| [mark's disease: v. experimental behavior of 3 isolates taken place in the country]. | three experiments were designed to determine the parameters of virus infection, antibodies and mortality with three different md isolates inoculated in one day old birds from commercial origin. the animals were divided in three inoculated lots (1-2-3) and three control groups (4-1, 4-2, 4-3) and were followed weekly from hatching through 17 weeks. the former were inoculated respectivelly with fov-6, fcv-8 and fcv-9. each day old bird received between 50-75 fpu/bird by i.p. route. samples were ta ... | 1975 | 174161 |
| evaluation of a feline viral rhinotracheitis-feline calicivirus disease vaccine. | an attenuated respiratory disease vaccine against feline viral rhinotracheitis (fvr) and feline calicivirus (fcv) disease was evaluated for safety and efficacy in specific-pathogen-free cats. twenty cats were vaccinated twice intramuscularly, with 28 days between vaccinations. ten unvaccinated cats were used as contact controls. adverse effects were not noticed after vaccination, and the vaccinal virus did not spread to contact controls. arithmetical mean serum-neutralizing titers against vaccin ... | 1977 | 190925 |
| in vitro antiviral efficacy of ribavirin against feline calicivirus, feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, and canine parainfluenza virus. | ribavirin had marked in vitro activity against feline calcivirus, strain 255, and canine parainfluenza virus, but showed only slight antiviral effect on feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. antiviral activity was manifested by partial to complete suppression of viral cytopathic effect and of viral replication, depending on concentration of ribavirin in the culture medium and dosage of viral inoculum. concentrations of ribavirin as small as 3.2 microgram/ml and 1.0 microgram/ml showed some activit ... | 1978 | 204229 |
| an immunofluorescence diagnostic test for feline viral rhinotracheitis. | hyperimmune serum against feline viral rhinotracheitis was produced in a goat and conjugated with a fluorescent dye. cell cultures infected with rhinotracheitis virus had positive immunofluorescence. cell cultures infected with other feline viruses and herpesviruses of other species did not fluoresce. in cats experimentally infected with rhinotracheitis virus, the virus was isolated from nasal and conjunctival swabs 1 to 9 days after inoculation. nasal smears stained with the conjugated antiseru ... | 1978 | 205147 |
| interaction of a combined feline viral rhinotracheitis-feline calicivirus vaccine and the fvr carrier state. | the effect of field feline viral rhinotracheitis (fvr) virus challenge on cats previously vaccinated with a combined fvr/feline calicivirus intramuscular vaccine was studied in relation to the development of an fvr carrier state. there was no virus shedding of either of the two vaccine viruses following vaccination. treatment with corticosteroid 60 days after vaccination and before challenge with fvr virus did not induce virus re-excretion in vaccinates or controls; neither did similar treatment ... | 1978 | 212859 |
| the efficacy of two commercial feline rhinotracheitis-calicivirus-panleukopenia vaccines. | the efficacy of two commercial feline vaccines was determined by challenging vaccinated and unvaccinated cats sequentially with a virulent feline calicivirus and rhinotracheitis virus. serological responses to these viruses as well as to panleuk openia virus were also measured. results show significant protection and satisfactory serological responses are conferred by both vaccines. one vaccine showed significant superiority in protection against feline viral rhinotracheitis. | 1979 | 232426 |
| in vitro interaction of alveolar macrophages and pneumocytes with feline respiratory viruses. | feline alveolar macrophages and feline pneumocytes were inoculated in vitro with low multiplicities of either feline calicivirus or feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. pneumocytes were permissive for both viruses. high titers were attained, and characteristic cytopathic effects developed. alveolar macrophages were permissive for feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, although the cycle of replication was delayed. infection of macrophages with feline calicivirus resulted in the production of viral a ... | 1978 | 352961 |
| diseases produced by feline caliciviruses when administered to cats by aerosol or intranasal instillation. | specific pathogen free cats were infected by two feline calicivirus isolates of different plaque type, an extra-large plaque (ep) former and a minute plaque (mp) former. a comparison was made of the disease produced when these isolates were administered by either aerosol or direct intranasal instillation. with both isolates, aerosol infection produced lesions and gave rise to virus replication throughout the respiratory tract. the effects of intranasal infection were more confined to the upper r ... | 1979 | 433113 |
| elaboration of chemotactic substances by alveolar cells: possible mechanisms for the initial neutrophilic response in feline caliciviral pneumonia. | in vitro experiments established that the interaction of feline calicivirus (fcv) with alveolar macrophages and pneumocytes results in the generation of chemotactic factors that produce directed migration of neutrophils in boyden chambers. factors were produced independent of immune mechanisms and of discernible serum factors. lysates of noninfected alveolar macrophages and pneumocytes did not possess chemotactic activity, indicating that chemotactic factors were not preformed in these cells. no ... | 1979 | 464355 |
| the preparation of a polyvalent feline calicivirus antiserum. | a polyvalent antiserum capable of neutralizing 82 isolates of feline calicivirus made from cats in various parts of north america was produced by the sequential inoculation of spf cats at three-week intervals with feline calicivirus strains f-9, 68-2024 and fs, followed by a final booster inoculation two weeks after the third inoculation with all three strains combined. sera raised against the same strains but individually and then pooled failed to show such broad cross-neutralizing capacity. th ... | 1979 | 497888 |
| effect of storage on the integrity of purified feline calicivirus particles. | the effect of storage on the integrity and infectivity of purified feline calicivirus (fcv) particles at varying temperatures (-70 degrees c, -20 degrees c and 4 degrees c) was examined. the results showed that over a period of 8 weeks the purified virus was best preserved at 4 degrees c. | 1979 | 551242 |
| rna synthesized in calicivirus-infected cells is atypical of picornaviruses. | rna labeled with [3h]uridine from vero cells infected with san miguel sea lion virus in the presence of actinomycin d was analyzed by glycerol density gradient sedimentation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the predominant single-stranded rna (36s, 2.6 x 10(6) molecular weight) was genome size. there was also a prominent 22s, 1.1 x 10(6)-molecular weight, single-stranded component and one or more double-stranded or partially double-stranded classes. replicative forms, sedimenting at 18s, ... | 1977 | 559106 |
| relationship of san miguel sea lion virus to other members of the calicivirus group. | san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) is indistinguishable from vesicular exanthema virus (vev) and feline calicivirus (fcv) in its morphology and in possessing a single capsid polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 65 x 10(3). neutralization tests readily differentiate the three viruses, but immunodiffusion tests show that smsv is closely related serologically to vev but not to fcv. although the rnas of the three caliciviruses have similar base compositions, homology tests show that sm ... | 1978 | 564894 |
| immunoelectron microscopic comparisons of caliciviruses. | using immunoelectron microscopy, 9 serotypes of vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesv) were compared with 5 serotypes of san miguel sea lion virus and 7 additional calicivirus isolates from marine animals. in addition, swine caliciviruses and marine caliciviruses were compared with the vaccinal strain of feline calicivirus (fcv) f-9. of 9 vesv types, 8 showed common antigenicity with san miguel sea lion virus. of 9 vesv types, 2 showed common antigenicity with fcv f-9. all 12 marine calicivir ... | 1978 | 567950 |
| diffuse alveolar damage in cats induced by nitrogen dioxide or feline calicivirus. | the ultrastructural morphogenesis of pulmonary lesions was studied in cats exposed to either aerosols of feline calicivirus (fcv) or high concentrations of no2. both directly injured alveolar lining cells, particularly type i cells. necrosis of pneumocytes attended by an acute exudative response in the air exchange tissues was evident from 0 through 24 hours after exposure of cats to no2 and from 12 through 96 hours after infection with fcv. the reparative process following alveolar injury was c ... | 1977 | 596419 |
| a classification of feline calicivirus isolates based on plaque morphology. | isolates of feline calicivirus (fcv) can be divided into four groups according to plaque size under an agar overlay. all isolates classified as minute plaque, along with certain other isolates, are sensitive to inhibitors present in agar. | 1978 | 660166 |
| effect of orally administered ribavirin on experimental feline calicivirus infection in cats. | ribavirin administered orally at 75 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 10 days, beginning either 1 or 4 days, after aerosol exposure of cats to calicivirus strain 255, failed to have any beneficial effect on the clinical course of the disease or to reduce viral excretion. indeed, there was enhanced severity of the clinicopathologic findings in the treated exposed group, due largely to hemorrhage resulting from profound thrombocytopenia. other toxic effects included depression of red and white bloo ... | 1978 | 697143 |
| ultrastructural morphogenesis of acute viral pneumonia produced by feline calicivirus. | the ultrastructural morphogenesis of acute viral pneumonia was studied in pathogen-free cats exposed to aerosols of a virulent strain of feline calicivirus. electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy indicated that the virus had a marked tropism for alveolar pneumocytes. viral-induced necrosis of pneumocytes was observed as early as 12 hours after exposure and was associated with acute serofibrinous and neutrophilic inflammation in the distal air exchange tissue. the acute exudative phase a ... | 1978 | 717870 |
| the pathology and sites of persistence associated with three different strains of feline calicivirus. | the pathology and sites of multiplication associated with three different strains of feline caliciviruses are described. the main pathological lesions were found in the tongue, soft palate and lungs and like the clinical signs were of mild nature. virus multiplication was associated mainly with the tissues of the mouth and tonsils and in asymptomatic carrier animals the tonsil appeared to be preferred organ of viral persistence. | 1977 | 905648 |
| the clinical disease and patterns of excretion associated with three different strains of feline caliciviruses. | three groups of cats were infected intranasally with three different feline calicivirus strains: a3, 68/40 and m8. each strain produced a uniformly muld upper respiratory tract disease, with glossal ulceration being the most prominent clinical sign. virus was most consistently isolated from the oro-pharyngeal region and, in non-euthanised animals, excretion continued long after clinical signs had disappeared. it is suggested that an asymptomatic phase of excretion may be a normal sequel to fcv i ... | 1977 | 905658 |
| replication of feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus in cell and organ cultures. | virus titers from feline herpesvirus-infected feline tracheal organ cultures were higher than those from feline kidney cell cultures. the time for the development of peak viral yields was longer in organ culture as compared to cell cultures. feline tracheal organ cultures infected with feline calicivirus produced minimal viral titers. | 1976 | 937794 |
| feline calicivirus: purification of virus and extraction and characterisation of its ribonucleic acid. | purification of feline calicivirus was achieved by cycles of differential centrifugation and two cycles of sucrose gradient centrifugation. feline calicivirus grown in the presence of actinomycin d and 3h-uridine-5, sediments in 15% to 45% sucrose gradients and forms a peak of radioactivity which corresponds with the peak of infectivity. ribonucleic acid (rna) extracted from the peak radioactive fractions taken from the sucrose gradient sedimented as a single peak ahead of the 28s peak of cellul ... | 1976 | 975839 |
| attempts to serologically classify feline caliciviruses on a national and an international basis. | a serological classification of five feline calicivirus (fcv) strains of swiss origin and 13 isolates of austrian origin was attempted. the antisera used had been prepared in rabbits against the five swiss strains and in goats against six american strains. homologous and heterologous neutralization tests were made in tube cultures using sera at dilutions that contained 20 antibody units, in unabsorbed sera at low dilution, and in sera after subjection to three consecutive absorptions with lyophi ... | 1976 | 992873 |
| feline calicivirus carrier state. a study of the host/virus relationship. | the inter-epidemic phase of feline calicivirus was studied in a number of cats. during this period animals asymptomatically shed infective virus which was monitored at a number of sites and during different environmental conditions. analysis of the amounts of virus shed by different cats showed that excretion occurred almost exclusively from the oropharynx, fluctuated with time, but was not influenced by periods of natural or artificial stress. viral excretion from one individual cat was fairly ... | 1976 | 999521 |
| experimentally induced feline calicivirus infection: clinical signs and lesions. | sixty-six specific-pathogen-free cats were allotted to 10 groups and exposed by aerosol to 10 feline calicivirus (fcv) isolates. viruses of different virulence were identified. the more virulent fcv caused pyrexia, depression, dyspnea, pneumonia, vesicles, or ulcers of the tongue and ulceration of the hard palate and nostrils. the fcv of low virulence caused similar lesions of the tongue, palate, and nostrils but little or no malaise, pyrexia, or pneumonia. lesions produced by fcv usually were c ... | 1975 | 1112749 |
| replication of a strain of feline calicivirus in organ culture. | the zwitterionic buffer hepes was used successfully to maintain organ cultures of kitten tongue and trachea for 10--15 days in vitro. a strain of feline calicivirus grew to high titres in both tongue and tracheal explants but it was not possible to ascribe specific histological changes to virus infection in either tongue or tracheal organ cultures. cells in tongue explants retained specific virus receptors for at least six days in vitro and virus grew to high levels in the cultures infected six ... | 1975 | 1119941 |
| induction of immunity to feline caliciviral disease. | six specific-pathogen-free cats were exposed by aerosol to a feline calicivirus of low virulence (f-9 virus). homotypic (anti-f-9) seroconversion occurred in all cats by postexposure day 14. the serum of one cat on postexposure day 14 and four of six cats on postexposure day 35 neutralized feline picornavirus isolate no. 225 (fpv-255), a virulent feline calicivirus. homologous antiviral activity was detected before the appearance of heterologous (anti-fpv-255) activity and always was present in ... | 1975 | 1123251 |
| cross-protection among feline caliciviruses. | each of five groups of specific-pathogen-free and conventionally reared cats was infected with a different strain of feline calicivirus. two of the strains were pathogenic, producing characteristically fever, depression, loss of appetite, buccal ulceration, and occasionally increased ocular and nasal secretion. two of the other strains were midly pathogenic and associated with fever or buccal ulceration or both; the fifth strain was nonpathogenic. the two pathogenic strains plus three others sho ... | 1975 | 1173064 |
| pathogenicity of a strain of feline calicivirus for domestic kittens. | a strain of feline calicivirus, isolated from a cheetah exhibiting ulcerative glossitis and conjunctivitis, was administered by aerosol to 4 domestic cats and by contact to a fifth cat. despite the limited number of animals available for the experiment, the pathogenicity of the virus strain for domestic cats was established. in aerosol-infected animals, clinical signs were referable to infection of both upper and lower respiratory tracts. the virus produced an interstitial pneumonia which, early ... | 1975 | 1222003 |
| electron microscopic observation of feline kidney cells infected with a feline calicivirus. | an electron microscopic study of kitten kidney cells infected with a feline calicivirus (a member of the family picornaviridae) has been carried out. although cells appeared to be synchronised by the light microscope, electron microscopic changes were extremely variable. the first observable and consistent changes occurred in the nucleus followed by the formation of membrane bound vesicles in the cytoplasm. a variety of arrangements of virus particle accumulation were observed in infected cells. ... | 1975 | 1237279 |
| ultrastructural studies of the development of feline calicivirus in a feline embryo cell line. | the ultrastructural changes in a feline embryo continuous cell line infected with feline calicivirus at a multiplicity of infection of approximately 1 were studied. virus was found only in the cytoplasm and was observed as single particles, as extensive, non-regular accumulations, as paracrystalline arrays, and as single or multiple linear arrays associated with microfbrils. mature virus particles were readily distinguished from ribosomes in that they were larger (35nm diameter) and consisted of ... | 1975 | 1239254 |
| immunization against feline calicivirus infection. | forty-three cats (experiments 1 and 2) were vaccinated (2 doses, 27 and 30 days between doses) with the f-9 strain of feline calicivirus by the intramuscular route. there was no untoward response in any of the cats to the administration of the vaccinal virus nor was there spread of the virus from 20 vaccinated cats to nonvaccinated cats held in contact during the next 6 months (experiment 2). the vaccinated cats developed serum-neutralizing antibodies that were increased further after the 2nd va ... | 1976 | 1259223 |
| feline caliciviral disease: experimental immunoprophylaxis. | an attenuated feline calicivirus (fcv) was administered intramuscularly to specific-pathogen-free cats. vaccination did not cause signs of illness. oropharyngeal replication of attenuated fcv was not detected, nor was there evidence of virus transmission to contact-control cats. antiviral neutralizing antibody was present in the serum of all vaccinated cats 7 days after they were given the 2nd intramuscular dose of immunogen. vaccinated and control cats were challenge exposed to aerosols of a vi ... | 1976 | 1259224 |
| haemorrhagic disease of lagomorphs: evidence for a calicivirus. | studies on the aetiological agents of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) and european brown hare syndrome show that the viruses responsible for these infections can be placed in the family caliciviridae. established members of this group are vesicular exanthema virus (prototype), san miguel sea lion virus and feline calcivirus. the human hepatitis e virus and the norwalk agent may soon be included. the rhd virus genome consists of a positive stranded rna molecule composed of 7437 nucleotides. a m ... | 1992 | 1282757 |
| evaluation of the immunogenicity of attenuated feline calicivirus vaccines by elisa. | an elisa test was developed to measure the levels of igg antibody in specific-pathogen-free (spf) cats immunised with two doses of an attenuated feline calicivirus (fcv) vaccine. all eight vaccinates were protected from virus challenge, but four out of five non-vaccinates were not. there was a significant difference in respect of protection from virus challenge between spf cats with and without three-fold or greater increase in antibody units (p = 0.01). each serum absorbance was standardised ag ... | 1992 | 1320788 |
| acute and chronic faucitis of domestic cats. a feline calicivirus-induced disease. | the lesions of acute feline calicivirus infection are of a transient vesiculo-ulcerative nature and involve, to varying degrees, the palate, tongue, gingiva, lips, nasal philtrum, and oral fauces. chronic ulceroproliferative faucitis is a specific but uncommon sequelae to persistent feline calicivirus oral carriage. | 1992 | 1333664 |
| antigenic change in feline calicivirus during persistent infection. | to determine if antigenic variation occurred during persistent infection of cats with feline caliciviruses (fcv), nine persistent (progeny) isolates from nine different carrier cats were compared antigenically to the original infecting parent strain, fcv 255, by two-way cross-neutralization tests with rabbit antisera. five of the nine progeny viruses isolated 35 to 169 days after initial infection were antigenically different from the parent strain. these five isolates represented four distinct ... | 1992 | 1335833 |
| immunologic responses in healthy random-source cats fed n,n-dimethylglycine-supplemented diets. | the immunomodulatory capacities of n,n-dimethylglycine (dmg) were examined in random-source cats. blood mononuclear leukocytes of healthy adult cats that had negative results to tests for felv and feline immunodeficiency virus were exposed in vitro to various concentrations of dmg (10 to 1,000 micrograms/ml) and were evaluated for proliferative responses to t- or b-cell phytomitogens. although increased, mean lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytolectins in dmg-treated cultures did not differ ... | 1992 | 1381880 |
| location of monoclonal antibody binding sites in the capsid protein of feline calicivirus. | we report the localization of three monoclonal antibody (mab) binding sites in the capsid protein of feline calicivirus. gene fragments were generated by restriction enzyme digestion or the polymerase chain reaction, and expressed as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins in escherichia coli. these chimeric molecules were screened using three mabs. a non-neutralizing mab recognized a region within 36 amino acids of the c terminus. two neutralizing mabs bound to a different region of 37 amino acids i ... | 1992 | 1383410 |
| the cloning, sequencing and expression of a major antigenic region from the feline calicivirus capsid protein. | rna purified from the feline calicivirus (fcv) f9 vaccine strain was used to prepare a cdna library in the expression vector lambda gt11. the library was screened for expression of fcv antigen using a rabbit antiserum prepared against purified fcv. a 330 bp cdna clone was identified and used as a probe to obtain a larger overlapping clone of 1369 bp. comparative sequence analysis with the cfi and f4 strains showed that the clones were derived from the 3' open reading frame encoding the capsid pr ... | 1992 | 1402818 |
| genomic 3' terminal sequence comparison of three isolates of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. | comparison of sequence data is necessary in older to investigate virus origins, identify features common to virulent strains, and characterize genomic organization within virus families. a virulent caliciviral disease of rabbits recently emerged in china. we have sequenced 1100 bases from the 3' ends of two independent european isolates of this virus, and compared these with previously determined calicivirus sequences. rabbit caliciviruses were closely related, despite the different countries in ... | 1992 | 1497750 |
| [the effectiveness of paramunization for the control of feline coryza]. | 20 cats in a cat home were treated prophylactically and therapeutically with baypamun hk. the animals were allocated into three groups as described. 7 freshly admitted clinically healthy cats were treated prophylactically on day 1, 2 and 9 with 1 ml baypamun hk (group i). 7 cats, who already were allocated for one year in the home and were sick of the feline respiratory disease complex were treated as described for group i (group ii). 6 further cats, who also showed symptoms of the feline respir ... | 1992 | 1524577 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of a feline calicivirus. | we have determined the complete sequence of a feline calicivirus. the virus genome is 7690 bases long and contains two large open reading frames. proteins specified by these have similarity to those encoded in the corresponding regions of a candidate calicivirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, but are distinctly different from those specified by another such virus, hepatitis e virus. a third, small open reading frame at the 3' end of the genome is present in both feline and rabbit viruses but ... | 1992 | 1529544 |
| nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of two serotypes of san miguel sea lion virus: identification of conserved and non-conserved amino acid sequences among calicivirus capsid proteins. | the san miguel sea lion viruses, members of the calicivirus family, are closely related to the vesicular disease of swine viruses which can cause severe disease in swine. in order to begin the molecular characterization of these viruses, the nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of two san miguel sea lion viruses (smsv), serotypes 1 and 4, was determined. the coding sequences for the capsid precursor protein were located within the 3' terminal 2620 bases of the genomic rnas of both viru ... | 1992 | 1529644 |
| different stabilities to bile among feline calicivirus strains of respiratory and enteric origin. | feline calicivirus (fcv) strains isolated from feces (e-fcv) were compared with fcv strains of respiratory origin (r-fcv). all strains were shown to be labile at ph 3.0. all strains except one strain of e-fcv were found to be sensitive to the action of trypsin. when exposed to bile salt (deoxycholic acid sodium salt), all r-fcv strains were markedly inactivated, but none of the e-fcv strains was inactivated. it was possible to select bile-resistant substrains from a bile-sensitive strain. | 1992 | 1626378 |
| cloning and sequence determination of the feline calicivirus strain f9. | | 1992 | 1633955 |
| studies on the role of feline calicivirus in chronic stomatitis in cats. | two groups of cats were inoculated oro-nasally with one of two isolates of feline calicivirus (fcv) from clinical cases of chronic stomatitis. all cats developed signs typical of acute fcv infection; namely, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and marked oral ulceration. none of the cats shed virus beyond 28 days. seronegative control cats were then infected with a lower dose of one isolate, but again only acute signs were seen and no carriers produced. the original cats were then re-inf ... | 1991 | 1652861 |
| effect of primary-stage feline immunodeficiency virus infection on subsequent feline calicivirus vaccination and challenge in cats. | the effect of experimental primary-stage feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection on feline calicivirus (fcv) vaccination and challenge in cats was studied. clinical signs of acute fcv disease were more widespread in the cats which were infected with fiv than in those which were not. fiv infection also prolonged shedding of fcv, with more of the fiv-infected cats becoming chronic carriers. although vaccination induced protection against acute fcv disease, this was to a lesser degree in fiv- ... | 1991 | 1652980 |
| chronic oral infections of cats and their relationship to persistent oral carriage of feline calici-, immunodeficiency, or leukemia viruses. | two hundred and twenty-six cats from the veterinary medical teaching hospital (vmth), a cat shelter, and a purebred cattery were tested for chronic feline calicivirus (fcv), feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infections. chronic oral carriage of fcv was present in about one-fifth of the cats in each of the groups. fiv infection was not present in the purebred cattery, was moderately prevalent (8%) in the pet population of cats examined at the vmth for various co ... | 1991 | 1659031 |
| antibody response of captive cheetahs to modified-live feline virus vaccine. | the antibody response of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) to modified live virus vaccine against feline panleukopenia (fplv), herpes (fhv) and calici (fcv) viruses was assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the first year of study, 82 cheetahs were bled pre-vaccination. of these, antibody levels to fplv were found in 100% of the animals. only 54% were found to have antibodies to fhv and 99% had antibodies to fcv. one month after booster vaccination with the same vaccine ... | 1991 | 1661784 |
| a comparison between immunofluorescence staining on smears from membrana nictitans (m3 test), immunohistopathology and routine pathology in cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | an indirect immunofluorescence method using smears from membrana nictitans (m3 test) to diagnose feline corona virus (fcv) infection was compared with immunohistopathology (using indirect immunofluorescence assay (iffa) performed on organs (ifo], and routine pathology (rp) in cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis (fip). a close correlation between the 2 immunofluorescence methods (ifo and m3) was observed. although the m3 test requires samples from only 1 organ per animal, both the s ... | 1991 | 1666490 |
| preparation and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to feline calicivirus. | fourteen neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-moabs) were prepared against the f4 strain of feline calicivirus (fcv), the prototype strain of fcv in japan, and examined for their ability to neutralize fcv isolates. neutralization-resistant variants of the f4 strain were selected under the presence of 4 individual n-moabs in cell culture systems and used in cross-neutralization tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with all of the 14 n-moabs. the results revealed the identification of at l ... | 1990 | 1693408 |
| neutralizing epitopes of feline calicivirus. | a new collection of eighteen neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-moabs), raised against feline calicivirus (fcv), was used to analyze neutralizing epitopes of the f4 strain of fcv, the prototype strain of fcv in japan. by cross-neutralization tests with the 20 fcv strains including japanese. american, swiss, and new zealand isolates, the 18 n-moabs were categorized into six groups. one n-moab (1 d 7) neutralized all the strains tested: eight n-moabs neutralized only fcv-f 4; while the others n ... | 1991 | 1708228 |
| nucleotide sequence and expression of the capsid protein gene of feline calicivirus. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 2,486 bases of the feline calicivirus (fcv) genome was determined. this region of the fcv genome, from which the 2.4-kb subgenomic rna is derived, contained two open reading frames. the larger open reading frame, found in the 5' end of the subgenomic mrna, contained 2,004 bases encoding a polypeptide of 73,467 da. the smaller open reading frame, encoded in the 3' end of the mrna, was composed of 318 bases, encoding a polypeptide of 12,185 da. the aug initiation co ... | 1991 | 1716692 |
| identification and sequence determination of the capsid protein gene of feline calicivirus. | we have determined 4380 bases of the sequence from a cdna clone containing the 3' end of feline calicivirus strain f9. we find four candidate open reading frames of which three are complete and comprise 245, 317 and 2012 nucleotides. the fourth continues toward the 5' end. we have expressed the largest complete open reading frame in e. coli. sera raised to this antigen react specifically with the capsid protein and its intracellular precursor molecule. n-terminal sequence analysis of purified, m ... | 1992 | 1731695 |
| rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus--molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of a calicivirus genome. | the rna genome of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) was molecularly cloned. the 5' terminal sequence of the genomic rna was determined after pcr amplification of a g-tailed first strand cdna template. the cloned cdna allowed determination of the first complete caliciviral sequence encompassing 7437 nucleotides without poly(a) tail. the rhdv genome contains one long open reading frame of 2344 codons which in the 5' region encodes the nonstructural proteins. sequence comparison studies revea ... | 1991 | 1840711 |
| isolation of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus from domestic cats 1980 to 1989. | isolation rates of feline herpesvirus (fhv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) from oropharyngeal swabs, taken from 6866 cats in 1980 to 1989 were studied retrospectively. fcv was isolated from 1364 (19.9 per cent) and fhv from 285 (4.2 per cent). the ratio of fcv:fhv isolations varied from 1.3:1 to 15:1 in individual years with an overall ratio of 4.8:1. isolation of both viruses was fairly uniform for each year and there was no breed or sex disposition to either virus. of 872 cats shedding fcv and 2 ... | 1991 | 1850183 |
| sequence analysis of the 3'-end of feline calicivirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the 3'-end of the japanese f4 strain of feline calicivirus (fcv) rna was determined from a cloned cdna of 3.5 kbp. we found three open reading frames (orfs). the largest orf encoded a 668-amino acid protein of 73,588 da, which was presumably the capsid precursor protein of fcv and had significant amino acid sequence homology with the vp3 of picornaviruses. a small orf at the extreme 3'-end was compared with that of the f9 strain of fcv, a vaccine strain originally from ... | 1991 | 1853578 |
| quantitative assessment of the germicidal efficacy of ultrasonic energy. | propagated (free-field) ultrasonic energy at a frequency of 26 khz was used to expose aqueous suspensions of bacteria (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa), fungus (trichophyton mentagrophytes), and viruses (feline herpesvirus type 1 and feline calicivirus) to evaluate the germicidal efficacy of ultrasound. there was a significant effect of time for all four bacteria, with percent killed increasing with increased duration of exposure, and a sign ... | 1991 | 1892396 |
| nucleotide sequence of a region of the feline calicivirus genome which encodes picornavirus-like rna-dependent rna polymerase, cysteine protease and 2c polypeptides. | a region of the feline calicivirus (fcv) genome was sequenced which encodes polypeptides that are similar by amino acid alignment analysis to several picornavirus polypeptides. these polypeptides include the 2c polypeptide, the 3c cysteine protease and the 3d rna-dependent rna polymerase. the 2c-like region of the fcv genome encodes a gxxgxgkt nucleotide binding motif as well as amino acids which have been shown to be conserved in the picornavirus 2c polypeptides. the fcv rna-dependent rna polym ... | 1990 | 2077782 |
| serological survey of the iriomote cat (felis iriomotensis) in japan. | the iriomote cat (felis iriomotensis) was first discovered on iriomote island in the yaeyama islands of japan in 1965. ten male and 11 female adult cats were captured during the 6 yr period from 1983 to 1988. these were examined for evidence of viral and mycoplasmal infections. neither mycoplasma sp. nor ureaplasma sp. were detected in swab samples of oropharyngeal and urogenital regions. a foamy virus was isolated from the oropharyngeal swab of a female cat examined in 1988. feline leukemia vir ... | 1990 | 2110982 |
| demonstration of feline corona virus (fcv) antigen in organs of cats suspected of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) disease. | cryosections of organs and smears from membrana nicitians from cats suspected of having spontaneous infection with feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), were investigated using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (iifa) in order to detect the presence of feline corona virus (fcv). in 113 cats, from each of which six organs were screened, virus antigen was found most often in membrana nicitians and lung. out of these animals an additional six organs from a group of 30 cats were screened. i ... | 1990 | 2168724 |
| neutralisation patterns among recent british and north american feline calicivirus isolates from different clinical origins. | the neutralisation patterns of 103 recent isolates of feline calicivirus from cats with chronic stomatitis or acute feline calicivirus disease, and from cats with neither oral nor respiratory disease were compared. there were no statistically significant differences between the proportions of isolates from each clinical source neutralised by individual feline calicivirus cat antisera. different antisera showed widely differing degrees of cross reactivity; antisera to the most widely used vaccine ... | 1990 | 2171183 |
| the role of viruses in feline lower urinary tract disease. | viruses have been implicated as causative agents in the etiopathogenesis of some forms of feline lower urinary tract disease (lutd). this hypothesis was supported by isolation of feline calicivirus, bovine herpesvirus 4 (strain fecahv), and feline syncytia-forming virus from cats with naturally occurring lutd, and by experimental studies of induced viral urinary tract infection. results of early clinical studies yielded contradictory results concerning the role of viruses in feline lutd. however ... | 1990 | 2187983 |
| transcription of feline calicivirus rna. | we report here the cloning and 3' sequence determination of feline calicivirus strain f9. subcloning the 3' terminus enabled the production of strand specific probes for rna synthesis. we extend the number of virus specific rnas detected intracellularly to 8, and show that numbers 1-5 are represented as negative strands which may serve as templates in the synthesis of these rnas. | 1990 | 2241572 |
| monoclonal antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and their use in the diagnosis of infection. | hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) were prepared. using western blot (wb) analysis, the mabs obtained were divided into two groups, one reacting with the major structural proteins of mr 61k and 38k, and the other giving negative reactions. both groups of mabs, however, reacted specifically with rhdv in elisa and by immunoperoxidase (ip) and immunofluorescence (if) tests with infected cells. as demonstrated by wb using rhdv-specific mabs ... | 1990 | 2254752 |
| characterization of the subunit particles of feline calicivirus. | in the culture fluid from cells infected with feline calicivirus (fcv) f4 strain, the infectious and smaller non-infectious subunit particles were detected by complement fixation (cf) test after sucrose gradient centrifugation. the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analyses confirmed the existence of the subunit particles of fcv, and showed that the infectious and subunit particles were mainly composed of 65k capsid protein. the subunit particles ... | 1990 | 2280505 |
| biochemical characterization of porcine enteric calicivirus: analysis of structural and nonstructural viral proteins. | in this report, the molecular weight and antigenicity of the proteins of a porcine enteric calicivirus (pec) were characterized. the pec virions were purified from intestinal contents of infected pigs and from infected cell culture lysates. the average buoyant density of the purified virus was 1.37 gm/cm3 in cesium chloride. one major structural protein with a molecular weight of approximately 58 k was found in the gut and cell culture-passaged pec using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel ... | 1990 | 2369321 |
| propagation and preliminary characterization of a chicken candidate calicivirus. | the present paper reports the propagation and partial characterization of calici-like virus particles previously observed in gut homogenates obtained from stunted broiler chicks. radiolabelling experiments with [3h]uridine showed that the virus possesses an rna genome and that it can replicate in primary chick embryo fibroblasts in the presence of actinomycin d. in vivo studies showed that the virus can be serially passaged in specific pathogen-free chicks and virus particles can be recovered fr ... | 1985 | 2410552 |
| susceptibility of feline herpesvirus 1 and a feline calicivirus to feline interferon and recombinant human leukocyte interferons. | feline lung monolayer cultures were treated with either a feline interferon (ifn) or one of two recombinant human alpha-ifns and then challenged with feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (f-9 strain), or vesicular stomatitis virus. treatment with these ifns reduced the viral yield for each of these three viruses as compared with that of control cultures. vesicular stomatitis virus was more sensitive to each ifn than were fhv-1 or feline calicivirus f-9. | 1985 | 2418778 |
| monoclonal antibodies to feline calicivirus. | we have prepared monoclonal antibodies to the capsid protein of feline calicivirus (fcv). these antibodies are directed against two close but distinct epitopes, only one of which is involved in virus neutralization. we have used these antibodies and immune cat serum in immunoprecipitation and western blotting experiments and have identified novel proteins in fcv-infected cells which we term p78, p41, p35 and p29. the number and sizes of fcv proteins now known resemble those made by other caliciv ... | 1989 | 2475582 |
| detection of feline calicivirus antigens in the joints of infected cats. | twelve specific pathogen free cats were used to investigate the role of calicivirus in causing lameness. these were divided into two groups each of six cats; one group of cats had previously been vaccinated, the other had not. three cats in each group were given live vaccine virus (f9 related) by the subcutaneous route and two in each group were challenged intranasally with field virus (a4), either four or seven days before euthanasia. the other two cats were controls. virus was isolated from th ... | 1989 | 2541528 |
| prevalence of feline calicivirus, feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to fiv in cats with chronic stomatitis. | the prevalence of feline calicivirus (fcv), feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies were assessed in 78 british and 18 north american household cats with chronic stomatitis and in appropriate controls. in british cats, fcv was significantly (p less than 0.005) more prevalent in both hospital (92 per cent) and general practice (79 per cent) cases compared to their controls (19 per cent in both cases). a similar difference in prevalence of fcv was noted in ... | 1989 | 2541529 |
| sites of persistence of feline calicivirus. | various tissues were collected from eight cats persistently infected with feline calicivirus (fcv) strain 255 to determine the sites of viral persistence. tissues were tested by virus isolation and an immunohistochemical technique in which infected cells were detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections using rabbit antiserum to fcv 255, a biotinylated second antibody and streptavidin-peroxidase. virus was detected by one or both techniques in tonsillar tissues of each animal, a ... | 1989 | 2556765 |
| feline calicivirus protein synthesis investigated by western blotting. | we have used western blotting to examine the accumulation of feline calicivirus proteins within the infected cell. experiments using elevated growth temperature to block post-translational cleavage have demonstrated two additional high molecular weight protein bands 125 kd and 123 kd respectively which may be precursor polyproteins. inhibition of proteolytic processing with p-fluorophenylalanine led to the accumulation of several additional protein species which may represent intermediates in th ... | 1989 | 2596975 |
| immunohistochemical detection of feline calicivirus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. | an immunohistochemical technique was developed for detection of feline calicivirus (fcv) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cultured cells and tissues. initial trials with cultured cells indicated that the indirect immunoperoxidase method using rabbit antiserum to fcv strain 255, and horseradish peroxidase-labelled antibodies to rabbit immunoglobulin g lacked sensitivity and showed excessive diffuse background staining despite trypsin digestion of sections before staining. an amplified indirec ... | 1989 | 2766153 |
| evaluation of micro-neutralization test for diagnosis of feline calicivirus and herpesvirus infections. | | 1987 | 2824909 |
| antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to feline calicivirus following inactivated vaccine and challenge. | | 1987 | 2830748 |
| isolation of feline calicivirus from cats in brazil. | | 1988 | 2833001 |
| development of an enzyme immunoassay for the hawaii agent of viral gastroenteritis. | the hawaii agent is a norwalk-like virus of acute gastroenteritis in humans which is antigenically distinct from the prototype norwalk agent. we established a solid phase sandwich type microtiter enzyme immunoassay (eia) for hawaii antigen employing sera and stools from experimentally challenged volunteers as reagents. this assay detected the hawaii agent in stools from 3 of 8 volunteers who were ill after oral challenge with the hawaii agent, including one specimen which was positive to a dilut ... | 1988 | 2851600 |
| isolation and identification of caliciviruses from dogs with enteric infections. | caliciviruses were isolated from 7 dogs and 1 captured coyote with enteritis. there was a high fatality rate in dogs 4 to 16 weeks of age. the occurrence in these dogs of concurrent infection with known enteric pathogens such as salmonella sp, canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, and canine rotavirus did not allow making any conclusions regarding the pathogenicity of this newly recognized calicivirus. the caliciviruses were characterized by electron microscopy and were further identified as be ... | 1985 | 2982299 |
| feline calicivirus subunit vaccine--a prototype. | a vaccine was prepared from a subunit component, antigenically similar to the whole feline calicivirus (fcv) particles. despite the limited number of animals available for this study we were able to demonstrate that the vaccine protected cats when challenged with a virulent strain of the virus while the non-vaccinates kept as controls developed clinical and histopathological symptoms of the calicivirus disease. | 1985 | 2994563 |
| serologic and virologic surveys on feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus infections in cats for experimental use. | serologic survey and virus isolation of feline herpesvirus (fhv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) were performed on cats used for research at the laboratory animal research centre, the university of tsukuba, over the period from 1978 to 1981. of the 507 mature and immature cats, 4 months old or older, 102 (20.1%) had hi antibody against fhv and 412 (81.3%) sn antibody against fcv. some 23 (16.2%) and 76 (53.5%) kittens among 142 younger than 4 months had antibodies against fhv and fcv, respectively. ... | 1985 | 2998829 |
| evaluation of tri-combinant vaccine for feline herpesvirus, calicivirus and panleukopenia virus infections in japanese native cats. | tri-combinant vaccine consisting of attenuated feline herpesvirus (fhv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) and inactivated feline panleukopenia virus (fplv), were evaluated for safety and efficacy, using japanese native cats and the viral strains isolated in japan. thirty-eight 9- to 12-week-old kittens were inoculated intramuscularly and subcutaneously with the vaccine. consequently, no adverse reaction was found, and protective efficacy was confirmed by challenge tests with the virulent strains of e ... | 1985 | 2998830 |
| serologic evaluation of vaccinated american river otters. | the oklahoma department of wildlife conservation acquired 20 american river otters (lutra canadensis) between 1984 and 1985 for reintroduction into oklahoma waterways. in 1985, 10 otters were evaluated for serum antibody titers after vaccination with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv), and feline calicivirus. prevaccination serum-virus neutralization (svn) antibody to feline rhinotracheit ... | 1985 | 3001000 |
| responses of cats to nasal vaccination with a live, modified feline herpesvirus type 1. | intranasal vaccination with a cold-adapted strain of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) two days before challenge gave partial protection, and four days before challenge gave complete protection, against feline viral rhinotracheitis. protection at this time appeared to be specific since vaccination with fhv-1 did not affect the disease caused by the unrelated feline calicivirus. the time course of onset of protection also confirmed that the protective mechanism was likely to be specific. however, ... | 1986 | 3027798 |
| persistent viral infection. the carrier state. | a persistent viral infection is one in which the virus in a replicating or non-replicating form persists in the host beyond the normal recovery and elimination period for that particular viral infection. the clinical significance and mechanisms of persistence, when known, are discussed for the important viral infections of dogs and cats. particular emphasis is given to feline viral rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus, canine distemper, and feline leukemia. | 1986 | 3097907 |
| [virus carriers: analysis of states of equilibrium between the virus and its host]. | the various mechanisms of virus persistence are described. four kinds of virus persistence are presented, depending on their epidemiological significance, persistence associated with continuous multiplication and transmission (feline calicivirus, calf rotavirus); persistence associated with continuous multiplication but discontinuous transmission (equine infectious anemia retrovirus); persistence with continuous multiplication associated with immunotolerance (feline leukaemia retrovirus; mucosal ... | 1987 | 3122626 |
| further characterization of the virus-specific rnas in feline calicivirus infected cells. | the virus-specific rnas in feline calicivirus (fcv) infected cells were examined to determine the number and forms of rnas that are synthesized during the infection process. northern blots of poly(a)+ rna from 5-h infected cells probed with a cdna clone derived from the 3' end of the fcv genome (pcv3) revealed four fcv-specific rnas that were approximately 8.2 (genomic rna), 4.8, 4.2 and 2.4 kb in length. northern blots of poly(a)+ rna purified from infected cells hourly after infection and prob ... | 1988 | 3176687 |
| variable sensitivity of a feline embryo cell line and of three kitten kidney cell cultures to feline herpes- and caliciviruses. | the number of plaques produced in a feline embryo (femb) cell line and in three independently derived kitten kidney (kk) cell cultures varied in a consistent and reproducible manner when each was inoculated with the same number of feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1) plaque forming units (pfu); the three kk cells produced 2-9 times more plaques than femb cells. one of the three kk cells produced fhv1 plaques that were smaller in diameter than those femb cells. each of the three kk cell cultures inoculate ... | 1986 | 3705445 |
| a possible maturation pathway of calicivirus particles. | the assembly process of feline calicivirus, a representative member of the caliciviridae, from subunit components in infected cells was monitored by labelling the virus-specific proteins with 3h-leucine for different periods and harvesting cellular extracts at various phases of infection. a series of protein subunit components was detected and the virus assembly process appeared to have occurred in at least two stages. the first stage involved the very rapid aggregation of precursor polypeptides ... | 1986 | 3736441 |
| the utilization of zwitterionic buffer system in the plaque assay of a feline calicivirus. | | 1973 | 4351959 |
| serological relationships among feline caliciviruses. | a total of 46 strains of feline calicivirus isolates from the united kingdom, united states, australia, and new zealand were used in an investigation of their serological relationships based on the serum neutralization test. although demonstrable antigenic variation exists between these isolates, it is shown that significant in vitro cross-activity exists between all these isolates to greater or lesser extent. all isolates tested may be regarded as serological variants of a single serotype of fe ... | 1974 | 4435957 |
| the effect of deae-dextran on the infectivity of a feline calicivirus and its rna. | | 1973 | 4716969 |
| thermal and ph stability of feline calicivirus. | molar concentration of sodium chloride partially stabilized feline calicivirus against thermal inactivation at 50 c. one strain of feline calicivirus was relatively acid labile compared to another. | 1973 | 4762115 |
| studies on the buoyant density of a feline calicivirus. | | 1974 | 4838289 |
| feline calicivirus infection in kittens borne by cats persistently infected with the virus. | on the basis of repeated isolation of feline calicivirus (fcv) from oropharyngeal swabs four to eight months after exposure to fcv strain 255, four carrier queen cats were identified. these cats gave birth to 16 kittens. litters were individually housed with their mothers until nine weeks of age and were monitored virologically and serologically from birth until 15 weeks old. all kittens became infected between three and nine weeks old and shed fcv consistently for periods of three to 11 weeks. ... | 1984 | 6089284 |
| feline viral respiratory disease. the carrier state, vaccination, and control. | a thorough understanding of the epizootiology of fcv and frtv is critical when implementing control measures in premises with enzootic urd. failure to properly segregate cats, reduce fomite contamination, or implement a vaccination schedule most suited to that population will undoubtedly allow perpetuation of disease. several questions remain unanswered about urd in cats. following several years of widespread routine vaccination, what is the prevalence of the carrier state in vaccinated cats? wh ... | 1984 | 6097007 |
| interaction of an intranasal combined feline viral rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus vaccine and the fvr carrier state. | eight cats were vaccinated intranasally with a combined feline calicivirus/feline viral rhinotracheitis (fvr) virus commercial vaccine. following intranasal challenge with a field strain of fvr virus and subsequent treatment with corticosteroid, no virus was recovered from any of the eight cats, while fvr virus was recovered following corticosteroid treatment from two of four unvaccinated and challenged controls. no evidence was found for the development of an fvr virus carrier state with the in ... | 1980 | 6244692 |
| virucidal disinfectants and feline viruses. | thirty-five commonly used commercial disinfectants (disinfectants, antiseptics, sanitizers, and detergents) were evaluated for their virucidal activity against three feline viruses; feline viral rhinotracheitis virus (a herpesvirus), feline calicivirus, and feline panleukopenia virus (a parvovirus). disinfectants were diluted as recommended by the manufacturer and were reacted with virus for 10 minutes at room temperature. viruses were separated from disinfectants by gel filtration in special ce ... | 1980 | 6245610 |