| development of quantitative methods for the detection of enteroviruses in sewage sludges during activation and following land disposal. | the development and evaluation of methods for the quantitative recovery of enteroviruses from sewage sludge are reported. activated sewage sludge solids were collected by centrifugation, and elution of the solid-associated virus was accomplished by mechanical agitation in glycine buffer at ph 11.0. eluted viruses were concentrated either onto an aluminum hydroxide floc or by association with a floc which formed de novo upon adjustment of the glycine eluate to ph 3.5. viruses which remained in th ... | 1978 | 29559 |
| survival of coxsackievirus b3 under diverse environmental conditions. | the survival of coxsackievirus b3 was studied under various conditions of incubation. the comparative study demonstrated that coxsackievirus b3 was stable for 24h (less than 0.4-log decrease in titer) when suspended at neutral ph (6 or 23 degrees c) in the presence of 0.25% bovine serum albumin in saline regardless of whether the preparations were subjected to evaporation. bovine serum albumin provided increased stability to the virus for each of the conditions tested. at 37 degrees c, evaporati ... | 1979 | 39495 |
| elution and uncoating of coxsackievirus b3 by isolated hela cell plasma membranes. | plasma membranes isolated from hela cells on discontinuous sucrose gradients were assayed for their capacity to elute and uncoat coxsackievirus b3 at 37 c. because the viral receptors are limited to the surface of hela cells, the addition of radioactively labeled virus to the cells prior to cell homogenization provided a useful marker for locating the plasma membranes during the fractionation procedure. four bands were formed on the discontinuous sucrose gradients with approximately 70% or more ... | 1975 | 123011 |
| coxsackievirus and adenovirus infection. association with acute febrile and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. | the prearthritic manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a 16-year-old boy were associated with a rise in coxsackievirus b3 and a9 neutralizing antibody titers from 1:16 to larger than or equal to 1:512, and 1:64 to 1:512, respectively. recurrent polyarthritis followed and has persisted for three years. adenovirus 7 was isolated from the pericardial fluid of a 9-year-old girl in whom juvenile rheumatoid arthritis then developed. of 11 patients with acute, nonspecific, febrile arthriti ... | 1976 | 177792 |
| assessment of cell-mediated hypersensitivity against coxsackievirus b3 viral-induced myocarditis utilizing hypertonic salt extracts of cardiac tissue. | hypertonic kcl extracts prepared from heart tissues of adolescent cd-1 mice inoculated with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) were tested for antigenicity in evaluating cell-mediated sensitivity to cvb3 virus utilizing the agarose droplet cell-migration-inhibition assay. immune mouse peritoneal exudate cells (impec) from mice immunized against cvb3 virus and freund's complete adjuvant were specifically inhibited in the cell-migration-inhibition assay with graded doses of kcl-extracted antigen and purifie ... | 1978 | 207775 |
| potentiation of coxsackievirus b3 infection in adult mice pretreated with a gold salt. | in mice treated with sodium aurothiomalate (myocrisin), prior to infection with coxsackievirus b3, 90% of the animals died by the 11th day postinfection (p.i.). a mortality of 10% was noted in mice receiving myocrisin only, and no deaths occurred in animals infected with virus alone. the highest amount of virus was recovered from the pancreas of myocrisin-treated mice on day 3 p.i. this was over 500-fold higher than the virus titer found in the pancreas of mice infected with virus only. generall ... | 1978 | 215719 |
| assessment of coxsackievirus b3 ts mutants for induction of myocarditis in a murine model. | ten temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants isolated from a myocarditis-inducing wild-type (wt) coxsackievirus b3 parent did not induce myocarditis in adolescent cd-1 mice. an avirulent prototype ts mutant from one of the three complementation groups adsorbed to murine cardiac tissue, as did wt virus. heart tissues from mice inoculated with wt virus contained 100- to 1,000-fold more virus than heart tissues from mice inoculated with any of the three prototype ts mutants. wt virus exhibited a greater ... | 1979 | 217832 |
| limited persistence of viral antigen in coxsackievirus b3 induced heart disease in mice. | | 1979 | 219431 |
| fractionation and immunologic assessment of kcl-extracted cardiac antigens in coxsackievirus b3 virus-induced myocarditis. | hypertonic salt extracts prepared from the heart tissues of adolescent cd-1 mice were fractionated on sephadex g-100 columns. two separate fractions were obtained. fraction i, containing the antigenic immunoreactive activity, was able to inhibit the migration of cvb3-ppd immune mouse peritoneal exudate cells (impec) as well as pec from mice infected with cvb3 virus alone. fraction ii did not have antigenic activity as assessed by the agarose droplet cell migration inhibition assay. as controls, ... | 1979 | 221592 |
| properties of coxsackievirus b3 variants which are amyocarditic or myocarditic for mice. | inoculation of adolescent cd-1 mice with one variant of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3m) results in induction of readily observable myocardial lesions, whereas inoculation of siblings with a second variant (cvb3o) results in little or no myocarditis. these variants could not be distinquished from each other on the basis of replication properties in hela cells or cardiac tissues in vivo, sensitivity to human interferon in hela cells, induction of interferon in the mouse, generation of detectable levels ... | 1979 | 225441 |
| myocardial uptake of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate in experimental viral myopericarditis. | distribution of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate was studied in mice with experimentally induced viral myopericarditis. myocardial and bone uptakes of tc-ppi were compared in 55 mice inoculated with coxsackievirus b3 (nancy strain). the myocardium-to-bone uptake ratio in 33 mice with myopericarditis was increased to a greater extent than that seen in 22 mice without myopericarditis (p less than 0.001). in the severely involved heart, the uptake per gram exceeded that in the bone. myocardial ... | 1979 | 231641 |
| stabilization of "a" particles of coxsackievirus b3 by a hela cell plasma membrane extract. | previous studies in our laboratory showed that hela cell plasma membranes were recovered from sucrose gradients in two major bands and that the heavier band possessed a putative inhibitor of uncoating of coxsackievirus b3. it has now been found that the mechanism of inhibition is the stabilization of "a" particles against inactivation at 37 degrees c. [3h]uridine-labeled virions converted to a particles by band 4, the heavier band, were four times more stable at 37 degrees c than those produced ... | 1979 | 513203 |
| severe arrhythmias in coxsackievirus b3 myopericarditis. | | 1978 | 646424 |
| histological changes in the intestinal tract of pregnant mice infected with coxsackievirus b3. | | 1975 | 803899 |
| coxsackievirus b3 infection in pregnancy and its influence on foetal heart development. | infection of mice on the 12th or 14th day of pregnancy with coxsackievirus b3 resulted in the birth of growth-retarded young which died soon after birth and exhibited an abnormal heart development. the ratio of heart weight to body weight in these offspring was higher than normal. the auricles were prominent and the ventricles developed such that the heart apex was bifid in appearance. this anomalous cardiac development may have been due to a direct viral pathogenicity in the developing tissue ... | 1977 | 911668 |
| immunization of mice against coxsackievirus b3 and prevention of foetal growth retardation. | coxsackievirus b3 infection in pregnant mice leads to a severe pancreatitis with a retardation of foetal growth and increased wastage. the present study demonstrates that animals may be immunized actively or passively against this infection to allow foetal development to proceed normally. active immunization was achieved by injecting a low dose of live virus into 4-week-old animals. these mice were then mated at 10 weeks and given a high dose of virus on the eighth day of pregnancy. examination ... | 1976 | 999788 |
| isolation of coxsackievirus b3 temperture-sensitive mutants and their assignment to complementation groups. | | 1976 | 1027435 |
| influence of time of infection during pregnancy with coxsackievirus b3 on maternal pathology and foetal growth in mice. | coxsackievirus b3 causes foetal wastage and growth retardation in mice which may be attributed to the action of the virus in destroying the maternal exocrine pancreas. injection of virus on day 4 or 8 of gestation caused greater foetal wastage than injection at 12 days. foetal and placental weights in infected animals were less than in the controls but did not vary according to the time of infection. little support is offered for the view that the mouse foetus differs in its susceptibility to co ... | 1975 | 1106750 |
| pathological changes in pregnant mice infected with coxsackievirus b3 and given dietary casein hydrolysate supplement. | coxsackievirus b3 infection in pregnant mice leads to a severe pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in the mothers and retarded foetal growth. as a consequence of the pancreatic damage, the animals are rendered incapable of digesting sufficient amounts of dietary proteins to allow maternal liver development to proceed as normal for the pregnant rodent. faecal nitrogen was increased and the maternal livers were small for the weights of the animals and exhibited a lower than normal nitrogen content. ... | 1975 | 1174463 |
| histological observations on epidermal development in fetal mice subject to intrauterine growth retardation due to maternal infections with coxsackievirus b3. | infection of mice with coxsackievirus b3 on the 8th day of pregnancy resulted in fetal growth retardation. a histological examination of interscapular back skin of infected fetuses revealed an immature pattern of differentiation at 18 days gestation with the epidermis being appreciably thinner than normal, but equivalent to that of a 15-day fetus. the pattern of keratinization as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy, and the deposition of epidermal phospholipid were normal in these retarded f ... | 1975 | 1174606 |
| ongoing enterovirus-induced myocarditis is associated with persistent heart muscle infection: quantitative analysis of virus replication, tissue damage, and inflammation. | coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis in different immunocompetent mouse strains was used as a model to investigate interrelationships between virus replication and development of chronic enteroviral heart disease. using in situ hybridization to detect enteroviral rna, we show that heart muscle infection is not only detected in acute myocarditis but is also detected during the chronic phase of the disease. coxsackievirus b3 could evade immunological surveillance in a host-dependent fashion, thus ... | 1992 | 1309611 |
| enteroviral infection of mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. evidence for direct viral pathogenesis of myocardial injury. | inbred mice with genetically determined severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) lack mature t and b lymphocyte functions. to distinguish direct viral effects in the pathogenesis of myocarditis from those mediated by antigen-specific and histocompatibility-complex-restricted host immunity, we inoculated coxsackievirus b3 into homozygous young adult scid mice. we found that infected scid mice invariably developed extensive myocarditis between 7 and 14 days postinoculation with high subsequent mort ... | 1992 | 1309927 |
| coxsackievirus b3 from an infectious cdna copy of the genome is cardiovirulent in mice. | a coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) cdna clone, upon transfection of hela cells, produces cvb3 capable of induction of cardiac inflammation in c3h/he mice by day 8 post inoculation (p.i.). liver and serum are cleared of cvb3 by day 8 p.i., but cvb3 persists in the heart through day 14. the nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of this clone have sites of divergence from 2 other completely sequenced cvb3 genomes although overall identity of the three cvb3 genomes is 99%. | 1992 | 1310000 |
| ultrastructural alterations of the conduction system in mice exhibiting sinus arrest or heart block during coxsackievirus b3 acute myocarditis. | by light and electron microscopy we studied the sinus nodes and atrioventricular (av) conducting tissue of six c3h/he mice having coxsackievirus b3 acute myocarditis. sinus arrest was documented in all six mice, and second- or third-degree av block was documented in three of the six mice. although myocarditic changes in the conduction system, especially in the sinus node, were less than those in atrial and ventricular working myocardium, there were distinct abnormalities within both the sinus no ... | 1992 | 1310565 |
| search for coxsackievirus b3 rna in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy using gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification assay was developed to detect coxsackievirus b3 ribonucleic acid (rna) in blood and myocardial tissue of explanted hearts from 40 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation and in 1 normal heart. twenty-one patients were affected by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy of different duration and 19 by coronary artery disease. coxsackievirus b3 in vitro infected vero cells and cells infected by related human enteroviruses (coxsackievirus b2, b4, and ... | 1992 | 1311139 |
| coxsackievirus b3-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, il-1 beta, and il-6 in human monocytes. | infections by coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) have previously been shown to cause acute and chronic myocarditis characterized by a heavy mononuclear leukocyte infiltration and myocyte necrosis. because clinical and experimental evidence suggested that cardiac damage may result from immunologic rather than viral mechanisms, we examined in this study the in vitro interaction of cvb3 with human monocytes. cvb3 was capable of infecting freshly harvested monocytes as revealed by immunofluorescence and relea ... | 1992 | 1312105 |
| viral genomic detection in the hearts of c3h/he mice with experimental coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis by gene amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. | on the basis of the detection of the enteroviral rna in the hearts of patients with healed myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, we investigated cardiac viral persistence in experimental myocarditis. weanling c3h/he mice were given myocarditis by inoculation with coxsackievirus b3 (nancy strain), and their hearts were examined by genomic studies and viral isolation up to the 180th day after inoculation. the virus was isolated from the heart until the 9th day. by slot-blot hybridization, viral ... | 1992 | 1312649 |
| a mouse model of coxsackievirus myocarditis. | to develop a mouse model of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) myocarditis. | 1992 | 1313735 |
| evaluation of the effects of low molecular weight heparin on inflammation and collagen deposition in chronic coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis in a/j mice. | coxsackievirus, group b, type 3 (cvb3) infection of a/j male mice induces chronic myocarditis with increased interstitial fibrosis and collagen deposition. heparin, a naturally occurring sulfated glycosaminoglycan, has both anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activities besides its well-known anticoagulant activity. this study determined whether heparin treatment could decrease either cardiac inflammation or fibrosis in chronic cvb3-induced myocarditis. control mice were either untreated or treat ... | 1992 | 1321562 |
| heat-shock protein induction in adriamycin and picornavirus-infected cardiocytes. | both chemicals, such as the chemotherapy agent adriamycin, and viruses, such as the picornaviruses coxsackievirus b3 and encephalomyocarditis virus, cause metabolic injury in myocardial cells. this injury includes depression of cellular rna and protein synthesis and production of oxygen free radicals which are known to induce increased expression of "heat-shock" or stress proteins (hsp). these hsp can stimulate potent t lymphocyte responses that may then contribute to cardiac damage associated w ... | 1992 | 1323730 |
| successive infection of coxsackievirus b3 and encephalomyocarditis virus: an animal model of chronic myocarditis. | successive infection of coxsackievirus b3 and encephalomyocarditis virus was investigated as a disease model of chronic myocarditis. four-week-old c3h/he mice were inoculated with coxsackievirus b3 and then inoculated with encephalomyocarditis virus at 8 weeks old. the hearts were evaluated on histopathological changes compared with those of non-infected mice and mice infected with either virus alone. at 10 weeks old, the hearts of the mice infected successively with both viruses showed co-exist ... | 1992 | 1325552 |
| mapping of the rd phenotype of the nancy strain of coxsackievirus b3. | the rd variants of group b coxsackieviruses differ from their parental strains in having the ability to replicate in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, rd. the nucleotide sequence of the p1 region of the rd variant of coxsackievirus b3 strain nancy (cb3nrd) was determined by sequencing cloned cdnas, obtained by pcr amplification. a comparison between the established nucleotide sequence and that of the p1 region from the parental virus revealed 12 point mutations which corresponded to six amino ... | 1992 | 1326828 |
| intracardiac thrombus in murine coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis. | we studied the appearance of intracardiac mural thrombi with time and the relationship between thrombosis and congestive heart failure (chf) in murine coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) myocarditis. four- to six-week-old c3h/he mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with cb3 and were observed for 90 days. mice were sacrificed periodically on days 4, 8, 14, 30, and 90. among 129 mice with myocarditis, 35 (27.1%) developed chf and 40 (31.0%) demonstrated thrombi after day 8. the total incidence of thrombosis ... | 1992 | 1328146 |
| synergistic interaction of interferon-beta and interferon-gamma in coxsackievirus b3-infected carrier cultures of human myocardial fibroblasts. | the antiviral effects of human interferon-beta (ifn-beta) and human recombinant interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma) were studied in persistently coxsackievirus b3-infected carrier cultures of human myocardial fibroblasts over a period of 21 days. synergism was observed with concentrations as low as 30 iu of ifn-beta plus 10 iu of rifn-gamma/ml, reducing mean viral titers from 6.0 x 10(7) to 1.3 x 10(4) pfu/ml and number of infected cells from 14.4% to 0.1% as determined by quantitative in situ hybridi ... | 1992 | 1328409 |
| combination treatment with ribavirin and interferon for coxsackievirus b3 replication. | the effects of combined treatment with ribavirin and recombinant human leukocyte interferon-alpha a/d against coxsackievirus b3 replication were investigated in cultured cells. recombinant human leukocyte interferon-alpha a/d was applied 12 hours before coxsackievirus b3 inoculation and ribavirin was applied 1 hour after coxsackievirus b3 inoculation on fl (human amnion) cell monolayers. these drugs inhibited coxsackievirus b3 replication synergistically by plaque-reduction assay. this method of ... | 1992 | 1328433 |
| t cells expressing the gamma delta t-cell receptor potentiate coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis. | initial studies determined whether intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of balb/c mice with 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg of adriamycin (a cardiotoxic anthracycline antibiotic) for times ranging between 1 and 9 weeks prior to i.p. injection of 10(5) pfu of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) would alter the severity of virus-induced myocarditis. prior adriamycin exposure enhanced pathogenicity of a poorly pathogenic cvb3 variant (h310a1) but had no effect on myocarditis produced by the pathogenic variant (h3). cardiac v ... | 1992 | 1328680 |
| extracellular matrix remodelling after coxsackievirus b3-induced murine myocarditis. | weanling inbred balb/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with a myocarditic variant of coxsackievirus b3. at days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 24 and 30 post-infection (p.i.), myocardial tissue was harvested for viral infectivity titrations and histological studies, including routine techniques (haematoxylin-eosin, masson trichrome and von kossa) and specialized procedures (silver impregnation for reticulin, picrosirius red stain for collagen and immunoperoxidase labelling for laminin). virus was ... | 1992 | 1329915 |
| cellular and molecular bases for the immunopathology of the myocardial cell damage involved in acute viral myocarditis with special reference to dilated cardiomyopathy. | cell-mediated autoimmunity has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of the myocardial cell damage involved in viral myocarditis. to investigate the cellular and molecular bases of both target cells and effector cells for cell-mediated cytotoxicity involved in viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, we first examined the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens and a cell adhesion molecule, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) in myocardial cells of a muri ... | 1992 | 1331556 |
| genomic detection of enteroviruses in the myocardium--studies on animal hearts with coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis and endomyocardial biopsies from patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. | we examined myocardial tissues for the presence of enteroviral rna in animal models with experimental coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis and in endomyocardial biopsy samples obtained from patients clinically diagnosed as having dilated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) gene amplification with enterovirus-generic primers and/or coxsackievirus b3-specific primers. in animal models, coxsackievirus b3 was detected in myocardial tissues up to 28 days, 56 days and 180 days ... | 1992 | 1331557 |
| effects of polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase on coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis in mice. | the aim was to examine the role of oxygen derived free radicals in the development of myocarditis by investigating the effects of polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase (peg-sod), a potent scavenger of oxygen free radicals, upon coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) myocarditis. | 1992 | 1336713 |
| detection of viral rna in experimental coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis of mice using the polymerase chain reaction. | the presence of the viral rna in the myocardium in experimental coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis of mice was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). four-week-old c3h/he mice (n = 35) were inoculated with coxsackievirus b3 (nancy strain, 10(5) plaque-forming units/mouse). we used a pair of primers, which encompass a part of the 5' end sequence of the coxsackievirus b3 genome and can also detect many enteroviral rnas. we found that hearts were positive for the viral rna from 2 to 21 ... | 1992 | 1337265 |
| effect of verapamil on acute coxsackievirus b3 murine myocarditis. | the effect of verapamil (ver) on cvb3 murine myocarditis was investigated. it was found that ver could aggravate the myocardial inflammation, increase the viral replication in myocardium, and raise mortality in mice with viral myocarditis when the drug was injected within the first 6 days after the cvb3 inoculation. | 1992 | 1337875 |
| polyclonal immunoglobulin therapy protects against cardiac damage in experimental coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. | balb/c male mice infected i.p. with 2 x 10(5) plaque forming units (pfu) of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) develop severe myocarditis 7 days later. studies were performed to determine whether therapy with normal polyclonal immunoglobulin would prevent cardiac inflammation. partially purified immunoglobulin was derived from pooled mouse serum by ammonium sulphate precipitation. infected animals given either 100 or 1000 micrograms of this preparation for 2 days prior to infection showed greater than 50% ... | 1992 | 1349527 |
| detection of enterovirus rna in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy by polymerase chain reaction. | the pathogenic role of enterovirus in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy has been determined through a molecular biologic approach. sensitivity in the detection of viral genomes in tissues varied between conventional nucleic acid hybridization and polymerase chain gene amplification. to improve diagnosis, we developed a strategy for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect viral rna. we synthesized two sequence-specific oligonucleotides, primer 1 (5'daccgac ... | 1992 | 1358340 |
| effect of enterovirus infection on susceptibility of hela cells to shigella flexneri invasivity. | invasiveness of shigella flexneri m90t in hela cells was significantly increased when cells were preinfected with poliovirus 1, coxsackievirus b3 and echovirus 6. this effect was dependent on the dose of virus used, evident at early stages of viral infection and lasted hours before the appearance of a cytopathic effect. an increase of bacterial invasion ability was also noticed when hela cells were incubated with uv-inactivated enteroviruses. this enhancing effect obtained with both viable and u ... | 1992 | 1364020 |
| a method for the preparation of purified antigens of coxsackievirus b3 from a large volume of cell culture supernatant. | a simple procedure was used for the concentration and partial purification of coxsackievirus b3 (nancy strain). for a large-scale production of virus. vero cells grown in roller bottles were used. virus concentrate from a large volume of cell culture supernatant was prepared by precipitation with 6% (w/w) polyethylene glycol. this crude antigen was further purified by banding in cesium chloride gradient using ultracentrifugation. the infectivity and haemagglutination activity of virus were check ... | 1992 | 1364026 |
| expression and purification of recombinant 3c proteinase of coxsackievirus b3. | we have cloned various lengths of coxsackievirus b3 cdna encompassing the region encoding the 3c proteinase, which is essential to the viral replication cycle. such viral cdnas were fused in frame to the 5'terminal portion of the lacz' gene carried on the vector puc118 to express mature 3c proteinase in escherichia coli. in the e. coli cells containing pcxb108 or pcxb117, constructed for this study, a large amount of 23-kda protein was synthesized in the presence of iptg. this protein was purifi ... | 1992 | 1369382 |
| comoviruses and enteroviruses share a t cell epitope. | an in vitro murine t cell proliferation assay was used to determine whether an antigenic epitope(s) recognized by enterovirus-immune t cells is held in common between plant comoviruses and human enteroviruses. splenocytes isolated from c3h/hej mice infected with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) proliferated in vitro not only against a variety of enterovirus (cvb2, cvb3, cvb6, cva16, pv1) antigens, but against comovirus (cpmv, bpmv) antigens as well. splenocytes from mice inoculated with bean pod mottle ... | 1992 | 1370127 |
| the effects of fk-506, a novel and potent immunosuppressant, upon murine coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis. | to test the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppression with fk-506 upon coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis, c3h/he mice were inoculated with coxsackievirus b3, and the effects of fk-506 were compared to those of cyclosporine. fk-506 (2.5 mg/kg/day) or cyclosporine (25 mg/kg/day) was administered s.c. daily on days 0 to 14 (experiment i) and on days 14 to 28 (experiment ii). in experiment i, the survival rate of the fk-506 or cyclosporine-treated group was significantly lower compared with that of the ... | 1992 | 1372051 |
| treatment of coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis by immunoactive peptide in an animal model. | the effect of immunostimulant therapy on acute viral myocarditis, induced with coxsackievirus b3 (cb3), was investigated in c3h/he mice. peritoneal exudate cells (pec) or spleen cells (sc) from mice pretreated with a synthetic immunoactivating peptide fk565 significantly inhibited the multiplication of cb3 in c3h/he mouse embryo fibroblast cells compared with pec or sc from nontreated mice in vitro (6.45 +/- 0.20 log10 pfu/ml; control: 6.85 +/- 0.05, p < 0.05; 6.40 +/- 0.07, control: 6.78 +/- 0. ... | 1992 | 1395125 |
| a genetic system for studying the activity of a proteolytic enzyme. | we describe a genetic system for monitoring the activity of a specific proteolytic enzyme by taking advantage of the properties of the yeast transcriptional activator gal4. the gal4 protein contains two separable and functionally essential domains: the amino-terminal dna binding domain and the carboxyl-terminal transcriptional activating domain. we constructed two hybrid proteins by inserting between the dna binding domain and the activation domain of gal4 either (i) a self-cleaving protease (3c ... | 1992 | 1570342 |
| a common viral infection can change nickel target organ distribution. | the autoradiographic distribution of the toxic heavy metal nickel (ni) was studied at 4 and 7 days post-coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) infection in balb/c mice. the distribution of the iv injected 63ni was studied 10 min, 4 hr, and 24 hr after administration. results clearly show that the site of 63ni accumulation is greatly changed during this viral infection. this newly discovered distribution was mainly visible as a greatly increased accumulation in the pancreas and the wall of the ventricular myoca ... | 1992 | 1585370 |
| adoptively transferred anti-idiotype pulsed b cells mediate autoimmune myocarditis. | syngeneic mice receiving adoptively transferred enriched b cells or splenocytes pulsed in vitro with polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) against anti-cvb3 virus antibodies developed coxsackievirus b3 antigen-binding and virus-neutralizing antibodies during a 30-day period, in addition to overt expression of autoimmune myocarditis. adoptive transfer of anti-id pulsed t cells resulted in delayed appearance and transient expression of antiviral antibodies, and antiviral antibodies were ... | 1992 | 1639508 |
| mapping of a neutralizing antigenic site of coxsackievirus b4 by construction of an antigen chimera. | a neutralizing antigenic site of coxsackievirus b4 (cvb4) was identified by construction of an antigen chimera between coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) and cvb4. this chimera, designated cvb3/4, was constructed by inserting five amino acids of the putative bc loop of the structural protein vp1 of cvb4 into the corresponding loop of cvb3 by site-directed mutagenesis of infectious recombinant cvb3 cdna. the chimeric cdna was capable of inducing an infectious cycle upon transfection of permissive host cell ... | 1991 | 1645779 |
| expression of perforin in infiltrating cells in murine hearts with acute myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus b3. | cell-mediated autoimmunity has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. | 1991 | 1650300 |
| elution of autoantibodies from the hearts of coxsackievirus-infected mice. | circulating heart-reactive antibodies are commonly reported in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy patients. while these observations support the hypothesis that autoimmune mechanisms may be involved in pathogenesis, such evidence is largely circumstantial. the current studies demonstrate that heart-reactive antibodies can be eluted from the hearts of infected coxsackievirus b3-infected a/j mice with post-infectious autoimmune myocarditis, but not from the hearts of infected b10.a mice which are resi ... | 1991 | 1655441 |
| cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis as a model of postinfectious autoimmunity. | immunization with purified cardiac myosin induces autoimmune myocarditis in a strain mice. because this disease parallels coxsackievirus b3 (cb3)-induced myocarditis in many respects, we are now using the immunization model as a virus-free system to study certain forms of immunologically-mediated heart disease. in the present article we will describe several characteristics of the humoral and cellular autoimmune response acting in myosin-induced myocarditis. furthermore, we discuss hypotheses wh ... | 1991 | 1655442 |
| natural history of coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis in aca/sn mice: viral persistence demonstrated by quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry. | enteroviruses are considered to be the major aetiological agents of myocarditis in humans. recent in situ hybridization studies on endomyocardial biopsies and autopsy hearts indicate that enterovirus rna can be detected (pattern of persistent infection) not only in acute myocarditis (pattern of acute infection), but also in chronic dilated cardiomyopathy. our experimental studies on murine coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis provided evidence that persistent infection may also occur in mice. quantitat ... | 1991 | 1655443 |
| induction of cytokine release from human monocytes by coxsackievirus infection. | coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infections produce an inflammatory and immune response that suggests the involvement of cytokines. in this in vitro study, we exposed purified human monocytes to cvb3 and determined the release of interferon (ifn), interleukin 1 beta (il-1 beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha). exposure to cvb3 did not alter the viability of monocytes, however, it induced an increased adherence. after 12 and 24 h of cvb3 exposure, monocytes released large amounts of ifn, il- ... | 1991 | 1655444 |
| naturally occurring anti-idiotypic antibodies--mechanisms for autoimmunity and immunoregulation? | coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infections induce myocardial inflammation which is presumably mediated by autoimmune mechanisms in the experimental murine model. naturally occurring antibodies that also bind to myocytes have been identified that can either abrogate or enhance cardiac injury by modulating the immune response. monoclonal antibodies derived from cvb3-infected mice were immobilized to plastic and overlaid with spleen cells obtained from mice infected with 5 x 10(4) plaque forming units of ... | 1991 | 1655445 |
| treatment of experimental murine coxsackie b3 myocarditis. | using the murine model of coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis we studied the effects of various immunosuppressive agents on the course and outcome of the disease in genetically different strains of mice. the response to drug treatment varied greatly among the strains of inbred mice, which suggests different immune pathomechanisms operative in mediating myocarditis. | 1991 | 1655448 |
| molecular epidemiology of a coxsackievirus b3 outbreak. | an outbreak of coxsackievirus b3 infection occurred in south africa in 1984 with a variety of clinical manifestations being observed. fifty-one isolates from patients ranging in age from young babies to middle-aged adults were obtained. to define further the epidemiology of this outbreak all isolates were characterised by either 1- or 2-dimensional oligonucleotide mapping. one-dimensional mapping was found to be highly successful for initial screening of the isolates before further characterisat ... | 1991 | 1655966 |
| an attenuated variant of coxsackievirus b3 preferentially induces immunoregulatory t cells in vivo. | balb/c mice infected with the woodruff variant of coxsackievirus group b type 3 (cvb3w) develop myocarditis mediated by autoimmune cytolytic t lymphocytes. a variant of cvb3w (designated h3-10a1) which infects the myocardium but induces minimal mortality of myocarditis compared to the parental virus was selected. although h3-10a1 infections stimulate normal ctl responses to cvb3-infected myocytes, the autoimmune response to myocardial antigens is absent. treatment of h3-10a1-infected mice with 5 ... | 1991 | 1656071 |
| genetic control of coxsackievirus b3-induced heart-specific autoantibodies associated with chronic myocarditis. | cardiac-specific autoantibodies to sarcolemmal and cardiac myosin antigens observed during the chronic phase of coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis appear to be under autosomal recessive control. this observation is based on examination of f1 hybrids bred from a/j mice which develop chronic myocarditis and c57bl/6j mice which resolve the virus-induced lesions. previous mouse studies demonstrated that the prevalence of heart-specific autoantibodies varied with the h-2 complex. however, in 25 h- ... | 1991 | 1657464 |
| heart-specific autoantibodies can be eluted from the hearts of coxsackievirus b3-infected mice. | this study was undertaken to determine if immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies could be eluted from the hearts of mice with coxsackievirus b3-induced autoimmune myocarditis and to characterize the immunoreactivity of any elutable autoantibodies. susceptible (a/j) and resistant (b10.a) mice were administered the virus or the control treatment and killed at various times after treatment. acid eluates from pooled heart tissue from each treatment group and each time were tested for igg reactivity with ... | 1991 | 1660795 |
| pathogenesis of myocardial injury in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. | the pathogenesis of myocardial cell injury in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy was investigated. the presence of viral genomes in the murine heart in experimental coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis was studied by northern blotting analysis using a 32p-labeled cdna probe from the 5' end sequence. the strongest signal of positive autoradiograms was always at about 7.4 kilobases, corresponding to the size of the complete genome of the virus. successive infections with coxsackievirus and encephalomyocardit ... | 1991 | 1660942 |
| murine acinar pancreatitis preceding necrotizing myocarditis after coxsackievirus b3 inoculation. | balb/c weanling mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with a myocarditic variant of coxsackie-virus b3, with the aim of characterizing more fully the cell damage induced in the heart as well as in other organs. during the first week postinfection (pi), all animals developed acinar pancreatitis, followed by focal myocarditis. in accordance with the increasing infectivity titers, such progressive histopathological changes correlated with local viral replication. from day 4 pi, acinar degeneration ... | 1991 | 1662707 |
| in vivo significance of t cells in the development of coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis in mice. immature but antigen-specific t cells aggravate cardiac injury. | acute myocardial damage similar to that seen in human myocarditis occurs in balb/c mice after infection with coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) or encephalomyocarditis virus (emc). to investigate the role of antigen-specific t cells in the pathogenesis of this disorder, we compared cb3 disease expression in t cell-deficient, athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, in heterozygote (nu/+) mice with normal t cell function, and in nu/nu mice reconstituted with spleen cells from cb3- or emc-infected nu/+ mice. acute myocard ... | 1990 | 1697791 |
| [virus demonstration and pathologic changes in different phases of coxsackievirus b myocarditis in mice]. | a/j mice between 15 days and 10 weeks of age were infected intraperitoneally with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3). to search for virus in the myocardium various methods were applied: virus isolation from the myocardium, rna extraction for dot blot hybridization and in situ hybridization. two different rna probes, one specific for cvb3 the other cross-reacting with other enteroviruses, were radioactively labeled with 35s or 32p by in vitro transcription. in paraffin sections histological alterations wer ... | 1990 | 1708625 |
| [patterns of acute and persistent infections in enteroviral heart diseases]. | enteroviruses are considered as the major etiologic agents of myocarditis in humans. recent in situ hybridization studies on endomyocardial biopsies indicate that not only in acute myocarditis (pattern of acute infection), but also in chronic dilated cardiomyopathy enterovirus rna can be detected (pattern of persistent infection). our experimental studies on murine coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis provided evidence that persistent infection occurs also in mice. quantitative in-situ hybridization an ... | 1990 | 1708626 |
| anti-coxsackievirus b3 neutralizing antibodies with pathological potential. | adolescent cd-1 mice inoculated with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3m) will develop acute myocarditis with focal lesions by 7 days post-inoculation (p.i.). administration of murine sera containing anti-cvb3m-neutralizing antibodies into cvb3m-inoculated mice at 3 days p.i. will exacerbate myocarditis, suggesting the presence of pathological antibodies. to study potential pro-inflammatory properties of virus-induced antibodies, a panel of anti-cvb3m-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was generated ... | 1991 | 1717270 |
| immunological mechanisms in experimental coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis in mice. | to address unresolved questions, experimental models of viral myocarditis may be of great value. in this study, immunological mechanisms of myocardial damage in coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis in mice were investigated. the results showed that susceptibility to viral infection is primarily determined by the genetic background of the host, that the severity of myocarditis depends not upon b cells but upon t cells, and that antigen-specific t cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute co ... | 1991 | 1721094 |
| role of interferon in lethality and lymphoid atrophy induced by coxsackievirus b3 infection in mice. | to assess the importance of interferon (ifn) in the pathology of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb-3) infection, we evaluated both mortality rate and lymphoid involution in young adult balb/c mice infected with lethal doses of the virus and treated either with anti-ifn antibody or with murine ifn-alpha/beta. administration of antibody to ifn caused a profound worsening of the pathology and an increase in the mortality rate in infected animals. treatment with murine ifn exerted a significant ameliorative ef ... | 1991 | 1722097 |
| cellular infiltrate, major histocompatibility antigen expression and immunopathogenic mechanisms in cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis. | immunization with cardiac myosin induces severe myocarditis in genetically predisposed mice. the disease closely parallels that seen after infection with coxsackievirus b3 and is characterized by a diffuse interstitial cellular infiltrate. to analyze the immunopathologic events in the heart tissue of cardiac myosin-immunized a/j and a.sw mice, the phenotype of inflammatory cells and the expression of class i and class ii major histocompatibility (mhc) antigens (ag) was examined at different time ... | 1991 | 1753703 |
| cell-free expression of the coxsackievirus 3c protease using the translational initiation signal of an insect virus rna and its characterization. | we have expressed the 3c protease of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) in a cell-free system. this expression system employs the translational initiation signal of an insect virus rna, black beetle virus (bbv) rna 1, to direct cvb3-specific protein synthesis. using this expression system, we demonstrate that a biologically active 3c protease is synthesized which possesses both cis and trans processing capabilities. this in vitro-synthesized 3c protease is analogous to the native 3c, which was obtained fr ... | 1991 | 1767582 |
| autoanti-idiotypes exhibit mimicry of myocyte antigens in virus-induced myocarditis. | mice infected with coxsackievirus b develop immunologically mediated inflammatory myocarditis in heart tissue that results in the development of autoantibodies with multiple idiotypes. the specificity and temporal development of autoantibodies produced during coxsackievirus b3 infection were assessed. antiviral idiotypes and anti-idiotypic antibodies against coxsackievirus b3 idiotypes were detected and quantitated over 21- and 42-day periods, respectively. both polyclonal and monoclonal anti-id ... | 1991 | 1845881 |
| detection of coxsackievirus b3 rna in myocardial tissues by the polymerase chain reaction. | coxsackievirus b3 is a possible etiologic agent in some forms of myocarditis and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. a method for the detection of coxsackievirus b3 rna was developed using the polymerase chain reaction based on the amplification of a cdna copy of the positive-strand viral rna. the fidelity of the method was established in two murine models for coxsackie b3 myocarditis. all cardiac specimens with adequate rna for study from coxsackie b3-infected mice contained detectable viral rna ... | 1991 | 1847008 |
| selection of an attenuated coxsackievirus b3 variant, using a monoclonal antibody reactive to myocyte antigen. | previously, we described a heart-reactive monoclonal antibody (mab), 10a1, derived from a coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3)-infected mouse. this mab selectively inhibits infection of hela cells and myocytes with the myocarditic virus variant (cvb3w). a plaque-purified variant (h3) of cvb3w was isolated from the heart of an infected animal, and a second virus (h3-10a1) was obtained by growing h3 in hela cells in the presence of mab 10a1. as with the parental cvb3w virus, h3 infection of hela cells can be ... | 1991 | 1847455 |
| susceptibility to coxsackievirus b3-induced chronic myocarditis maps near the murine tcr alpha and myhc alpha loci on chromosome 14. | this study was undertaken to determine the genetic control of host susceptibility to coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3)-induced chronic myocarditis in a mouse model. an autosomal recessive autoimmune myocardial disease (amd) gene (possibly more than one gene), which determined susceptibility to cvb3-induced chronic myocarditis in the a/j and dba/2j inbred mouse strains, was mapped to a segment of chromosome 14. data from both the axb/bxa recombinant inbred (ri) strains and the b10.d2(57n) h-8b congenic mi ... | 1991 | 1848043 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus and other enteroviruses in water by ssrna probes. | sensitive and specific methods are needed to detect hepatitis a virus (hav) and other human enteroviruses in environmental samples such as drinking water and foods. clones of cdna encoding the 5'-most 1 kb of the hav and coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) genomes were subcloned into t7/sp6 rna transcription vectors. in vitro transcribed rna from the t7 promoter detected their respective hav or cb3 genomic rna. conversely, sp6 transcripts detected viral negative-stranded rna but not the genome. when both ss ... | 1991 | 1849914 |
| expression of functional beta-galactosidase containing the coxsackievirus 3c protease as an internal fusion. | alpha complementation of beta-galactosidase (beta gal) is intracistronic and requires interaction between the alpha donor region (residues 3-41) and alpha acceptor fragment (produced by m15). we have constructed two plasmids which direct the synthesis of hybrid beta gal: coxsackievirus proteins in escherichia coli. one plasmid, pbd1045, encodes an enzymatically active 3c protease of coxsackievirus b3 fused between the amino-terminal 79 amino acids of beta gal (containing the alpha donor region) ... | 1991 | 1904218 |
| evidence for a group-specific enteroviral antigen(s) recognized by human t cells. | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 normal, healthy adult volunteers proliferated in vitro against a panel of enteroviral antigens, including coxsackievirus b3, coxsackievirus b2, coxsackievirus b6, coxsackievirus a16, and poliovirus 1. no proliferation against the cardiovirus encephalomyocarditis virus occurred. lymphocytes obtained from cord blood drawn from seven neonates were uniformly nonresponsive to enteroviral antigens. although serum neutralization antibody titers indicated ... | 1990 | 1975596 |
| differential effects of myocarditic variants of coxsackievirus b3 in inbred mice. a pathologic characterization of heart tissue damage. | the histopathologic features reflecting the influence of virus genotype and host differences on myocarditis were evaluated in six inbred mouse strains (c57bl/6, b10.d2, balb/c, dba/2, a/j, and c3h/hej) inoculated with four respective variants of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3-cg, -sh, -st, or -nr). the most severe and most prevalent histologic lesions occurred after infection with cvb3-sh or -cg variants, regardless of mouse strain. in general, c57bl/6 mice showed the lowest susceptibility to myocardit ... | 1991 | 1990209 |
| cardiovascular lipid accumulation with coxsackie b virus infection in mice. | the authors used a myocarditic coxsackievirus b3 infection in balb/c mice to investigate cardiovascular lipid accumulation and whether a cholesterol-enriched diet influences the development of the myocardial inflammatory reaction. it was found that, seven days after cb3 infection, the accumulation of 14c-cholesterol increased by 75% (p less than 0.001) in the heart and by 92% (p less than 0.001) in the aorta. this infection also caused extensive inflammatory lesions (4.5% of tissue section area) ... | 1990 | 2153346 |
| beneficial effects of captopril in acute coxsackievirus b3 murine myocarditis. | to date, there is no universally accepted therapy for viral myocarditis. we investigated the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on both early and late phases of coxsackievirus murine myocarditis. mice were infected with coxsackievirus b3 and were divided into two main protocols. mice in the early treatment protocol (n = 30) were treated on day 1 after infection with either captopril or saline through day 6 of infection and euthanized on day 6 of infection. in the lat ... | 1990 | 2155071 |
| coxsackievirus-b3-induced myocarditis: virus receptor antibodies modulate myocarditis. | | 1990 | 2155966 |
| secondary enterovirus infection in the murine model of myocarditis. pathologic and immunologic aspects. | enteroviruses are implicated as etiologic agents in the inflammatory diseases myocarditis and polymyositis. in this report, we show that a previous enterovirus exposure in mice can influence development of myocardial inflammation with a second enteroviral exposure. inoculation of 25-day-old male c3h/hej mice with 10(3) or 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu) of infectious or ultra violet (uv)-inactivated coxsackievirus b2 (cvb2), followed by inoculation 28 days later with 10(5) pfu of a myocarditic ... | 1990 | 2156432 |
| progressive interstitial collagen deposition in coxsackievirus b3-induced murine myocarditis. | myocardial fibrosis can be produced in certain inbred strains of mice after coxsackievirus b subtype 3 (cvb3) infection. the mechanism responsible for this interstitial matrix alteration is unknown. the presumption is that fibrosis occurs in areas of myocyte damage and inflammation associated with viral infection, analogous to scar formation after cell injury in other organ systems. to test this hypothesis, we examined the hearts of a/j strain mice infected with three cvb3 variants (crowell [cvb ... | 1990 | 2156433 |
| effect of enteroviruses on adherence to and invasion of hep-2 cells by campylobacter isolates. | coinfection of hep-2 epithelial cells with coxsackievirus b3, echovirus 7, poliovirus (lsc type 1), porcine enterovirus, and campylobacter isolates was performed to determine if a synergistic effect could be obtained. the invasiveness of campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560 was significantly increased for hep-2 cells preinfected with echovirus 7, coxsackievirus b3, and uv-inactivated (noninfectious) coxsackievirus b3 particles. additionally, the invasiveness of c. jejuni m96, a clinical isolate, was ... | 1990 | 2156779 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of infectious coxsackievirus b3 cdna: two initial 5' uridine residues are regained during plus-strand rna synthesis. | a full-length reverse-transcribed, infectious cdna copy of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of this cardiotropic enterovirus. comparison of the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the viral precursor polyprotein with the sequences of other group b coxsackieviruses (cvb1 and cvb4) demonstrates a high degree of genetic identity. they share about 80% homology at the nucleotide level and about 90% when the amino acid sequences of the polyp ... | 1990 | 2157045 |
| modification of exercise-aggravated coxsackievirus b3 murine myocarditis by t lymphocyte suppression in an inbred model. | the effects of t lymphocyte suppression on coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) myocarditis and its augmentation by exercise were determined in this study. three-week-old male c3h/hen mice were divided into four groups. group 1 mice were infected intraperitoneally (ip) on day 0 with cb3 10(2.5) tcid50, were made to swim daily from days 1 to 9, and were immunosuppressed with daily doses of cyclosporine a (25 mg/kg ip) from days -2 to 8, plus 0.1 ml antithymocyte 1.2 igg 2a monoclonal antibody ip on day 0. mic ... | 1990 | 2157783 |
| echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus. | although echovirus 22 (ev22) is classified as an enterovirus in the family picornaviridae, it is atypical of the enterovirus paradigm, typified by the polioviruses and the coxsackie b viruses. cdna reverse transcribed from coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) rna does not hybridize to genomic rna of ev22, and conversely, cdna made to ev22 does not hybridize to cvb3 genomic rna or to molecular clones of cvb3 or poliovirus type 1. ev22 cdna does not hybridize to viral rna of encephalomyocarditis virus or to a ... | 1990 | 2159539 |
| molecular approaches to enteroviral diagnosis in idiopathic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. | enteroviruses are thought to be etiologic agents in some cases of human myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. murine models of acute coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis implicate coxsackie b viruses as possible causes of human myocarditis. indirect evidence implicating enteroviruses as causative agents in human heart disease derives from serologic studies. more recently, direct evidence for enteroviral presence in diseased human heart tissues has been obtained by nucleic acid hybridization analyses. ... | 1990 | 2161026 |
| molecular detection and identification of enteroviruses using enzymatic amplification and nucleic acid hybridization. | analysis of enteroviral genomes has revealed that the 5' nontranslated region is highly conserved, providing consensus sequences for the design of oligonucleotides which should anneal to most, if not all, human enteroviral rnas. we designed and used a pair of such generic primers to enzymatically amplify cdna from coxsackievirus group b types 1 through 6, poliovirus types 1 through 3, 4 coxsackievirus a types, and 29 echoviruses. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products generated with these ... | 1990 | 2161866 |
| expression of major histocompatibility complex class i antigen in murine ventricular myocytes infected with coxsackievirus b3. | evidence has accumulated that t cell-mediated autoimmunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. t lymphocytes are known to recognize antigen-presenting cells, such as virus-infected cells, being restricted by syngeneic major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens. to clarify in more detail the immunological mechanisms involved, we induced acute viral myocarditis in c3h/he mouse ventricles with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) and examined, by immunofluorescence, the expre ... | 1990 | 2165443 |
| induction of heterotypic virus resistance in adult inbred mice immunized with a variant of coxsackievirus b3. | infection of adult male c3h/hej mice with a host range variant of coxsackievirus b3 (cb3w-rd) induced resistance in these mice to an otherwise lethal dose of coxsackievirus b1 (cb1). the protective effect induced by cb3w-rd was detectable as early as 1 day post-vaccination and was still present 10 weeks later. while untreated mice infected with cb1 died within 5 days because of massive hepatic necrosis, the liver was spared in mice immunized with cb3w-rd and then challenged with cb1. in general, ... | 1990 | 2166894 |
| immunosuppression with high doses of cyclophosphamide reduces the severity of myocarditis but increases the mortality in murine coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis. | to test the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (cyp) on coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) myocarditis, 2-week-old dba/2 mice were inoculated with 3 x 10(2) plaque-forming units of cb3 virus. cyp (100 mg/kg/day s.c.) was administered daily on days 0-8 (experiment 1; group 2), days 8-21 (experiment 2; group 4), and days 21-34 (experiment 3; group 6). groups 1, 3, and 5 were infected control groups for each experiment. spleen, thymus, and body weights were measured. in experiment ... | 1990 | 2168299 |
| species-specific substrate interaction of picornavirus 3c proteinase suballelic exchange mutants. | the substrate recognition properties of the polio-virus type 1 and coxsackievirus b3 3c proteinases have been examined in vitro by allelic and suballelic exchange of 3c between the cloned virus genomes. the activity of the altered 3c proteinases was examined by translation of synthetic rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate/hela cell extract translation system. analysis of the subsequent processing of virus polyproteins by the altered 3c proteinases showed that all of the mutant proteinases maintai ... | 1990 | 2168426 |
| enhancement of coxsackievirus b3 replication in vero cells by indomethacin. | | 1990 | 2169504 |
| mumps, enteroviruses, and human acute pancreatitis. | the presence of mumps virus and enterovirus rna was studied by in situ hybridization in 15 surgical biopsy specimens from patients with acute pancreatitis. 35s-labeled crna probes, detecting the 5' end of the poliovirus type 3, a 1.1-kb fragment of the polymerase gene region of coxsackievirus b3, and mumps virus mrna, encoding the nucleocapsid protein, were used. the controls consisted of mumps virus-infected and uninfected cultured cells, normal human and mouse pancreatic tissue, and mouse tiss ... | 1990 | 2171134 |