| removal of enteroviruses from sewage by bench-scale rotary-tube trickling filters. | the efficacy of a rotary-tube type of trickling filter for removing coxsackievirus a9, poliovirus 1, and echovirus 12 suspended in raw settled sewage was investigated. at filtration rates equivalent to about 10 mgd (million gallons per day)/acre (ca. 3,785 m3/day per acre), the filters removed 95% of the poliovirus, 83% of echovirus 12, and 94% of coxsackievirus a9. coliform, fecal streptococci, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand removals were remarkably similar, averaging 94, ... | 1975 | 169731 |
| studies on the interaction between coxsackievirus a9 and hela cells. i. plaque-forming ability of coxsackievirus a9 in hela cell cultures. | most of the coxsackievirus a9 (ca 9 virus) including the prototype strain formed plaques in hela cell monolayers under agar overlay, although they showed little or no cytopathogenicity under fluid medium. these viruses were isolated or passaged in primary cynomolgus monkey kidney (mk) cell cultures, and the infectivity of any strain in terms of plaque-forming units was much higher in mk cells than in hela cells, even after plaque purification of the virus in hela cell cultures. ca 9 virus contai ... | 1976 | 184325 |
| studies on the interaction between coxsackievirus a9 and hela cells. ii. mode of growth of coxsackievirus a9 in hela cell cultures and the effect of sulfated polysaccharide on plaque formation. | for the purpose of clarifying the mechanism of plaque formation in hela cell cultures by coxsackievirus a9, which does not show definite cpe in fluid cultures, we investigated the growth pattern of the virus in hela cells, comparing plaque (hela)-forming and non-plaque (hela)-forming viruses. it was revealed that the yield of both viruses per cell was nearly the same, but non- plaque (hela)-forming virus was far less efficient in infecting hela cells. dextran sulfate was effective in releasing m ... | 1976 | 184326 |
| correlation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 with clinical features of infection. | strains (338) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) were isolated in stockholm during 1965-1974. by immunoelectroosmophoresis it was possible to identify all strains as either hsv type 1 (hsv-1) or 2 (hsv-2). no strains of intermediate antigenic type or with untypable characteristics were found. the antigenic type of hsv was correlated with body site and clinical features of infection. a case of severe, recurrent, abdominal pain in association with hsv-2 infection is described. in one patient with acute ... | 1977 | 188954 |
| variation in susceptibility of hela cell lines to coxsackievirus a9. | in the course of serial passages for several years a line of uncloned hela cells (a line) showed a gradual decrease in plaquing efficiency by coxsackievirus a9 (ca9 virus), while subcultures prepared from the same line kept frozen at an early passage level (a original line) did not show any change. however, it was observed later that the plaque-forming ability of the a original line (a orig. line) also decreased after serial passages as was observed with the a line. comparing the characteristics ... | 1979 | 222235 |
| etiology of sporadic aseptic meningitis in children in the leningrad area. | the etiology of sporadic aseptic meningitis among children in the leningrad area in 1974 was studied. 184 patients and 284 healthy children of the same age groups were studied; altogether 540 stool specimens and 99 cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected for virus isolations and 162 pairs of sera for virus antibody assays. mumps virus infection was the etiology of the disease only in 5% of cases. the main etiological role of enteroviruses was proved. strains most often associated with disea ... | 1979 | 223233 |
| coxsackievirus aggregates in muscle cells of a polymyositis patient. | muscle biopsy specimens of a patient with polymyositis showed crystalline structures resembling picornavirus aggregates within muscle cells. the patient's serum reacted in an indirect immunofluorescence assay with autologous muscle cells. a strongly positive immunofluorescence staining was also noted when a section of muscle tissue was reacted with coxsackievirus a9 antiserum, and a weakly positive reaction was noted with coxsackievirus b2 antiserum. no staining was observed after treatment with ... | 1978 | 352989 |
| the nucleotide sequences of wild-type coxsackievirus a9 strains imply that an rgd motif in vp1 is functionally significant. | we have shown previously that, compared to other enteroviruses, the coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) prototype strain, griggs, contains a c-terminal extension to the capsid protein vp1 and that within this extension there is an rgd (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif. to determine whether these features are found in other cav-9 strains and therefore analyse whether they are likely to be functionally important, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the appropriate region from five strains, is ... | 1992 | 1312121 |
| treatment of coxsackievirus a9 myocarditis in mice with win 54954. | the therapeutic efficacy of an experimental antiviral agent, win 54954, was evaluated in murine myocardial infection with coxsackievirus a9 (cva9). eight-month-old male swiss webster mice were inoculated with 1.5 x 10(4) pfu of cva9, boston strain 13. win 54954, a broad-spectrum antipicornavirus agent, was administered orally in a dose of 0.25, 2.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg of body weight per day on days 1 to 3 after virus inoculation. control animals received xanthan gum carrier only. mice wer ... | 1992 | 1318683 |
| competition binding studies with biotinylated echovirus 11 in cytofluorimetry analysis. | competition binding studies between viruses are usually performed with radiolabelled probes. in this report, a cytofluorimetric method using biotinylated echovirus (ev) 11 is described for the study of competition of enteroviruses for a common cell receptor site. an n-hydroxysuccinimide ester biotin spacer arm was used for biotinylation of csso4-purified ev 11. biotinylation did not change the infectivity of the virus (attachment to and replication in susceptible cells). with the exception of ev ... | 1991 | 1667786 |
| monoclonal antibody specific for the cellular receptor of echoviruses. | cell lines of primate origin carry membrane receptors which are specific for echoviruses (ev). the present report describes isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (mab 143) reacting with the membrane of kb cells. the mab was selected for its protection of different cell lines from primate origin against the cpe of ev-11. this protection was found to extend to most ev serotypes and to coxsackievirus a9, while the replication of several other picornaviruses was not affected. the f ... | 1992 | 1740381 |
| rgd-dependent entry of coxsackievirus a9 into host cells and its bypass after cleavage of vp1 protein by intestinal proteases. | the recently reported nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) showed that unlike other enteroviruses, cav-9 has an insertion of about 17 amino acids at the c-terminal end of vp1 (k. h. chang, p. auvinen, t. hyypiä, and g. stanway, j. gen. virol. 70:3269-3280, 1989). this sequence includes the rgd (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif which is known to be important in certain protein-protein interactions. we studied the inhibitory effect of rgd-containing peptides in the attachment of c ... | 1991 | 1870199 |
| echoviruses include genetically distinct serotypes. | we have studied the genetic relationships of echoviruses using nucleotide sequencing and hybridization analysis. the nucleotide sequence of the echovirus 11 (ev11) p2 and p3 regions, which encode the nonstructural proteins, was shown to resemble closely those of coxsackie b viruses (cbv) and coxsackievirus a9 (cav9). ev11, cbv and cav9 have a similar organization in the 3' non-coding region when compared to polioviruses and cav21. in contrast, the 3' end of ev22 shares only minimal sequence homo ... | 1990 | 2170575 |
| detection of immunoglobulin g, m, and a antibodies to enterovirus structural proteins by immunoblot technique in echovirus type 4-infected patients. | paired serum specimens from 24 patients with echovirus (ev) type 4 infection by virus isolation were tested by the immunoblot technique for the presence of igg, igm, and iga antibodies to ev4 structural proteins. single sera from 20 patients without neutralizing enterovirus igm were used as controls. all the sera from ev4-infected patients had igg antibodies to vp1 of ev4 but also 13 out of the 20 controls. 23 out of 24 ev4-infected patients elicited igm and iga specific antibodies to vp1, a pat ... | 1990 | 2176661 |
| the nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus a9; implications for receptor binding and enterovirus classification. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) has been determined from cdna cloned in escherichia coli. excluding the 3' poly(a) stretch, the rna genome is 7452 nucleotides long and encodes a single polyprotein of 2201 amino acids. comparison of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences with those of the coxsackieviruses b1, b3 and b4 reveals a surprising degree of homology, with overall amino acid homologies of 86.9%, 86.2% and 87.0%, respectively. in contr ... | 1989 | 2558158 |
| polyradiculoneuritis in children groups during simultaneous circulation of enteroviruses and adenoviruses. | two cases of polyradiculoneuritis in children were noted during january, 1984. each girl was a member of a different group of children: the first group was newly constituted of children from various remote regions of czechoslovakia in a medical institution, the second one included children attending the same nursery school for a long time. in both groups, all or most of the children went through one or two respiratory infections which preceded the development of a paralytic disease. from the fir ... | 1985 | 3004069 |
| chronic polymyositis: presence of coxsackievirus a9 antigen in muscle. | we report a case of chronic recurrent polymyositis associated with increasing antibody titers of coxsackievirus a9 in serum during clinical exacerbations. muscle biopsy specimens showed pathologic changes consistent with chronic myositis, including perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration and hyalinization of muscle fibers with cytoplasmic vacuolations. the specific fluorescence was observed in the muscle fibers stained with antiserum for coxsackievirus a9. these findings indicate that this vi ... | 1986 | 3018337 |
| pinocytotic uptake and intralysosomal crystal formation of coxsackievirus a9 in monkey kidney cells. an electron microscopic autoradiographic study. | | 1974 | 4216342 |
| mumps and enteroviral meningitis in toronto, 1966. | of 52 children admitted to hospital for apparently typical mumps meningitis in 1966, 50 had their cerebrospinal fluid (csf) examined. in only 17 was the mumps virus isolated from the csf. mumps antihemagglutinin conversions or increments were detected in 32 subjects including 10 whose csf yielded virus. antibody conversions were found in 16 patients and fourfold increments in another nine whose serum pairs were collected only one to four days apart. initial sera from 20 patients were obtained th ... | 1967 | 4290436 |
| [release of cellular enzymes during multiplication of coxsackievirus a9 in fl cells. ii. dependence of enzyme release upon cell density, virus concentration, ph and serum content of the incubation medium (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4451430 |
| comparison of the effects of coxsackievirus a9 and of actinomycin d on the nucleolar ultrastructure of monkey kidney cells. | | 1972 | 4621779 |
| aseptic meningitis, montreal, 1969: a clinical and laboratory study. | during the summer and fall of 1969 an outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in montreal and its environs. forty-four patients were admitted to the infectious disease ward of the montreal children's hospital in august, september and october. half of the patients were in the age group 6 to 10 years. the ratio of males to females was two to one. patients showed the typical signs and symptoms of aseptic meningitis, namely fever, vomiting, headache, neck stiffness and pleocytosis of the cerebrospin ... | 1971 | 5101641 |
| a community-wide coxsackievirus a9 outbreak. | | 1967 | 6072651 |
| ozone inactivation of cell-associated viruses. | the inactivation of hep-2 cell-associated poliovirus (sabin 1) and coxsackievirus a9 was investigated in three experimental systems, using ozone as a disinfectant. the cell-associated viral samples were adjusted to a turbidity of 5 nephelometric turbidity units. the cell-associated poliovirus and coxsackievirus samples demonstrated survival in a continuous-flow ozonation system at applied ozone dosages of 4.06 and 4.68 mg/liter, respectively, for 30 s. unassociated viral controls were inactivate ... | 1982 | 6280611 |
| [infections of the central nervous system caused by enterovirus: 223 cases seen at a pediatric hospital between 1973 and 1981]. | between 1973 and 1981, 223 patients were seen at hôpital sainte-justine in montreal for enteroviral infection of the nervous system. in 161 the cause was documented by isolation of an enterovirus from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the viruses most frequently isolated were echovirus 11 (36 isolates), echovirus 30 (24), coxsackievirus b2 (23), coxsackievirus b3 (19), echovirus 6 (18), coxsackievirus b5 (16), coxsackievirus a9 (15), echovirus 9 (13), echovirus 7 (12) and coxsackievirus b1 (11). as ... | 1982 | 6291736 |
| neutralizing antibodies to non-polio enteroviruses in human immune serum globulin. | neutralizing antibodies to selected non-polio enteroviruses were found in three lots of human immune serum globulin (isg) prepared from the sera of persons from different geographic regions. reciprocal titers to coxsackieviruses b3 and b4 ranged from 400 to greater than or equal to 2000, whereas titers to coxsackievirus a9 and echo viruses 5 and 9 ranged from 100 to 400 in all three lots of isg. the presence of neutralizing antibodies to commonly occurring (coxsackieviruses b1 to b5 and a9 and e ... | 1983 | 6318195 |
| simultaneous concentration of four enteroviruses from tap, waste, and natural waters. | the efficiency of virus recovery from water was investigated by using a method which enabled the concentration of a mixture of four enteroviruses with determination of their individual recovery efficiencies. the four viruses used (poliovirus 1, coxsackievirus a9, coxsackievirus b1, and echovirus 7) represented each of the four major subgroups of enteroviruses. this method, which was based on selective antibody neutralization, was used to investigate the effects of input water quality on enterovi ... | 1984 | 6331314 |
| antiviral activity of arildone on deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid viruses. | arildone (3 micro/ml) reduced the replication of murine cytomegalovirus, semliki forest virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and coxsackievirus a9 by 64, 68, 94, and 98%, respectively. when the plaque reduction method was used to evaluate the antiviral effect for the viruses, a concentration of 3 to 5 micrograms/ml yielded a 50% reduction in plaque numbers. the effect of arildone on virus replication was greatest when the drug was present from the time of inoculation. the effectiveness decreased a ... | 1980 | 7447405 |
| the coxsackievirus a9 rgd motif is not essential for virus viability. | an rgd (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif in coxsackievirus a9 has been implicated in internalization through an interaction with the integrin alpha v beta 3. we have produced a number of virus mutants, lacking the motif, which have a small-plaque phenotype in llc-mk2 and a-vero cells and are phenotypically normal in rd cells. substitution of flanking amino acids also affected plaque size. the results suggest that interaction between the rgd motif and alpha v beta 3 is not critical for virus ... | 1995 | 7494317 |
| entry of coxsackievirus a9 into host cells: specific interactions with alpha v beta 3 integrin, the vitronectin receptor. | attachment and entry of coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) to gmk cells were previously shown to be dependent on an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) motif in the capsid protein vp1, suggesting integrins as candidate receptors for the virus. we have pursued the matter further and show that antibodies specific for the alpha v and/or beta 3 integrin subunits protect gmk cells from cav-9 infection. affinity purification of radioiodinated cell surface proteins using cav-9 or virus-specific peptide (rrrgdl ... | 1994 | 7519807 |
| antibodies to the vitronectin receptor (integrin alpha v beta 3) inhibit binding and infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus to cultured cells. | the amino acid sequence arg-gly-asp (rgd) is highly conserved on the vp1 proteins of different serotypes and subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and is essential for cell attachment. this sequence is also found in certain extracellular matrix proteins that bind to a family of cell surface receptors called integrins. within the picornaviridae family, enterovirus coxsackievirus a9 also has an rgd motif on its vp1 capsid protein and has recently been shown to utilize the vitronectin rec ... | 1995 | 7533862 |
| detection of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in clinical specimens by pcr and liquid-phase hybridization. | a sensitive method based on pcr followed by liquid-phase hybridization for detection of enterovirus and rhinovirus rnas in clinical specimens and cell culture supernatants is described. rna was extracted from stool samples, throat swabs, nasopharyngeal aspirates, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and plasma with a commercial phenol-guanidinium-chloroform reagent and purified on a polysulfone membrane, on which the reverse transcriptase reaction was also done. two sets of oligonucleotide primers from t ... | 1995 | 7751371 |
| the genome of echovirus 11. | echoviruses are the largest enterovirus subgroup consisting of 32 serotypes. they are common human pathogens causing, for example, meningitis, encephalitis and exanthema, but in spite of their clinical importance, relatively little is known about their biology. to illuminate the molecular characteristics of echoviruses, we have completed the genomic sequence of serotype 11. the rna genome is 7438 nucleotides in length and it codes for a 2195 amino acid long polyprotein. when compared to other se ... | 1995 | 7762294 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in environmental samples by antigen-capture pcr. | the efficacy of the antigen-capture pcr (ac-pcr) method for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in environmental samples was demonstrated. hav was captured from a seeded liquid waste or a shellfish sample with homologous antibody and then heat denatured and subjected to reverse transcription and the pcr, all in the same tube. subsequently, the ac-pcr products were analyzed by oligonucleotide probe hybridization in solution, agarose gel electrophoresis, and autoradiography. the ac-pcr detect ... | 1994 | 8031088 |
| investigation of the coxsackievirus b3 nonstructural proteins 2b, 2c, and 3ab: generation of specific polyclonal antisera and detection of replicating virus in infected tissue. | the coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) nonstructural proteins 2b and 3ab were synthesized as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins in e. coli in order to generate specific polyclonal antisera. 2b and 3ab fusion proteins were purified by preparative sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and inoculated into rabbits. protein 2c-specific antiserum was produced using synthetic oligopeptides which were defined by computer based amino acid sequence analysis. specificity of the generated antisera was analysed by im ... | 1994 | 8071417 |
| intratypic genome variability of the coxsackievirus b1 2a protease region. | to analyse the intratypic genome variability of coxsackievirus b1, 17 coxsackievirus b1 isolates were collected over a period of 10 years. nucleotide sequences of the 2a coding region of the various coxsackievirus b1 isolates and known sequences of other enteroviruses were compared. the maximum diversity observed within the entire group of coxsackievirus b1 isolates was 25%. comparison of deduced amino acid sequences revealed a maximum diversity of 5%. phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a close ... | 1994 | 8126468 |
| preliminary crystallographic analysis of coxsackievirus a9. | coxsackievirus a9 has been crystallized as small rhombic dodecahedra of maximum dimension 0.3 mm. these crystals have been shown, using synchrotron radiation, to diffract x-rays to beyond 3 a, and to have a stability in the beam comparable to that of other related virus crystals. the unit cell is tetragonal with dimensions a = b = 495 a, c = 695 a and alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees, with a space group of p4n22. a substantial body of diffraction data has been collected and this crystal form ap ... | 1993 | 8385229 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a coxsackie b5 virus and its relationship to swine vesicular disease virus. | we report the first complete nucleotide sequence of the picornavirus coxsackievirus b5 (cb5), strain 1954/uk/85, an isolate from a case of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. we have compared the sequence with those of other coxsackie b viruses, coxsackievirus a9, poliovirus and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). the genes encoding the three major capsid proteins are most closely related to those of svdv but the 5' and 3' noncoding regions and the p3 gene are more similar to the corresponding region ... | 1993 | 8388019 |
| relative abundance of enterovirus serotypes in sewage differs from that in patients: clinical and epidemiological implications. | one thousand one hundred and sixty-one non-polio enterovirus strains, isolated during regular screening of finnish sewage specimens, were analysed for serotype distribution seasonally through 20 years, and the findings were compared with similar data based on 1681 clinical isolates. coxsackievirus b4 (cbv-4), cbv-5, echovirus 11 (ev-11), ev-6, cbv-2 and cbv-3 were the most common serotypes in sewage, whilst cbv-5, ev-11, coxsackievirus a9, ev-22, cbv-3 and ev-30 were the most common clinical iso ... | 1996 | 8626008 |
| the major echovirus group is genetically coherent and related to coxsackie b viruses. | in order to determine the overall molecular heterogeneity of echoviruses (evs) we performed a genetic analysis of the prototype strains. nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences from different genomic regions (5'utr, capsid protein-coding and 3d polymerase genes) were used for molecular comparisons. on the basis of a comparison of partial amino acid sequences from the capsid protein vp2, all the sequenced evs excluding ev22 and ev23 form a single cluster which is genetically homogeneous. all ... | 1996 | 8627260 |
| intratypic genome variability of echovirus type 30 in part of the vp4/vp2 coding region. | the genetic relationship of 33 echovirus type 30 (e30) isolates associated with three different outbreaks of meningitis in norway and one outbreak in usa was assessed using direct sequencing of amplicons derived from a region covering part of the capsid proteins vp4 and vp2. the e30 sequences were compared to each other, and to other enteroviruses. less sequence variation was observed between the isolates from a single outbreak (2-3%) than between groups of isolates from different outbreaks (4-9 ... | 1996 | 8678835 |
| efficient rgd-independent entry process of coxsackievirus a9. | previously we showed for coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) that specific interactions between the rgd motif of capsid protein vp1 and the alpha v beta 3 integrin are involved in virus binding and entry into green monkey kidney cells (gmk) and some other cell lines. the rgd-recognizing alpha v beta 3 integrin is known as the vitronectin receptor (vnr). during replication in the gut, cav-9 like all other enteroviruses are exposed to host proteolytic enzymes, and we showed previously that the rgd-containin ... | 1996 | 8920824 |
| an rna tertiary structure in the 3' untranslated region of enteroviruses is necessary for efficient replication. | rna tertiary structures, such as pseudoknots, are known to be biologically significant in a number of virus systems. the 3' untranslated regions of the rna genomes of all members of the enterovirus genus of picornaviridae exhibit a potential, pseudoknot-like, tertiary structure interaction of an unusual type. this is formed by base pairing between loop regions of two secondary structure domains. it is distinct from a potential, conventional pseudoknot, studied previously in poliovirus, which is ... | 1997 | 9032373 |
| viral isolation from cases of epidemic neuropathy in cuba. | to investigate the possibility of a viral agent in the central nervous system of patients with epidemic neuropathy. | 1997 | 9278610 |
| antigenic sites of coxsackievirus a9. | antigenic analysis of coxsackievirus a9 (cav9) was carried out by using a peptide scanning method. immunogenic regions in the capsid proteins vp1, vp2, and vp3 were recognized by antibodies in the sera of virus-immunized rabbits. the peptide sequences were scanned using a 12-amino-acid window and three-residue shift. three immunogenic regions, located in the n- and c-terminal parts of vp1 and in the n-terminus of vp3, were identified. trypsin treatment of the virus, known to cleave off the c-ter ... | 1998 | 9454693 |
| [viral meningoencephalitis caused by enterovirus in cuba from 1990-1995]. | the results of a study on enterovirus as causal agents of viral meningoencephalitis from 1990 to 1995 are described. from the 1458 samples of patients studied, 586 were from feces, 108 from cerebrospinal fluid and 1095 were paired sera. the samples for viral isolation were inoculated in two different cellular systems. a total of 225 samples (32.42%) were found to be positive; the highest number of isolations (n = 217) was found in feces and in diploid human lung fibroblast cells (phue-1). antibo ... | 1997 | 9472139 |
| characterisation of genomic rna of coxsackievirus b3 in murine myocarditis: reliability of direct sequencing of reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction products. | swr mice develop viral myocarditis histologically similar to the human disease following inoculation with a cardiovirulent coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), reactivated from a sequenced cdna clone of nancy strain. a sequence of 215 nucleotides, or 628 nucleotides in representative cases, of the 5'non-translated region (5'ntr) of cvb3 genome was amplified from myocardial samples of the infected mice by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr). in order to verify the viral nucleoti ... | 1997 | 9504746 |
| several different enterovirus serotypes can be associated with prediabetic autoimmune episodes and onset of overt iddm. childhood diabetes in finland (dime) study group. | in a prospective multicentre study described previously on prediabetic events in siblings of index cases with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 31 children developed clinical diabetes during the observation period and 51 children seroconverted for islet cell antibodies or insulin autoantibodies. by using nonserotype specific eia and ria, it has shown recently that enterovirus infections in both groups were frequently associated with increases of islet cell antibody and/or insulin autoantibody ... | 1998 | 9700636 |
| induction of neutralizing antibodies by synthetic peptides representing the c terminus of coxsackievirus a9 capsid protein vp1. | the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif at the c terminus of coxsackievirus a9 capsid protein vp1 has been shown to play a role in specific attachment of the virus to alpha(v)beta3 integrin on the host cell surface. the c-terminal region of the vp1 protein has also been shown to be highly antigenic by using peptide scanning techniques. to find out whether this region contains a neutralizing epitope, three overlapping peptides covering the c-terminal end of vp1 were synthesized and rabbit antise ... | 1998 | 9747735 |
| variability in the integrity of human enteroviruses exposed to various simulated in vivo environments. | we exposed representatives of different enteroviruses to treatments imitating various in vivo environments that they face during infection. short-term treatment in trypsin or human intestinal fluid regularly resulted in a cleavage of the capsid protein vp1, and in some cases of other capsid proteins as well. infectivity of the virus preparations was usually not affected but there were two exceptions. coxsackievirus a9 retained its infectivity as tested in rd cells but showed reduced infectivity ... | 1998 | 9790872 |
| site-saturation mutagenesis of the paltavetg motif in coxsackievirus a9 capsid protein vp1 reveals evidence of conservation of a periodic hydrophobicity profile. | enteroviruses possess a highly conserved 9 amino acid stretch of mainly hydrophobic character in the capsid protein vp1. a novel strategy, combining site-saturation mutagenesis and a single-tube cloning and transfection procedure, has been developed for the analysis of this motif in coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9). four individual amino acids were separately mutated. mutagenesis of three of the four positions in cav-9 resulted in a number of viable but impaired mutant strains, each containing a single ... | 1999 | 10466787 |
| molecular detection of enteroviruses from an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in malaysia in 1997. | enterovirus 5'utr sequences were detected by rt-pcr in 22 out of 47 suspected hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) patients during an outbreak of the disease with incidences of fatal brainstem encephalomyelitis in malaysia in 1997. genetic and phylogenetic analyses of the isolates 5'utr sequences suggest the presence of predominantly enteroviruses with high sequence similarities to echovirus 1 and coxsackievirus a9 in the malaysian peninsula. no fatal cases, however, were associated with these is ... | 1999 | 10528868 |
| involvement of beta2-microglobulin and integrin alphavbeta3 molecules in the coxsackievirus a9 infectious cycle. | it is becoming apparent that many viruses employ more than one cell surface molecule for their attachment and cell entry. in this study, we have tested the role of integrin alpha(v)beta3 and mhc class i molecules in the coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) infectious cycle. binding experiments utilizing cho cells transfected and expressing human integrin alpha(v)beta3, revealed that cav-9 particles were able to bind to cells, but did not initiate a productive cell infection. antibodies specific for integri ... | 1999 | 10573151 |
| exacerbation of herpes simplex encephalitis after successful treatment with acyclovir. | herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) in children sometimes exacerbates after successful treatment; yet the frequency, etiology, and clinical features of exacerbation remain unclear. we report data for 27 children with hse confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis; all were successfully treated with acyclovir, but 7 (26%) had a relapse of encephalitic illness. in 2 of those 7, serial examination with a pcr assay showed that herpes simplex virus (hsv) dna reappeared temporarily in the cer ... | 2000 | 10619751 |
| mechanisms of coxsackievirus-induced damage to human pancreatic beta-cells. | enteroviruses may be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, either through direct beta-cell infection or as triggers of autoimmunity. in the present study we investigated the patterns of infection in adult human islet cell preparations (consisting of 56+/-14% beta-cells) by several coxsackieviruses. the cells were infected with prototype strains of coxsackievirus b (cbv) 3, 4, and 5 as well as coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9). the previously characterized diabetogenic stra ... | 2000 | 10634421 |
| the crystal structure of coxsackievirus a9: new insights into the uncoating mechanisms of enteroviruses. | coxsackievirus a9 (cav9), a human pathogen causing symptoms ranging from common colds to fatal infections of the central nervous system, is an icosahedral single-stranded rna virus that belongs to the genus enterovirus of the family picornaviridae. one of the four capsid proteins, vp1, includes the arginine-glycine-aspartate (rgd) motif within its c-terminal extension. this region binds to integrin alpha v beta 3, the only receptor for cav9 to be conclusively identified to date. | 1999 | 10647183 |
| virucidal and chlamydicidal activities of eye drops with povidone-iodine liposome complex. | povidone-iodine (pvp-i) is a broad-spectrum microbicide with in vitro activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. a 5% solution of pvp-i proved to be highly effective in ophthalmic surgery for the prophylaxis of endophthalmitis. for the antiseptic treatment of eye infections a novel application form of pvp-i has been developed by using a pvp-i liposome complex which demonstrated an excellent antimicrobial efficacy. in this study it could be shown that the novel liposomal formulatio ... | 2000 | 10754445 |
| molecular epidemiology and evolution of coxsackievirus a9. | genetic relationships between 35 clinical isolates of coxsackievirus a9 (cav9), collected during the last five decades from different geographical regions, were investigated by partial sequencing. analysis of a 150 nucleotide sequence at the vp1/2a junction region identified 12 cav9 genotypes. while most of the strains within each genotype showed geographical clustering, the analysis also provided evidence for long-range importation of virus strains. phylogenetic analysis of a longer region arou ... | 2000 | 10769080 |
| high affinity interactions of coxsackievirus a9 with integrin alphavbeta3 (cd51/61) require the cydmkttc sequence of beta3, but do not require the rgd sequence of the cav-9 vp1 protein. | integrins are transmembrane molecules involved in numerous cell matrix, cell-cell adhesion phenomena and also utilised as viral receptors. these interactions with integrins are mediated by brief oligopeptide recognition sequences. the arg-gly-asp sequence (rgd), is recognized by many integrins, including integrin alphavbeta3 (cd51/61). coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9), a human pathogen that has an arg-gly-asp sequence in the vp1 capsid protein, has been known to be one of the many viruses that utilise ... | 2000 | 10773347 |
| antigenic properties of human parechovirus 1. | human parechoviruses 1 and 2 (hpev1 and hpev2, respectively), formerly known as echoviruses 22 and 23, have been assigned to a novel picornavirus genus on the basis of their distinct molecular and biological properties. to study the immunological characteristics of hpev1 capsid proteins, antigenic analysis was carried out by a peptide scanning technique, which can be used to identify the immunogenic peptide sequences of a protein. partially overlapping peptides, representing the capsid of hpev1, ... | 2000 | 10859376 |
| a 70 kda mhc class i associated protein (map-70) identified as a receptor molecule for coxsackievirus a9 cell attachment. | one of the major categories of disease-causing micro-organisms are viruses. new studies on many different viruses have shown that virus attachment and cell entry is often a multistep process, requiring many interactions between the virus and cell surface molecules. in this study, we have attempted to identify the cell surface molecules involved in coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9), a common human pathogen and a member of the picornavirus family, infectious process. gmk cells susceptible to virus infecti ... | 2000 | 11053630 |
| picornavirus proteins share antigenic determinants with heat shock proteins 60/65. | immunological cross-reactions between enteroviruses and islet cell autoantigens have been suggested to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). in the nonobese diabetic mouse, an autoimmune model of iddm, one of the reactive beta cell autoantigens is the heat shock protein 60 (hsp60). these studies were prompted by sequence homology discovered between the immunogenic region in hsp60 and two regions in enterovirus capsid proteins, one in the vp1 protein a ... | 2000 | 11055249 |
| coxsackievirus a9 vp1 mutants with enhanced or hindered a particle formation and decreased infectivity. | we have studied coxsackievirus a9 (cav9) mutants that each have a single amino acid substitution in the conserved 29-paltavetght-39 motif of vp1 and a reduced capacity to produce infectious progeny virus. after uncoating, all steps in the infection cycle occurred according to the same kinetics as and similar efficiency to the wild-type virus. however, the particle/infectious unit ratio in the progeny was significantly increased. the differences were apparently due to altered stability of the cap ... | 2001 | 11134308 |
| identification of echovirus 1 and coxsackievirus a9 receptor molecules via a novel flow cytometric quantification method. | background: virus-receptor binding is an essential step in every virus infectious process. many viruses employ more than one receptor molecule or even receptor complexes for attachment. in this study, we investigate the binding of echovirus 1 (echo1) and coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) on cell surface molecules. cav-9 has been reported to utilize integrin alpha v beta(3) in binding to cells, whereas echo1 has been known to utilize integrin alpha 2 beta(1). methods and results we directly test whether ... | 2001 | 11260595 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus can utilize the c-terminal extension of coxsackievirus a9 vp1 for cell infection. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is known to employ the conserved arg-gly-asp (rgd) tripeptide located on the variable betag-betah loop of the vp1 capsid protein for binding to cells. coxsackievirus a9 (cav9) also carries an rgd sequence, but on a short c-terminal extension of its vp1 and in a different amino acid context. this apparent relationship raised the question of whether insertion of the heterologous cav9 sequence into fmdv would influence infection by the genetically modified fmdv. ... | 2001 | 11413382 |
| grp78, a coreceptor for coxsackievirus a9, interacts with major histocompatibility complex class i molecules which mediate virus internalization. | it is becoming apparent that over the years cell infection by virus seems to have evolved into a multistep process in which many viruses employ distinct cell surface molecules for their attachment and cell entry. in this study the attachment and entry pathway of coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9), a member of the picornaviridae family, was investigated. it has been known that, although integrin alpha(v)beta3 is utilized as a receptor, its presence alone is insufficient for cav-9 infection and that cav-9 ... | 2002 | 11752154 |
| molecular phylogeny and proposed classification of the simian picornaviruses. | the simian picornaviruses were isolated from various primate tissues during the development of general tissue culture methods in the 1950s to 1970s or from specimens derived from primates used in biomedical research. twenty simian picornavirus serotypes are recognized, and all are presently classified within the enterovirus genus. to determine the phylogenetic relationships among all of the simian picornaviruses and to evaluate their classification, we have determined complete vp1 sequences for ... | 2002 | 11773400 |
| design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of pyridyl imidazolidinones: a novel class of potent and selective human enterovirus 71 inhibitors. | when skeletons of win compounds were used as templates, computer-assisted drug design led to the identification of a novel series of imidazolidinone derivatives with significant antiviral activity against enterovirus 71 (ev 71), the infection of which had resulted in about 80 fatalities during the 1998 epidemic outbreak in taiwan. in addition to inhibiting all the genotypes (a, b, and c) of ev 71 in the submicromolar to low micromolar range, compounds 1 and 8 were extensively evaluated against a ... | 2002 | 11931618 |
| mapping of tissue tropism determinants in coxsackievirus genomes. | genomic regions responsible for the different tissue tropisms of coxsackievirus a9 (cav9) and coxsackievirus b3 (cbv3) in newborn mice were investigated using recombinant viruses. infectious cdna clones of cav9, a virus known to infect striated muscle, and cbv3, affecting the central nervous system, pancreas, liver, brown fat and striated muscle, were used to generate chimeric viruses. in situ hybridization analysis of different tissues from mice infected with the recombinant viruses, constructe ... | 2002 | 12075089 |
| functional impairment and killing of human beta cells by enteroviruses: the capacity is shared by a wide range of serotypes, but the extent is a characteristic of individual virus strains. | direct infection of beta cells could explain the diabetogenic effect of enteroviruses. primary adult human beta cells are susceptible to coxsackievirus infections, which could result in impaired beta-cell function or cell death (coxsackieviruses b3, b4, b5) or both, or no apparent immediate adverse effects (coxsackievirus a9). we extended these studies to additional enterovirus serotypes including several echoviruses, some of which have been associated clinically with the development of type i ( ... | 2002 | 12107750 |
| detection, quantitation and identification of enteroviruses from surface waters and sponge tissue from the florida keys using real-time rt-pcr. | a method was developed for the quantitative detection of pathogenic human enteroviruses from surface waters in the florida keys using taqman (r) one-step reverse transcription (rt)-pcr with the model 7700 abi prism (r) sequence detection system. viruses were directly extracted from unconcentrated grab samples of seawater, from seawater concentrated by vortex flow filtration using a 100 kd filter and from sponge tissue. total rna was extracted from the samples, purified and concentrated using spi ... | 2002 | 12153016 |
| enterovirus infection may induce humoral immune response reacting with islet cell autoantigens in humans. | molecular mimicry is one of the mechanisms by which enterovirus infections have been postulated to have a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. immunogenic epitopes in enterovirus capsid protein vp1 and procapsid protein vp0 have sequence similarities with diabetes-associated epitopes in tyrosine phosphatase ia-2/iar and heat shock protein 60. in the present study, documented enterovirus infection was shown to induce humoral responses, that in 7% and 1% of patients cross-reacted with the ... | 2003 | 12526055 |
| variation in enterovirus receptor genes. | the increased incidence of a enterovirus infections observed in patients with type 1 diabetes preceding the development of the clinical disease could be partially explained by variation in the genes coding for enterovirus receptors. we carried out sequence analysis of the most common enterovirus receptor molecules in 21 diabetic children and 20 healthy adults. dna was isolated from the leukocytes, and gene regions known to code for virus-recognizing domains in major enterovirus receptors were am ... | 2003 | 12629650 |
| comparative survival of cryptosporidium, coxsackievirus a9 and escherichia coli in stream, brackish and sea waters. | discharge of inadequately treated wastewater into streams may result in the dissemination of pathogens and the contamination of surface water sources. determining the die-off rate of pathogenic microorganisms in stream and sea waters may serve as the basis for evaluating the health risks posed by the presence of pathogens in seawater. this study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial load, temperature, salinity and turbidity on the die-off of oocysts of cryptosporidium as compared to ... | 2003 | 12639011 |
| antigenic sites of coxsackie a9 virus inducing neutralizing monoclonal antibodies protective in mice. | a panel of murine igg monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was produced against coxsackievirus a9 (cav9). fifty-nine mabs reactive in elisa with purified cav9 were identified. eighteen of them could efficiently inhibit infection by cav9 but not coxsackieviruses b. neutralization-resistant cav9 variants to four different mabs were isolated and tested for resistance to neutralization by other mabs of the panel. three groups of reactivity including 10, 7, and 1 mabs were thus identified. sequencing of neut ... | 2003 | 12890622 |
| human rhabdomyosarcoma cells for rapid detection of enteroviruses by shell-vial assay. | the ability of the rd (rhabdomyosarcoma) and mrc-5 cell-lines to detect enteroviruses in 33 clinical samples (cerebrospinal fluid, stools and throat swabs) was evaluated. the samples had previously tested enterovirus-positive by traditional tube-culture and had been frozen after their initial processing. by traditional tube-culture, 100 and 85 % of samples were positive for enterovirus in rd and mrc-5 cells, respectively. by rapid shell-vial assay, 94 and 45.5 % were positive after 48 h incubati ... | 2003 | 12909656 |
| pathogenesis of coxsackievirus a9 in mice: role of the viral arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif. | coxsackievirus a9 (cav9) contains an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) motif which participates in cell entry. mutants with alterations in the rgd-containing region were utilized to explore the importance of the tripeptide in the pathogenesis of cav9 in mice. using in situ hybridization, the parental cav9 strain was observed to infect skeletal muscle (intercostal, platysma, lingual and thigh muscles) of newborn mice, whereas the rgd-less mutants were detectable only in platysma and lingual mu ... | 2003 | 12917458 |
| comparison of the elution and adsorption of picornaviruses by cotton and calcium alginate wool swabs. | the recovery of picornaviruses by cotton and calcium alginate wool swabs was studied by use of prototype strains of poliovirus 1, echovirus 1, coxsackievirus a9, and rhinovirus 16/60. no significant differences in recovery of viruses by the two types of swabs could be demonstrated. it is suggested that use of cotton swabs in the virus laboratory be continued, since wool swabs may favor the recovery of undesirable bacterial contaminants. adsorption of viruses by cotton and wool swabs was similar ... | 1965 | 14325287 |
| multiplication of boston strains of coxsackievirus a9 in the adult mouse heart. | | 1965 | 14329472 |
| lipid raft microdomains: key sites for coxsackievirus a9 infectious cycle. | lipid rafts have an important property to preferentially concentrate some proteins, while excluding others. lipid rafts can also act as functional platforms for multiple signalling and trafficking processes. several reports have shown that lipid rafts play a crucial role in the assembly of several enveloped viruses and possibly their cell entry. in this study we investigated the importance of lipid raft formation in coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) entry and cell infection. here by using a variety of b ... | 2003 | 14675631 |
| evidence for frequent recombination within species human enterovirus b based on complete genomic sequences of all thirty-seven serotypes. | the species human enterovirus b (hev-b) in the family picornaviridae consists of coxsackievirus a9; coxsackieviruses b1 to b6; echoviruses 1 to 7, 9, 11 to 21, 24 to 27, and 29 to 33; and enteroviruses 69 and 73. we have determined complete genome sequences for the remaining 22 hev-b serotypes whose sequences were not represented in public databases and analyzed these in conjunction with previously available complete sequences in genbank. members of hev-b were monophyletic relative to all other ... | 2004 | 14694117 |
| inactivation of selected picornaviruses by high hydrostatic pressure. | the potential of high hydrostatic pressure processing (hpp) to inactivate aichi virus (aiv), human parechovirus-1 (hpev-1), and the coxsackievirus strains a9 and b5 was investigated. for coxsackievirus a9 (cav9), a 5-min hpp treatment in minimum essential growth medium (mem) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine sera (fbs) resulted in 3.4-, 6.5-, and 7.6-log(10) tissue culture infectious dose (50%) (tcid(50)) reductions at 400, 500, and 600megapascals (mpa), respectively. for hpev-1, a 5-min treatm ... | 2004 | 15084405 |
| identification of grp 78 (bip) as a liver cell expressed receptor element for dengue virus serotype 2. | this study sought to identify receptor elements for dengue virus serotype 2 on human liver cells (hepg2) using the viral overlay protein binding assay (vopba) technique and mass spectrometry fingerprinting. a single major and several minor virus binding bands were observed, and mass spectrometry identified a candidate binding protein for the major binding band as grp 78 (bip). grp78 expression on the cell surface was confirmed, and antibodies directed against both the n and c-terminus of grp 78 ... | 2004 | 15098107 |
| integrin alpha v beta 6 is an rgd-dependent receptor for coxsackievirus a9. | coxsackievirus a9 (cav9), a member of the enterovirus genus of picornaviridae, is a common human pathogen and is one of a significant number of viruses containing a functional arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) motif in one of their capsid proteins. previous studies identified the rgd-recognizing integrin alpha(v)beta(3) as its cellular receptor. however, integrin alpha(v)beta(6) has been shown to be an efficient receptor for another rgd-containing picornavirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (f ... | 2004 | 15194773 |
| tissue tropism of recombinant coxsackieviruses in an adult mouse model. | recombinant viruses, constructed by exchanging the 5' non-coding region (5'ncr), structural and non-structural protein coding sequences were used to investigate determinants responsible for differences between coxsackievirus a9 (cav9) and coxsackievirus b3 (cbv3) infections in adult mice and two cell lines. plaque assay titration of recombinant and parental viruses from different tissues from adult balb/c mice demonstrated that the structural region of cbv3 determined tropism to the liver tissue ... | 2005 | 15958668 |
| a whole cell immunization-derived monoclonal antibody that protects cells from coxsackievirus a9 infection binds to both cell surface and virions. | coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) infects human rhabdomyosarcoma (rd) cells using an unidentified rgd-independent receptor. monoclonal antibodies were prepared by immunizing mice with intact rd cells and by selecting cells from the cytopathic effect of cav-9 for protection. here we describe a monoclonal antibody that binds to host cell plasma membrane and protects cells from virus infection. in addition, binding of the virus to cell monolayers was more efficient in the presence of the antibody, suggesti ... | 2005 | 16055201 |
| dna probe array for the simultaneous identification of herpesviruses, enteroviruses, and flaviviruses. | viral infections of the central nervous system (cns) are caused by a variety of viruses, namely, herpesviruses, enteroviruses, and flaviviruses. the similar clinical signs provoked by these viruses make the diagnosis difficult. we report on the simultaneous detection of these major cns pathogens using amplification by pcr and detection of amplified products using dna microarray technology. consensus primers were used for the amplification of all members of each genus. sequences specific for the ... | 2005 | 16081910 |
| prospective identification of hev-b enteroviruses during the 2005 outbreak. | enteroviruses (evs) represent the main etiological agents of epidemics of viral meningitis and especially the serotypes related to the human enterovirus b species. genetic typing by sequencing a pcr-amplified portion of the genome has proved to be useful for identifying evs and is more rapid than standard seroneutralization tests. however, prospective genotyping has not been reported in routine practice within a clinical diagnostic laboratory. a genetic typing assay using two sets of primers was ... | 2006 | 17063526 |
| anti-enterovirus activity and structure-activity relationship of a series of 2,6-dihalophenyl-substituted 1h,3h-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles. | despite the fact that enteroviruses are implicated in a variety of human diseases, there is no approved therapy for the treatment of enteroviral infections. here, a series of 2,6-dihalophenyl-substituted 1h,3h-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles with anti-enterovirus activity is reported. the compounds elicit potent activity against coxsackievirus a9, echovirus 9 and 11 and all six strains of coxsackievirus b. a structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the presence of substituents at pos ... | 2007 | 17194441 |
| molecular epidemiological study of hev-b enteroviruses involved in the increase in meningitis cases occurred in spain during 2006. | human enteroviruses are one of the main etiological agents of aseptic meningitis and other central nervous system infections, particularly the serotypes included in the enterovirus b species. molecular methods have proved useful to identify serotypes in clinical samples, facilitating the epidemiological study of these viruses. in the spring of 2006, there was a significant increase in meningitis cases caused by enteroviruses in spain. in the present study, 138 enteroviruses directly detected in ... | 2008 | 18428125 |
| comparison of automated nucleic acid extraction methods with manual extraction. | automated nucleic acid extractors can improve workflow and decrease variability in the clinical laboratory. we evaluated qiagen ez1 (valencia, ca) and biomérieux (durham, nc) easymag extractors compared with qiagen manual extraction using targets and matrices commonly available in the clinical laboratory. pooled samples were spiked with various organisms, serially diluted, and extracted in duplicate. the organisms/matrices were bordetella pertussis/bronchoalveolar lavage, herpes simplex virus ii ... | 2008 | 18556770 |
| an enterovirus strain isolated from diabetic child belongs to a genetic subcluster of echovirus 11, but is also neutralised with monotypic antisera to coxsackievirus a9. | an enterovirus strain (designated d207) isolated from a slovakian diabetic child and originally serotyped as coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) was found to cause rapid cytolysis coinciding with severe functional damage of the surviving cells in primary cultures of human pancreatic islets. this finding prompted us to clone the isolate for full-length genome sequencing and molecular characterization as the prototype strain of cav-9 is known to cause only minimal damage to insulin-producing beta-cells. bas ... | 2008 | 18632967 |
| molecular epidemiology and dual serotype specificity detection of echovirus 11 strains in finland. | echovirus 11 (e-11) has been one of the most frequently discovered human enterovirus (hev) in finland during the past few years. we have studied molecular epidemiological patterns of e-11 from 1993 to 2007 exploiting the 257-nucleotide region in the 5'-part of the vp1 used for genetic typing of hev. designated genogroup d strains had a striking prevalence among the finnish strains, a finding in accordance with the recent data from other geographical regions. the subgroup d4, harboring the oldest ... | 2009 | 19013201 |
| integrin alphavbeta6 is a high-affinity receptor for coxsackievirus a9. | coxsackievirus a9 (cav9), a member of the genus enterovirus in the family picornaviridae, possesses an integrin-binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) motif in the c terminus of vp1 capsid protein. cav9 has been shown to utilize integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta6 as primary receptors for cell attachment. while cav9 rgd-mutants (rge and rgddel) are capable of infecting rhabdomyosarcoma (rd) cell line, they grow very poorly in an epithelial lung carcinoma cell line (a549). in this study, ... | 2009 | 19088289 |
| typing of enteroviruses by use of microwell oligonucleotide arrays. | we have developed a straightforward assay for the rapid typing of enteroviruses using oligonucleotide arrays in microtiter wells. the viral nucleic acids are concomitantly amplified and labeled during reverse transcription-pcr, and unpurified pcr products are used for hybridization. dna strands are separated by alkaline denaturation, and hybridization is started by neutralization. the microarray hybridization reactions and the subsequent washes are performed in standard 96-well microtiter plates ... | 2009 | 19357207 |
| inhibition of coxsackievirus b3 and related enteroviruses by antiviral short interfering rna pools produced using phi6 rna-dependent rna polymerase. | coxsackievirus b3 (cbv3) is a member of the human enterovirus b species and a common human pathogen. even though much is known about the enteroviral life cycle, no specific drugs are available to treat enterovirus infections. rna interference (rnai) has evolved to be an important tool for antiviral experimental therapies and gene function studies. we describe here a novel approach for rnai against cbvs by using a short interfering (sirna) pool covering 3.5 kb of cbv3 genomic sequence. the rna-de ... | 2009 | 19553393 |
| vitronectin receptors, alpha v integrins, are recognized by several non-rgd-containing echoviruses in a continuous laboratory cell line and also in primary human langerhans' islets and endothelial cells. | previously published data suggest that the rgd-recognizing integrin, alphavbeta3, known as the vitronectin receptor, acts as a cellular receptor for rgd-containing enteroviruses, coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) and echovirus 9 (e-9), in several continuous cell lines as well as in primary human langerhans' islets. as this receptor is also capable of binding the ligands by a non-rgd-dependent mechanism, we investigated whether vitronectin receptors, alpha v integrins, might act as receptors for other ec ... | 2010 | 19776235 |
| enteroviruses in spain over the decade 1998-2007: virological and epidemiological studies. | human enteroviruses (hev) are the commonest cause of viral meningitis as well as other pathologies, therefore hev characterization is important both in patient management and epidemiological investigation. | 2010 | 20007023 |
| internalization of coxsackievirus a9 is mediated by {beta}2-microglobulin, dynamin, and arf6 but not by caveolin-1 or clathrin. | coxsackievirus a9 (cav9) is a member of the human enterovirus b species within the enterovirus genus of the family picornaviridae. it has been shown to utilize alphav integrins, particularly alphavbeta6, as its receptors. the endocytic pathway by which cav9 enters human cells after the initial attachment to the cell surface has so far been unknown. here, we present a systematic study concerning the internalization mechanism of cav9 to a549 human lung carcinoma cells. the small interfering rna (s ... | 2010 | 20089652 |
| epidemiologic features and virus isolation of enteroviruses in northern taiwan during 2000-2008. | the susceptibility of five cell lines, rd, mrc-5, mk-2, hep-2 and a549, for various serotypes of human enteroviruses was evaluated. rd cells were susceptible to most serotypes of enteroviruses, especially for human enterovirus a. consequently, a high prevalence of human enterovirus a in taiwan may reflect the relative importance of rd cells in the clinical virology laboratory. however, susceptibilities of rd cells to coxsackievirus a9 and a24, and echovirus 9 and 11 were exceptionally low. alter ... | 2010 | 20214926 |