| studies on prr1, an rna bacteriophage with broad host range [proceedings]. | | 1977 | 68730 |
| the primary structure of the coat protein of the broad-host-range rna bacteriophage prr1. | the complete amino acid sequence of the coat protein of rna bacteriophage prr1 is presented. after thermolysin digestion, 26 peptides were isolated, covering the complete coat protein chain. their alignment was established in part using automated edman degradation on the intact protein, in part with overlapping peptides obtained by enzymic hydrolysis with trypsin, pepsin, subtilisin and staphylococcus aureus protease, and by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide and n-bromosuccinimide. to obta ... | 1979 | 107028 |
| suppressor mutation in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | suppressor mutations were identified in pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a comparison was made with escherichia coli suppressor systems. a suppressor-sensitive (sus) derivative of a plasmid, rp4 trp, and several sus mutants of incp1 plasmid-specific phages, were isolated by using e. coli. plasmid rp4 trp (sus) was transferred to p. aeruginosa strains carrying trp markers which did not complement rp4 trp(sus), and trp+ variants were selected. some, but not all such revertants, could propagate prd1 sus ... | 1979 | 110767 |
| conjugal transfer system of plasmid rp4: analysis by transposon 7 insertion. | we have begun an analysis in escherichia coli of the conjugal transfer functions of the broad-host-range plasmid rp4. we have isolated 19 tra mutants of rp4, generated by insertion of transposon 7, and mapped their insertion sites by restriction endonuclease analysis. these sites fall into two separate regions on either side of the kanamycin resistance determinant. the transfer rates of the mutants range from 10% of that of rp4 to an undetectable level. spot tests with the p-1 pilus-specific pha ... | 1978 | 338595 |
| properties of r plasmid r772 and the corresponding pilus-specific phage pr772. | r plasmid r772 was isolated from a strain of proteus mirabilis and is a self-transmissible p-1 incompatibility group plasmid having a molecular weight of about 27 x 10(6). it renders bacterial hosts resistant to kanamycin. phage pr772 was isolated as a phage dependent on the presence of r772 in bacterial hosts. it is hexagonal-shaped with a diameter of 53 nm, has a thick inner membrane and no tail. vaguely defined appendages are sometimes apparent at some vertices and the phage possesses double- ... | 1979 | 374677 |
| [transmissible hybrid plasmid rp4-cole1]. | hybrid plasmid rp4-cole1 was obtained by joining dna plasmids rp4 and cole1, each of which possessed only one site of restriction for ecor1. these plasmid molecules were restricted by endonuclease ecor1 and then treated by ligase. the hybrid plasmid retained the property of transmissibility typical for drug factor resistance rp4. non-transmissible mutant of the hybrid plasmid selected by the character of the resistance of escherichia coli c600 (rp4-cole1) to the phage prr1 is used for subsequent ... | 1976 | 795717 |
| genetic transfer of pseudomonas aeruginosa r factors to plant pathogenic erwinia species. | the r factors rp1, r68 and r91 were freely transmissible to and from pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhimurium, and various plant pathogenic erwinia spp. the antibiotic resistance spectrum of r+ erwinia recipients was similar to those of other bacteria harboring these r factors, but maximum resistance levels differed with each recipient. the sponstaneous elimination of these factors from the erwinia strains and the ability to transfer multiple antibiotic resistance suggest that these exist ... | 1975 | 804467 |
| isolation of nonsense suppressor mutants in pseudomonas. | a strain of escherichia coli harboring the drug resistance plasmid rp1 was treated with the mutagen n-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine, and mutants were isolated in which ampicillin resistance had been lost due to an amber mutation in the plasmid. one of these mutants was again treated, and a strain was isolated in which tetracycline resistance was also lost due to an amber mutation in the plasmid. the plasmid containing amber mutations in the genes amp and tet was named plm2. this plas ... | 1976 | 816771 |
| acceptance and transfer of r-factor rp1 by members of the "herbicola" group of the genus erwinia. | the r-factor rp1 was transferred by conjugation from pseudomonas aeruginosa pao12r(rpi) to various strains of erwinia herbicola and to one strain of erwinia stewartii. the exconjugate strains had minimum inhibitory concentration values for carbenicillin, kanamycin, neomycin, and tetracycline somewhat lower than the corresponding values for the pseudomonad rp1 donor strain. the biochemical characteristics of the exconjugant strains displayed minor variation in some instances from those of the cor ... | 1976 | 824272 |
| localization of the prr1 gene coding for rat prostatic proline-rich polypeptides to chromosome 10 by in situ hybridization. | the gene coding for rat ventral prostatic proline-rich polypeptides (prr1) was mapped to chromosome region 10q26----q31 by in situ hybridization. the high percentage (40%) of specific hybridization signal obtained is probably the result of the highly repetitive structure of the prr1 gene. | 1989 | 2630192 |
| molecular cloning and expression of ribosome releasing factor. | ribosome releasing factor (rrf) is responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger rna at the termination of escherichia coli protein biosynthesis (hirashima, a., and kaji, a. (1972) biochemistry 11, 4037-4044). rrf has been partially analyzed by edman degradation to obtain its amino acid sequence. based on this analysis, a 47-nucleotide probe was synthesized and used to screen clones from the clarke and carbon gene bank which carry sequences within the 0-10 min region of the e. coli gen ... | 1989 | 2684966 |
| characteristics and purification of prr1, an rna phage specific for the broad host range pseudomonas r1822 drug resistance plasmid. | a new drug resistance plasmid-dependent rna containing phage resembling coliphage f2 in its particle size and density is described. the phage, prr1, will only productively infect some r(+) hosts containing the pseudomonas drug resistance plasmid r1822. the membrane filter-salt elution patterns, rnase sensitivity, inactivation in low ionic strength solutions, and host range serve to distinguish prr1 from coliphage f2 and two other pseudomonas rna phages, 7s and pp7. | 1973 | 4128383 |
| host range and properties of the pseudomonas aeruginosa r factor r1822. | r1822, a plasmid specifying multiple drug resistances, has been transferred to a variety of species representative of related and unrelated genera. the host range of the plasmid includes enterobacteriaceae, soil saprophytes, neisseria perflava, and photosynthetic bacteria. with the acquisition of drug resistance(s), these strains became sensitive to a small, ribonuclease-sensitive bacteriophage, designated prr1, isolated by enrichment from sewage. | 1973 | 4632321 |
| cloning the tra1 region of rp1. | the tra1 region of rp1 from a derivative with tn7 inserted into the kanamycin resistance determinant was cloned, using ecori, into the multicopy vector plasmid pbr325. for one orientation of the cloned fragment the resultant chimeric plasmid was very frequently lost from the cell, but in the other orientation it was much more stable and also compatible with rp1. complementation by the stable chimeric plasmid, ped800, of a series of rp1 tra mutants showed that the mutations of all those retaining ... | 1980 | 6100930 |
| identification and characterization of rp1 tra1 cistrons involved in pilus function and plasmid mobilization. | transfer-defective mutants of the tra1 region of rp1 were isolated. complementation studies involving stable heterozygotes combined with the mapping of tn5 insertion mutations revealed two pilus cistrons, pila and pilb, at positions 46.9 to 48.2 kb and 46.0 to 46.4 kb, respectively. all pilb mutants were dps- (i.e., resistant to donor-specific phages pr4 and prr1), whereas pila mutants were dps- (promoter-proximal mutations), dps+/- (sensitive only to pr4 [more centrally located mutations]), or ... | 1993 | 8093446 |
| hiv-1 integrase blocks infection of bacteria by single-stranded dna and rna bacteriophages. | expression of human immunodeficiency virus-1 integrase in escherichia coli, at levels that had no effect on bacterial cell growth, blocked plaque formation by bacteriophages having single-stranded genomic dna (m13) or rna (r17, q beta, prr1). plaque formation by phages having double-stranded genomic dna (t4, pr4) was unaffected. integrase also inhibited infection by the phagemid m13ko7, but it had no effect on production of phage once infection by m13ko7 was established. this result indicated th ... | 1994 | 8202087 |
| entry of alphaherpesviruses mediated by poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 and poliovirus receptor. | a human member of the immunoglobulin superfamily was shown to mediate entry of several alphaherpesviruses, including herpes simplex viruses (hsv) 1 and 2, porcine pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). this membrane glycoprotein is poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 (prr1), designated here as hvec. incubation of hsv-1 with a secreted form of hvec inhibited subsequent infection of a variety of cell lines, suggesting that hvec interacts directly with the virus. poliovirus r ... | 1998 | 9616127 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d can bind to poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 or herpesvirus entry mediator, two structurally unrelated mediators of virus entry. | several cell membrane proteins have been identified as herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry mediators (hve). hvea (formerly hvem) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, whereas the poliovirus receptor-related proteins 1 and 2 (prr1 and prr2, renamed hvec and hveb) belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. here we show that a truncated form of hvec directly binds to hsv glycoprotein d (gd) in solution and at the surface of virions. this interaction is dependent on the native confor ... | 1998 | 9696799 |
| genetic and sequence analysis of the ptic58 trb locus, encoding a mating-pair formation system related to members of the type iv secretion family. | conjugal transfer of ptic58 requires two regions, tra which contains the orit and several genes involved in dna processing and a region of undefined size and function that is located at the 2-o'clock position of the plasmid. using transposon mutagenesis with tn3hoho1 and a binary transfer system, we delimited this second region, called trb, to an 11-kb interval between the loci for vegetative replication and nopaline catabolism. dna sequence analysis of this region identified 13 significant open ... | 1998 | 9829924 |
| the v domain of herpesvirus ig-like receptor (higr) contains a major functional region in herpes simplex virus-1 entry into cells and interacts physically with the viral glycoprotein d. | the herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec), previously known as poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 (prr1), and the herpesvirus ig-like receptor (higr) are the bona fide receptors employed by herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 (hsv-1 and -2) for entry into the human cell lines most frequently used in hsv studies. they share an identical ectodomain made of one v and two c2 domains and differ in transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. expression of their mrna in the human nervous system suggests possible ... | 1998 | 9861033 |
| nectin/prr: an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule recruited to cadherin-based adherens junctions through interaction with afadin, a pdz domain-containing protein. | we have isolated a novel actin filament-binding protein, named afadin, localized at cadherin-based cell-cell adherens junctions (ajs) in various tissues and cell lines. afadin has one pdz domain, three proline-rich regions, and one actin filament-binding domain. we found here that afadin directly interacted with a family of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which was isolated originally as the poliovirus receptor-related protein (prr) family consisting of prr1 and -2, and has been identified recen ... | 1999 | 10225955 |
| a fission yeast gene (prr1(+)) that encodes a response regulator implicated in oxidative stress response. | an inspection of the schizosaccharomyces pombe genome database revealed that this eukaryotic microorganism possesses a gene that may encode a bacterial type of histidine-to-aspartate (his-asp) phosphorelay component, namely, a response regulator. the predicted gene, named prr1(+) (s. pombe response regulator), encodes a protein that contains a typical phospho-accepting receiver domain, preceded by a mammalian heat shock factor (hsf)-like dna-binding domain. inactivation of this prr1(+) gene resu ... | 1999 | 10348908 |
| the first immunoglobulin-like domain of hvec is sufficient to bind herpes simplex virus gd with full affinity, while the third domain is involved in oligomerization of hvec. | the human herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec/prr1) is a member of the immunoglobulin family used as a cellular receptor by the alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex virus (hsv), pseudorabies virus, and bovine herpesvirus type 1. we previously demonstrated direct binding of the purified hvec ectodomain to purified hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 glycoprotein d (gd). here, using a baculovirus expression system, we constructed and purified truncated forms of the receptor containing one [hvec(143t)], two [ ... | 1999 | 10482562 |
| prr1, a homolog of aspergillus nidulans palf, controls ph-dependent gene expression and filamentation in candida albicans. | the ph of the environment has been implicated in controlling the yeast-hypha transition and pathogenesis of candida albicans. several c. albicans genes, including phr1 and phr2, are ph dependent in their expression. to investigate the mechanism of ph-dependent expression, we have cloned and characterized prr1 (for ph response regulator). prr1 is homologous to palf, a component of the ph response pathway in aspergillus nidulans. expression of prr1 was itself ph dependent, being maximal at acid ph ... | 1999 | 10601209 |
| effect of environmental ph on morphological development of candida albicans is mediated via the pacc-related transcription factor encoded by prr2. | the ability to respond to ambient ph is critical to the growth and virulence of the fungal pathogen candida albicans. this response entails the differential expression of several genes affecting morphogenesis. to investigate the mechanism of ph-dependent gene expression, the c. albicans homolog of pacc, designated prr2 (for ph response regulator), was identified and cloned. pacc encodes a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that mediates ph-dependent gene expression in aspergillus nidula ... | 1999 | 10601210 |
| cell-to-cell spread of wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1, but not of syncytial strains, is mediated by the immunoglobulin-like receptors that mediate virion entry, nectin1 (prr1/hvec/higr) and nectin2 (prr2/hveb). | the immunoglobulin-like receptors that mediate entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) into human cells were found to mediate the direct cell-to-cell spread of wild-type virus. the receptors here designated nectin1alpha and -delta and nectin2alpha were originally designated higr, prr1/hvec, and prr2alpha/hveb, respectively. we report the following. (i) wild-type hsv-1 spreads from cell to cell in j cells expressing nectin1alpha or nectin1delta but not in parental j cells that are devoid of ... | 2000 | 10729168 |
| the murine homolog of human nectin1delta serves as a species nonspecific mediator for entry of human and animal alpha herpesviruses in a pathway independent of a detectable binding to gd. | the full-length cdna of the murine homolog of human nectin1delta (mnectin1delta), also known as human poliovirus receptor related 1 (prr1) or herpesvirus entry mediator c, was cloned and showed a >90% identity with its human counterpart. mnectin1delta is expressed in some murine cell lines, exemplified by nih 3t3 and l cells, and in murine tissues. it mediates entry of an extended range of herpes simplex virus (hsv) strains, porcine pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1. a soluble f ... | 2000 | 10781093 |
| spy1, a histidine-containing phosphotransfer signaling protein, regulates the fission yeast cell cycle through the mcs4 response regulator. | common histidine-to-aspartate (his-to-asp) phosphorelay signaling systems involve three types of signaling components: a sensor his kinase, a response regulator, and a histidine-containing phosphotransfer (hpt) protein. in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe, two response regulators, mcs4 and prr1, have been identified recently, and it was shown that they are involved in the signal transduction implicated in stress responses. furthermore, mcs4 appears to be involved in mitotic cell-cycle ... | 2000 | 10940030 |
| the novel receptors that mediate the entry of herpes simplex viruses and animal alphaherpesviruses into cells. | an extended array of cell surface molecules serve as receptors for hsv entry into cells. in addition to the heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycans, which mediate the attachment of virion to cells, hsv requires an entry receptor. the repertoire of entry receptors into human cells includes molecules from three structurally unrelated molecular families. they are (i) hvea (herpesvirus entry mediator a), (ii) members of the nectin family, (iii) 3-o-sulphated heparan sulphate. the molecules have differen ... | 2000 | 11015742 |
| localization of a binding site for herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d on herpesvirus entry mediator c by using antireceptor monoclonal antibodies. | the human herpesvirus entry mediator c (hvec), also known as the poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 (prr1) and as nectin-1, allows the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 into mammalian cells. the interaction of virus envelope glycoprotein d (gd) with such a receptor is an essential step in the process leading to membrane fusion. hvec is a member of the immunoglobulin (ig) superfamily and contains three ig-like domains in its extracellular portion. the gd binding site is lo ... | 2000 | 11069980 |
| striking similarity of murine nectin-1alpha to human nectin-1alpha (hvec) in sequence and activity as a glycoprotein d receptor for alphaherpesvirus entry. | a cdna encoding the murine homolog of human nectin-1alpha (also known as poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 [prr1] and herpesvirus entry protein c [hvec]) was isolated. the protein encoded by this cdna proved to be 95% identical in sequence to the human protein and to have similar herpesvirus entry activity. upon expression of the murine cdna in hamster cells resistant to alphaherpesvirus entry, the cells became susceptible to the entry of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2), ps ... | 2000 | 11090177 |
| the prr1 response regulator is essential for transcription of ste11+ and for sexual development in fission yeast. | schizosaccharomyces pombe expresses a putative transcription factor, named prr1, which is intriguing in the sense that it contains a bacterial type of phospho-accepting receiver domain, preceded by a mammalian heat shock factor (hsf2)-like dna-binding domain. the receiver domain is most probably involved in an as yet unidentified histidine-to-aspartate (his-to-asp) phosphorelay pathway in s. pombe. in this study, the structure, function, and cellular localization of prr1 were assessed in the con ... | 2000 | 11129048 |
| comparison of murine and human nectin1 binding to herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d (gd) reveals a weak interaction of murine nectin1 to gd and a gd-dependent pathway of entry. | the murine nectin1alpha (mnectin1alpha), a homolog of human nectin1alpha (hnectin1alpha, or prr1, hvec), mediates the entry of herpes simplex virus (hsv) into cells. previously, we reported that the binding of hnectin1 to hsv glycoprotein d (gd) was readily detectable, whereas the binding of mnectin1 to gd was not detectable, thus raising the question whether mnectin1 mediates a gd-dependent or a gd-independent pathway of entry. here we report comparative binding studies of murine- and human-nec ... | 2001 | 11289808 |
| identification of novel pheromone-response regulators through systematic overexpression of 120 protein kinases in yeast. | protein kinases are well known to transmit and regulate signaling pathways. to identify additional regulators of the pheromone signaling apparatus in yeast, we evaluated an array of 120 likely protein kinases encoded by the yeast genome. each kinase was fused to glutathione s-transferase, overexpressed, and tested for changes in pheromone responsiveness in vivo. as expected, several known components of the pathway (yck1, ste7, ste11, fus3, and kss1) impaired the growth arrest response. seven oth ... | 2001 | 11337509 |
| novel, soluble isoform of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) receptor nectin1 (or prr1-higr-hvec) modulates positively and negatively susceptibility to hsv infection. | a novel member of the nectin family, nectin1gamma, was molecularly cloned. the cdna has the same ectodomain as nectin1alpha and nectin1beta, the two known transmembrane isoforms that serve as receptors for herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry into human cell lines (nectin1alpha and nectin1beta, also called prr1-hvec and higr, respectively). the 1.4-kb transcript, which originated by alternative splicing, is expressed in human cell lines, and appears to have a narrow distribution in human tissues. th ... | 2001 | 11356977 |
| the poliovirus receptor cd155 mediates cell-to-matrix contacts by specifically binding to vitronectin. | the human receptor for poliovirus (cd155) is an immunoglobulin-like molecule with unknown normal function(s). here we provide evidence that cd155 binds specifically to vitronectin with a dissociation constant (k(d)) of 72 nm as determined by surface plasmon resonance. based on sequence homology to the cd155 gene, three poliovirus receptor-related genes (prr1, prr2, and prr3) were cloned recently. prr proteins were reported by others to mediate homophilic cell adhesion. neither prr1 nor prr2 bind ... | 2001 | 11437656 |
| use of chimeric nectin-1(hvec)-related receptors to demonstrate that ability to bind alphaherpesvirus gd is not necessarily sufficient for viral entry. | human nectin-1 (hvec, prr1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and a receptor for the entry of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), binds to viral gd. for hsv-1, hsv-2, and prv, the gd-binding region of nectin-1 has been localized to the n-terminal v-like domain. to determine whether the two c-like domains of nectin-1 influenced gd binding and entry activity, genes encoding chimeric proteins were constructed. portions ... | 2001 | 11437670 |
| transcription from the gene encoding the herpesvirus entry receptor nectin-1 (hvec) in nervous tissue of adult mouse. | both human and murine forms of nectin-1 (hvec, prr1) can serve as entry receptors for several neurotropic herpesviruses, including herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), porcine pseudorabies virus (prv), and bovine herpesvirus 1. hsv-1, hsv-2, and prv can cause lethal neurological disease in mice whether inoculation is directly into the central nervous system or by peripheral routes. expression of nectin-1 transcripts in cells of the adult mouse nervous system was assessed by in situ hyb ... | 2001 | 11531408 |
| nectin4/prr4, a new afadin-associated member of the nectin family that trans-interacts with nectin1/prr1 through v domain interaction. | nectins are adhesion molecules that participate in the organization of epithelial and endothelial junctions and serve as receptors for herpes simplex virus entry. they belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily, are homologues of the poliovirus receptor (pvr/cd155), and were also named poliovirus receptor-related (prr) proteins. we identify a new member of the nectin family named nectin4. peptide sequences of human and murine nectin4 share 92% identity, and as for other members, the ectodomain is ... | 2001 | 11544254 |
| genetic analysis of the his-to-asp phosphorelay implicated in mitotic cell cycle control: involvement of histidine-kinase genes of schizosaccharomyces pombe. | common histidine-to-aspartate (his-to-asp) phosphorelay signaling systems involve three types of signaling components: a sensor his-kinase, a response regulator, and a histidine-containing phosphotransfer (hpt) protein. in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe, two response regulators, mcs4 and prr1, have been identified, and it was shown that they are involved in signal transduction in stress responses. furthermore, mcs4 and prr1 appear to be involved in mitotic cell-cycle control and mei ... | 2001 | 11758939 |
| spontaneous second-site suppressors of the filamentation defect of prr1delta mutants define a critical domain of rim101p in candida albicans. | in response to changes in ambient ph the opportunistic pathogen candida albicans differentially expresses a number of genes. the response to ph affects morphological differentiation and virulence. the pathway controlling the ph response terminates in the zinc-finger containing transcription factor encoded by rim101/prr2. by analogy to the ph response pathway of aspergillus nidulans, prr1 of c. albicans encodes a protein that is presumably required to convert rim101p from an inactive to an active ... | 2001 | 11810234 |
| characterization of cu, zn-superoxide dismutase-deficient mutant of fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. | a cu, zn-superoxide dismutase gene ( sod1+) deletion mutant of fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe was constructed and its properties were investigated. superoxide dismutase activity was not detected in the mutant on activity staining of polyacrylamide gels. the mutant showed cysteine or methionine and lysine auxotrophy, slow growth and sensitivity to menadione. while expression of the apt1+ gene, induction of which depends on the pap1 transcription factor, was induced at the same concentrat ... | 2002 | 12073089 |
| role of fission yeast tup1-like repressors and prr1 transcription factor in response to salt stress. | in schizosaccharomyces pombe, the sty1 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the atf1 transcription factor control transcriptional induction in response to elevated salt concentrations. herein, we demonstrate that two repressors, tup11 and tup12, and the prr1 transcription factor also function in the response to salt shock. we find that deletion of both tup genes together results in hypersensitivity to elevated cation concentrations (k(+) and ca(2+)) and we identify cta3(+), which encodes an intr ... | 2002 | 12221110 |
| host range of poliovirus is restricted to simians because of a rapid sequence change of the poliovirus receptor gene during evolution. | the host range of most poliovirus (pv) strains is restricted to simians. this host range specificity is believed to be determined by the interaction between pv and its receptor molecule. to elucidate the molecular basis of this species-specific infection of pv, we cloned orthologs of the pv receptor (pvr) gene ( pvr) as well as those of pv receptor-related genes 1 and 2 ( prr1 and prr2) from various mammalian species. these three genes are widely present in mammalian genomes including those of n ... | 2003 | 12536294 |
| molecular diversity of male sterility inducing and male-fertile cytoplasms in the genus helianthus. | the organisation of mtdna was investigated for 28 sources of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) and a fertile line (normal cytoplasm) of helianthus annuus by southern hybridisation. in addition to nine known mitochondrial genes ( atp6, atp9, cob, coxi, coxii, coxiii, 18s, 5s and nd5) three probes for the open reading frames in the rearranged area of pet1, orfh522, orfh708 and orfh873, were used. genetic similarities of the investigat-ed cytoplasms varied between 0.3 and 1. cluster analyses using t ... | 2002 | 12582659 |
| his-to-asp phosphorelay circuitry for regulation of sexual development in schizosaccharomyces pombe. | the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe has three histidine kinases (phk1/mak2, phk2/mak3, and phk3/mak1), and two response regulators (mcs4 and prr1). the results of recent extensive studies on the s. pombe his-to-asp phosphorelay circuitry suggested that it is involved in oxidative stress responses through the transcriptional regulation of several scavenger genes for toxic free radicals. the functions of these histidine kinases have not yet been fully characterized. here we characterize a ... | 2002 | 12596864 |
| characterization of the prr1 response regulator with special reference to sexual development in schizosaccharomyces pombe. | the histidine (his)-to-aspartate (asp) phosphorelay is a paradigm of intracellular signaling systems through protein phosphorylation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe has three histidine kinases (phk1/mak2, phk2/mak3, and phk3/mak1), together with two response regulators (mcs4 and prr1). the results of recent extensive studies suggested that these his-to-asp phosphorelay components are involved in oxidative stress responses through the transcriptiona ... | 2003 | 12723602 |
| cellular localization of nectin-1 and glycoprotein d during herpes simplex virus infection. | during viral entry, herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d (gd) interacts with a specific cellular receptor such as nectin-1 (prr1/hvec/cd111) or the herpesvirus entry mediator a (hvem/hvea). nectin-1 is involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. it is located at adherens junctions, where it bridges cells through homophilic or heterophilic interactions with other nectins. binding of hsv gd prevents nectin-1-mediated cell aggregation. since hsv gd affects the natural function of nectin-1, we further i ... | 2003 | 12885915 |
| overlapping and distinct roles of prr7 and prr9 in the arabidopsis circadian clock. | the core mechanism of the circadian oscillators described to date rely on transcriptional negative feedback loops with a delay between the negative and the positive components . in plants, the first suggested regulatory loop involves the transcription factors circadian clock-associated 1 (cca1) and late elongated hypocotyl (lhy) and the pseudo-response regulator timing of cab expression 1 (toc1/prr1). toc1 is a member of the arabidopsis circadian-regulated prr gene family . analysis of single an ... | 2005 | 15649364 |
| the arabidopsis pseudo-response regulators, prr5 and prr7, coordinately play essential roles for circadian clock function. | in arabidopsis thaliana, a number of clock-associated protein factors have been identified. among them, toc1 (timing of cab expression 1) is believed to be a component of the central oscillator. toc1 is a member of a small family of proteins, designated as arabidopsis pseudo-response regulator, including prr1/toc1, prr3, prr5, prr7 and prr9. it has not been certain whether or not other prr family members are also implicated in clock function per se. to clarify this problem, here we constructed a ... | 2005 | 15695441 |
| pseudo-response regulator 7 and 9 are partially redundant genes essential for the temperature responsiveness of the arabidopsis circadian clock. | environmental time cues, such as photocycles (light/dark) and thermocycles (warm/cold), synchronize (entrain) endogenous biological clocks to local time. although much is known about entrainment of the arabidopsis thaliana clock to photocycles, the determinants of thermoperception and entrainment to thermocycles are not known. the arabidopsis pseudo-response regulator (prr) genes, including the clock component timing of cab expression 1/prr1, are related to bacterial, fungal, and plant response ... | 2005 | 15705949 |
| prr5 (pseudo-response regulator 5) plays antagonistic roles to cca1 (circadian clock-associated 1) in arabidopsis thaliana. | in general, the clock (or oscillator) is central to circadian rhythms in many organisms. in the model higher plant arabidopsis thaliana, the best candidates for clock components are cca1 (circadian clock-associated 1) and lhy (late elongated hypocotyl), which are homologous myb-related transcription factors. it is also believed that toc1 (timing of cab expression 1) is another component of the central oscillator. in this connection, we have been characterizing a small family of proteins, designa ... | 2005 | 15725674 |
| pseudo-response regulators, prr9, prr7 and prr5, together play essential roles close to the circadian clock of arabidopsis thaliana. | in arabidopsis thaliana, a number of clock-associated protein components have been identified. among them, cca1 (circadian clock-associated 1)/lhy (late elongated hypocotyl) and toc1 (timing of cab expression 1) are believed to be the essential components of the central oscillator. cca1 and lhy are homologous and partially redundant myb-related dna-binding proteins, whereas toc1 is a member of a small family of proteins, designated as pseudo-response regulator. it is also believed that these two ... | 2005 | 15767265 |
| expression of poliovirus receptor-related proteins prr1 and prr2 in acute myeloid leukemia: first report of surface marker analysis, contribution to diagnosis, prognosis and implications for future therapeutical strategies. | poliovirus receptor-related (prr) proteins belong to the nectin-adhesion molecules' group, are expressed on endothelial cells and on cd34(+) stem cells and mediate the organization of endothelial and epithelial junctions. there is evidence to suggest, that those receptors could have a role in leukemia. we have studied the expression of prr molecules prr1 and prr2 on mononuclear bone marrow (bm) cells of 55 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (aml) at first diagnosis by facs-analysis using direc ... | 2005 | 16313259 |
| wide-host-range plasmids function in the genus thiobacillus. | plasmids s-a, rp4, r388, and several rp4 derivatives (pmd101, pdt387, and pdt566) were transmissible by conjugation to thiobacillus novellus from escherichia coli. genetic markers were expressed in t. novellus, with the exception of chloramphenicol resistance and ampicillin resistance. plasmids were not transmissible by conjugation from e. coli donors to thiobacillus intermedius, t. perometabolis, t. neapolitanus, or t. acidophilus recipients, although they could be mated into these strains from ... | 1983 | 16346383 |
| the arabidopsis spa1 gene is required for circadian clock function and photoperiodic flowering. | arabidopsis phytochrome a (phya) regulates not only seed germination and seedling de-etiolation but also circadian rhythms and flowering time in adult plants. the suppressor of phya-105 (spa1) acts as a negative regulator of phya-mediated de-etiolation of young seedlings, but its roles in adult plants have not yet been described. here, we show that spa1 is involved in regulating circadian rhythms and flowering time in plants. under constant light, the abundance of spa1 protein exhibited circadia ... | 2006 | 16709190 |
| complete genome sequence of the broad host range single-stranded rna phage prr1 places it in the levivirus genus with characteristics shared with alloleviviruses. | single-stranded rna (ssrna) bacteriophages of the family leviviridae infect gram-negative bacteria. they are restricted to a single host genus. phage prr1 is an exception, having a broad host range due to the promiscuity of the receptor encoded by the incp plasmid. here we report the complete genome sequence of prr1. three proteins homologous with those of other ssrna phages, i.e., maturation, coat, and replicase proteins, were identified. a fourth protein has a lysis function. comparison of prr ... | 2006 | 16940544 |
| characterization of circadian-associated pseudo-response regulators: ii. the function of prr5 and its molecular dissection in arabidopsis thaliana. | together with prr1/toc1, prr5 belongs to the small family of pseudo-response regulators (prrs), which function as clock components of arabidopsis thaliana. we employed a set of transgenic lines, each of which was designed to misexpress a truncated form of the prr5 molecule, together with the original transgenic line (named prr5-ox) that misexpresses the entire prr5 polypeptide. the results of genetic analysis suggested that prr5-ox seedlings showed a phenotype of hypersensitivity to red light du ... | 2007 | 17284847 |
| characterization of circadian-associated pseudo-response regulators: i. comparative studies on a series of transgenic lines misexpressing five distinctive prr genes in arabidopsis thaliana. | every member of a small family of pseudo-response regulator (prr) genes, including timing of cab expression 1 (toc1 [or prr1]), are believed to play roles close to the circadian clock in the model higher plant arabidopsis thaliana. in this study we established a transgenic line that misexpresses (or overexpresses) the prr7 gene. as compared with wild-type plants, the resulting prr7-misexpressing plants (designated prr7-ox) showed characteristic phenotypes as to hallmarked circadian-associated bi ... | 2007 | 17284849 |
| mutants of circadian-associated prr genes display a novel and visible phenotype as to light responses during de-etiolation of arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. | in arabidopsis thaliana, it is currently accepted that certain mutants with lesions in clock-associated genes commonly display hallmarked phenotypes with regard to three characteristic biological events: (i) altered rhythmic expression of circadian-controlled genes, (ii) changes in flowering time, and (iii) altered sensitivity to red light in elongation of hypocotyls. during the course of examination of the clock-associated mutants of pseudo-response regulators, prrs, including toc1 (prr1), we f ... | 2007 | 17341813 |
| characterization of the rice circadian clock-associated pseudo-response regulators in arabidopsis thaliana. | members of the small family of arabidopsis pseudo-response regulators (prr1/toc1, prr3, prr5, prr7, and prr9) play roles close to the circadian clock in arabidopsis thaliana. we have reported that the rice (oryza sativa) genome also encodes a set of prr counterparts (designated osprr1, osprr37, osprr59, osprr73, and osprr95 respectively). to gain new insight into the molecular functions of osprrs, we carried out genetic complementation analyses by introducing two representative rice genes, osprr ... | 2007 | 17420570 |
| genetic linkages between circadian clock-associated components and phytochrome-dependent red light signal transduction in arabidopsis thaliana. | the current best candidates for arabidopsis thaliana clock components are cca1 (circadian clock-associated 1) and its homolog lhy (late elongated hypocotyl). in addition, five members of a small family, pseudo-response regulators (including prr1, prr3, prr5, prr7 and prr9), are believed to be another type of clock component. the originally described member of prrs is toc1 (or prr1) (timing of cab expression 1). interestingly, seedlings of a. thaliana carrying a certain lesion (i.e. loss-of-funct ... | 2007 | 17519251 |
| response regulators srra and sska are central components of a phosphorelay system involved in stress signal transduction and asexual sporulation in aspergillus nidulans. | among eukaryotes, only slime molds, fungi, and plants contain signal transduction phosphorelay systems. in filamentous fungi, multiple sensor kinases appear to use a single histidine-containing phosphotransfer (hpt) protein to relay signals to two response regulators (rr). in aspergillus nidulans, the rr sska mediates activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase saka in response to osmotic and oxidative stress, whereas the functions of the rr srra were unknown. we used a genetic approach t ... | 2007 | 17630329 |
| prr7 protein levels are regulated by light and the circadian clock in arabidopsis. | interlocking transcriptional loops and regulated protein degradation are the principal mechanisms involved in the generation of self-sustaining circadian rhythms in many organisms. in arabidopsis the first proposed regulatory transcriptional loop involved the transcription factors circadian clock associated (cca1) and late elongated hypocotyl (lhy) and the pseudo-response regulator timing of chlorophyll a/b binding protein (toc1/prr1). recent findings indicate that the toc1 homologues prr7 and p ... | 2007 | 17877705 |
| global transcriptional responses of pseudomonas aeruginosa to phage prr1 infection. | the infectious cycles of viruses are known to cause dramatic changes to host cell function. the development of microarray technology has provided means to monitor host cell responses to viral infection at the level of global changes in mrna levels. we have applied this methodology to investigate gene expression changes caused by a small, icosahedral, single-stranded-rna phage, prr1 (a member of the leviviridae family), on its host, pseudomonas aeruginosa, at different times during its growth cyc ... | 2008 | 18077716 |
| insight into missing genetic links between two evening-expressed pseudo-response regulator genes toc1 and prr5 in the circadian clock-controlled circuitry in arabidopsis thaliana. | in arabidopsis thaliana, many circadian clock-associated genes have been identified. among them, the evening-expressed toc1 (timing of cab expression 1) gene plays a role by forming a transcriptional feedback core loop together with the morning-expressed cca1 (circadian clock-associated 1) gene and its homologous lhy (late elongated hypocotyl) gene. toc1 encodes a member of the pseudo-response regulator (prr) family, including prr9, prr7, prr5, prr3,and prr1/toc1. the prr genes other than toc1 ( ... | 2008 | 18178585 |
| post-translational regulation of the arabidopsis circadian clock through selective proteolysis and phosphorylation of pseudo-response regulator proteins. | the circadian clock controls the period, phasing, and amplitude of processes that oscillate with a near 24-h rhythm. one core group of clock components in arabidopsis that controls the pace of the central oscillator is comprised of five prr (pseudo-response regulator) proteins whose biochemical function in the clock remains unclear. peak expression of toc1 (timing of cab expression 1)/prr1, prr3, prr5, prr7, and prr9 are each phased differently over the course of the day and loss of any prr prot ... | 2008 | 18562312 |
| the capsid of the small rna phage prr1 is stabilized by metal ions. | many nonenveloped virus particles are stabilized by calcium ions bound in the interfaces between the protein subunits. these ions may have a role in the disassembly process. the small rna phages of the leviviridae family have t=3 quasi-symmetry and are unique among simple viruses in that they have a coat protein with a translational repressor activity and a fold that has not been observed in other viruses. the crystal structure of phage prr1 has been determined to 3.5 a resolution. the structure ... | 2008 | 18786545 |
| involvement of arabidopsis clock-associated pseudo-response regulators in diurnal oscillations of gene expression in the presence of environmental time cues. | in plants, the circadian clock is implicated in the biological system that generates diurnal oscillations in cellular and physiological activities. the circadian clock must be synchronized (or entrained) to local time by environmental time cues, such as light/dark and/or hot/cold cycles. in arabidopsis thaliana, although a number of clock-associated components have been uncovered over the last decade, the clock-associated elements that are involved in entrainment to environmental time cues are l ... | 2008 | 19015137 |
| linkage between circadian clock and tricarboxylic acid cycle in arabidopsis. | the transcriptional/translational feedback loop is thought to play a central role in the circadian clock in arabidopsis. the loop includes close paralogs of myb transcription factors circadian clock associated 1 (cca1) and late elongated hypocotyl (lhy), timing of cab expression 1 (toc1, pseudo response regulator 1[prr1]), prr9, prr7 and prr5. the prr9 prr7 prr5 triple mutants (d975) and overexpression line of cca1 (cca1-ox) are arrhythmic under continuous light conditions followed by light and ... | 2009 | 19820331 |
| the role of casein kinase ii in flowering time regulation has diversified during evolution. | casein kinase ii (ck2) is a protein kinase with an evolutionarily conserved function as a circadian clock component in several organisms, including the long-day plant arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). the circadian clock component circadian clock associated1 (cca1) is a ck2 target in arabidopsis, where it influences photoperiodic flowering. in rice (oryza sativa), a short-day plant, heading date6 (hd6) encodes a ck2alpha subunit that delays flowering time under long-day conditions. here, we de ... | 2010 | 20007447 |
| pseudo-response regulators 9, 7, and 5 are transcriptional repressors in the arabidopsis circadian clock. | an interlocking transcriptional-translational feedback loop of clock-associated genes is thought to be the central oscillator of the circadian clock in plants. timing of cab expression1 (also called pseudo-response regulator1 [prr1]) and two myb transcription factors, circadian clock associated1 (cca1) and late elongated hypocotyl (lhy), play pivotal roles in the loop. genetic studies have suggested that prr9, prr7, and prr5 also act within or close to the loop; however, their molecular function ... | 2010 | 20233950 |
| prr5 regulates phosphorylation, nuclear import and subnuclear localization of toc1 in the arabidopsis circadian clock. | many core oscillator components of the circadian clock are nuclear localized but how the phase and rate of their entry contribute to clock function is unknown. toc1/prr1, a pseudoresponse regulator (prr) protein, is a central element in one of the feedback loops of the arabidopsis clock, but how it functions is unknown. both toc1 and a closely related protein, prr5, are nuclear localized, expressed in the same phase, and shorten period when deficient, but their molecular relationship is unclear. ... | 2010 | 20407420 |
| two-component mediated peroxide sensing and signal transduction in fission yeast. | two-component related proteins play a major role in regulating the oxidative stress response in the fission yeast, schizosaccharomyces pombe. for example, the peroxide-sensing mak2 and mak3 histidine kinases regulate h(2)o(2)-induced activation of the sty1 stress-activated protein kinase pathway, and the skn7-related response regulator transcription factor, prr1, is essential for activation of the core oxidative stress response genes. here, we investigate the mechanism by which the s. pombe two- ... | 2011 | 20919928 |
| chronological lifespan extension by ecl1 family proteins depends on prr1 response regulator in fission yeast. | ecl1 (+) , ecl2(+) and ecl3(+) genes encode highly homologous small proteins, and their over-expressions confer both h(2) o(2) stress resistance and chronological lifespan extension on schizosaccharomyces pombe. however, the mechanisms of how these ecl1 family proteins function have not been elucidated. in this study, we conducted microarray analysis and identified that the expression of genes involved in sexual development and stress responses was affected by the over-expression of ecl1 fami ... | 2011 | 22212525 |