| the complete nucleotide sequence of tobacco necrosis virus strain d. | the complete sequence of the rna genome of tobacco necrosis virus strain d (tnv-d) consisting of 3759 nucleotides has been determined. the positive strand contains five open reading frames (orfs). the 5'-proximal orf encodes a 22k protein terminating with an amber codon which may be read through to produce a 82k protein (p82). two small centrally located orfs each encode two out-of-frame 7k proteins (p7a and p7b). the 3'-proximal orf encodes the 29k coat protein (cp), the n terminus of which has ... | 1991 | 1856691 |
| ecotilling for the identification of allelic variants of melon eif4e, a factor that controls virus susceptibility. | translation initiation factors of the 4e and 4g protein families mediate resistance to several rna plant viruses in the natural diversity of crops. particularly, a single point mutation in melon eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e (eif4e) controls resistance to melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) in melon. identification of allelic variants within natural populations by ecotilling has become a rapid genotype discovery method. | 2007 | 17584936 |
| mechanism of plant eif4e-mediated resistance against a carmovirus (tombusviridae): cap-independent translation of a viral rna controlled in cis by an (a)virulence determinant. | translation initiation factors are universal determinants of plant susceptibility to rna viruses, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. here, we show that a sequence in the 3' untranslated region (3'-utr) of a viral genome that is responsible for overcoming plant eif4e-mediated resistance (virulence determinant) functions as a 3' cap-independent translational enhancer (3'-cite). the virus/plant pair studied here is melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) and melon, for which a recessive ... | 2008 | 18643998 |
| nicotiana benthamiana resistance to non-adapted melon necrotic spot virus results from an incompatible interaction between virus rna and translation initiation factor 4e. | nicotiana benthamiana has been described as non-host for melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv). we investigated the basis of this resistance using the unique opportunity provided by strain mnsv-264, a recombinant virus that is able to overcome the resistance. analysis of chimeric mnsv mutants showed that virulence in n. benthamiana is conferred by a 49 nucleotide section of the mnsv-264 3'-utr, which acts in this host as a cap-independent translational enhancer (3'-cite). although the 3'-cite of non- ... | 2011 | 21255163 |
| the protruding domain of the coat protein of melon necrotic spot virus is involved in compatibility with and transmission by the fungal vector olpidium bornovanus. | the chi and w strains of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) are efficiently transmitted by isolates y1 and nw1, respectively, of the fungal vector olpidium bornovanus. analysis of chimeric viruses constructed by switching the coat protein (cp) gene between the two strains unveiled the involvement of the cp in the attachment of mnsv to zoospores of a compatible isolate of o. bornovanus and in the fungal transmission of the virus. furthermore, analysis of the chimeric virus based on the chi strain w ... | 2010 | 20381824 |
| the intra- and intercellular movement of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) depends on an active secretory pathway. | plant viruses hijack endogenous host transport machinery to aid their intracellular spread. here, we study the localization of the p7b, the membrane-associated viral movement protein (mp) of the melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv), and also the potential involvement of the secretory pathway on the p7b targeting and intra- and intercellular virus movements. p7b fused to fluorescent proteins was located throughout the endoplasmic reticulum (er) at motile golgi apparatus (ga) stacks that actively trac ... | 2010 | 20121448 |
| a self-interacting carmovirus movement protein plays a role in binding of viral rna during the cell-to-cell movement and shows an actin cytoskeleton dependent location in cell periphery. | the p7a of melon necrotic spot virus has been described to be a rna-binding movement protein essential for cell-to-cell movement but its role in this process is still unknown. here, we found that primary and secondary structure elements on p7a appear to form a composite rna-binding site required for both rna interaction and cell-to-cell movement in plants indicating a direct correlation between these activities. furthermore, we found that fluorescent-tagged p7a was distributed in punctuate struc ... | 2009 | 19796783 |
| induction of necrosis via mitochondrial targeting of melon necrotic spot virus replication protein p29 by its second transmembrane domain. | the virulence factor of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv), a virus that induces systemic necrotic spot disease on melon plants, was investigated. when the replication protein p29 was expressed in n. benthamiana using a cucumber mosaic virus vector, necrotic spots appeared on the leaf tissue. transmission electron microscopy revealed abnormal mitochondrial aggregation in these tissues. fractionation of tissues expressing p29 and confocal imaging using gfp-tagged p29 revealed that p29 associated wi ... | 2009 | 19501870 |
| a new strain of melon necrotic spot virus that is unable to systemically infect cucumis melo. | we report a new strain of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) that is unable to systemically infect cucumis melo. a spherical virus (w-isolate), about 30 nm in diameter like a carmovirus, was isolated from watermelons with necrotic symptoms. the w-isolate had little serological similarity to mnsv, and it did not cause any symptoms in six melon cultivars susceptible to mnsv; however, the host range of the w-isolate was limited exclusively to cucurbitaceous plants, and transmission by o. bornovanus w ... | 2008 | 18943404 |
| interfamilial recombination between viruses led to acquisition of a novel translation-enhancing rna element that allows resistance breaking. | many plant viruses depend on functional rna elements, called 3'-utr cap-independent translation enhancers (3'-cites), for translation of their rnas. in this manuscript we provide direct proof for the existing hypothesis that 3'-cites are modular and transferable by recombination in nature, and that this is associated with an advantage for the created virus. by characterizing a newly identified melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv; tombusviridae) isolate, which is able to overcome eukaryotic translati ... | 2014 | 24372390 |
| high temperatures activate local viral multiplication and cell-to-cell movement of melon necrotic spot virus but restrict expression of systemic symptoms. | the infection of melon plants by melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) and the development of necrotic disease symptoms are a seasonal occurrence in japan, which take place between winter and early summer, but not during mid-summer. in this paper we investigate the effect of three different temperatures (15, 20, and 25 degrees c) on the local and systemic expression of mnsv in melon plants. previously, the incidence of plants expressing systemic symptoms caused by mnsv and other viruses was found to ... | 2008 | 18943194 |
| distribution and pathway for phloem-dependent movement of melon necrotic spot virus in melon plants. | the translocation of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) within tissues of inoculated and systemically infected cucumis melo l. 'galia' was studied by tissue-printing and in situ hybridization techniques. the results were compatible with the phloem vascular components being used to spread mnsv systemically by the same assimilate transport route that runs from source to sink organs. virus rnas were shown to move from the inoculated cotyledon toward the hypocotyl and root system via the external phlo ... | 2008 | 18705860 |
| occurrence and distribution of ten viruses infecting cucurbit plants in guilan province, iran. | during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons, a systematic survey was conducted in open-field of melon (cucumis melo l.), cucumber (c. sativus l.), squash (cucurbita sp.), and watermelon (citrulus lanatus l.) crops in 16 major cucurbit-growing areas of guilan province in iran. symptomatic leaf samples were collected and screened by double-antibody sandwich elisa (das-elisa) or rt-pcr to detect zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv), watermelon mosaic virus (wmv), cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (cab ... | 2008 | 18564898 |
| the structure of melon necrotic spot virus determined at 2.8 a resolution. | the structure of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) was determined at 2.8 a resolution. although mnsv is classified into the genus carmovirus of the family tombusviridae, the three-dimensional structure of mnsv showed a higher degree of similarity to tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv), which belongs to the genus tombusvirus, than to carnation mottle virus (cmtv), turnip crinkle virus (tcv) or cowpea mottle virus (cpmtv) from the genus carmovirus. thus, the classification of the family tombusviridae a ... | 2008 | 18097092 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of melon phloem exudates in response to viral infection. | phloem vasculature is the route that most plant viruses use to spread widely around the plant. in addition, phloem sap transports signals that trigger systemic defense responses to infection. we investigated the proteome-level changes that occur in phloem sap during virus infection using the 2d-dige technique. total proteins were extracted from phloem exudates of healthy and melon necrotic spot virus infected melon plants and analyzed by 2d-dige. a total of 1046 spots were detected but only 25 h ... | 2015 | 25892132 |
| structure of two melon regions reveals high microsynteny with sequenced plant species. | in this study, two melon bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones have been sequenced and annotated. bac 1-21-10 spans 92 kb and contains the nsv locus conferring resistance to the melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) in melon linkage group 11. bac 13j4 spans 98 kb and belongs to a bac contig containing resistance gene homologues, extending a previous sequenced region of 117 kb in linkage group 4. both regions have microsyntenic relationships to the model plant species arabidopsis thaliana, and ... | 2007 | 17665215 |
| membrane insertion and topology of the p7b movement protein of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv). | cell-to-cell movement of the melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) is controlled by two small proteins working in trans, an rna-binding protein (p7a) and an integral membrane protein (p7b) separated by an amber stop codon. p7b contains a single hydrophobic region. membrane integration of this region was observed when inserted into model proteins in the presence of microsomal membranes. furthermore, we explored the topology and targeting mechanisms of full-length p7b. here we present evidence that p7b ... | 2007 | 17610929 |
| an eif4e allele confers resistance to an uncapped and non-polyadenylated rna virus in melon. | the characterization of natural recessive resistance genes and virus-resistant mutants of arabidopsis have implicated translation initiation factors of the 4e family [eif4e and eif(iso)4e] as susceptibility factors required for virus multiplication and resistance expression. to date, viruses controlled by these genes mainly belong to the family potyviridae. melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) belongs to the family tombusviridae (genus carmovirus) and is an uncapped and non-polyadenylated rna virus. ... | 2006 | 17026540 |
| rna-binding properties and membrane insertion of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) double gene block movement proteins. | advances in structural and biochemical properties of carmovirus movement proteins (mps) have only been obtained in p7 and p9 from carnation mottle virus (carmv). alignment of carmovirus mps revealed a low conservation of amino acid identity but interestingly, similarity was elevated in regions associated with the functional secondary structure elements reported for carmv which were conserved in all studied proteins. nevertheless, some differential features in relation with carmv mps were identif ... | 2006 | 16950492 |
| large-scale codon de-optimisation of the p29 replicase gene by synonymous substitutions causes a loss of infectivity of melon necrotic spot virus. | the effect of synonymous substitutions in the melon necrotic spot virus p29 replicase gene on viral pathogenicity was investigated. the codons in the p29 gene were replaced by the least frequently used synonymous codons in arabidopsis thaliana or melons. mechanical inoculation of melon with p29 variants resulted in a loss of viral infectivity when all, one-half, or one-quarter of the gene was de-optimised. the effect of the de-optimisation in one-sixth of the gene was different depending on the ... | 2013 | 23553455 |
| functional analysis of the five melon necrotic spot virus genome-encoded proteins. | function of the melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) genome-encoded proteins (p29, p89, p7a, p7b and p42) has been studied. protein-expression mutants of an infectious, full-length cdna clone of a spanish mnsv-al isolate and a recombinant green fluorescent protein (gfp)-expressing virus were used in infection bioassays on melon plants. results revealed that p29 and p89 are both essential for virus replication, whereas small proteins p7a and p7b are sufficient to support viral movement between adjace ... | 2006 | 16847133 |
| a physical map covering the nsv locus that confers resistance to melon necrotic spot virus in melon (cucumis melo l.). | melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) is a member of the genus carmovirus, which produces severe yield losses in melon and cucumber crops. the nsv gene is the only known natural source of resistance against mnsv in melon, and confers protection against all widespread strains of this virus. nsv has been previously mapped in melon linkage group 11, in a region spanning 5.9 cm, saturated with rapd and aflp markers. to identify the nsv gene by positional cloning, we started construction of a high-resolut ... | 2005 | 16052354 |
| molecular characterization of a melon necrotic spot virus strain that overcomes the resistance in melon and nonhost plants. | resistance of melon (cucumis melo l.) to melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) is inherited as a single recessive gene, denoted nsv. no mnsv isolates described to date (e.g., mnsv-malpha5), except for the mnsv-264 strain described here, are able to overcome the resistance conferred by nsv. analysis of protoplasts of susceptible (nsv/-) and resistant (nsv/nsv) melon cultivars inoculated with mnsv-264 or mnsv-malpha5 indicated that the resistance trait conferred by this gene is expressed at the single- ... | 2004 | 15195949 |
| detection of melon necrotic spot virus in water samples and melon plants by molecular methods. | melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) is a water and soil-borne pathogen affecting species of the cucurbitaceae family both in hydroponic and soil crops. molecular methods for detecting mnsv in water samples, nutrient solutions and melon plants were developed. for this purpose, water samples from a water source pool of a hydroponic culture or from the recirculating nutrient solution were concentrated by ultracentrifugation or peg precipitation followed by rt-pcr analysis. both concentration methods w ... | 2003 | 14553894 |
| nucleotide sequence and infectious transcripts from a full-length cdna clone of the carmovirus melon necrotic spot virus. | we have studied the biological and molecular characteristics of a mnsv isolate collected in spain (mnsv-malpha5) and generated a full-length cdna clone from which infectious rna transcripts can be produced. the host range of mnsv-malpha5 appeared to be limited to cucurbits and did not differ from that of mnsv-dutch [4, 21]. however, differences were observed in the type of symptoms that both isolates could induce. a full-length cdna of mnsv-malpha5 was directly amplified by reverse-transcription ... | 2003 | 12607110 |
| comparative study on genomes of two japanese melon necrotic spot virus isolates. | nucleotide sequences of the genomes of two japanese melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) isolates, nh and nk were determined. the open reading frames (orfs) in both genomes encode five proteins: p29 (the pre-readthrough domain of p89), p89 (the readthrough domain of p89 identified as the putative rna-dependent rna polymerase), p14 (the pre-readthrough domain of p7a), p7a (the putative movement protein), and p42 (coat protein, cp). nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of the five proteins of ... | 2000 | 11332272 |
| molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of galinsoga mosaic virus genomic rna. | the complete genomic sequence of galinsoga mosaic virus (gamv) was determined. the genome consists of 3,803 nucleotides and has five open reading frames (orfs). the 5' orf (orf 1) encodes a protein with predicted molecular mass of 23 kda and readthrough of its amber stop codon probably yields a 82 kda protein (orf 2). orfs 3 and 4 encode two polypeptides with molecular masses of 8 and 7 kda, respectively. orf 5 encodes the 36 kda capsid protein. amino acid sequence comparisons revealed that the ... | 1998 | 9505975 |
| genome structure of cucumber leaf spot virus: sequence analysis suggests it belongs to a distinct species within the tombusviridae. | the complete nucleotide sequence of cucumber leaf spot virus (clsv) has been determined and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. the genome consists of 4432 nucleotides and contains five long orfs. the 5' proximal orf encodes a 25 kda product that terminates in an amber codon which may be readthrough to produce an 84 kda protein (orf 2). orf 3 codes for the 41 kda coat protein (cp). orfs 4 and 5 are completely overlapping at the 3' terminus and code for 27 and 17 kda prod ... | 1997 | 9453144 |
| nucleotide sequences and expression in escherichia coli of the coat protein genes from two strains of melon necrotic spot virus. | the nucleotide sequences of coat protein (cp) genes of two japanese strains of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv-nh and mnsv-s) were determined. the size of the cp genes of both strains was 1170 nucleotides. comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences among mnsv strains showed more than 95% homology, and those among other carmoviruses showed 31-34% homology. cdnas of mnsv cp genes were cloned into an escherichia coli expression fusion vector and mnsv-nh and mnsv-s cps were successfully produce ... | 1994 | 7980005 |
| coat protein of melon necrotic spot carmovirus is more similar to those of tombusviruses than those of carmoviruses. | complementary dna copies of the genomic rna of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) have been cloned and the region deduced to encode the coat protein has been sequenced. the putative coat protein coding region, located near the 3' end of the genome, consists of 1170 nucleotides and has the potential to encode a 390 amino acid protein of mr 41,840. our data show that although mnsv is a carmovirus, its coat protein more closely resembles those of the tombusviruses than those of the carmoviruses seque ... | 1989 | 2584953 |
| nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of melon necrotic spot virus. | cloned cdna copies of the genomic rna of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) have been sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins have been deduced. the genome consists of at least 4262 nucleotides and the positive strand contains three to five open reading frames (orfs) which may be expressed. the 5' proximal orf encodes a 29k protein (p29) and terminates with an amber codon which may be read through to produce an 89k protein (p89). two small centrally located orfs each enco ... | 1990 | 2212985 |
| contribution of topology determinants of a viral movement protein to its membrane association, intracellular traffic and viral cell-to-cell movement. | the p7b movement protein (mp) of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) is a single-pass membrane protein associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (er), the golgi apparatus (ga) and plasmodesmata (pd). experimental data presented here revealed that the p7b transmembrane domain (tmd) was sufficient to target the green fluorescent protein (gfp) to er membranes. in addition, the short extramembrane regions of p7b were essential for subsequent er export and transport to ga and pd. microsomal partitioning ... | 2011 | 21593169 |
| histochemical visualization of ros and antioxidant response to viral infections of vegetable crops grown in azerbaijan. | extremes of environmental conditions, such as biotic stresses, strongly affect plant growth and development and may adversely affect photosynthetic process. virus infection is especially problematic in crops, because unlike other diseases, its impact cannot be reduced by phytosanitary treatments. the vegetable crops (solanum lycopеrsicum l, cucurbita melo l., cucumis sativus l., piper longum l., solánum melongéna l., vicia faba l.) showing virus-like symptoms were collected from fields located i ... | 2014 | 24661407 |
| transcriptomic profiling of melon necrotic spot virus-infected melon plants revealed virus strain and plant cultivar-specific alterations. | viruses are among the most destructive and difficult to control plant pathogens. melon (cucumis melo l.) has become the model species for the agriculturally important cucurbitaceae family. approaches that take advantage of recently developed genomic tools in melon have been extremely useful for understanding viral pathogenesis and can contribute to the identification of target genes for breeding new resistant cultivars. in this work, we have used a recently described melon microarray for transcr ... | 2016 | 27267368 |
| biological and molecular characterization of a korean isolate of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus infecting cucumis species in korea. | surveys of yellowing viruses in plastic tunnels and in open field crops of melon (cucumis melo cultivar catalupo), oriental melon (c. melo cultivar oriental melon), and cucumber (c. sativus) were carried out in two melon-growing areas in 2014, korea. severe yellowing symptoms on older leaves of melon and chlorotic spots on younger leaves of melon were observed in the plastic tunnels. the symptoms were widespread and included initial chlorotic lesions followed by yellowing of whole leaves and thi ... | 2015 | 26673519 |
| melon rna interference (rnai) lines silenced for cm-eif4e show broad virus resistance. | efficient and sustainable control of plant viruses may be achieved using genetically resistant crop varieties, although resistance genes are not always available for each pathogen; in this regard, the identification of new genes that are able to confer broad-spectrum and durable resistance is highly desirable. recently, the cloning and characterization of recessive resistance genes from different plant species has pointed towards eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eif) of the 4e family a ... | 2012 | 22309030 |
| dissecting the multifunctional role of the n-terminal domain of the melon necrotic spot virus coat protein in rna packaging, viral movement and interference with antiviral plant defence. | the coat protein (cp) of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) is structurally composed of three major domains. the middle s-domain builds a robust protein shell around the viral genome, whereas the c-terminal protruding domain, or p-domain, is involved in the attachment of virions to the transmission vector. here, we have shown that the n-terminal domain, or r-domain, and the arm region, which connects the r-domain and s-domain, are involved in different key steps of the viral cycle, such as cell-to ... | 2016 | 27301648 |
| analysis of the interacting partners eif4f and 3'-cite required for melon necrotic spot virus cap-independent translation. | we have shown previously that the translation of melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv, family tombusviridae, genus carmovirus) rnas is controlled by a 3'-cap-independent translation enhancer (cite), which is genetically and functionally dependent on the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eif) 4e. here, we describe structural and functional analyses of the mnsv-mα5 3'-cite and its translation initiation factor partner. we first mapped the minimal 3'-cite (ma5te) to a 45-nucleotide sequence, whi ... | 2016 | 27145354 |
| characterization of melon necrotic spot virus occurring on watermelon in korea. | melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) was recently identified on watermelon (citrullus vulgaris) in korea, displaying as large necrotic spots and vein necrosis on the leaves and stems. the average occurrence of mnsv on watermelon was found to be 30-65% in hapcheon and andong city, respectively. four isolates of the virus (mnsv-hw, mnsv-aw, mnsv-yw, and mnsv-sw) obtained from watermelon plants in different areas were non-pathogenic on ten general indicator plants, including chenopodium quinoa, while t ... | 2015 | 26673673 |
| complete genome sequence of an emerging melon necrotic spot virus isolate infecting greenhouse cucumber in north america. | the complete genome sequence (4,267 nt) of a melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) isolate (abca13-01) infecting greenhouse cucumber in canada was determined through deep sequencing of small rnas. its genome sequence was most closely related to mnsv-n (97%) but lacked a 55-nucleotide insertion at the 3' untranslated region for resistance breaking. | 2015 | 26184937 |
| comparative analysis among the small rna populations of source, sink and conductive tissues in two different plant-virus pathosystems. | in plants, rna silencing plays a fundamental role as defence mechanism against viruses. during last years deep-sequencing technology has allowed to analyze the srna profile of a large variety of virus-infected tissues. nevertheless, the majority of these studies have been restricted to a unique tissue and no comparative analysis between phloem and source/sink tissues has been conducted. in the present work, we compared the srna populations of source, sink and conductive (phloem) tissues in two d ... | 2015 | 25765188 |
| melon necrotic spot virus replication occurs in association with altered mitochondria. | melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) (genus carmovirus, family tombusviridae) is a single-stranded, positive-sense rna virus that has become an experimental model for the analysis of cell-to-cell virus movement and translation of uncapped viral rnas, whereas little is known about its replication. analysis of the cytopathology after mnsv infection showed the specific presence of modified organelles that resemble mitochondria. immunolocalization of the glycine decarboxylase complex (gdc) p protein in ... | 2015 | 25372121 |
| a model for transport of a viral membrane protein through the early secretory pathway: minimal sequence and endoplasmic reticulum lateral mobility requirements. | viral movement proteins exploit host endomembranes and the cytoskeleton to move within the cell via routes that, in some cases, are dependent on the secretory pathway. for example, melon necrotic spot virus p7b, a type ii transmembrane protein, leaves the endoplasmic reticulum (er) through the copii-dependent golgi pathway to reach the plasmodesmata. here we investigated the sequence requirements and putative mechanisms governing p7b transport through the early secretory pathway. deletion of eit ... | 2014 | 24438546 |
| a new cryptic virus belonging to the family partitiviridae was found in watermelon co-infected with melon necrotic spot virus. | a novel virus was detected in watermelon plants (citrullus lanatus thunb.) infected with melon necrotic spot virus (mnsv) using solid next-generation sequence analysis. in addition to the expected msnv genome, two double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments of 1,312 and 1,118 bp were also identified and sequenced from the purified virus preparations. these two dsrna segments encode two putative partitivirus-related proteins, an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) and a capsid protein, which were sequen ... | 2013 | 23775759 |
| a genetic map of melon (cucumis melo l.) with rflp, rapd, isozyme, disease resistance and morphological markers. | one hundred and ten markers were analysed for linkage in 218 f2 plants derived from two divergent cultivars ('védrantais' and 'songwhan charmi') of cucumis melo (l.). thirty-four rflps, 64 rapds, one isozyme, four disease resistance markers and one morphological marker were used to construct a genetic map spanning 14 linkage groups covering 1390 cm of the melon genome. rapd and rflp markers detected similar polymorphism levels. rflps were largely due to base substitutions rather than insertion/d ... | 1996 | 24162199 |