| histochemical evidence for glycogen-like deposits in barley yellow dwarf virus-infected barley leaf chloroplasts. | | 1975 | 172651 |
| protein component of two isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1977 | 867817 |
| differences in cellular ultrastructural alterations between variants of barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1976 | 982853 |
| development of the infection in oat leaves inoculated with barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1975 | 1154650 |
| barley yellow dwarf virus in aphids caught in suction traps, 1969-73. | | 1976 | 1275331 |
| a rapid chemiluminescent detection method for barley yellow dwarf virus. | barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv-pav-il) was detected with biotinylated in vitro transcript cdna using a chemiluminescent substrate on nylon membranes. signals were detected on x-ray film and quantified using either a densitometer or an elisa plate reader. the time required for sample preparation was reduced so that the entire protocol could be completed in two days. the in vitro transcript probes could detect 1 ng of purified virus and as little as 1 microliter of sap extracts prepared from infe ... | 1992 | 1430072 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the genomes of the mav-ps1 and p-pav isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. | the mav-ps1 and p-pav isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) are serologically related, but not identical. both are transmitted by the aphid macrosiphum avenae, but p-pav is also transmitted by rhopalosiphum padi. to evaluate the basis for these and other differences, overlapping clones from cdna libraries representing the genome of each isolate were characterized by restriction enzyme digestion and by hybridization, and subsequently sequenced. each genome has six positive strand open read ... | 1992 | 1538199 |
| precise mapping and in vitro translation of a trifunctional subgenomic rna of barley yellow dwarf virus. | the barley yellow dwarf virus genome consists of a single 5.7-kb rna encoding six open reading frames (orfs). the four orfs in the 3' half of the genome were proposed to be expressed via subgenomic mrnas. here, we show that the pav serotype of barley yellow dwarf virus generates two subgenomic rnas of 2.9 and 0.8 kb in infected plants and protoplasts. the 5' end of the larger subgenomic rna (sgrna1) was precisely mapped to base 2769 by ribonuclease protection and primer extension methods. synthe ... | 1992 | 1546465 |
| translational frameshifting mediated by a viral sequence in plant cells. | it has been proposed that the polymerase gene of barley yellow dwarf virus and related viruses is expressed by a ribosomal frameshift event during translation. the 5' end of this gene overlaps with the 3' end of an upstream gene that is in a different reading frame. the region of overlap is similar to sequences in retro- and coronaviruses that are known to express their polymerase genes by frameshifting. this overlap region includes a "shifty" heptanucleotide, followed by a highly structured reg ... | 1992 | 1549592 |
| improved elisa for the detection of barley yellow dwarf virus in grasses. | bydv, a phloem restricted luteovirus, occurs in very low concentration in grasses. several modifications to the virus extraction procedure were tested for their effect on elisa detection of bydv from grasses. the most efficient grinding method was to dip plastic bags containing samples in liquid nitrogen prior to crushing with a hand roller. overnight incubation of samples at 25 degrees c in 0.1 m citrate buffer, ph 6.0, or in 0.1 m phosphate buffer, ph 7.0, prior to testing increased the optica ... | 1992 | 1560107 |
| use of group-specific primers and the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of luteoviruses. | a general diagnostic assay for a number of distinct luteoviruses was developed using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction enzyme analysis. two minimally degenerate, group-specific primers were derived from previously published rna sequences of three luteoviruses. this primer pair generated specific pcr fragments of about 530 bp from extracts of plants infected with potato leafroll virus, beet western yellows virus, or new york barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) serotypes mav, pav, r ... | 1991 | 1675249 |
| a characterization of epitopes on potato leafroll virus coat protein. | a panel of ten stable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for potato leafroll virus (plrv) antigen, was produced in two fusion experiments with murine splenic and myeloma cells. using different elisa procedures and western blotting it was shown that one mab detected a continuous epitope and nine mabs reacted with conformation-dependent ones. the conformation-dependent epitopes could be separated into two groups after alkaline treatment of the virions. the mabs we ... | 1990 | 1701986 |
| a satellite rna of barley yellow dwarf virus contains a novel hammerhead structure in the self-cleavage domain. | an rna molecule with properties of a satellite rna was found in an isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv), rpv serotype. it is 322 nucleotide long, single-stranded, and does not hybridize to the viral genome. dimers of the rna, which presumably represent replicative intermediates, were able to self-cleave into monomers. in vitro transcripts from cdna clones were capable of self-cleavage in both the plus (encapsidated) and minus orientations. the sequence flanking the minus strand cleavage s ... | 1991 | 1713001 |
| influence of elisa conditions on detection of serological relationships among luteoviruses. | three variations in the elisa procedure were used in an attempt to understand the basis for serological relationships among three isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv-rpv-i from illinois, bydv-rpv-n from new york and bydv-pav from illinois), beet western yellows virus (bwyv) and soybean dwarf virus (sdv). detection of serological relationships was dependent on the state of the virus particle (e.g. dissociated or intact) and the method of detection (e.g. direct or indirect). in indirect el ... | 1991 | 1713915 |
| alternative tertiary structure attenuates self-cleavage of the ribozyme in the satellite rna of barley yellow dwarf virus. | a self-cleaving satellite rna associated with barley yellow dwarf virus (sbydv) contains a sequence predicted to form a secondary structure similar to catalytic rna molecules (ribozymes) of the 'hammerhead' class (miller et al., 1991, virology 183, 711-720). however, this rna differs from other naturally occurring hammerheads both in its very slow cleavage rate, and in some aspects of its structure. one striking structural difference is that an additional helix is predicted that may be part of a ... | 1991 | 1717946 |
| localization of a surface domain of the capsid protein of barley yellow dwarf virus. | we describe a method for localizing protein domains situated at the surface of virus particles. a cdna clone of the new york pav isolate (ny-pav) of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) containing the capsid protein gene was generated and sequenced. a defined set of overlapping cdna fragments specific to the capsid protein orf of ny-pav was subcloned into the pgex expression vectors. cells of escherichia coli carrying these plasmids synthesize recombinant glutathione s-transferase/capsid proteins. t ... | 1992 | 1727606 |
| sensitivity and specificity of nucleic acid probes for potato leafroll luteovirus detection. | complementary dna (cdna) probes, prepared by nick-translation or by oligolabelling of a 520 bp fragment representing residues 4741 to 5261 in the potato leafroll luteovirus (plrv) sequence, were equally sensitive, with a detection limit equivalent to sap from about 600 micrograms of infected potato or nicotiana clevelandii leaf tissue and to rna from about 120 micrograms tissue. increasing the concentration of oligolabelled probe gave similar results with shorter autoradiographic exposures, but ... | 1991 | 1804851 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis and genomic organization of the ny-rpv isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus. | cdna clones representing the ssrna genome of the ny-rpv isolate of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (bydv) were sequenced and 5600 nucleotides of the genome were determined. the deduced genome organization has limited similarity to that of another bydv isolate, vic-pav, but is identical to that of beet western yellows (bwyv) and potato leafroll (plrv) luteoviruses. ny-rpv has six major positive-sense open reading frames (orfs) and, by comparison with rna-dependent rna polymerase and nucleic acid h ... | 1991 | 1840612 |
| the phylogeny of rna-dependent rna polymerases of positive-strand rna viruses. | representative amino acid sequences of the rna-dependent rna polymerases of all groups of positive-strand rna viruses were aligned hierarchiacally, starting with the most closely related ones. this resulted in delineation of three large supergroups. within each of the supergroups, the sequences of segments of approximately 300 amino acid residues originating from the central and/or c-terminal portions of the polymerases could be aligned with statistically significant scores. specific consensus p ... | 1991 | 1895057 |
| heterologous encapsidation in mixed infections among four isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. | we used immunohybridization and elisa to investigate heterologous encapsidation (transcapsidation and phenotypic mixing) between paired isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) in doubly infected oat plants, avena sativa l. cv. clintland 64. virons in samples extracted from plants doubly infected with two viruses were trapped with an antibody specific to one virus, and the nucleic acids of the trapped virions were identified with a cdna probe specific to the other. heterologous encapsidation ... | 1991 | 1895059 |
| infectious in vitro transcripts from a cloned cdna of barley yellow dwarf virus. | a full-length cdna clone of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv-pav serotype) has been constructed and fused to the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter. rna transcripts produced in vitro, either capped or uncapped, were infectious in triticum monococcum protoplasts. protoplasts inoculated with in vitro-transcribed bydv rna accumulated coat protein, synthesized new viral rnas, and produced virus particles. aphid feeding on extracts from protoplasts inoculated with in vitro rna transcripts can be ... | 1991 | 1984657 |
| cross-protection among strains of barley yellow dwarf virus. | elisa, cdna dot blot hybridization and transmission by vector aphids were used to investigate the occurrence and degree of cross-protection produced in oat plants by virus isolates representing five strains or serotypes of barley yellow dwarf virus, namely pav, mav, sgv, rpv and rmv. generally, the degree of cross-protection was positively correlated with the serological relatedness between the isolates. a high degree of cross-protection occurred between ny-mav and mav-ps1, two isolates of the m ... | 1991 | 2016594 |
| nucleotide sequences of coat protein genes for three isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus and their relationships to other luteovirus coat protein sequences. | barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) can be separated into two groups based on, among other criteria, serological relationships that are presumably governed by the viral capsid structure. nucleotide sequences for the coding regions of coat proteins of approximately 22 k were identified for the mav-ps1, p-pav (group 1) and ny-rpv (group 2) isolates of bydv. the mav-ps1 and p-pav coat protein sequences shared 71% deduced amino acid similarity whereas that of the ny-rpv isolate shared no more than 51% ... | 1990 | 2273382 |
| relationships among luteoviruses based on nucleic acid hybridization and serological studies. | the luteoviruses barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv-pav and bydv-rpv), bean leaf roll virus (blrv) beet western yellows virus (bwyv), carrot red leaf virus, potato leaf roll virus, and soybean dwarf virus (sdv) were compared by hybridization with random cdna probes and serologically with polyclonal antisera. for hybridizations, filters had each rna blotted in duplicate dots at 10 ng/dot. random-primed cdna probes were prepared from 300 ng of each rna and used to probe filters at three levels of str ... | 1990 | 2338398 |
| genome structure of tobacco necrosis virus strain a. | an almost complete sequence of the rna genome of tobacco necrosis virus (tnv) strain a has been determined. the genome organization is very similar to that of carnation mottle virus (carmv) and turnip crinkle virus (tcv). the 5'-proximal open reading frame (orf) encodes a 23-kda protein and read-through of its amber codon into the second orf is presumably used for the translation of a 82-kda protein. the third large orf encodes the 30-kda coat protein. two small orfs are located upstream and one ... | 1990 | 2371773 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a cdna encoding the capsid protein of the mav isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1990 | 2388853 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the cucumber necrosis virus genome. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the cucumber necrosis virus (cnv) genome has been determined. the genome is 4701 nucleotides in length and contains five long open reading frames (orf). orf1 begins at the first aug codon at the 5' terminus and terminates at an amber codon. the predicted molecular weight of the polyprotein encoded by orf1 is 33 kilodaltons (kda). readthrough of the orf1 amber codon would yield a protein with a molecular weight of 92 kda. comparison of the amino acid sequence o ... | 1989 | 2705296 |
| strain differentiation of barley yellow dwarf virus isolates using specific monoclonal antibodies in immunosorbent electron microscopy. | three strain-specific monoclonal antibodies, mac. 91, mac. 92 and mab. maff2, were compared with two polyclonal antisera for the diagnosis of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) strains in immunosorbent electron microscopy (isem). used at 1 micrograms ml-1, the three monoclonal antibodies specifically trapped the rothamsted pav, rpv and mav-like type isolates respectively, unlike the polyclonal antisera, which showed considerable heterologous reaction. the efficiency of the monoclonal and polyclona ... | 1989 | 2715288 |
| identification and characterization of the potato leafroll virus putative coat protein gene. | complementary dna clones representing approximately 6100 nucleotides of potato leafroll virus (plrv) were generated, restriction-mapped, and partially sequenced. within one of the cdna clones an open reading frame (orf) encoding a 23k protein was identified and further characterized. amino acid sequence comparison of this protein showed significant homology (47.1%) with the barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv-pav) coat protein. this and other observations suggested that this gene encodes the plrv co ... | 1989 | 2732704 |
| nucleotide sequence of potato leafroll luteovirus rna. | a sequence of 5987 nucleotides is reported for the rna of potato leafroll luteovirus (plrv). the sequence contains six large open reading frames, and non-coding regions of 174 nucleotides at the 5' end, 141 nucleotides at the 3' end and 197 nucleotides between two large blocks of coding sequences. the 5' coding region encodes two polypeptides of 28,000 (28k) and 70k which overlap in different reading frames and circumstantial evidence suggests that the third open reading frame in the 5' block is ... | 1989 | 2732710 |
| cloning of the gene for the capsid protein of potato leafroll virus. | dna complementary to the rna of purified potato leafroll virus (plrv) was synthesized and cloned into the lambda insertion vector nm1149. overlapping plrv-specific cdna clones were isolated that represent some 80% of the viral genome. sequences coding for the capsid protein were identified by subcloning size-selected cdnas into the lambda expression vector gt11 and screening with plrv-specific antisera. the gene for the viral capsid protein was shown to reside in the 3' terminal half of the geno ... | 1989 | 2751428 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of red clover necrotic mosaic virus rna-1. | the complete nucleotide sequence of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (rcnmv) rna-1 has been determined. rna-1 is 3889 nucleotides in length with a 5' terminal m7gpppa cap. the rna contains three large open reading frames (orfs): the 5' proximal orf, encoding a 27-kda polypeptide; the internal orf, coding for a 57-kda polypeptide; and the 3' terminal orf, encoding the 37-kda capsid protein. the sequence results confirm in vitro translation of 27-, 50-, and 37-kda products but do not account for t ... | 1989 | 2763465 |
| nucleotide sequence of beet western yellows virus rna. | the nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna (5641 nt) of beet western yellow virus (bwyv) isolated from lettuce has been determined and its genetic organization deduced. the sequence of the 3'terminal 2208 nt of rna of a second bwyv isolate, obtained from sugarbeet, was also determined and was found to be very similar but not identical to that of the lettuce isolate. the complete sequence of bwyv rna contains six long open reading frames (orfs). a cluster of three of these orfs, including the coa ... | 1988 | 3194229 |
| optimal conditions for the use of cdna probes to measure the concentration of barley yellow dwarf virus in barley (hordeum vulgare). | experiments which optimise the conditions for the measurement of the relative concentration of bydv in barley (hordeum vulgare) tissues using cdna probes are described herein. these studies have shown that both the ph of the buffer and the ratio of buffer to tissue used to homogenise plant material greatly affects the amount of cdna probe which hybridises to leaf extracts immobilised on nitrocellulose. these studies also showed that the measurement of this virus was greatly facilitated by using ... | 1988 | 3372676 |
| sequence and identification of the barley yellow dwarf virus coat protein gene. | the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv, pav serotype) was determined, and the amino acid sequence was deduced. the open reading frame, encoding a protein of relative molecular mass (mr) 22,047, was confirmed as the coat protein gene by comparison with amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides derived from dissociated virions. in addition, a fragment of this gene expressed in escherichia coli produced a product which was recognized by antibodies prepare ... | 1988 | 3388774 |
| sequence and organization of barley yellow dwarf virus genomic rna. | the nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of barley yellow dwarf virus, pav serotype was determined, except for the 5'-terminal base, and its genome organization deduced. the 5,677 nucleotide genome contains five large open reading frames (orfs). the genes for the coat protein (1) and the putative viral rna-dependent rna polymerase were identified. the latter shows a striking degree of similarity to that of carnation mottle virus (carmv). by comparison with corona- and retrovirus rnas, it is pr ... | 1988 | 3399386 |
| use of enzyme amplification in an elisa to increase sensitivity of detection of barley yellow dwarf virus in oats and in individual vector aphids. | a new technique of alkaline phosphatase amplification in an elisa (amplified elisa) was used to increase the sensitivity of detection of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) from oat plant sap and in individual vector aphids. amplified elisa differs from conventional direct double antibody sandwich elisa (das-elisa) in the enzyme substrate reaction. the bound enzyme-labelled antibody catalyzes the conversion of nadp to nad which is then used in a secondary enzyme-mediated cyclic reaction producing a ... | 1987 | 3558700 |
| nonradioactive, photobiotin-labelled dna probes for the routine diagnosis of barley yellow dwarf virus. | photobiotin was used to prepare biotinylated, nonradioactive nucleic acid probes for the detection of the rna of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) in plant extracts. a 1.7-kb cdna of the pav isolate of bydv in the plasmid puc8 vector was biotinylated and then used intact or as sonicated double-stranded dna fragments. simple methods were developed for the preparation of partially purified nucleic acid extracts of cereals and their spotting, after formaldehyde treatment, onto nitrocellulose membran ... | 1987 | 3654900 |
| ribonucleic acid of barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1974 | 4415633 |
| relationships among three isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1971 | 5001358 |
| purification and antigenicity of three isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1971 | 5124238 |
| biological properties of four isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1969 | 5377734 |
| on the mechanism of persistence and distribution of barley yellow dwarf virus in an aphid vector. | | 1970 | 5483261 |
| occurrence of virus particles in the phloem tissue of bydv-infected barley. | | 1969 | 5784053 |
| cross protection and mutual exclusion by three strains of barley yellow dwarf virus in avena sativa l. | | 1965 | 5833319 |
| variation within rhopalosiphum padi and transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus by clones of four aphid species. | | 1966 | 5919230 |
| serological blocking of aphid transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1967 | 6053148 |
| purification of barley yellow dwarf virus by gel filtration on sephacryl s-1000 superfine. | barley yellow dwarf virus was purified from infected oats using cellulase to assist virus extraction, clarification of the extract with chloroform-butanol, precipitation of virus by polyethylene glycol and gel filtration of the resulting suspension on sephacryl s-1000 superfine. the virus was further purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy showed that the virus preparation is of sufficient purity for ... | 1983 | 6655024 |
| replication of barley yellow dwarf virus satellite rna transcripts in oat protoplasts. | a small rna associated with an isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) has been described which has the physical properties of a satellite rna (miller et al., virology 183, 711-720, 1991). here we demonstrate that this rna has the biological properties of a satellite rna: it requires the presence of helper virus (bydv genomic) rna for replication and the helper rna does not require the satellite. to obtain pure satellite rna, a permuted dimeric clone was constructed from which infectious sat ... | 1994 | 7505072 |
| genes and cis-acting sequences involved in replication of barley yellow dwarf virus-pav rna. | deletion and point mutation analyses were employed to determine gene products and cis-acting signals involved in translation, replication, and encapsidation of barley yellow dwarf virus (pav serotype) rna in oat protoplasts. of the six open reading frames (orfs), only orfs 1 and 2, which include the putative rna-dependent rna polymerase gene, were required for replication. in vitro translation of these mutants revealed that sequence upstream of the shifty heptanucleotide was required for ribosom ... | 1995 | 7676628 |
| a sequence located 4.5 to 5 kilobases from the 5' end of the barley yellow dwarf virus (pav) genome strongly stimulates translation of uncapped mrna. | an infectious, in vitro transcript from a full-length cdna clone of the barley yellow dwarf virus (pav serotype) genome translated efficiently in a wheat germ translation extract. deletions in a region that we call the 3' translational enhancer, located between bases 4,513 and 5,009 in the 5,677-base genome, reduced translation of the 5'-proximal open reading frames from uncapped rna by at least 30-fold. deletions elsewhere in all but the 5' end of the genome had no effect on translation. presen ... | 1995 | 7768947 |
| simplified sample preparation for detection of wheat streak mosaic virus and barley yellow dwarf virus by pcr. | a pcr diagnostic procedure for wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) was developed using a primer derived from 3'-terminal sequences of five wsmv isolates and an oligo d(t)-based primer. cereal extracts prepared by digestion with proteinase k and boiling permitted pcr-based detection of both wsmv and bydv in field samples. this procedure saves time, eliminates multiple liquid transfer steps, and reduces the chances of cross contamination. sensitivity of such assays is still very good; bydv could be r ... | 1994 | 7829597 |
| sequence variability in the genome-3'-terminal region of bydv for 10 geographically distinct pav-like isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus: analysis of the orf6 variation. | nucleotide sequence of the genome terminal region 3' to the capsid-readthrough cistron were compared for 10 pav-like isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) from three continents. the sequenced region varied in length from 853 to 864 nucleotides and the extent of sequence homology among the isolates ranged from 84 to 99%. sequence variations occur mainly in two locations, one in the orf6 coding region and the other near the genome 3' terminus. sequence homology grouping reveals three geneti ... | 1994 | 7832645 |
| readthrough protein associated with virions of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus and its potential role in regulating the efficiency of aphid transmission. | purified particles of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (bydv) contain a major 22-kda protein and a minor protein of approximately 58 kda. the 22-kda capsid protein is encoded by open reading frame (orf) 3. orf 5 is immediately downstream and in frame with orf 3 and a 72-kda protein can be translated via a readthrough suppression of the orf 3 termination codon. antibodies were produced against two escherichia coli expressed polypeptides that represent the amino- and carboxyl-terminal halves of a pu ... | 1995 | 7856106 |
| coat protein sequences of rmv-like strains of barley yellow dwarf virus separate them from other luteoviruses. | illinois (il) and minnesota (mn) rmv-like strains of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) were identified from maize displaying red leaf symptoms by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using antiserum against a new york strain (bydv-rmv-ny). some il and mn strains, but not the ny strain, could be detected by elisa with a monoclonal antibody raised against bydv-rpv-ny. the region of the viral genome representing the coat protein gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequen ... | 1994 | 7928284 |
| in vivo expression and mutational analysis of the barley yellow dwarf virus readthrough gene. | the barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) coat protein gene is separated from an adjacent downstream open reading frame (orf) by a single termination codon. immunological analysis of this downstream "readthrough" region reveals multiple coat protein-readthrough products. a full-length 72-kda (p72) coat protein-readthrough fusion product is detected in total lysates from infected cells. however, purified aphid transmissible virions contain only a 50-kda (p50) coat protein-readthrough product. virion-a ... | 1994 | 7975225 |
| detection of the readthrough protein of barley yellow dwarf virus. | the single open reading frame (orf) 5 encoding the 50-kda protein of barley yellow dwarf virus pav-il (bydv-pav-il) was expressed in bacteria, purified, and used as an immunogen/antigen to produce/screen antibodies specific to the 50-kda protein. two monoclonal antibodies (mab pav-il-22 kda and mab pav-il-50 kda) raised against bydv-pav-il could specifically detect the presence of the 72-kda readthrough protein in extracts from the bydv-infected leaf tissue. the results suggest that orf 5 (50-kd ... | 1994 | 8030200 |
| nucleotide sequence of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows luteovirus. | the nucleotide sequence (5669 residues) of the genomic rna of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows luteovirus (cabyv) is presented. analysis of genome organization and sequence homologies indicate that cabyv is a member of luteovirus subgroup 2 (other sequenced members: beet western yellows virus, potato leafroll virus, and barley yellow dwarf virus, rpv isolate) and appears to be most closely related to beet western yellows virus. | 1994 | 8030201 |
| characterisation of the subgenomic rnas of an australian isolate of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus. | we have characterised the subgenomic rnas of an australian isolate of bydv-pav. northern blot analyses of infected plants and protoplasts have shown that this isolate synthesizes three subgenomic rnas. precise mapping of the transcription start sites of all three subgenomic rnas and translational analyses of subgenomic rna 2 and 3 have revealed a number of features. first, the transcription start site of subgenomic rna 1 in this isolate differs markedly from the start site determined for an illi ... | 1994 | 8030222 |
| aua-cleaving hammerhead ribozymes: attempted selection for improved cleavage. | in order to find a ribozyme which can cleave the aua triplet efficiently, the specificities and rates of intermolecular cleavage by the ribozyme of the satellite rna of the barley yellow dwarf virus have been determined. although it cleaves the aua triplet in the plus strand of the viroid rna, cleavage of auc and auu is more efficient, and aug is essentially not cleaved. attempts were made to increase cleavage efficiency by in vitro selection with randomization at positions 7, 10.1, and 11.1 in ... | 1994 | 8110761 |
| soybean dwarf luteovirus contains the third variant genome type in the luteovirus group. | complementary dnas covering the entire rna genome of soybean dwarf luteovirus (sdv) were cloned and sequenced. computer analysis of the 5861 nucleotide sequence revealed five major open reading frames (orfs) possessing conservation of sequence and organisation with known luteovirus sequences. comparative analyses of the genome structure show that sdv shares sequence homology and features of gene organisation with barley yellow dwarf virus (pav isolate) in the 5' half of the genome, yet is more c ... | 1994 | 8291248 |
| control of start codon choice on a plant viral rna encoding overlapping genes. | the signals that control initiation of translation in plants are not well understood. to dissect some of these signals, we used a plant viral mrna on which protein synthesis initiates at two out-of-frame start codons. on the large subgenomic rna (sgrna1) of barley yellow dwarf virus-pav serotype, the coat protein (cp) and overlapping 17k open reading frames (orfs) are translated beginning at the first and second aug codons, respectively. the roles of bases at positions -3 and +4 relative to the ... | 1993 | 8329899 |
| translational frameshifting by barley yellow dwarf virus rna (pav serotype) in escherichia coli and in eukaryotic cell-free extracts. | the open reading frame (39k orf) at the 5' end of the genome of barley yellow dwarf virus, pav serotype (bydv-pav), overlaps with a 60k orf by 13 nucleotides. several approaches were used to show that the 60k orf (putative polymerase gene) is translated by a low-frequency frameshift event in which some ribosomes shift into the 60k orf rather than terminate at the 39k orf stop codon. a sequence encompassing this region of overlap induced minus one (-1) translational frameshifting in heterologous ... | 1993 | 8400374 |
| purification and coat protein gene sequence of a montana rmv-like isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus. | a montana barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) isolate, bydv-rmv-mt, is serologically identical to the new york rmv type isolate (rmv-ny) but differs in aphid transmission phenotype. a purification procedure for bydv-rmv-mt was developed and cdnas encompassing the entire coat protein gene and a portion of the putative polymerase gene of both rmv-mt and rmv-ny were cloned and sequenced. diameters of rmv-mt virions averaged 24.7 nm. average virus yield was 4.2 mg/kg plant tissue. there was 81% sequenc ... | 1996 | 8645094 |
| local and distant sequences are required for efficient readthrough of the barley yellow dwarf virus pav coat protein gene stop codon. | many viruses use stop codon readthrough as a strategy to produce extended coat or replicase proteins. the stop codon of the barley yellow dwarf virus (pav serotype) coat protein gene is read through at a low rate. this produces an extended polypeptide which becomes part of the virion. we have analyzed the cis-acting sequences in the barley yellow dwarf virus pav genome required for this programmed readthrough in vitro in wheat germ extracts and reticulocyte lysates and in vivo in oat protoplasts ... | 1996 | 8709208 |
| improved detection of barley yellow dwarf virus in single aphids using rt-pcr. | the detection of a british isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv-g, pav-like) from individual vector aphids, using a combined assay of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) is reported. the method makes use of a multiplex format, including internal control primers directed at conserved regions of insect actin. the actin primers serve as controls for each stage of the method and are suitable for use in a range of invertebrate species. detection of bydv in vector aphids ... | 1996 | 8882649 |
| in vitro interactions of the aphid endosymbiotic syml chaperonin with barley yellow dwarf virus. | barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv)-vector relationships suggest that there are specific interactions between bydv virions and the aphid's cellular components. however, little is known about vector factors that mediate virion recognition, cellular trafficking, and accumulation within the aphid. symbionins are molecular chaperonins produced by intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria and are the most abundant proteins found in aphids. to elucidate the potential role of symbionins in bydv transmission, w ... | 1997 | 8985385 |
| characterization of the translocated chromosome using fluorescence in situ hybridization and random amplified polymorphic dna on two triticum aestivum-thinopyrum intermedium translocation lines resistant to wheat streak mosaic or barley yellow dwarf virus. | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was used to determine the breakpoint of the translocation chromosome in two bread wheat (triticum aestivum) germplasm lines with thinopyrum intermedium chromatin carrying resistance to either wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) or barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv). in addition, genome-specific random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were used to ascertain the genomic sources of the th. intermedium chromosome carrying the wsmv or bydv resistance. ci17 ... | 1996 | 9024975 |
| two distinct mechanisms regulate luteovirus transmission efficiency and specificity at the aphid salivary gland. | barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (bydv) particles are transmitted by aphids in a species-specific manner. transmission to plants requires that the virus particles be transported across the basal lamina and plasmalemma of the accessory salivary gland (asg). to characterize the role of the asg basal lamina in regulating bydv transmission, five aphid species were microinjected with purified new york isolates bydv-pav or -rpv. both viruses associated specifically only with the asg basal lamina. the ab ... | 1997 | 9049397 |
| the satellite rna of barley yellow dwarf virus-rpv is supported by beet western yellows virus in dicotyledonous protoplasts and plants. | the subgroup ii luteovirus barley yellow dwarf virus-rpv (bydv-rpv) acts as a helper virus for a satellite rna (satrpv rna). the subgroup ii luteovirus beet western yellows virus (bwyv) and the st9-associated rna (st9a rna), a bwyv-associated rna that encodes a polymerase similar to those of subgroup i luteoviruses, were assayed for their ability to support replication of satrpv rna. satrpv rna was replicated in tobacco protoplasts in the presence of bwyv rna or a mixture of bwyv plus the st9a r ... | 1997 | 9168880 |
| a viral sequence in the 3'-untranslated region mimics a 5' cap in facilitating translation of uncapped mrna. | for recognition by the translational machinery, most eukaryotic cellular mrnas have a 5' cap structure [e.g. m7g(5')ppp(5')n]. we describe a translation enhancer sequence (3'te) located in the 3'-untranslated region (utr) of the genome of the pav barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv-pav) which stimulates translation from uncapped mrna by 30- to 100-fold in vitro and in vivo to a level equal to that of efficient capped mrnas. a four base duplication within the 3'te destroyed the stimulatory activity. ... | 1997 | 9233819 |
| comparison of the coat protein, movement protein and rna polymerase gene sequences of australian, chinese, and american isolates of barely yellow dwarf virus transmitted by rhopalosiphum padi. | barely yellow dwarf luteovirus-gpv (bydv-gpv) is a common problem in chinese wheat crops but is unrecorded elsewhere. a defining characteristic of gpv is its capacity to be transmitted efficiently by both schizaphis graminum and rhopaloshiphum padi. this dual aphid species transmission contrasts with those of bydv-rpv and bydv-sgv, globally distributed viruses, which are efficiently transmitted only by rhopaloshiphum padi and schizaphis graminum respectively. the viral rna sequences encoding the ... | 1998 | 9645205 |
| barley yellow dwarf virus-pav rna does not have a vpg. | the genus luteovirus is divided into two subgroups. it has already been shown that a genome-linked protein (vpg) is covalently attached to the 5'-end of the genomic rna of subgroup ii luteoviruses, but whether a vpg is present or absent on the genomic rna of subgroup i luteoviruses is unknown. in the present work, a simple and sensitive method was developed for the detection of the vpg on virion genomic rna. this method was used to show that a vpg is not attached to the 5'-end of the rna genome ... | 1997 | 9672612 |
| barley yellow dwarf virus rna requires a cap-independent translation sequence because it lacks a 5' cap. | a 3' translation enhancer (3'te) sequence that facilitates cap-independent translation is located near the 3' end of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus rna. here, we show that the 3'te is required for translation of the viral genome and thus for viral replication. antisense inhibition showed that the 3'te has significant secondary structure and is required for translation of virion rna from infected plants and uncapped genomic transcripts but not for translation of capped transcripts. direct end-lab ... | 1999 | 9918872 |
| primary and secondary structural elements required for synthesis of barley yellow dwarf virus subgenomic rna1. | barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (bydv) generates three 3'-coterminal subgenomic rnas (sgrnas) in infected cells. the promoter of sgrna1 is a putative hot spot for rna recombination in luteovirus evolution. the sgrna1 transcription start site was mapped previously to either nucleotide 2670 or nucleotide 2769 of bydv genomic rna (grna) in two independent studies. our data support the former initiation site. the boundaries of the sgrna1 promoter map between nucleotides 2595 and 2692 on genomic rna. ... | 1999 | 10074135 |
| a potential mechanism for selective control of cap-independent translation by a viral rna sequence in cis and in trans. | highly efficient cap-independent translation initiation at the 5'-proximal aug is facilitated by the 3' translation enhancer sequence (3'te) located near the 3' end of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) genomic rna. the role of the 3'te in regulating viral translation was examined. the 3'te is required for translation and thus replication of the genomic rna that lacks a 5' cap (allen et al., 1999, virology253:139-144). here we show that the 3'te also mediates translation of uncapped viral subgenom ... | 1999 | 10376873 |
| combined aflp and rflp mapping in two hexaploid oat recombinant inbred populations. | a combined rflp and aflp map was constructed for hexaploid oat (avena spp.). the segregation of aflp markers was scored in two hexaploid oat recombinant inbred line (ril) populations, the 'kanota' x 'ogle' rflp population, and a population derived from 'clintland64' and 'il86-5698', barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv)-sensitive and bydv-tolerant lines, respectively. more than 300 aflp markers were scored in each population, of which 97 could be scored in both populations. aflp markers were linked t ... | 2000 | 10701118 |
| a positive-strand rna virus with three very different subgenomic rna promoters. | numerous rna viruses generate subgenomic mrnas (sgrnas) for expression of their 3'-proximal genes. a major step in control of viral gene expression is the regulation of sgrna synthesis by specific promoter elements. we used barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) as a model system to study transcriptional control in a virus with multiple sgrnas. bydv generates three sgrnas during infection. the sgrna1 promoter has been mapped previously to a 98-nucleotide (nt) region which forms two stem-loop structure ... | 2000 | 10846080 |
| identification and characterization of wheat-wheatgrass translocation lines and localization of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance. | stable introgression of agronomically important traits into crop plants through wide crossing often requires the generation and identification of translocation lines. however, the low efficiency of identifying lines containing translocations is a significant limitation in utilizing valuable alien chromatin-derived traits. selection of putative wheatgrass-wheat translocation lines based on segregation ratios of progeny from gamma-irradiated seed using a standard phenotypic analysis resulted in a ... | 2000 | 10984183 |
| [molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat line yw443 with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus]. | a new wheat line yw443 with bydv resistance and good traits was developed from the combination of pp9-1/shan7859¿fengkang 8. the wheat line yw443 was identified by bydv resistance analysis, genomic in situ hybridization (gish), rflp and rapd analysis. the results indicated as follows: (1) yw443 was resistant to gpv and gav strains of bydv; (2) yw443 is a homozygous wheat-thinopyrum intermedium translocation line with a pair of bydv resistance genes; (3) the 7stl segment of th. intermedium carrin ... | 2000 | 11051722 |
| structure and function of a cap-independent translation element that functions in either the 3' or the 5' untranslated region. | barley yellow dwarf virus rna lacks both a 5' cap and a poly(a) tail, yet it is translated efficiently. it contains a cap-independent translation element (te), located in the 3' utr, that confers efficient translation initiation at the aug closest to the 5' end of the mrna. we propose that the te must both recruit ribosomes and facilitate 3'-5' communication. to dissect its function, we determined the secondary structure of the te and roles of domains within it. nuclease probing and structure-di ... | 2000 | 11142380 |
| seasonal abundance of aphids (homoptera: aphididae) in wheat and their role as barley yellow dwarf virus vectors in the south carolina coastal plain. | aphid (homoptera: aphididae) seasonal flight activity and abundance in wheat, triticum aestivum l., and the significance of aphid species as vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus were studied over a nine-year period in the south carolina coastal plain. four aphid species colonized wheat in a consistent seasonal pattern. greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani), and rice root aphid, rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (sasaki), colonized seedlingwheat immediately after crop emergence, with apterous colon ... | 2001 | 11332833 |
| vector specificity of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) transmission: identification of potential cellular receptors binding bydv-mav in the aphid, sitobion avenae. | two proteins (sam35 and sam50) isolated from head tissues of the aphid vector, sitobion avenae, were identified as potential receptors for barley yellow dwarf virus mav isolate (luteoviridae) based on mav virus overlay assays and immunoblots of urea sds 2-d gels. an anti-idiotypic antibody (mav4 anti-id) that mimics an epitope on mav virions and competes with mav in antibody binding assays also bound to sam50 and sam35 and to six additional proteins including a groel homolog. no mav-binding prot ... | 2001 | 11448166 |
| a sequence required for -1 ribosomal frameshifting located four kilobases downstream of the frameshift site. | programmed ribosomal frameshifting allows one mrna to encode regulate expression of, multiple open reading frames (orfs). the polymerase encoded by orf 2 of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) is expressed via minus one (-1) frameshifting from the overlapping orf 1. previously, this appeared to be mediated by a 116 nt rna sequence that contains canonical -1 frameshift signals including a shifty heptanucleotide followed by a highly structured region. however, unlike known -1 frameshift signals, the ... | 2001 | 11502008 |
| effect of mutations in barley yellow dwarf virus genomic rna on the 5' termini of subgenomic rnas. | to investigate the role in transcription initiation of sequences upstream of the promoter for subgenomic rna2 (sgrna2) of barley yellow dwarf virus pav, deletion and insertion clones were constructed and the 5' termini of all three sgrnas were determined. deletion and insertion of sequences upstream of the transcription start site of sgrna2 altered the position and nucleotide used to initiate transcription of sgrna2, but not of sgrnas 1 or 3. since the promoter for sgrna2 is downstream of the mu ... | 2001 | 11556715 |
| the effect of natural enemies on the spread of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) by rhopalosiphum padi (hemiptera: aphididae). | the effects of two natural aphid enemies, adult coccinella septempunctata linneaus, a predator, and aphidius rhopalosiphi de stefani perez, a parasitoid, on spread of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) transmitted by the bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus) were studied under laboratory conditions. predators or parasitoids were introduced to trays of durum wheat seedlings and the patterns of virus infection were observed after two, seven and 14 days of exposure. more plants were in ... | 2001 | 11587627 |
| comparison of complete nucleotide sequences of genomic rnas of four soybean dwarf virus strains that differ in their vector specificity and symptom production. | soybean dwarf virus (sbdv) is divided into four strains, namely ys, yp, ds and dp. ys and yp cause yellowing in soybeans, while ds and dp cause dwarfing. ys and ds are transmitted by aulacorthum solani, while yp and dp are transmitted by acyrthosiphon pisum. to clarify the taxonomic relationship between the four strains and to classify sbdv into an appropriate genus in the luteoviridae, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of genomic rnas of four isolates belonging to each of the stra ... | 2001 | 11722012 |
| molecular characterization of a thinopyrum intermedium group 2 chromosome (2ai-2) conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus. | the wheat--thinopyrum intermedium addition lines z1 and z2 carry 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and one pair of th. intermedium chromosomes (2ai-2) conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv). gish results using the genomic dna of pseudoroegneria strigosa (s genome) as the probe indicated that the 2ai-2 chromosome in z1 and z2 is an s-j intercalary translocation. most of the 2ai-2 chromosome belongs to the s genome, except for about one third in the middle region of the long arm tha ... | 2001 | 11768217 |
| the 3prime prime or minute-terminal structure required for replication of barley yellow dwarf virus rna contains an embedded 3prime prime or minute end. | we determined the 3prime prime or minute-terminal primary and secondary structures required for replication of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) rna in oat protoplasts. computer predictions, nuclease probing, phylogenetic comparisons, and replication assays of specific mutants and chimeras revealed that the 3prime prime or minute-terminal 109 nucleotides (nt) form a structure with three to four stem-loops followed by a coaxially stacked helix incorporating the last four nt [(a/u)ccc]. sequences u ... | 2002 | 11878914 |
| biolistic-mediated inoculation of immature wheat embryos with barley yellow dwarf virus-pav. | successful mechanical inoculation of plant with viruses requires an efficient method to introduce the viral pathogen into the appropriate cells of the plant. barley yellow dwarf virus-pav (bydv-pav, luteovirus), transmitted naturally by aphids, must be inoculated into the phloem tissue to infect systemically inoculated hosts. the particle bombardment method used widely for nucleic acid transfer into plant tissues was adapted to inoculate immature embryos of winter and spring wheat cultivars with ... | 2002 | 11879704 |
| nucleotide sequences of the coat protein and readthrough protein genes of the chinese gav isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus. | the nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (cp) and readthrough protein (rtp) genes of the chinese gav isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) were determined. the cp and rtp genes of gav isolate comprised 600 and 1374 nucleotides, respectively. when the cp and rtp gene sequences of gav isolate were compared with those of bydv isolates mav-ps1, p-pav, ny-sgv and cereal yellow dwarf virus rpv (cydv-rpv), the highest similarity (97.2%) between the cp genes of gav and mav-ps1 isolates was obs ... | 2001 | 11885932 |
| nucleotide sequence shows that bean leafroll virus has a luteovirus-like genome organization. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the bean leafroll virus (blrv) genomic rna and the termini of its smallest subgenomic rnas were determined to better understand its mechanisms of gene expression and replication and its phylogenetic position within the luteoviridae: the number and placement of open reading frames (orfs) within the blrv genome was luteovirus-like. the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of blrv were most similar to those of soybean dwarf virus (sbdv). phylogenetic ana ... | 2002 | 12075101 |
| a -1 ribosomal frameshift element that requires base pairing across four kilobases suggests a mechanism of regulating ribosome and replicase traffic on a viral rna. | programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting is necessary for translation of the polymerase genes of many viruses. in addition to the consensus elements in the mrna around the frameshift site, we found previously that frameshifting on barley yellow dwarf virus rna requires viral sequence located four kilobases downstream. by using dual luciferase reporter constructs, we now show that a predicted loop in the far downstream frameshift element must base pair to a bulge in a bulged stem loop adjacent to th ... | 2002 | 12149516 |
| [construction, characterization and screening of a transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) library of wheat-thinopyrum intermedium translocation line with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus]. | a transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) library was constructed from the genomic dna of wheat-th. intermidium translocation line hw642 that harbor the barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) resistance gene derived from th. intermidium. the library consists of 2.3 x 10(6) clones with an average insert size of 22kb, representing approximately 2.5 haploid genome equivalents and is able to give a greater than 95.77% probability of isolating single-copy dna sequences from this library. the l ... | 2002 | 12200863 |
| generation of large numbers of independently transformed fertile barley plants. | a rapid, efficient, and reproducible system to generate large numbers of independently transformed, self-fertile, transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants is described. immature zygotic embryos, young callus, and microspore-derived embryos were bombarded with a plasmid containing bar and uida either alone or in combination with another plasmid containing a barley yellow dwarf virus coat protein (bydvcp) gene. a total of 91 independent bialaphos-resistant callus lines expressed functional ph ... | 1994 | 12232059 |
| cytological modifications in maize plants infected by barley yellow dwarf virus and maize dwarf mosaic virus. | three inbred lines of maize (33-16, mo17 and b73) differing in their susceptibility to barley yellow dwarf virus and maize dwarf mosaic virus were studied to compare the ultrastructural modifications induced by the two viruses in leaf tissues of different age. the results demonstrate that the alterations induced by the two viruses in the different maize lines could depend on the particular line tested. | 2002 | 12475565 |
| molecular cytogenetic discrimination and reaction to wheat streak mosaic virus and the wheat curl mite in zhong series of wheat--thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids. | thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, jjjsjsss) is potentially a useful source of resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) and its vector, the wheat curl mite (wcm). five partial amphiploids, namely zhong 1, zhong 2, zhong 3, zhong 4, and zhong 5, derived from triticum aestivum x thinopyrum intermedium crosses produced in china, were screened for wsmv and wcm resistance. zhong 1 and zhong 2 had high levels of resistance to wsmv and wcm. the other three partial amphiploids, zhong 3, 4, and ... | 2003 | 12669806 |
| improvement of barley yellow dwarf virus-pav detection in single aphids using a fluorescent real time rt-pcr. | one of the major factors determining the incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) on autumn-sown cereals is the viruliferous state of immigrant winged aphids. this variable is assessed routinely using the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (elisa). however, the threshold for virus detection by elisa can lead to false negative results for aphids carrying less than 10(6) particles. although molecular detection techniques enabling the detection of lower virus quantities in samples are available ... | 2003 | 12757920 |
| transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus acquired from liquid extracts by aphids feeding through membranes. | | 1960 | 13742484 |
| an aphid-injection method for the transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus. | | 1961 | 13773560 |