptability of oral poliovirus vaccine. | production of live attenuated oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) requires rigorous neurovirulence safety testing of each vaccine lot, currently carried out in monkeys. it has been reported that a change from 472-u to 472-c in the type 3 opv rna is associated with an increased histologic lesion score produced upon intraspinal inoculation of the mutant virus in monkeys. we have developed a method, based on polymerase chain reaction, for measuring the relative abundance of these mutant sequences dire ... | 1991 | 1846038 |
| immunogenicity of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) against variants of wild poliovirus type 3. | serological investigations of three groups of children from the german democratic republic (gdr) and from czechoslovakia who had different immunization histories against poliomyelitis indicated that the immunity induced by oral poliovaccine (opv) is effective against both the wild poliovirus saukett strain and a new wild variant of poliovirus type 3 that was isolated during an outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland in 1984. there is therefore no obvious risk that individuals in the gdr or czechosl ... | 1990 | 1963118 |
| antibodies to polioviruses in an israeli population and overseas volunteers. | a seroepidemiological survey of prevalence of antibodies to poliovirus types 1-3 was carried out in 1,800 residents of 30 agricultural settlements (kibbutzim) in israel during 1980 and 1981. the survey showed that in 1980 84%, 90%, and 79% of the kibbutz residents exhibited antibodies to poliovirus types 1-3, respectively. in 1981 the figures were 81%, 91%, and 73%. significantly lower levels of antibodies for poliovirus type 3 in 1980/1981, and for poliovirus type 1 in 1981, were noticed in the ... | 1990 | 2154545 |
| identification of rhinoviruses by cdna probes. | we have used nucleic acid hybridization for the detection and grouping of human rhinoviruses (hrv) according to their genetic relationships. fifteen rhinovirus reference strains, seventy-one clinical isolates and four enteroviruses were propagated in cell cultures, spotted onto membrane filters and hybridized with radioactively labelled cdna probes covering different parts of the genomes of hrv-1b, hrv-2, hrv-14, hrv-85 and hrv-89. when the rhinovirus and enterovirus reference strains were teste ... | 1990 | 2155249 |
| mumps, enteroviruses, and human acute pancreatitis. | the presence of mumps virus and enterovirus rna was studied by in situ hybridization in 15 surgical biopsy specimens from patients with acute pancreatitis. 35s-labeled crna probes, detecting the 5' end of the poliovirus type 3, a 1.1-kb fragment of the polymerase gene region of coxsackievirus b3, and mumps virus mrna, encoding the nucleocapsid protein, were used. the controls consisted of mumps virus-infected and uninfected cultured cells, normal human and mouse pancreatic tissue, and mouse tiss ... | 1990 | 2171134 |
| in situ detection of enterovirus genomes in mouse myocardial tissue by ribonucleic acid probes. | we have applied a sensitive in situ hybridization method for the detection of coxsackievirus rna in myocardial tissue. two radioactive crna probes were used: an rna transcript representing the 5' end of poliovirus 3 which recognizes a highly conserved region among enteroviruses and an rna transcript of a 1.1 kb fragment from the polymerase gene region of coxsackievirus b3. the reactivity of these probes was tested by dot-blot hybridization against a panel of enteroviruses. formaldehyde-fixed and ... | 1990 | 2172652 |
| [effect of anionic detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkylbenzyl sulfonate on adsorption and transport behavior of several enterotropic viruses in the soil under model conditions]. | the adsorption of poliovirus 3, coxsackievirus b1, and coliphage f2 on soil from an irrigation field loaded for years with waste water and sandy soil from an aquifer was investigated under the influence of two anionic detergents, sodium dodecylsulphate (sds) and alkylbenzolsulphonate (abs). the investigation was carried out through batch and column experiments under simulated conditions. the concentrations of both detergents found generally in surface water (0.2-10 mg/l) had no effect on the ads ... | 1990 | 2175613 |
| cross contamination of viral specimens related to shell vial caps. | a cluster of poliovirus type 3-positive specimens cultured in shell vials led to the discovery of significant cross contamination between vials related to the type of vial cap. simulated testing with colored media in the shell vials indicated that the most contamination occurred with the plastic snap cap and that the least occurred with the screw cap. measures to prevent cross contamination in clinical virology laboratories are discussed. | 1990 | 2177755 |
| an epidemic of poliomyelitis in southern kerala. | an epidemic of poliomyelitis was recognized in may 1987 when there was a sharp increase in the number of children with acute paralytic poliomyelitis admitted to the sat hospital in trivandrum in kerala state. from may through september, 392 cases were admitted; the total admitted cases in 1987 were 458 in contrast to 119 in 1986. evidence for type 1 poliovirus infection was found in 33 (85%) of the 39 children in whom virological investigations were done during the epidemic. in addition, evidenc ... | 1990 | 2351513 |
| induction by synthetic peptides of broadly reactive, type-specific neutralizing antibody to poliovirus type 3. | a region of virus capsid protein vp1 located 89-100 amino acids from the n-terminus has been proposed to comprise a major antigenic site involved in the neutralization of poliovirus type 3. synthetic peptides 10-18 amino acids in length, containing all or part of this sequence, were tested for their ability to induce antiviral antibodies. rabbits, but not guinea pigs or mice, immunized with the most active peptide, developed hightitered, type-specific, neutralizing antibodies for a wide range of ... | 1985 | 2414909 |
| antigenic and molecular evolution of the vaccine strain of type 3 poliovirus during the period of excretion by a primary vaccinee. | a 4 month old child was immunized with a vaccine containing the sabin live attenuated vaccine strains of all three serotypes of poliovirus. the antigenic and molecular evolution of the sabin strain of poliovirus type 3 was then followed throughout the entire period of virus excretion. novel strains appeared at 8, 42 and 52 days post-vaccination and were the products of both intertypic recombination between type 2 and type 3 poliovirus in regions of the genome coding for non-structural proteins a ... | 1986 | 2420925 |
| reactivity of anti-peptide and anti-poliovirus type 3 monoclonal antibodies with synthetic peptides. | monoclonal antibodies were prepared from mice immunized with an 18-residue synthetic peptide with an amino acid sequence from a major antigenic sequence involved in the neutralization of type 3 poliovirus. approximately 250 hybridomas secreted antibodies that reacted with the peptide but not the virus, two antibodies reacted with the virus but not the peptide and no antibody reacted with both. conversely 26 monoclonal antibodies prepared from mice immunized with type 3 poliovirus and known to be ... | 1986 | 2431104 |
| evolution of poliovirus during an outbreak: sequential type 3 poliovirus isolates from several persons show shifts of neutralization determinants. | an outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland resulted in the widespread circulation of wild-type 3 poliovirus strains that had antigenic properties distinct from the strains used to produce the attenuated and inactivated vaccines. considerable variation was observed in the ability of broadly reacting monoclonal antibodies directed against type 3 poliovirus to neutralize the 54 strains examined. sequential isolates from several persons showed an antigenic drift with these monoclonal antibodies and sel ... | 1987 | 2437244 |
| nucleic acid sequence relationships between enterovirus serotypes. | forty-eight different enterovirus serotypes were analysed by a nucleic-acid hybridization test using probes derived from the 3' end of coxsackievirus a21 (ca21) and b3 (cb3), poliovirus 3 (p3) and enterovirus 70 (e70). more than 90% of the serotypes could be detected with this collection of reagents. the cb3 probe reacted with all the coxsackie b viruses, with all three poliovirus serotypes, and with almost all of the 30 echo virus types tested. in addition some of the coxsackie a viruses and th ... | 1987 | 2456458 |
| nasopharyngeal secretory antibody response to poliovirus type 3 virion proteins exhibit different specificities after immunization with live or inactivated poliovirus vaccines. | by using immunoblotting, neutralization, and elisa, the development of secretory antibody responses to poliovirus type 3 virion proteins (vp1, vp2, vp3) and to intact or trypsin-treated poliovirus type 3 was studied in the nasopharyngeal secretions in groups of infants after immunization with live attenuated poliovirus vaccine (opv), enhanced potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv-ep), or after combined vaccination with ipv-ep followed by opv. after three doses of vaccine, infants in all va ... | 1989 | 2470831 |
| genetic basis of attenuation of the sabin type 3 oral poliovirus vaccine. | the poliovirus type 3 sabin oral poliovirus vaccine strain p3/leon/12a1b differs in nucleotide sequence from its neurovirulent progenitor p3/leon/37 by just 10 point mutations. the contribution of each mutation to the attenuation phenotype of the vaccine strain was determined by the construction of a series of recombinant viruses from infectious cdna clones. the neurovirulence testing of recombinant viruses indicated that the attenuation phenotype is determined by just two point mutations: a c t ... | 1989 | 2536836 |
| conserved structural domains in the 5'-untranslated region of picornaviral genomes: an analysis of the segment controlling translation and neurovirulence. | a model of secondary structure common for the central part (ca. 400 nucleotides) of the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-utr) of all the so far sequenced genomes of polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and rhinoviruses was derived on the basis of evolutionary and thermodynamic considerations. according to the model, this part of the genome comprises three domains, which appear to be involved, at least in the poliovirus genome, in the control of viral neurovirulence and in vitro translation. some salient f ... | 1989 | 2536978 |
| replication of poliovirus in human mononuclear phagocyte cell lines is dependent on the stage of cell differentiation. | both wild-type and attenuated strains of poliovirus type 3 were found to replicate in the u-937 cells, an established cell line derived from human histiocytic lymphoma. however, preincubation of the cells with phorbol ester (pma) that brought about the typical adherent macrophage-like appearance of the cultures, converted the cells to practically nonpermissive for poliovirus, while their ability to replicate vesicular stomatitis virus was not impaired. rc2a, another human cell line derived from ... | 1989 | 2537885 |
| synthesis of immunogenic, but non-infectious, poliovirus particles in insect cells by a baculovirus expression vector. | a baculovirus expression vector (acleon) derived from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was prepared containing the complete 6.6 kb coding region of the p3/leon/37 strain of poliovirus type 3 placed under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter. the recombinant virus was used to infect spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. as demonstrated by use of the appropriate antibodies, infected insect cells made poliovirus proteins that included the structural proteins vp0, vp1 ... | 1989 | 2543785 |
| human papillomavirus type 28 (hpv-28), an hpv-3-related type associated with skin warts. | the cloning and partial characterization of the genome of human papillomavirus type 28 (hpv-28) is presented. the virus is a distinct type and by hybridization analyses is most closely related to hpv-3 and hpv-10. | 1989 | 2552164 |
| human papillomavirus type 29 (hpv-29), an hpv type cross-hybridizing with hpv-2 and with hpv-3-related types. | the cloning and partial characterization of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 29 is presented. by hybridization analyses, this virus appears to be related to hpv types associated with common warts and hpv types associated with flat warts. | 1989 | 2552165 |
| novel variants of human papillomavirus type 2 in warts from immunocompromised individuals. | twenty cutaneous warts from i8 renal transplant recipients (rtr) and a single wart sample from a patient suffering from hodgkin's disease were screened for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) sequences by southern blot analysis. thirteen samples were shown to contain hpv dna sequences, one was identified as hpv-3, two as hpv-4, six as hpv-2 and four were unidentifiable by restriction digest analysis. hpv-3 was identified in the wart sample from the patient suffering from hodgkin's disease ... | 1989 | 2557072 |
| restricted variability of a 17 nucleotide stretch within the 5'-noncoding region of poliovirus genome. | the outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland in 1984 was caused by a wild strain of poliovirus 3 with uncommon molecular and antigenic properties. we prepared a synthetic oligonucleotide probe complementary to nucleotides 494-510 in the 5'-noncoding part of the genome of a representative strain of the outbreak. this short nucleotide stretch was found to be relatively well conserved within the outbreak and uncommon among 82 independent poliovirus isolates. it may thus be a useful marker for screening ... | 1989 | 2558034 |
| a human-human hybridoma which produces antibodies to polioviruses. | a human-human hybridoma which produced antibodies to sabin strain poliovirus types 3 and 2 was established. this hybridoma was constructed by fusing a hat-sensitive variant of a human lymphoblastoid subline r4-4-6 with peripheral blood lymphocytes of a donor who had been previously immunized with poliovirus sabin vaccines and had shown high titer of neutralizing antibodies against these viruses. this hybridoma had been cultured for more than one year and the neutralizing activities of the cultur ... | 1989 | 2561573 |
| stabilization of the attenuated poliovirus type 3 vaccine strain by sucrose. | highly temperature-sensitive and attenuated poliovirus type 3, strain leon 12a1b, was stabilized at 37 degrees c by 15% sucrose without 1 mol/1 mgcl2. the finding will contribute to poliovaccination in tropical countries. | 1989 | 2569817 |
| principal and subsidiary antigenic sites of vp1 involved in the neutralization of poliovirus type 3. | the characterization of over 300 mutants, derived from two strains of poliovirus type 3 and selected for resistance to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies, has led to the further definition of the major antigenic site involved in neutralization. the site encompasses amino acids 89 to 100 of vp1. a subsidiary antigenic site near the c-terminus of vp1 has been identified for the sabin vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3. of 59 monoclonal antibodies to poliovirus type 3 examined, 27 had virus-n ... | 1985 | 2582084 |
| opsoclonus in mumps and poliovirus type 3 encephalitides: a report of 2 cases. | two adult patients with opsoclonus and tremor of the whole body associated with viral infections are reported. the first man presented with mumps (parotitis, orchitis and encephalitis). paired serum mumps titers were both 1:80. the second patient had conjunctivitis and dizziness. acute and convalescent sera showed significant rise of poliovirus type 3 titer. clonazepam attenuated the symptoms in both patients. | 1989 | 2794827 |
| the morphology of butchers' warts as related to papillomavirus types. | hand warts were studied in 160 butchers. clinical and histological studies were performed in 190 warts and virological studies in 165 warts from 104 butchers. since we found almost perfect correlation between the histological pattern and the type of infecting virus, it was possible to evaluate the virus types in a further 39 of 56 butchers without virological studies, on the basis of the histology of the warts. the most common infection was with hpv-2 (human papilloma virus) and hpv-7. thirty-th ... | 1987 | 2821930 |
| studies on the attenuation of the sabin type 3 oral polio vaccine. | the genetic basis of attenuation of the poliovirus type 3 vaccine strain p3/leon 12a1b has been investigated by comparing the nucleotide sequence of this strain with that of its neurovirulent progenitor p3/leon/37 and by constructing recombinants between these two viruses using infectious cdnas. preliminary results suggest that attenuation is caused by just two point mutations, one occurring in the 5' non-coding region and the other causing an amino acid change in coat protein vp3. | 1987 | 2822753 |
| epidermodysplasia verruciformis. a case associated with primary lymphatic dysplasia, depressed cell-mediated immunity, and bowen's disease containing human papillomavirus 16 dna. | epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a rare, often hereditary disease characterized by a generalized cutaneous infection with human papillomavirus (hpv), depressed cell-mediated immunity, and a propensity for transformation of the warty lesions to squamous cell carcinoma on primarily sun-exposed areas of the skin. a 37-year-old man with congenital lymphatic dysplasia and a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the groin and foot was observed by us to have edema of all four extremities, numerous fl ... | 1987 | 2823726 |
| intratypic differentiation of poliovirus strains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa): poliovirus type 2 and poliovirus type 3. | a double-antibody sandwich elisa was developed for the detection of antigenic differences between wild and vaccine-derived strains of poliovirus type 2 and poliovirus type 3. antibodies were prepared in rabbits by immunization with purified antigens of vaccine strains (type 2: sabin p712, and type 3: sabin leon) and wild type strains (type 2: mef, and type 3: pool 30). immunoblotting analysis of all antisera demonstrated that the igg antibodies raised in rabbits have specificity towards the main ... | 1987 | 2826518 |
| virus excretion and strain specific antibody responses after oral poliovaccine in previously immunised children. | a nation-wide campaign with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine was organized in finland in february-march 1985 in order to stop the unexpected outbreak of poliomyelitis. excretion time of the vaccine viruses and antibody responses due to vaccination were studied in a group of healthy 6-year-old children who were classmates to one of the patients during the outbreak and who also had been screened for excretion of the epidemic poliovirus type 3 strain. while faecal excretion of at least one of the ... | 1987 | 2828521 |
| correlation between plaque size and genetic variation of type 3 poliovirus from a vaccinate. | vaccine strain derivatives could be serially isolated from the feces of a healthy infant for about 30 days after the second administration of a trivalent poliovirus vaccine. these were all identified as poliovirus type 3, and no other types were detected. the titer in feces increased gradually until day 19, when it reached a maximum, after which it decreased. the plaque size altered roughly in parallel with the changes in the titer. on day 11 it began to increase, becoming the highest abruptly o ... | 1988 | 2828527 |
| intertypic cross-neutralization of polioviruses by human monoclonal antibodies. | human b cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with poliovirus type 1 were generated by transformation with epstein-barr virus (ebv) b 95-8 of tonsillar lymphocytes from several immune donors. ebv-transformed cells were cloned in semisolid agarose. some neutralizing (nt) human mabs recognized and neutralized only poliovirus type 1, whereas other nt mabs neutralized either poliovirus type 1 and 2 or all three serotypes. mabs reactive with poliovirus type 1 and 3 but not with t ... | 1988 | 2831657 |
| inadequacy of mucosal igm antibodies in selective iga deficiency: excretion of attenuated polio viruses is prolonged. | a nationwide vaccination campaign with oral poliovirus vaccine was organized in finland in 1985 in order to cease an outbreak of poliomyelitis. we followed eight iga-deficient individuals and nine controls for poliovirus excretion in feces and for antibody responses in serum and saliva. five weeks after oral poliovirus vaccination all eight iga-deficient individuals were still excreting polioviruses, in contrast to one of nine controls. the concentration of polioviruses, as estimated by a semi-q ... | 1988 | 2836474 |
| epidemiology of butchers' warts. | studies were carried out in two slaughter-houses in different cities differing in the degree of work automation and, for comparison, in workers of nearby factories of the same two cities. there was a high incidence of warts (49.2%) in a slaughterhouse where the workers had direct contact with animals and meat, while a significantly lower incidence (9%) was observed in a modern slaughterhouse where the work was almost completely automated. the types of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) were similar i ... | 1988 | 2841908 |
| outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis in finland: widespread circulation of antigenically altered poliovirus type 3 in a vaccinated population. | an outbreak of 9 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis and 1 non-paralytic case occurred in finland between august, 1984, and january, 1985, after two decades of freedom from the disease attributable to a successful immunisation programme. during the outbreak poliovirus type 3 was isolated from the patients, from about 15% of healthy persons tested, and from sewage water. at least 100 000 persons were estimated to have been infected. with 1.5 million extra doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine to c ... | 1986 | 2872526 |
| increased neurovirulence associated with a single nucleotide change in a noncoding region of the sabin type 3 poliovaccine genome. | most of the small number of cases of poliomyelitis which occur in countries where sabin's attenuated poliovirus vaccines are used are temporally associated with administration of vaccine and involve polioviruses of types 2 and 3 (ref. 1). recent studies have provided convincing evidence that the sabin type 2 and 3 viruses themselves may revert to a neurovirulent phenotype on passage in man. we report here that a point mutation in the 5' noncoding region of the genome of the poliovirus type 3 vac ... | 1985 | 2986004 |
| a comparison of the effects of cytotoxic cerebrospinal fluid on cell cultures with other cytopathogenic agents. | protein synthesis, antigen synthesis, and cell membrane permeability were analyzed after inoculating human diploid fibroblasts with control or cytotoxic csf, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1), poliovirus 3, or clostridium difficile toxin. whereas protein synthesis and membrane permeability were affected by the viruses, and virus antigens detectable by pooled human serum were synthesized, the bacterial toxin and cytotoxic csf did not induce any new proteins or antigens, although the cytotoxic c ... | 1985 | 2987025 |
| x-linked inheritance of epidermodysplasia verruciformis. genetic and virologic studies of a kindred. | we describe a family with typical epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev) in which only male members are affected. whereas none of the index patient's ten children have ev, four of eight grandsons born to his daughters have inherited the disorder. all are infected with human papillomavirus (hpv) 3 and hpv 8. the inheritance in this kindred most likely results from an x-linked recessive genetic defect. since other kindreds have been described with autosomal inheritance, this novel inheritance patter ... | 1985 | 2990354 |
| recombinants between attenuated and virulent strains of poliovirus type 1: derivation and characterization of recombinants with centrally located crossover points. | recombinants with a centrally located crossover point were selected from crosses between poliovirus type 1 strains and intertypic (type 3/type 1) recombinants. two such recombinants were characterized in some detail. in one of them (v1/a1-6), the 5' half of the genome was derived from a virulent type 1 strain, while the 3' half came from an attenuated type 1 strain. the genome of the other recombinant (a1/v1-7) had the reverse organization, with the 5' and 3' halves being derived from the type 1 ... | 1985 | 2998022 |
| outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland in 1984. description of nine cases with persisting paralysis. | finland has been free of poliomyelitis since 1964 following a high coverage regular immunization programme using the salk-type trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine. in late 1984 an outbreak of poliomyelitis with widespread circulation of poliovirus type 3 throughout the country was found. a thorough surveillance revealed 9 sporadic cases with acute persisting paralysis, all shown to be caused by poliovirus type 3. the preceding 20-year period free from poliomyelitis contributed to some diagn ... | 1986 | 3008307 |
| neurologic complications in oral polio vaccine recipients. | between april 1982 and june 1983 four children 3 to 24 months of age were referred for evaluation of neurologic abnormalities found to be compatible with vaccine-related poliovirus infection, which had not been suspected by referring physicians. patients were epidemiologically unrelated residents of indiana, and none had prior symptoms suggestive of immunodeficiency. all had received poliovirus vaccine orally (first dose in three, fourth dose in one) and a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis injection ... | 1986 | 3012055 |
| papillomavirus dna in warts of immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients. | renal allograft recipients were shown to have an increased incidence of warts and skin cancers. we examined 148 patients for evidence of wart virus infections and tested for papillomavirus types, which are known to be associated with human malignancies. of the 148, 36 (24.3%) patients were afflicted with warts at the end of our study period, in contrast to 5 of 148 (3.3%) before transplantation. dna from 16 different biopsies was extracted by phenol treatment for further virological studies. dna ... | 1986 | 3015050 |
| modulation of humoral response to a 12-amino-acid site on the poliovirus virion. | most monoclonal antibodies to poliovirus 3 but not poliovirus 1 require a single 12-amino-acid sequence in virion protein vp1 for neutralization (site 1). none of the available monoclonal antibodies requiring this site bound virions after tryptic cleavage of site 1. this result allowed the amount of site 1-specific antibodies to be determined in an antiserum by comparing its reactivity with virus and trypsin-cleaved virus. antisera to poliovirus 3 sabin strain (ps3) but not poliovirus 1 sabin sh ... | 1986 | 3018295 |
| the nucleotide sequence of a type 3 poliovirus isolated during a recent outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland. | we have cloned and sequenced the complete genome of a strain of poliovirus type 3 (23127) isolated during an outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland. the genome is 7435 nucleotides long excluding the 3' poly(a) stretch and is 95.5% homologous at the amino acid level to the previously sequenced type 3 strain, p3/leon/37. the most striking feature of the presented sequence is the extent of amino acid substitutions relative to p3/leon/37 and other type 3 strains in areas of known antigenic importance. ... | 1986 | 3020156 |
| prevalence of antibody to poliovirus in england and wales 1984-6. | serum from 995 subjects aged 6 months to 99 years was screened at a dilution of 1/8 for neutralising antibodies to poliovirus. of these samples, 975 (98%) contained antibody to at least one serotype, and 763 (77%) contained antibody to all three, an improvement since previous studies. children aged 8 to 15, however, had a low prevalence of antibody to poliovirus type 3, with only four (40%) of those aged 12 protected. this finding is possibly due to the waning of antibodies induced by the type 3 ... | 1986 | 3021273 |
| detection of poliovirus antigen by enzyme immunoassay. | a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (eia) was developed for the detection of poliovirus antigen. rabbit and guinea pig antisera for the assay were raised against purified poliovirus type 3/fin (strain 3/fin/k) isolated from a fecal specimen from a meningitis patient during an outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland in 1984. the eia was highly specific for poliovirus type 3, and it was about 30 times more sensitive for strain 3/fin/k than for strain 3/saukett used in the inactivated poliovirus vaccine. ... | 1986 | 3023440 |
| [characteristics of the genome of poliovirus type 3 isolated from patients with poliomyelitis in moldavia]. | twelve poliovirus isolates of serotype 3 from patients with paralytic poliomyelitis have been analyzed by oligonucleotide mapping of the viral genomes. all the studied strains were isolated from patients in different regions of the moldavian ssr in 1982. the maps of all isolates are similar but they do not practically possess any large oligonucleotides characteristic of the vaccine strain of type 3 poliovirus. it is concluded that a wild neurovirulent strain of type 3 poliovirus, that circulated ... | 1985 | 3025721 |
| human papillomavirus infections in a group of renal transplant recipients. | one hundred and twenty renal transplant recipients were investigated. fifty-eight (48%) were found to have warts, 13 (11%) keratoses and six (5%) to have, or recently to have had cancers. the longer the time of immunosuppression, the greater the prevalence of warts; of those patients who had had their transplant for at least 5 years, 87% had warts. those with a graft survival time of 10 years or more are at special risk of warts, keratoses and malignancy. five (10%) of 50 women had genital warts ... | 1986 | 3026431 |
| elimination of human enteric viruses during conventional waste water treatment by activated sludge. | the present study was undertaken to determine if viruses were selectively eliminated during waste water treatment. human enteric viruses were detected at all steps of treatment in a conventional activated sludge waste water treatment plant. liquid overlays and large volume sampling with multiple passages on bgm cells permitted the detection of poliovirus (serotypes 1, 2, and 3), coxsackievirus b (serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), and echovirus (serotypes 3, 14, and 22), as well as reoviruses. the me ... | 1986 | 3028589 |
| immune status of the population to poliovirus infection in singapore. | a seroepidemiological survey conducted after two decades of mass immunization against poliomyelitis in singapore showed a high level of herd immunity in the population to all three types of human poliovirus. neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus 1, 2 and 3 were detected in 93.9-96.7% of the population between 6 months and over 40 years old. adults above 30 years of age had a relatively high level of susceptibility to poliovirus infection, with 10.2-12% in the over-30-year age group possessing no ... | 1987 | 3034442 |
| comparison between indirect immunofluorescence and microneutralization for detection of antibodies to polioviruses. | indirect immunofluorescence and microneutralization methods for the detection of antibodies to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 were compared. of the 41 sera tested for poliovirus type 1 antibody, 40% were in complete agreement, 55% differed by one dilution, and 5% differed by two dilutions. for poliovirus type 2, 37 sera were tested; 56% completely agreed, and 44% differed by only one dilution. for poliovirus type 3, complete agreement occurred in 59% of 33 sera, while 41% differed by one dilut ... | 1987 | 3038952 |
| a mouse model for poliovirus neurovirulence identifies mutations that attenuate the virus for humans. | a mutation in the genome of poliovirus type 3 that is known to reduce neurovirulence in humans similarly reduces neurovirulence in mice when incorporated into a mouse-adapted-human poliovirus recombinant. viral recombinants with a uracil at nucleotide position 472 in the 5'-noncoding regions of their genomes are unable to replicate in the mouse brain. viral recombinants with a cytosine at this position are neurovirulent in mice. neurovirulence of poliovirus in mice may therefore prove to be a us ... | 1987 | 3039178 |
| demonstration of calicivirus in human faeces by immunosorbent and immunogold-labelling electron microscopy methods. | immunosorbent electron microscopy (isem) and immuno-gold staining (igs) electron microscopy methods have been applied to human faeces, shown by direct electron microscopy (em) to contain calicivirus. caliciviruses were successfully trapped on grids coated with positive rabbit or human antisera against calicivirus, but not with negative sera. caliciviruses were specifically labelled with gold particles, when treated with positive rabbit or human antisera against calicivirus followed by protein a- ... | 1986 | 3539960 |
| proportions of immunoglobulin isotypes in paralytic poliomyelitis and after vaccination. | immunoglobulin isotype composition of poliovirus antibodies was studied by isotype-specific solid-phase radio-immunoassay (ria) in four patients with paralytic poliomyelitis, five adults receiving live poliovirus vaccine as a booster immunization, and seven children receiving first doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine. in paralytic poliomyelitis serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) poliovirus antibodies were mainly of igg1, igg3, and iga isotypes. igm antibodies were found in sera but not in c ... | 1987 | 3611298 |
| [autohistoradiographic investigations of the lymphatic and splenic localization of poliovirus, type 3, attenuated according to sabin's method and labeled with i-131. (experimental research)]. | | 1966 | 4286574 |
| [studies on the neurovirulence of the attenuated poliovirus type 3 (usol-d) in monkey experiments]. | | 1966 | 4287917 |
| [on the neurovirulence test of poliomyelitis-live vaccine. iv. pathomorphology of monkey poliomyelitis through neuropathogenic poliovirus type 3 (saukett strain) after intralumbar injection in comparison to the attenuated poliovirus strains]. | | 1966 | 4290952 |
| studies on characteristics of poliovirus. 3. investigation of d, rct, h and n markers of poliovirus isolated after vaccination with the type 1, chat strain. | | 1966 | 4293025 |
| [autohistioradiographic research on the localization in the central nervous system of poliovirus, type 3, attenuated with the sabin method and labeled with i-131]. | | 1969 | 4304483 |
| antiviral phenoxathiins and their analogs. study of the structure-activity relationships for antiviral activity and the replacement ability in poliovirus type 3 dependent variants. | | 1970 | 4318071 |
| [a poliomyelitis epidemic caused by poliovirus type 3 in the region of poznan in 1968. preliminary communication]. | | 1968 | 4318103 |
| [predominance of poliovirus type 3 in hospitalized children in the isolation center of the hospital jesus of guanabara]. | | 1971 | 4328918 |
| preservation of enteroviruses by freeze-drying. | a method was developed for freeze-dry stabilization of poliovirus type 3. an ultrafiltration procedure was used to remove salts from infected tissue culture fluid, and the virus was freeze-dried after suspension in an alkaline organic buffer. this method was further tested with other picornaviruses including poliovirus types 1 and 2, coxsackieviruses a9, a20, b2, and b5, echovirus 11, and the encephalomyocarditis virus. freeze-dried preparations of the poliovirus could be shipped to distant labo ... | 1971 | 4332042 |
| neutralizing capacity of poliovirus type 3 antibodies tested against 5 different intratypic variants of poliovirus type 3. a comparative study in children immunized with live, inactivated, or both types of poliovirus vaccines. | | 1971 | 4332939 |
| use of polyelectrolytes and electron microscopy for detection of viruses from stool. | insoluble polyelectrolytes (pe60) were used for the concentration of viruses from stool specimens, confirming the results of wallis et al. (1969). ten percent suspensions inoculated with poliovirus type 3 were used in these experiments. a small number of stool specimens from patients naturally infected with enteroviruses were also tested. preferential adsorption of viruses to pe60 was maximum at a ph range of 4.5 to 6.0. the elution of the adsorbed viruses was optimal at ph 8.5. other parameters ... | 1972 | 4341968 |
| who collaborative studies on poliovirus type 3 strains isolated during the 1968 poliomyelitis epidemic in poland. | in 1968 in poland an extensive outbreak of poliomyelitis, caused by type 3 poliovirus, began about four months after small vaccine trials with the leon 12a(1)b (sabin) and usol-d bac vaccine strains had been carried out. because of the temporal association, and because the first cases appeared in the province in which the usol-d vaccine trial was carried out, a detailed investigation of the strains isolated from cases in the epidemic was made in four laboratories in an attempt to determine wheth ... | 1972 | 4346582 |
| poliovirus type 3 isolation from infants with respiratory diseases. | | 1973 | 4359718 |
| early functions of poliovirus. 3. the effect of guanidine on early functions. | | 1971 | 4399254 |
| [neurovirulence of a new attenuated poliovirus type 3 (usol-d) in a monkey experiment]. | | 1965 | 4956397 |
| [possibility of diseases affecting the central nervous system caused by vaccine strains of poliovirus, type 3]. | | 1972 | 5037754 |
| new poliovirus vaccines: a molecular approach. | this article summarizes recent work on the determinants of antigenicity in poliovirus type 3 and reports on experiments in progress aimed at understanding the molecular basis of attenuation in sabin's type 3 vaccines. ways in which this new information might be used to produce alternative, safe, inexpensive, multivalent vaccines against polio and other enteroviruses are discussed. | 1984 | 6085198 |
| reversion to neurovirulence of the live-attenuated sabin type 3 oral poliovirus vaccine. | the complete nucleotide sequence has been determined of a strain of poliovirus type 3, p3/119, isolated from the central nervous system of a victim of fatal vaccine-associated poliomyelitis. comparison of this sequence with those obtained previously for the sabin type 3 vaccine, p3/leon 12a1b and its neurovirulent progenitor, p3/leon/37, reveals that these three strains are on a direct geneaological lineage and therefore that p3/119 is a bona fide revertant of the vaccine. p3/119 differs in sequ ... | 1984 | 6093054 |
| antigenic analysis of poliovirus type 3 using monoclonal antibodies. | hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to type 3 poliovirus have been prepared and their reactivity with infectious virus ('d' antigen), empty particles ('c' antigen) and isolated virus capsid proteins examined. eight antibodies reacted with epitopes common to 'd' and 'c' antigen and all of these possessed high titres of neutralizing activity. however only 12 out of 19 antibodies which reacted exclusively with 'd' antigen neutralized virus infectivity and some of these reacted only ... | 1984 | 6098495 |