| comparison of talc-celite and polyelectrolyte 60 in virus recovery from sewage: development of technique and experiments with poliovirus (type 1, sabin)-contaminated multilitre samples. | for virus recovery from sewage, a mixture of talc and celite was tested as a possible inexpensive substitute for polyelectrolyte 60 (pe 60). after adjustment of ph to 6 and the addition of 45-60 plaque forming units (pfu)/ml of poliovirus type i (sabin) to the sewage sample under test, 100 ml of it was passed through either a pe 60 (400 mg) or a talc (300 mg)-celite (100 mg) layer; the layer-adsorbed virus was eluted with 10 ml of 10% fetal calf serum (fcs) in saline (ph 7.2). in these experimen ... | 1976 | 10064 |
| inactivation of enteroviruses by ascorbic acid and sodium bisulfite. | poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus type a9, and echovirus type 7 were inactivated by sodium bisulfite and ascorbic acid. inactivation rates depended upon concentration, temperature, and ph. rna infectivity was lost during inactivation; the capsid was also altered by these inactivating agents, as determined by enzyme sensitivity assays and by tests of adsorption to cells. structural modifications of the virus particles were not identical, suggesting that the mechanism of inactivation by ascorbic a ... | 1978 | 29558 |
| development of quantitative methods for the detection of enteroviruses in sewage sludges during activation and following land disposal. | the development and evaluation of methods for the quantitative recovery of enteroviruses from sewage sludge are reported. activated sewage sludge solids were collected by centrifugation, and elution of the solid-associated virus was accomplished by mechanical agitation in glycine buffer at ph 11.0. eluted viruses were concentrated either onto an aluminum hydroxide floc or by association with a floc which formed de novo upon adjustment of the glycine eluate to ph 3.5. viruses which remained in th ... | 1978 | 29559 |
| efficiency of beef extract for the recovery of poliovirus from wastewater effluents. | the efficiency of poliovirus elution from fiber glass cartridge filters (k27), epoxy-fiber glass-asbestos filters (m780), and pleated cartridge filters was assessed by using 3% beef extract (ph 9.0) or 0.1 m glycine (ph 11.5). poliovirus type i, strain lsc, was seeded into 20- to 25-gallon (ca. 75.6- to 95.6-liter) samples of treated sewage effluent and concentrated by using a filter adsorption-elution technique. virus elution was accomplished by using either two 600-ml portions of 3% beef extra ... | 1978 | 30391 |
| measurement of the inactivation kinetics of poliovirus by ozone in a fast-flow mixer. | inactivation kinetics of poliovirus type 1 in ozone demand-free water was investigated by utilizing a fast-flow mixing apparatus. ozonated water and a solution of ozone demand-free water containing a known quantity of poliovirus type 1 were introduced simultaneously into a mixing chamber, both at a constant rate. this mixture was then passed through a narrow tube of known length and diameter into a neutralizing solution. by altering the rate of introduction and/or tube length, different contact ... | 1979 | 36847 |
| influence of ph, salinity, and organic matter on the adsorption of enteric viruses to estuarine sediment. | this study was designed to determine the degree of adsorption of enteric viruses to marine sediment and factors controlling this association. adsorption and elution characteristics of several enteroviruses and one rotavirus to estuarine sediments were studied under varying conditions of ph, salinity, and presence of soluble organics. greater than 99% of the added poliovirus type 1 (lsc), coxsackievirus type b3 (nancy), echovirus type 7 (wallace), and rotavirus (sa-11) adsorbed to sediment. echov ... | 1979 | 39508 |
| enterovirus inactivation in soil. | the inactivation of radioactively labeled poliovirus type 1 and coxsackievirus b 1 in soils saturated with surface water, groundwater, and septic tank liquor was directly proportional to temperature. virus persistence was also related to soil type and the liquid amendment in which viruses were suspended. at 37 degrees c, no infectivity was recovered from saturated soil after 12 days; at 4 degrees c, viruses persisted for at least 180 days. no infectivity was recovered from dried soil regardless ... | 1979 | 44178 |
| human histocompatibility determinants and virus antigens: effect of measles virus infection on hla expression. | histocompatibility antigens on the surface of human lymphoblastoid cells were quantified by a microadsorption technique. during the course of measles virus infection, no quantitative or qualitations in surface hla antigens were observed. in contrast, infection with poliovirus type 1 or vesicular stomatitis virus, or treatment with puromycin (50 microgram/ml) resulted in a significant decrease in surface hla. these experiments suggest that an inhibition of host protein synthesis rather than the i ... | 1977 | 68989 |
| studies on the survival and fate of enteroviruses in an experimental model of a municipal solid waste landfill and leachate. | in laboratory scale municipal solid waste lysimeters containing simulated refuse, and seeded with either laboratory or field strains of poliovirus type 1 and echovirus type 7, viruses were not detected in the lysimeter leachate produced over a 4-month period. in addition, viruses were detected in the lysimeter refuse contents after termination of lysimeter operation. these results appeared to be due to virus retention in the lysimeter caused by virus adsorption and virus inactivation. evidence f ... | 1975 | 172012 |
| further studies of specificity of antibodies contained in antiserum against poliovirus. | antigenic components of mahoney strain (poliovirus type 1) involved in virus neutralization reaction were analyzed with mutant mahoney strains resistant to inhibitors in equine serum (inhibitor-resistant mutants) by means of the kinetic neutralization test. it was shown that absorption of anti-mahoney serum with five inhibitor-resistant mutants yielded sera with different antibodies, of which three had distinct specificities and two specificities possibly partly related to one of those three ser ... | 1976 | 178940 |
| calcium hydroxide (lime) and the elimination of human pathogenic viruses from sewage: studies with experimentally-contaminated (poliovirus type 1, sabin) and pilot plant samples. | | 1976 | 179691 |
| [effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose on enterovirus reproduction in hep-2 cell cultures]. | the influence of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2dg) on reproduction of some enteroviruses was studied. when 2dg was added to carbohydrate-free medium. it exerted a marked inhibiting effect on reproduction of poliovirus type i (virulent and attenuated variants) and coxsackie b1, b2, b3, b5 and b6 viruses. the agent was inactive for virulent and attenuated poliomyelitis type ii viruses. poliomyelitis type iii and coxsackie b4 viruses were shown to be incable of multiplication in carbohydrate-free medium whe ... | 1976 | 180691 |
| test method for determination of virucidal efficacy of liquid surface disinfectants. | a test method was developed incorporating aoac use-dilution stainless steel penicylinders and h.ep.-2 tissue culture cells for the evaluation of disinfectants as virucides. the subsequent collaborative study using herpes simplex and poliovirus type 1 in evaluation against a quaternary ammonium compound, phenolic, and iodiphor disinfectants indicated that the basic test procedure is sound. however, an improved virus concentration technique and a modified method for drying virus-contaminated cylin ... | 1976 | 184075 |
| isolation of apparently wild strains of poliovirus type 1 from sewage in the ottawa area. | in the first 4 months of 1974, 140 gauze pad samples of sewage collected in the ottawa area were analysed by the bs-c-1 cell system for the presence of viruses pathogenic for humans. viruses were isolated from 111 (79%) of the samples. of the 72 (65%) isolates identified by serology and electron microscopic examination, 56 (78%) were reoviruses and 16 (22%), enteroviruses. the enterovirus isolates included one coxsackievirus b4, one vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3, nine vaccine strains of po ... | 1977 | 188533 |
| growth characteristics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) virus in monkey kidney cells. ii. temperature sensitivity of the isolates obtained at various epidemic areas. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) virus strains isolated in eight different areas during epidemics of ahc were tested for the reproductive capacity at 33, 37 and 39 degrees. all of the 25 strains tested grew better at 33 degrees but restrictively at 39 degrees. the degree of temperature sensitivity varied slightly from one strain to the other, but generally exceeded that of attenuated poliovirus type 1, strain lsc2ab. temperature-resistant clones were selected by repeated passages of origin ... | 1976 | 188780 |
| differences in multiplication of virulent and vaccine strains of poliovirus type i, ii, and iii in laboratory animals. | multiplication of virulent and vaccine strains of poliovirus type i, ii and iii in laboratory animals of different species was studied comparatively. the main criterion of virus reproduction was the production of the photoresistant virus progeny after inoculation of the animals with proflavin-photosensitized virus strains. on the whole, virulent poliovirus strains were characterized by replication in a wide range of hosts (monkeys, cotton rats, white mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, chickens, chick e ... | 1977 | 196575 |
| correlation of virus polypeptide structure with attenuation of poliovirus type 1. | several avirulent samples of poliovirus type 1 derived in the process attenuating the neurovirulent mahoney strain show an altered virus capsid polypeptide, vp-1, on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-disrupted virions. | 1977 | 197272 |
| replication of enterovirus 70 in non-primate cell cultures. | replication of the strain j 670/71 of enterovirus 70 (ev70) in non-primate cell cultures at 33 degrees c was studied using strain l (mouse), bhk21 (hamster), rk13 (rabbit), rk17 (rabbit), pk15 (porcine), ib-rs-2 (porcine), esk (porcine), mdbk (bovine), and bk1 (primary bovine) together with that of the lsc, 2ab strain of poliovrus type 1 (pv1) as a control. all the cells tested adsorbed from 54 to 90% of ev70. the replication with complete c.p.e. was evident in rk13, rk17 and bk1 cells; replicat ... | 1977 | 199690 |
| inverted repetitive sequences in human papilloma virus 1 (hpv-1) dna. | | 1977 | 201085 |
| replication of poliovirus (lsc 2 ab) in perfused cultures of mrc-5 diploid cells. | application of a new perfusion culture system to the propagation of poliovirus type 1 (lsc 2 ab) in mrc-5 cells is described. virus production was compared in perfused and stationary cultures of cells at the 26th to 30th population doubling. yield of virus per cell and unit growth surface area were found to be consistently higher in the perfused system by factors of three to five fold respectively. the influence of experimental conditions on these results and the potential of perfusion for large ... | 1976 | 201522 |
| relative sensitivity of three cell substrates to the sabin poliovirus strains. | poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 (sabin strains) were titrated using microtissue culture plates in three different cell substrates: hep 2c, vero and mrc-5 human diploid cells. each type of poliovirus was titrated 60 times. the virus dilutions were inoculated in the three cell substrates and the titres (tcid50/ml) calculated by the spearman-kärber method. the results were analyzed by the u-test (mann and whitney procedure) in a wang 600 computer. for poliovirus type 1 the differences in titres observe ... | 1976 | 201523 |
| seroepidemiological studies of human papilloma virus (hpv-1) infections. | at least two groups of human papilloma viruses can be distinguished serologically: on the one hand hpv 1-3, which are closely related but differ in the restriction enzyme pattern of their dna, and on the other hand hpv-4. the age distributions of patients with warts induced by hpv 1-3 or by hpv-4, respectively, differ markedly. hpv 1-3 predominates between 5 and 15 years of age, whereas hpv-4 could be isolated more often between the ages of 20-25 years. the large number of hpv-1-3-induced warts ... | 1978 | 203545 |
| isoelectric points of polypeptides of standard poliovirus particles of different serological types and of empty capsids and dense particles of poliovirus type 1. | the isoelectric points of polypeptides of standard and dense poliovirus particles and of empty capsids have been determined by isoelectric focusing in urea and by two-dimensional analysis. comparing virus strains belonging to the three serological types of poliovirus, differences in the pi of some, but not all of the structural polypeptides are found. the pi of polypeptides of dense particles and of empty capsids are identical with those of standard particles. polypeptide vpo present in empty ca ... | 1978 | 204736 |
| viruses in sewage: effect of phosphate removal with calcium hydroxide (lime). | during calcium hydroxide (lime) treatment (ph 9.6 to 10.5) of wastewaters for phosphate removal there was also a two-log removal of added poliovirus (type i, sabin) from effluents. a similar virus reduction was seen in the sludge generated in these experiments. however, in view of the limitations of techniques for virus recovery from sludge, only a small portion of the infectious virus present in lime sludge may have been detected. storage of lime sludge at 28 degrees c for up to 48 h produced n ... | 1978 | 210918 |
| two initiation sites for translation of poliovirus rna in vitro: comparison of lsc and mahoney strains. | previous studies in our laboratory provided evidence that the initiation of translation by the mahoney strain of poliovirus type 1 rna in vitro occurs at two unique sites. this study shows that the lsc strain of poliovirus type 1, a multistep, temperature-sensitive mutant of the mahoney strain, also utilizes two sites for the initiation of translation in vitro. incorporation of formyl-[35s]methionine into the amino terminus of newly synthesized polypeptides revealed the production of two labeled ... | 1978 | 212609 |
| a high density component in several vertebrate enteroviruses. | in addition to the major infective component, which bands at a density of 1:34 g/ml in caesium chloride ("light component"), a component with a density of 1:44 g/ml ("heavy component") has been found in harvests of poliovirus (type i), coxsackie b5 virus, a bovine enterovirus (vg-5-27) and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). with svdv about 98% of the infectivity equilibrated at 1 . 34 g/ml but approx. 2% was present as a peak at 1 . 44 g/ml. the morphology of the two forms was similar but the ... | 1975 | 213532 |
| mastomys natalensis papilloma virus (mnpv), the causative agent of epithelial proliferations: characterization of the virus particle. | a virus (mnpv) with the structural characteristics of papilloma viruses was isolated from benign and malignant proliferations of adult animals of the inbred line 'gra giessen' of mastomys natalensis. the particles can be banded in cscl gradients at densities of 1.34 g/ml (full particles) and 1.29 g/ml (empty particles). the virus dna has a buoyant density of 1.7104 g/ml and can exist in three different conformations (supercoiled circular, nicked circular and linear), the sedimentation values of ... | 1978 | 214519 |
| characterization of proteins of human papilloma viruses (hpv) and antibody response to hpv 1. | the serological characterization of virus isolates from verrucae vulgares and plantar warts revealed that hpv 1 and hpv 4 are present in about 50% of these warts with hpv 1 being more prevalent, especially in plantar warts. parallel to the high incidence of hpv 1 infections, about 50% of non-selected young adults contained antibodies against hpv 1. only hpv 4 particles, however, reacted with serum from a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis when tested by immuno-electron microscopy. an e ... | 1978 | 214677 |
| inhibition of a complete replication cycle of human cytomegalovirus in actinomycin pre-treated cells. | the study of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in cultures of human embryo lung fibroblasts, pre-treated with actinomycin d, has shown that under these conditions the virus infection does not proceed beyond the 'early' events of the virus replication cycle. in the same experimental conditions the growth of poliovirus type i, vaccinia virus and herpes simplex type i virus, was completely unaffected. these results suggest that the complete hcmv replication cycle requires some cellular function(s) betwe ... | 1979 | 217966 |
| growth of poliovirus type 1 in a non-primate cell line (ps cell) after artificial adsorption. | | 1978 | 218082 |
| restricted fragmentation of poliovirus type 1, 2 and 3 rnas by ribonuclease iii. | | 1979 | 219203 |
| [detection and persistence of human-pathogenic viruses in chemical sludge (author's transl)]. | virological investigations, using poliovirus type i, were carried out on the detection of enterovirus and their persistence in the chemical sludge from a tertiary treatment process, which could be suitable for agricultural and horticultural applications.--a comparison of six eluents showed that tryptose phosphate broth yielded best results allowing approximately 30% overall recovery with the method described. with sludge of low virus content a concentration was possible with alginate filters and ... | 1978 | 219641 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of bovine papillomavirus infections. | bovine and human sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 (bpv 1 and 2) and human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv 1) in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. human sera did not react with bpv antigens, and bovine sera showed no evidence of antibodies against hpv 1. in contrast, 19% of all bovine sera tested reacted with bpv 1 and 2 antigens, and 35% of human sera revealed antibodies against hpv 1. no serologic evidence was obtained for heterologous infec ... | 1979 | 220453 |
| localization of viral dna-replication in sections of human warts by nucleic acid hybridization with complementary rna of human papilloma virus type 1. | using complementary rna of human papilloma virus type 1 (hpv1) and in situ hybridization techniques the localization of viral dna replication was studied in sections of 38 human virus acanthomata from 31 different patients. in five cases significant labeling was detected by autoradiography. labeling started always in the first or the second suprabasal cell layer and was strongly limited to the nuclei. a remarkable early beginning of the vacuolated process seemed to be correlated with the visible ... | 1979 | 220921 |
| degradation of poliovirus by adsorption on inorganic surfaces. | alteration of the specific infectivity of 3h-labeled ribonucleic acid and 14c-protein labeled poliovirus type 1 by adsorption on inorganic surfaces is investigated by application of kinetic theory to data obtained from sequential extractions of adsorbed virus. some surfaces, e.g., sio2, appear to have no significant effect. on the other hand, cuo substantially decreases the specific infectivity of adsorbed preparations. differences in kinetic plots between 3h-labeled ribonucleic acid and 14c-lab ... | 1979 | 222209 |
| poliomyelitis survey in middle-east countries. | the poliomyelitis survey was started in 1976 in bahrain and kuwait. for each paralytic case, diagnosis was done by virus isolation, neutralizing antibody titration and specific igm characterization. more than 90% of the infants who were ill were less than 2 years old. in bahrain, 17 paralytic cases in 1976 and 12 in 1977 occurred between january and july (annual incidence was respectively 7.7 and 5.4/100,000). the first epidemic was due to poliovirus type 2, the second one to poliovirus type1. f ... | 1978 | 223907 |
| capsid protein precursor is one of two initiated products of translation of poliovirus rna in vitro. | previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that cell-free systems translating the mahoney strain of poliovirus type i rna utilize two unique initiation sites. in this study, defective-interfering particles of poliovirus, which contain deletions in the region encoding the capsid proteins, are shown to initiate translation of proteins in vitro at these same two sites. both the standard virus and the defective-interfering virus rna direct the synthesis of two polypeptides labeled with n-f ... | 1979 | 224212 |
| virucidal activity of some quaternary ammonium compounds. | four different quaternary ammonium compounds were tested by microtechniques for evaluating their activity against the type species of six viral groups very frequently involved in human and animal pathology. three disinfectants showed good activity against five of the representative viruses under test, while the fourth proved less effective. poliovirus type 1 was found to be completely resistant. | 1978 | 226100 |
| characterization of human papillomavirus 3 in warts of a renal allograft patient. | multiple flat wart-like lesions of a renal allograft recipient were shown to contain hpv 3 or a serologically crossreacting virus by indirect immunofluorescence with monospecific animal antisera against hpv [1--5]. the patient's serum revealed virus specific antibodies (immunofluorescence titer 1/80). papillomaviruses were isolated and after in vitro iodination 3 major proteins (mw 70.000, 56.000 and 43.000) were detected by sds polyacryalmide gel electrophoresis. dna was extracted from the wart ... | 1979 | 227966 |
| factors involved in enzyme-linked immunoassay of viruses and evaluation of the method for identification of enteroviruses. | a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for identification of selected enteroviruses: poliovirus type 1, echovirus type 6, coxsackievirus a type 9, and coxsackievirus b types 1 through 6. partially purified viral antigens or virus-specific antibodies were adsorbed to polystyrene spectrophotometer cuvettes, which permitted the assays to be reported and compared in terms of enzyme units specifically reacting. both the adsorbed antigen and the adsorbed antibody methods were approx ... | 1979 | 229122 |
| sequence studies of poliovirus rna. iv. nucleotide sequence complexities of poliovirus type 1, type 2 and two type 1 defective interfering particles rnas, and fingerprint of the poliovirus type 3 genome. | the 32p-labelled genomes of poliovirus type 1, 2 and 3 have been digested with rnase t1 and the products separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. all three fingerprints differ in the separation pattern of the large oligonucleotides. the molar yields of the large rnase t1-resistant oligonucleotides of type 1 and type 2 rna of poliovirus rna are close to one. by comparing the yields of these oligonucleotides to the amount of rna from which they originated, the chain length of type 1 polio ... | 1979 | 230285 |
| possible point mutation sites in lsc, 2ab poliovirus rna and a protein covalently linked to the 5'-terminus. | poliovirus type i, vaccine strain (lsc, 2ab), which is a temperature- and actinomycin d-sensitive mutant derived from type i mahoney strain, was grown in hela cells in the presence of 32p and a low concentration of actinomycin d. seven and a half h p.i., genome 32p-rna was recovered from the purified virion. analysis of rnase ti digests of the rna by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that three possible point mutation sites exist in the large and unique oligonucleotides in the fingerp ... | 1979 | 230298 |
| virus detection in soils: a comparison of four recovery methods. | among nine eluents tested, 0.5% (w/v) isoelectric casein at ph 9.0 and 0.5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk (ph 9.0) were the most efficient in eluting poliovirus type 1 (sabin) from eustis fine sand. however, no significant difference was found between the overall (elution followed by concentration) virus recoveries by non-fat dry milk, isoelectric casein, beef extract, and glycine-edta methods. high overall recovery (75%) of low input (200 pfu) of viruses from 100 g of soil was achieved by the isoelect ... | 1979 | 230890 |
| purification of poliovirus by affinity chromatography. | poliovirus type 1 (mahoney strain) has been purified by retention on a sepharose 4b-antibody column and elution with 3m k thiocyanate. the virus was recovered in excellent yield and its purity was as high as that achieved by detergent treatment followed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. the column could be re-used and its capacity was sufficiently high to make it a useful method for the purification of milligram quantities of the virus. | 1979 | 232144 |
| conserved polynucleotide sequences among the genomes of papillomaviruses. | the dnas of different members of the papillomavirus genus of papovaviruses were analyzed for nucleotide sequence homology. under standard hybridization conditions (tm - 28 degrees c), no homology was detectable among the genomes of human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv-1), bovine papillomavirus type 2 (bpv-2), or cottontail rabbit (shope) papillomavirus (crpv). however, under less stringent conditions (i.e., tm - 43 degrees c), stable hybrids were formed between radiolabeled dnas of crpv, bpv-1, or b ... | 1979 | 232171 |
| coxsackievirus aggregates in muscle cells of a polymyositis patient. | muscle biopsy specimens of a patient with polymyositis showed crystalline structures resembling picornavirus aggregates within muscle cells. the patient's serum reacted in an indirect immunofluorescence assay with autologous muscle cells. a strongly positive immunofluorescence staining was also noted when a section of muscle tissue was reacted with coxsackievirus a9 antiserum, and a weakly positive reaction was noted with coxsackievirus b2 antiserum. no staining was observed after treatment with ... | 1978 | 352989 |
| [dynamics of secretory and serum immunoglobulins in children in the course of vaccinations with live poliomyelitis monovaccines]. | the influence of vaccination with live poliomyelitis monovaccines on the formation of immunoglobulins in the blood serum and the buccal secrets was studied in infants under 1 year. there was a correlation between rises in the levels of serum immunoglobulins (ig) of the a, g, and m classes and titers of neutralizing antibody to the three poliomyelitis virus types. the highest level of secretory iga was observed after immunization with type i monovaccine. the level of secretory iga correlated wit ... | 1978 | 358597 |
| an ultrastructural basis for electrocardiographic alterations associated with duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy. | electrocardiographic abnormalities were identified in 63 (84%) of 75 patients with duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy. a tall r wave over v1 with an abnormal r/s ratio was seen in 64% of the patients, a deep and narrow q wave greater than 4 mm over leads i, v5, and v6 in 44%, sinus tachycardia in 32% and right axis deviation in 16%. other ecg abnormalities included an abnormal pv1 index in 14% of patients and a short p-r interval in 6%. ultrastructural characteristics of the heart were de ... | 1978 | 639232 |
| characterization of miniature pig kidney cells and their resistance to chlamydial infection. | a miniature pig kidney cell line has been established from porcine fetuses taken aseptically by hysterectomy and maintained for more than 50 passages in eagle's minimal essential medium containing 10% heat-inactivated newborn calf serum. cell transfers were performed each week. primary and serially passaged cells were found to be highly refractory to infection by chlamydia trachomatis strains tw-3, bour, and lgv 440l and chlamydia psittaci strains meningopneumonitis and 6bc and insusceptible to ... | 1976 | 944002 |
| human papillomavirus type 1 e4 proteins differing by their n-terminal ends have distinct cellular localizations when transiently expressed in vitro. | two major human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv-1) e4 proteins are found in large amounts in productively infected differentiating wart cells, a 17-kda protein translated from an e1-e4 transcript and a processed 16-kda protein lacking the e1 amino acids at least. the functions of the e4 proteins are still unknown. we have designed an in vitro system allowing the transient expression of three forms of hpv-1 e4 proteins: the 17-kda e1-e4 protein, an e4 protein without the five e1 amino acids (e4-3200), ... | 1992 | 1309915 |
| cytotoxic and viral neutralizing antibodies crossreact with streptococcal m protein, enteroviruses, and human cardiac myosin. | the development of autoimmunity in certain instances is related to infectious agents. in this report, cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize epitopes on both enteroviruses and the bacterium streptococcus pyogenes are described. murine anti-streptococcal mabs that were crossreactive with streptococcal m protein, human cardiac myosin, and other alpha-helical coiled-coil molecules were found to neutralize coxsackieviruses b3 and b4 or poliovirus type 1. the viral-neutralizing anti-st ... | 1992 | 1311095 |
| the effect of cicloxolone sodium on the replication in cultured cells of adenovirus type 5, reovirus type 3, poliovirus type 1, two bunyaviruses and semliki forest virus. | the effect of cicloxolone sodium (ccx) on the replication of typical representatives of different virus families [adenovirus type 5 (ad-5), reovirus type 3 (reo-3), bunyamwera and germiston viruses, poliovirus type 1 (polio-1) and semliki forest virus (sfv)] in tissue culture was investigated. the golgi apparatus inhibitor monensin (mon) and ccx were shown to have analogous effects on some aspects of virus replication. although the mon-like effect of ccx played no role in the antiviral activity ... | 1992 | 1311362 |
| myristylation of poliovirus capsid precursor p1 is required for assembly of subviral particles. | the poliovirus capsid precursor polyprotein, p1, is cotranslationally modified by the addition of myristic acid. we have examined the importance of myristylation of the p1 capsid precursor during the poliovirus assembly process by using a recently described recombinant vaccinia virus expression system which allows the independent production of the poliovirus p1 protein and the poliovirus 3cd proteinase (d. c. ansardi, d. c. porter, and c. d. morrow, j. virol. 65:2088-2092, 1991). we constructed ... | 1992 | 1318418 |
| ulnar nerve inoculation of poliovirus in bonnet monkey: a new primate model to investigate neurovirulence. | a new monkey model of poliovirus neurovirulence has been developed avoiding the currently used intraspinal injection route which traumatizes the spinal cord. poliovirus type 1 (0.1 ml) was inoculated into the ulnar nerve of bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) at the right elbow. five monkeys were inoculated with 10(7) tcid of lsc/2ab (sabin vaccine strain); none developed any illness. limb paralysis, clinically resembling spinal poliomyelitis in children, developed in all four monkeys given greater ... | 1992 | 1320307 |
| inactivation of poliovirus type 1 in mixed human and swine wastes and by bacteria from swine manure. | the persistence of poliovirus type 1 (po1) in mixed septic tank effluent and swine manure slurry was determined, and the antiviral effects of several bacterial cultures isolated from swine manure slurry were demonstrated. in two field experiments, po1 was consistently inactivated more rapidly in the mixed waste than in the control dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (d-pbs). d values (time [in days] for a 90% reduction of virus titer) were 18.7 and 29.9 for the mixed waste and 56.5 and 51.8 for ... | 1992 | 1320368 |
| inactivation of coliphage ms-2 and poliovirus by copper, silver, and chlorine. | the efficacy of electrolytically generated copper and silver ions (400 and 40 micrograms/l, respectively) was evaluated separately and in combination with free chlorine (0.2 and 0.3 mg/l) for the inactivation of coliphage ms-2 and poliovirus type 1 in water at ph 7.3. the inactivation rate was calculated as log10 reduction/min: k = -(log10 ct/c0)/t. the inactivation of both viruses was at least 100 times slower in water containing 400 and 40 micrograms/l copper and silver, respectively (k = 0.02 ... | 1992 | 1322762 |
| [non-radioactive diagnosis of viral infections using "dna-peroxidase" probes]. | dna-peroxidase probes were synthesized according to a modified method (renzetal) for the detection of lambda phage dna (model system), polio, potato x and m, tobacco mosaic viral rnas by spot hybridization onto nitrocellulose membranes. cdnas (300-1400 bases) complementary to the viral rnas were cloned in m13 phage dna or ptz19. efficacy of each step of the probe construction and the diagnostic procedure were thoroughly examined. peroxidase activity manifested with non-toxic stain (nts) was 3-5 ... | 1992 | 1324402 |
| detection of antibodies to the e4 or e7 proteins of human papillomaviruses (hpv) in human sera by western blot analysis: type-specific reaction of anti-hpv 16 antibodies. | to determine the cross-reactivity between early (e) proteins of different human papillomavirus (hpv) types, 346 serum samples were tested with e4 and e7 of hpv 16. two hundred and sixteen of them were also tested with hpv 1 e4, 21 with hpv 11 e4 and e7, and 109 with hpv 18 e4 and e7. viral fusion proteins were expressed in escherichia coli and used as antigens in western blot experiments. the sera were obtained from patients with hpv-associated genital lesions or cervical cancer, from renal tran ... | 1992 | 1326715 |
| molecular cloning of a novel human papillomavirus (type 60) from a plantar cyst with characteristic pathological changes. | in a plantar cyst composed of the wall of the squamous cell layer and the horny inner substance in the lower dermis, we found characteristic pathological changes, such as cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions and vacuolated structure, and, immunohistochemically, the papillomavirus capsid antigen. the human papillomavirus (hpv) dna cloned from the cyst showed no homology with other known prototypes of hpv (hpv 1 through hpv 59) by southern blot analysis under stringent conditions and was named as h ... | 1992 | 1326820 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of four isothiazole derivatives against poliovirus type 1. | the in vitro effects of four isothiazoles [5,5'-diphenyl-3,3'-diisothiazole disulfide, 5-phenyl-3-mercapto-isothiazole, 5,5'-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3'- diisothiazole disulfide, and 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-mercapto-isothiazole] on poliovirus type 1 were studied. the derivatives tested demonstrated remarkable viral inhibition, with a higher selectivity index than the previously studied iminodithiole precursors. under one-step growth conditions, all the isothiazole derivatives caused the greatest activity ... | 1992 | 1332598 |
| seroimmunity to poliomyelitis in an albanian immigrant population. | the immunity against poliomyelitis in a representative sample of the albanian population recently immigrant to italy was evaluated. a significant number of the subjects examined lacked protective antibodies against one or more polioviruses. the most prevalent seronegativity related to poliovirus type 3 (41.3%), followed by poliovirus type 1 (21.5%). this result was more consistent in the younger age groups. our data suggest the hypothesis that this problem arises from the use of a vaccine of dis ... | 1992 | 1333689 |
| in vitro infection of normal human keratinocytes by human papillomavirus type 1 followed by amplification of the viral genome in reconstructed epidermis. | primary cultures of normal human keratinocytes were inoculated in vitro with human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv-1), the agent responsible for deep plantar warts. upon transfer to dead de-epidermized dermis and growth at the air-liquid interface, keratinocytes reconstituted a pseudoepidermis. under these highly differentiating conditions, hpv-1 dna amplification was found to take place in the reconstructed epidermis, being detectable from 7 days after the transfer and persisting for at least 10 day ... | 1992 | 1335028 |
| lymphoproliferative responses to human papillomaviruses in patients with cutaneous warts. | in vitro lymphoproliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with cutaneous warts, caused by infection with human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv-1) or type 2 (hpv-2), were assayed during the course of treatment. purified hpv-1 and hpv-2 were used as antigens, as well as herpes simplex virus (hsv) and concanavalin a (con a). all patients had normal percentages of subsets within the pbmc population and normal lymphoproliferative responses to con a, and those with a ... | 1992 | 1335750 |
| antibody response of children immunized with poliovaccines: an evaluation using two strains of poliovirus type 1. | neutralizing antibody response of children immunized with either opv (3 doses), or ipv (2 doses) was evaluated against poliovirus type 1 sabin vaccine strain and a local neurovirulent isolate. both vaccines elicited significantly better antibody response against the vaccine strain than against the neurovirulent isolate. moreover, approximately 35 per cent of sera contained very low levels of antibody against the virulent virus in spite of good antibody titre against the vaccine strain. the obser ... | 1992 | 1335965 |
| activity of glutaraldehyde at low concentrations against capsid proteins of poliovirus type 1 and echovirus type 25. | the activity of glutaraldehyde (gta) against capsid proteins of poliovirus type 1 and echovirus type 25 was studied to understand the mode of action of this reagent against enteroviruses. the viruses were treated with gta concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.10%. in the poliovirus particles, high-molecular-weight products were formed by 0.05% gta, whereas in the echovirus particles, they were formed at 0.005% gta. these products consist of complexes composed essentially of vp1 and vp3. there s ... | 1992 | 1336351 |
| detection and analysis of human papillomavirus type 1 infection of skin warts from a dermatology clinic in taiwan by southern hybridization. | thirty cases of skin warts from the dermatology clinic at tri-service general hospital were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus type 1 sequences by southern blot hybridization. thirteen of the 30 cases were hpv-1 positive. the prevalence was 43%. episomal hpv-1 sequences were detected in 11 of 13 hpv-1 positive cases. there are two cases which probably contained integrated forms, one contained the higher molecular weight bands, and the other with 6 kb viral genome may be the result ... | 1992 | 1339087 |
| lack of in vitro interference between sa-11 rotavirus and attenuated poliovirus type 1. | to determine if rotavirus interferes with the multiplication of poliovirus, and hence the efficiency of the polio vaccine, the effect of timing and concentration of simian rotavirus (ssa-11) on polio-1 infection in ma-104 cells was studied in vitro by evaluating the cytopathic effect, the reduction of the infectivity titers and the visualization of viral particles by electron microscopy. we found that poliovirus 1 was able to replicate when the challenge dose was administered within the first 8 ... | 1992 | 1339225 |
| growth of poliovirus using alginate entrapped-anchorage dependent vero cells. | obligatory anchorage dependant vero cells were successfully grown in gelatinous-like macrocarriers made of calcium alginate. entrapped single cells were immobilized within the polymerized alginate matrix divide to form large spherical clumps of cells. a cell density of 17 x 10(6) cells/ml of alginate with over 95% viability was obtained after 14 days in spinner flasks. when subjected to poliovirus type i infection, spherical masses of vero cells progressively showed extensive cytopathic effect b ... | 1990 | 1369301 |
| comoviruses and enteroviruses share a t cell epitope. | an in vitro murine t cell proliferation assay was used to determine whether an antigenic epitope(s) recognized by enterovirus-immune t cells is held in common between plant comoviruses and human enteroviruses. splenocytes isolated from c3h/hej mice infected with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) proliferated in vitro not only against a variety of enterovirus (cvb2, cvb3, cvb6, cva16, pv1) antigens, but against comovirus (cpmv, bpmv) antigens as well. splenocytes from mice inoculated with bean pod mottle ... | 1992 | 1370127 |
| epitope-mapped monoclonal antibodies against the hpv16e1--e4 protein. | the human papillomavirus (hpv) e1--e4 protein is the only nonstructural late protein encoded by the virus. we have isolated three hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the e1--e4 protein of hpv16, which is the hpv type most frequently associated with cervical cancer. the three antibodies (tvg 401, 402, and 403) detect adjacent epitopes within the major seroreactive region of the molecule and show no reactivity against the e4 proteins of hpv1, hpv2, hpv4, or hpv6. the e1--e4 protein migra ... | 1992 | 1371027 |
| poliovirus chimeras expressing sequences from the principal neutralization domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | sequences from the principal neutralization domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) strain lai or rf have been expressed in antigenic site 1 of the capsid of the sabin strain of poliovirus type 1. a number of the resulting chimeras were viable. viable variants bearing mutations within the insertion site spontaneously arose from several nonviable chimeras. in general, these mutations result in a decrease in positive charge in the substituted antigenic site 1. two of the chimeras wer ... | 1992 | 1373205 |
| abnormalities of epidermal differentiation associated with expression of the human papillomavirus type 1 early region in transgenic mice. | the promoter region of a keratin 6 (k6) gene was used to regulate expression of the early region of human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv-1e) in transgenic mice. in one line of mice the k6-hpv1e transgene was transcribed in several regions of the skin, the predominant transcript being a 1.1 kb rna including the e4 open reading frame, and e1-e4 protein was detected in the upper suprabasal layers of the skin in paws and tail. a 1.7 kb rna corresponding to the e6/e7 transcript was also prominent in tail ... | 1992 | 1375281 |
| molecular basis of antigenic structures of poliovirus: implications for their evolution during morphogenesis. | neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against poliovirus type 1 were obtained after conventional immunization or combined in vivo-in vitro immunization. antibody binding sites were determined by sequence analysis of neutralization-resistant mutants. site 3 variants had several amino acid substitutions in previously unidentified positions for neutralization resistance. evidence for a linkage of subsites 3a and 3b is presented. some site 3b antibodies as defined previously precipitated 14s subunits, ... | 1992 | 1376371 |
| levels of immunoglobulin g antibodies against defined epitopes of the l1 and l2 capsid proteins of human papillomavirus type 6 are elevated in men with a history of condylomata acuminata. | sera from 159 men attending the sexually transmitted disease clinic at karolinska hospital, stockholm, sweden, were analyzed for the presence of immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg antibodies to a panel of synthetic peptides derived from the e2, l1, and l2 regions of the human papillomavirus types 1 (hpv 1), 6, 8, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33. the study subjects were divided into three groups: (i) asymptomatic men with no history of genital warts who served as controls, (ii) men with visible condylomata, a ... | 1992 | 1378454 |
| presence of human immunodeficiency virus nucleic acids in wastewater and their detection by polymerase chain reaction. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) released by infected individuals or present in human and hospital wastes can potentially cause contamination problems. the presence of hiv-1 was investigated in 16 environmental samples, including raw wastewater, sludge, final effluent, soil, and pond water, collected from different locations. a method was developed to extract total nucleic acids in intact form directly from the raw samples or from the viral concentrates of the raw samples. the iso ... | 1992 | 1476440 |
| conservation of rna-protein interactions among picornaviruses. | picornavirus genomes encode unique 5' noncoding regions (5' ncrs) which are approximately 600 to 1,300 nucleotides in length, contain multiple upstream aug codons, and display the ability to form extensive secondary structures. a number of recent reports have shown that picornavirus 5' ncrs are able to facilitate cap-independent internal initiation of translation. this mechanism of translation occurs in the absence of viral gene products, suggesting that the host cell contains the necessary comp ... | 1992 | 1602550 |
| a comparison of secretory antibodies in breast-fed and formula-fed infants over the first six months of life. | in the present study salivary iga, anti-escherichia coli, anti-beta-lactoglobulin and anti-poliovirus type 1 iga and igm in serum and saliva were evaluated longitudinally in 13 breast-fed and 14 formula-fed infants over the first six months of life. salivary iga was quantified by electroimmunodiffusion; specific iga and igm antibodies were determined in serum and saliva by elisa. salivary iga was significantly lower at age one month in breast-fed compared with formula-fed infants but in breast-f ... | 1992 | 1606387 |
| phenotypic characterization of antigenic hybrids of poliovirus. | three poliovirus hybrids, modified in neutralization antigenic sites (nags) i or ii, were characterized for several phenotypic traits. the modifications to the capsid interfered with some stage of the life-cycle of the virus, since all three hybrids were growth-impaired in comparison to poliovirus type 1 (mahoney) [pv1 (m)], the wild-type parent virus. all hybrids exhibited a reduced growth rate and a small-plaque phenotype, but they were not temperature sensitive. furthermore, only one hybrid w ... | 1991 | 1649944 |
| [antiviral effect of haemanthus albiflos leaves extract on herpes virus, adenovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, rotavirus and poliovirus]. | an hydro-alcoholic extract from haemanthus albiflos leaves (amaryllidaceae) was tested for its potential antiviral activity against two dna viruses: herpes simplex virus type i, adenovirus type 5 and three rna viruses: poliovirus type i, vesicular stomatitis virus, simian rotavirus sa 11. positive results were obtained against herpes virus and all the rna viruses tested. | 1991 | 1651069 |
| immunogenicity and reactogenicity of rhesus rotavirus vaccine given in combination with oral or inactivated poliovirus vaccines and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. | immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine (rrv) were assessed among 72 infants (6 weeks old) in lahore, pakistan, from august to december 1985. special emphasis was placed on the possible interaction or interference caused by giving rrv at the time infants received their first polio immunization. rrv was given to the infants at the same time as diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dtp), oral poliovirus vaccine (opv), or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv). the immune respo ... | 1991 | 1653474 |
| construction and characterization of a poliovirus/rhinovirus antigenic hybrid. | in order to study the properties of foreign antigenic sites expressed on poliovirus a hybrid was constructed in which neutralization antigenic site ia of poliovirus type 1 strain mahoney [pv1(m)] was replaced by neutralization immunogenic site ia (nimia) of human rhinovirus 14 (hrv14). the resulting hybrid was viable, but growth was impaired in comparison to pv1(m). the hybrid expressed both pv1(m) and hrv14 antigenic determinants. when inoculated into rabbits it elicited neutralizing antibodies ... | 1991 | 1653493 |
| intratypic characterization of poliovirus type 1 isolates. | intratypic serodifferentiation of 607 strains of poliovirus type 1 isolated from diverse epidemiological groups, was carried out using strain-specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies. the isolates were from patients of paralytic poliomyelitis from marathwada (an epidemic area) and bombay (endemic area) and from healthy children from emmaneshwaram (vaccinated area). from marathwada where mass scale vaccination with oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) was performed to contain the spread of the epidem ... | 1991 | 1660032 |
| coupled mutations in the 5'-untranslated region of the sabin poliovirus strains during in vivo passages: structural and functional implications. | all entero- and rhinovirus rnas sequenced thus far possess a and u residues at positions corresponding to nucleotides 480 and 525, respectively, of poliovirus type 1. these two nucleotides have been proposed previously to form a base pair. the single exception to this rule appears to be the sabin type 1 strain, which has a g480. isolates of the sabin 1 virus from healthy vaccinees were shown to have either a reversion to a480 or a second-site mutation u525----c, both restoring a potential for ef ... | 1991 | 1661980 |
| structures of bovine and human papillomaviruses. analysis by cryoelectron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. | the structures of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv-1) were determined at 2.5 nm resolution by cryoelectron microscopy and three dimensional image reconstruction techniques. as expected, the reconstructions showed that both viruses consist of a t = 7 icosahedral capsid (approximately 60 nm in diameter) which surrounds a nucleohistone core. the capsid morphologies of the two viruses are nearly indistinguishable. each capsid consists of a shell layer (approx ... | 1991 | 1663794 |
| antibodies may act synergistically or additively with interferon to inhibit poliovirus. | we investigated the protective effects of combinations of interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and serum antibodies against poliovirus type 1 (pv-1) in vitro. our results indicate that the antiviral effects of ifn-alpha and most neutralizing mabs to pv-1 act synergistically to inhibit pv-1. however, the antiviral effects of ifn-alpha and one type specific mab to pv-1 were additive. further, the protective effects observed with combinations of ifn-alpha and r ... | 1991 | 1665535 |
| [cloning and expression of the 3c-proteinase gene from the poliomyelitis virus in e. coli cells]. | expression of the 3c protease gene of poliovirus type 1 (mahoney) in e. coli cells using various vectors was studied. the 3c gene was shown to be expressed effectively upon its cloning in hindii/hindii (bases 5240 to 6770) and in hindii/hindiii (bases 5240 to 6056) fragments of poliovirus cdna in pttq8 vector containing tac-promoter and laci-repressor gene. products of processing at the n-terminal 3c protease gln-gly site and polypeptides formed upon translation from an alternative methionine, w ... | 1991 | 1666949 |
| [a method for recovery of enteroviruses from milk]. | a method of detection of enteric viruses in milk was studied. the high protein content of milk and the protein nature of enterovirus allowed the detection of these viruses using the organic acid flocculation method. the poliovirus type 1 (mahoney strains) and the e.c.h.o.1 isolated from the environment were used as virus model and were inoculated to creamed, half-creamed and whole uht commercialized milk. the method consists on a milk sample clarification with acid precipitation and centrifugati ... | 1991 | 1668634 |
| humoral assays of human sera to disrupted and nondisrupted epitopes of human papillomavirus type 1. | the use of different assay systems and the disparity in results obtained has meant that we have little understanding about the role played by the humoral response during human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. human antibody responses have so far appeared to be largely directed against the major capsid protein, l1. this protein possesses both type-specific and type-common antigenic determinants but it is not known which of these is important in vivo during the natural course of infection. in this ... | 1990 | 1689524 |
| critical role of neighbouring sequences on the immunogenicity of the c3 poliovirus neutralization epitope expressed at the surface of recombinant bacteria. | the c3 neutralization epitope of poliovirus type 1 (pv-1) is a continuous epitope comprised within residues 93-103 of capsid protein vp1. these residues form a loop at the surface of the virus particle. the authors compared the immunogenicity of two peptides which contain this epitope, when presented at the surface of escherichia coli by genetic insertion in the outer membrane protein lamb. one peptide was 13 residues long (vp1:93-103) and the other one contained flanking sequences increasing it ... | 1990 | 1694613 |
| identification of a t-cell epitope adjacent to neutralization antigenic site 1 of poliovirus type 1. | proliferative t-cell responses to poliovirus in various strains of mice have been analyzed by using either killed purified virus or capsid protein vp1 synthetic peptides. following immunization of mice with inactivated poliovirus type 1 (pv1), a specific proliferative response of their lymph node cd4+ t cells was obtained after in vitro stimulation with purified virus. in mice immunized with pv1, pv2, or pv3, a strong cross-reactivity of the t-cell responses was observed after in vitro stimulati ... | 1991 | 1702841 |
| analysis of neutralization-escape mutants selected from a mouse virulent type 1/type 2 chimeric poliovirus: identification of a type 1 poliovirus with antigenic site 1 deleted. | a chimeric type 1/type 2 poliovirus (v510), in which the antigenic site 1 (ag1) of poliovirus type 1 (pv-1) mahoney was replaced by the corresponding site of poliovirus type 2 (pv-2) lansing, is known to be neurovirulent for mice and neutralized by both type 1 and type 2 monoclonal antibodies. neutralization-escape mutants to monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing the pv-2 sequence were obtained from v510. the nucleotide sequence and the mouse neurovirulence of mutants were determined. a ... | 1991 | 1707949 |
| chimeric polioviruses that include sequences derived from two independent antigenic sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) induce neutralizing antibodies against fmdv in guinea pigs. | five poliovirus recombinants containing sequences corresponding to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) antigenic sites were constructed. viable virus was recovered from four of these plasmids, in which the vp1 beta b-beta c loop (antigenic site 1) of poliovirus type 1 sabin had been replaced with sequences derived from the vp1 beta g-beta h loop (antigenic site 1) of fmdv o1 kaufbeuren (o1k), chimera o1.1 (residues 141 to 154), chimera o1.2 (residues 147 to 156), and chimera o1.3 (residues 140 t ... | 1991 | 1709696 |
| the effect of site and mode of expression of a heterologous antigenic determinant on the properties of poliovirus hybrids. | the antigenic site normally situated in the ef loop of vp2 (2ef) of poliovirus type 2 (lansing) [pv2 (l)] was expressed in 2ef or in the bc loop of vp1 (1bc) of pv1 (mahoney) [pv1 (m)]. a hybrid virus expressing the site in 2ef of pv1 (m) is known to be neutralizable by pv2 (l)-specific antisera and to induce neutralizing antibodies against pv-2 (l). in contrast, a hybrid expressing a related sequence in 1bc of pv1 (m), which maintained the length of the native bc loop, was not neutralizable by ... | 1991 | 1713280 |
| cytotoxic effects of children's faeces: relation to diarrhoea due to clostridium difficile and other enteric pathogens. | cytotoxicity of faecal extracts was demonstrated in 47 of 88 children (54%) referred for microbiological investigation of stools. cytotoxic clostridium difficile and vertotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) were the pathogens identified most commonly but cytotoxicity was also found in association with campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp, shigella sonnei, giardia lamblia, rotavirus, adenovirus and poliovirus type 1 which had been acquired by oral immunization. in two patients, one of whom had cyst ... | 1991 | 1715139 |
| the cellular location of a foreign b cell epitope expressed by recombinant bacteria determines its t cell-independent or t cell-dependent characteristics. | we have targeted two foreign b cell antigenic determinants to different locations in the escherichia coli cell to examine what effect this had on antibody responses elicited by the recombinant bacteria. the two epitopes were the 132-145 peptide from the pres2 region of hepatitis b virus and the c3 neutralization epitope of poliovirus type 1. they were each expressed in two forms either on the surface, as part of the outer-membrane protein lamb, or soluble in the periplasm, as part of the peripla ... | 1991 | 1719080 |
| comparison of serum and salivary antibodies in children vaccinated with oral live or parenteral inactivated poliovirus vaccines of different antigen concentrations. | a new antigen-rich inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv) in ordinary (ipv1), double (ipv2) and quadruple (ipv4) antigen concentrations was given in 2 doses to 6 and 18 week old pakistani infants. the immune responses to poliovirus types 1 and 3 were compared to those in infants given three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) at 6, 12 and 18 weeks of age. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, elisa, was used to estimate igg and iga in serum and secretory iga (siga) in saliva. two to three years la ... | 1991 | 1785289 |
| specific antibodies to poliovirus type i in breastmilk of unvaccinated mothers before and seven years after start of community-wide vaccination of their infants with live, oral poliovirus vaccine. | secretory iga (siga) antibodies against poliovirus type 1 were determined using the elisa method in breastmilk samples obtained each month from 100 young, healthy, unvaccinated mothers living in urban slum areas of lahore, pakistan. the study covered two different groups, one in 1980-1981 and the other in 1987, before and seven years after a nation-wide expanded programme of childhood immunization (epi) had started. the siga titres did not change neither with duration of lactation nor with time ... | 1991 | 1785290 |
| catalysis of poliovirus vp0 maturation cleavage is not mediated by serine 10 of vp2. | the maturation of the poliovirus capsid occurs as the result of a single unexplained proteolytic event during which 58 to 59 copies of the 60 vp0 capsid protein precursors are cleaved. an autocatalytic mechanism for cleavage of vp0 to vp4 and vp2 was proposed by arnold et al. (e. arnold, m. luo, g. vriend, m. g. rossman, a. c. palmenberg, g. d. parks, m. j. nicklin, and e. wimmer, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 84:21-25, 1987) in which serine 10 of vp2 is activated by virion rna to catalyze vp4-vp2 ... | 1991 | 1845893 |
| use of type 1/type 2 chimeric polioviruses to study determinants of poliovirus type 1 neurovirulence in a mouse model. | we previously described the characteristics of a type 1/type 2 (pv-1/pv-2) chimeric poliovirus, v510, which contains the six amino acids specific for pv-2 in the b-c loop of vp1. this virus was found to be mouse-adapted, as pv-2 and in contrast with pv-1. determinants of host range were studied in detail and are reported here. pv-1/pv-2 chimeras containing partial pv-1----pv-2 substitutions in the b-c loop of vp1 were obtained by making use of a mutagenesis cartridge on pv-1 cdna. analysis of mo ... | 1991 | 1846492 |
| 4'-hydroxy-3-methoxyflavones with potent antipicornavirus activity. | 4'-hydroxy-3-methoxyflavones are natural compounds with known antiviral activities against picornaviruses such as poliomyelitis and rhinoviruses. in order to establish a structure-activity relationship a series of analogues were synthesized, and their antiviral activities and cytotoxicities were compared with those of flavones from natural origin. the 4'-hydroxyl and 3-methoxyl groups, a substitution in the 5 position and a polysubstituted a ring appeared to be essential requirements for a high ... | 1991 | 1847431 |