| isolation of small viruses resembling astroviruses and caliciviruses from acute enteritis of calves. | small round viruses (srv) were isolated from the faeces of diarrhoeic calves from three farms. all three srv preparations caused diarrhoea experimentally in gnotobiotic calves. each preparation contained viral particles of two morphological types, "astrovirus-like" and "calicivirus-like", and from one preparation the two particle types were separated from each other. the calicivirus-like agent ("newbury agent") was 33 nm in diameter, and caused diarrhoea in gnotobiotic calves with villous atroph ... | 1978 | 102800 |
| feline respiratory infections--a clinical review. | | 1976 | 177166 |
| a survey of feline viral upper respiratory tract infections. | | 1978 | 216958 |
| the efficacy of two commercial feline rhinotracheitis-calicivirus-panleukopenia vaccines. | the efficacy of two commercial feline vaccines was determined by challenging vaccinated and unvaccinated cats sequentially with a virulent feline calicivirus and rhinotracheitis virus. serological responses to these viruses as well as to panleuk openia virus were also measured. results show significant protection and satisfactory serological responses are conferred by both vaccines. one vaccine showed significant superiority in protection against feline viral rhinotracheitis. | 1979 | 232426 |
| [vaccines against infectious rhinotracheitis of the cat adjuvant bcg aluminium hydroxide (preparation, control, immunity (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 398244 |
| in vitro interaction of alveolar macrophages and pneumocytes with feline respiratory viruses. | feline alveolar macrophages and feline pneumocytes were inoculated in vitro with low multiplicities of either feline calicivirus or feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. pneumocytes were permissive for both viruses. high titers were attained, and characteristic cytopathic effects developed. alveolar macrophages were permissive for feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, although the cycle of replication was delayed. infection of macrophages with feline calicivirus resulted in the production of viral a ... | 1978 | 352961 |
| feline viral respiratory disease: a review with particular reference to its epizootiology and control. | | 1978 | 347170 |
| relationship of san miguel sea lion virus to other members of the calicivirus group. | san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) is indistinguishable from vesicular exanthema virus (vev) and feline calicivirus (fcv) in its morphology and in possessing a single capsid polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 65 x 10(3). neutralization tests readily differentiate the three viruses, but immunodiffusion tests show that smsv is closely related serologically to vev but not to fcv. although the rnas of the three caliciviruses have similar base compositions, homology tests show that sm ... | 1978 | 564894 |
| feline preventive medicine. | | 1979 | 233274 |
| the occurrence of calicivirus in infants with acute gastroenteritis. | calicivirus was detected in 8 (1.2%) of 647 hospitalized patients during a survey of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, conducted between december 1974 and september 1977. morphologically calicivirus was approximately 30 nm in diameter with an easily recognizable staining "star of david" configuration. its buoyant density in cesium chloride was 1.38-1.40 gm/ml. the serologic response to calicivirus by immune electron microscopy (iem) was demonstrated only in paired sera from pa ... | 1979 | 232145 |
| viruses and virus diseases of marine mammals. | poxvirus and several serotypes of calicivirus cause recognizable disease in marine mammals. pox lesions in pinnipeds are raised and proliferative and are seen most frequently after confinement in captivity. in cetaceans, a poxvirus is associated with a much more benign and chronic lesion called a "tattoo." numerous caliciviruses of differing antigenic types have been isolated from vesicular lesions and aborted fetuses of northern fur seals and california sea lions as well as from clinically norm ... | 1979 | 230170 |
| winter vomiting disease caused by calicivirus. | the clinical, epidemiological, and virological features of an outbreak of winter vomiting disease among london schoolchildren are described. evidence is presented to support the view that this epidemic was caused by a human calicivirus, a virus not previously shown to be associated with this disease in man. | 1979 | 229128 |
| a new calicivirus isolated from a marine mammal. | a new serotype of calicivirus, designated as san miguel sea lion virus type 6 (smsv-6), was isolated from vesicular lesions on the flipper of a california sea lion pup. serologic studies show that smsv-6 neutralizing antibodies (sn) occur frequently among california sea lions and occasionally among northern fur seals. feral swine, 1- to 6-week elephant seal pups and grey whales tested negative for smsv-6 antibody. | 1979 | 227346 |
| upper respiratory disease in cats. | | 1979 | 224303 |
| aerosol transmission of feline calciciviruses. an assessment of its epidemiological importance. | | 1977 | 608096 |
| canine and feline immunization. | | 1978 | 220773 |
| nosocomial infantile gastroenteritis associated with minirotavirus and calicivirus. | | 1978 | 214535 |
| interaction of a combined feline viral rhinotracheitis-feline calicivirus vaccine and the fvr carrier state. | the effect of field feline viral rhinotracheitis (fvr) virus challenge on cats previously vaccinated with a combined fvr/feline calicivirus intramuscular vaccine was studied in relation to the development of an fvr carrier state. there was no virus shedding of either of the two vaccine viruses following vaccination. treatment with corticosteroid 60 days after vaccination and before challenge with fvr virus did not induce virus re-excretion in vaccinates or controls; neither did similar treatment ... | 1978 | 212859 |
| electron microscopy in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea. | | 1978 | 212395 |
| picornaviridae: second report. | | 1978 | 210136 |
| recent developments in feline disease research. | | 1978 | 204451 |
| in vitro antiviral efficacy of ribavirin against feline calicivirus, feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, and canine parainfluenza virus. | ribavirin had marked in vitro activity against feline calcivirus, strain 255, and canine parainfluenza virus, but showed only slight antiviral effect on feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. antiviral activity was manifested by partial to complete suppression of viral cytopathic effect and of viral replication, depending on concentration of ribavirin in the culture medium and dosage of viral inoculum. concentrations of ribavirin as small as 3.2 microgram/ml and 1.0 microgram/ml showed some activit ... | 1978 | 204229 |
| evaluation of a feline viral rhinotracheitis-feline calicivirus disease vaccine. | an attenuated respiratory disease vaccine against feline viral rhinotracheitis (fvr) and feline calicivirus (fcv) disease was evaluated for safety and efficacy in specific-pathogen-free cats. twenty cats were vaccinated twice intramuscularly, with 28 days between vaccinations. ten unvaccinated cats were used as contact controls. adverse effects were not noticed after vaccination, and the vaccinal virus did not spread to contact controls. arithmetical mean serum-neutralizing titers against vaccin ... | 1977 | 190925 |
| studies on the safety and efficacy of an intranasal feline rhinotracheitis-calici virus vaccine. | | 1976 | 185775 |
| infectious respiratory diseases of cats. | | 1976 | 183336 |
| viral diseases of cats: current concepts. | | 1976 | 179185 |
| the importance of picornavirus infections in respiratory disease of man and other mammals. | picornaviruses may be divided, by physicochemical properties, into enteroviruses, cardioviruses, caliciviruses, rhinoviruses and foot-and-mouth diseases viruses. although the respiratory tract may be the primary site of entry and multiplication for enteroviruses, cardioviruses and fmd viruses, few agents in these groups cause respiratory disease. a notable exception is coxsackievirus a21 which is an important cause of upper respiratory tract diseases in military recruits. the picornaviruses whic ... | 1975 | 165133 |
| caliciviruses. brief review. | | 1978 | 83131 |
| calicivirus associated with winter vomiting disease. | | 1978 | 77985 |
| letter: caliciviruses in man. | | 1976 | 54714 |
| studies on a possible viral aetiology for the feline urological syndrome. | | 1979 | 516298 |
| decline in maternal immunity and antibody response to vaccine in captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) cubs. | blood was collected from captive cheetah cubs (acinonyx jubatus) from the ages of 4 to 12 wk and monitored for the decline in maternally derived antibodies to feline panleukopenia, herpes and calici viruses. a steady decrease was seen in most of the cubs. antibody responses to inactivated and/or modified live virus (mlv) vaccine also were measured. the strongest responses were seen post vaccination with mlv vaccine only. | 1992 | 1312644 |
| outbreaks of human enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 in houston day care centers. | human enteric adenovirus (ead) types 40 and 41 cause diarrhea in young children, but little is known about their association with outbreaks of diarrhea in the child care setting. this study evaluated ead as a cause of outbreaks of diarrhea among infants and toddlers in day care centers. | 1992 | 1313095 |
| [viral diarrheas]. | it is now well known that several viruses are responsible for acute diarrhoea or gastroenteritis in both children and adults. these viruses are difficult to identify since most of them cannot be isolated by stool cultures on cells. the reality of proven reinfection by some of these organisms is not always clearly understood, even though the existence of several serotypes in the same group (notably rotavirus) can be blamed, and this explains why vaccines are difficult to develop. | 1992 | 1313558 |
| diseases produced by feline caliciviruses when administered to cats by aerosol or intranasal instillation. | specific pathogen free cats were infected by two feline calicivirus isolates of different plaque type, an extra-large plaque (ep) former and a minute plaque (mp) former. a comparison was made of the disease produced when these isolates were administered by either aerosol or direct intranasal instillation. with both isolates, aerosol infection produced lesions and gave rise to virus replication throughout the respiratory tract. the effects of intranasal infection were more confined to the upper r ... | 1979 | 433113 |
| effect of storage on the integrity of purified feline calicivirus particles. | the effect of storage on the integrity and infectivity of purified feline calicivirus (fcv) particles at varying temperatures (-70 degrees c, -20 degrees c and 4 degrees c) was examined. the results showed that over a period of 8 weeks the purified virus was best preserved at 4 degrees c. | 1979 | 551242 |
| a model for vesicular exanthema virus, the prototype of the calicivirus group. | the structure of vesicular exanthema virus, the prototype member of the calicivirus group, has been studied in more detail. the rna comprises 18% of mol. wt. of about 2.8 x 10(6), based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments in the presence of formaldehyde. the virus contains one major polypeptide, mol. wt. 70 x 10(3) as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by chromatography on sepharose 6b in the presence of 6 m-guanidine. further evidence for the presence of a single ... | 1978 | 567672 |
| immunoelectron microscopic comparisons of caliciviruses. | using immunoelectron microscopy, 9 serotypes of vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesv) were compared with 5 serotypes of san miguel sea lion virus and 7 additional calicivirus isolates from marine animals. in addition, swine caliciviruses and marine caliciviruses were compared with the vaccinal strain of feline calicivirus (fcv) f-9. of 9 vesv types, 8 showed common antigenicity with san miguel sea lion virus. of 9 vesv types, 2 showed common antigenicity with fcv f-9. all 12 marine calicivir ... | 1978 | 567950 |
| comparative resistance of san miguel sea lion virus and vesicular exanthema of swine virus to chemical disinfectants. | two similar calici agents, san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) and vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesv) are susceptible to the virucidal activity of disinfectants of differing formulation. ten of 12 compounds were effective against six log10 plaque forming units (pfu) of smsv in a 2-min exposure at 4, 25 and 37 degrees c. however, only seven of these 10 smsv-positive compounds inactivated vesv under the same conditions of temperature and time. two compounds were not effective against smsv in a ... | 1978 | 568301 |
| presence of a covalently linked protein on calicivirus rna. | the infective rna of the calicivirus, vesicular exanthema virus, has been shown to contain a protein which is apparently linked to the rna by a covalent bond. the protein remained bound to the rna after boiling with sds-mercaptoethanol-urea or treating with formamide-dimethylsulphoxide but was removed by incubating with proteinase k. the mol. wt. of the protein was estimated to be about 1o x 1o(3) by electrophoresis in highly cross-linked polyacrylamide gels. the infectivity of the rna was destr ... | 1978 | 569187 |
| calicivirus intracellular rna: fractionation of 18-22 s rna and lack of typical 5'-methylated caps on 36 s and 22 s san miguel sea lion virus rnas. | | 1979 | 571647 |
| diffuse alveolar damage in cats induced by nitrogen dioxide or feline calicivirus. | the ultrastructural morphogenesis of pulmonary lesions was studied in cats exposed to either aerosols of feline calicivirus (fcv) or high concentrations of no2. both directly injured alveolar lining cells, particularly type i cells. necrosis of pneumocytes attended by an acute exudative response in the air exchange tissues was evident from 0 through 24 hours after exposure of cats to no2 and from 12 through 96 hours after infection with fcv. the reparative process following alveolar injury was c ... | 1977 | 596419 |
| detection of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus particles in the rabbit liver tissues. | liver tissues from rabbits experimentally infected with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) were studied electron microscopically. the earliest change in hepatocytes of the rabbits infected with rhdv was hydropic degeneration. rough endoplasmic reticulum was dilated with a mild increase in polysomes and cytoplasmic cisternae in degenerated hepatocytes. characteristic cytopathological changes of necrotic hepatocytes included shrinkage of the cell body, formation of cytoplasmic vesicles, vacu ... | 1992 | 1334982 |
| isolation of feline syncytia-forming virus from oropharyngeal swab samples and buffy coat cells. | thirteen of 40 female cats were found to be chronically infected with feline syncytia-forming virus (fesfv). attempts to isolate the virus from these cats by conventional methods were not successful. however, virus was isolated from oropharyngeal swab samples and buffy coat cells. a new method was used involving inoculation of actively dividing crandell feline kidney cell cultures. cultures were trypsinized 3 days after inoculation and, as a result, cytopathic effect was amplified and ability to ... | 1978 | 646192 |
| effect of orally administered ribavirin on experimental feline calicivirus infection in cats. | ribavirin administered orally at 75 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 10 days, beginning either 1 or 4 days, after aerosol exposure of cats to calicivirus strain 255, failed to have any beneficial effect on the clinical course of the disease or to reduce viral excretion. indeed, there was enhanced severity of the clinicopathologic findings in the treated exposed group, due largely to hemorrhage resulting from profound thrombocytopenia. other toxic effects included depression of red and white bloo ... | 1978 | 697143 |
| ultrastructural morphogenesis of acute viral pneumonia produced by feline calicivirus. | the ultrastructural morphogenesis of acute viral pneumonia was studied in pathogen-free cats exposed to aerosols of a virulent strain of feline calicivirus. electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy indicated that the virus had a marked tropism for alveolar pneumocytes. viral-induced necrosis of pneumocytes was observed as early as 12 hours after exposure and was associated with acute serofibrinous and neutrophilic inflammation in the distal air exchange tissue. the acute exudative phase a ... | 1978 | 717870 |
| the pathology and sites of persistence associated with three different strains of feline calicivirus. | the pathology and sites of multiplication associated with three different strains of feline caliciviruses are described. the main pathological lesions were found in the tongue, soft palate and lungs and like the clinical signs were of mild nature. virus multiplication was associated mainly with the tissues of the mouth and tonsils and in asymptomatic carrier animals the tonsil appeared to be preferred organ of viral persistence. | 1977 | 905648 |
| the clinical disease and patterns of excretion associated with three different strains of feline caliciviruses. | three groups of cats were infected intranasally with three different feline calicivirus strains: a3, 68/40 and m8. each strain produced a uniformly muld upper respiratory tract disease, with glossal ulceration being the most prominent clinical sign. virus was most consistently isolated from the oro-pharyngeal region and, in non-euthanised animals, excretion continued long after clinical signs had disappeared. it is suggested that an asymptomatic phase of excretion may be a normal sequel to fcv i ... | 1977 | 905658 |
| replication of feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus in cell and organ cultures. | virus titers from feline herpesvirus-infected feline tracheal organ cultures were higher than those from feline kidney cell cultures. the time for the development of peak viral yields was longer in organ culture as compared to cell cultures. feline tracheal organ cultures infected with feline calicivirus produced minimal viral titers. | 1976 | 937794 |
| feline calicivirus: purification of virus and extraction and characterisation of its ribonucleic acid. | purification of feline calicivirus was achieved by cycles of differential centrifugation and two cycles of sucrose gradient centrifugation. feline calicivirus grown in the presence of actinomycin d and 3h-uridine-5, sediments in 15% to 45% sucrose gradients and forms a peak of radioactivity which corresponds with the peak of infectivity. ribonucleic acid (rna) extracted from the peak radioactive fractions taken from the sucrose gradient sedimented as a single peak ahead of the 28s peak of cellul ... | 1976 | 975839 |
| [a new virus of rabbit. iii. study on morphological superstructure and antigenicity of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv)]. | in the spring 1986, an acute infectious disease occurred in wuhan second producing medical manufactory, and the rabbit almost died. we tested the mortal symptom and confirmed rabbit hemorrhagic disease (rhd) as same as huang yinyao report. hubei traditional chinese medicine institute appear this rhd also. after we purified virus of above two source by low speed, high speed and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, they can react with antiserum of rhdv from nanjing agricultural university in a ... | 1992 | 1481531 |
| genomic 3' terminal sequence comparison of three isolates of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. | comparison of sequence data is necessary in older to investigate virus origins, identify features common to virulent strains, and characterize genomic organization within virus families. a virulent caliciviral disease of rabbits recently emerged in china. we have sequenced 1100 bases from the 3' ends of two independent european isolates of this virus, and compared these with previously determined calicivirus sequences. rabbit caliciviruses were closely related, despite the different countries in ... | 1992 | 1497750 |
| attempts to serologically classify feline caliciviruses on a national and an international basis. | a serological classification of five feline calicivirus (fcv) strains of swiss origin and 13 isolates of austrian origin was attempted. the antisera used had been prepared in rabbits against the five swiss strains and in goats against six american strains. homologous and heterologous neutralization tests were made in tube cultures using sera at dilutions that contained 20 antibody units, in unabsorbed sera at low dilution, and in sera after subjection to three consecutive absorptions with lyophi ... | 1976 | 992873 |
| feline calicivirus carrier state. a study of the host/virus relationship. | the inter-epidemic phase of feline calicivirus was studied in a number of cats. during this period animals asymptomatically shed infective virus which was monitored at a number of sites and during different environmental conditions. analysis of the amounts of virus shed by different cats showed that excretion occurred almost exclusively from the oropharynx, fluctuated with time, but was not influenced by periods of natural or artificial stress. viral excretion from one individual cat was fairly ... | 1976 | 999521 |
| an insect picornavirus may have genome organization similar to that of caliciviruses. | computer-assisted analysis of the amino acid sequence of the product encoded by the sequenced 3' portion of the cricket paralysis virus (crpv), an insect picornavirus, genome showed that this protein is homologous not to the rna-directed rna polymerases, as originally suggested, but to the capsid proteins of mammalian picornaviruses. alignment of the crpv protein sequence with those of picornavirus and calicivirus capsid proteins demonstrated that the sequenced portion of the insect picornavirus ... | 1992 | 1551442 |
| induction of immunity to feline caliciviral disease. | six specific-pathogen-free cats were exposed by aerosol to a feline calicivirus of low virulence (f-9 virus). homotypic (anti-f-9) seroconversion occurred in all cats by postexposure day 14. the serum of one cat on postexposure day 14 and four of six cats on postexposure day 35 neutralized feline picornavirus isolate no. 225 (fpv-255), a virulent feline calicivirus. homologous antiviral activity was detected before the appearance of heterologous (anti-fpv-255) activity and always was present in ... | 1975 | 1123251 |
| cross-protection among feline caliciviruses. | each of five groups of specific-pathogen-free and conventionally reared cats was infected with a different strain of feline calicivirus. two of the strains were pathogenic, producing characteristically fever, depression, loss of appetite, buccal ulceration, and occasionally increased ocular and nasal secretion. two of the other strains were midly pathogenic and associated with fever or buccal ulceration or both; the fifth strain was nonpathogenic. the two pathogenic strains plus three others sho ... | 1975 | 1173064 |
| pathogenicity of a strain of feline calicivirus for domestic kittens. | a strain of feline calicivirus, isolated from a cheetah exhibiting ulcerative glossitis and conjunctivitis, was administered by aerosol to 4 domestic cats and by contact to a fifth cat. despite the limited number of animals available for the experiment, the pathogenicity of the virus strain for domestic cats was established. in aerosol-infected animals, clinical signs were referable to infection of both upper and lower respiratory tracts. the virus produced an interstitial pneumonia which, early ... | 1975 | 1222003 |
| electron microscopic observation of feline kidney cells infected with a feline calicivirus. | an electron microscopic study of kitten kidney cells infected with a feline calicivirus (a member of the family picornaviridae) has been carried out. although cells appeared to be synchronised by the light microscope, electron microscopic changes were extremely variable. the first observable and consistent changes occurred in the nucleus followed by the formation of membrane bound vesicles in the cytoplasm. a variety of arrangements of virus particle accumulation were observed in infected cells. ... | 1975 | 1237279 |
| [rabbit hemorrhagic disease (rhd)--comparative diagnostic studies using the hemagglutination test and electron microscopy]. | a total of 56 liver specimens from rabbits with symptoms of rabbit haemorrhagic disease were tested for virus by electron microscopy (em) and haemagglutination (ha). both methods simultaneously gave positive or negative results in 28 or 22 cases, respectively. divergent results were obtained in only 6 samples. five of them were positive by em but negative by ha and in one specimen with a ha-titer of 1:32 virus could not be detected. | 1992 | 1315512 |
| european brown hare syndrome in the u.k.; a calicivirus related to but distinct from that of viral haemorrhagic disease in rabbits. | the virus recovered from cases of european brown hare syndrome in the u.k. contains one major capsid protein of approximately 60 k molecular weight and morphologically resembles known caliciviruses. it has been compared with a european isolate of rabbit haemorrhagic disease calicivirus and, although it shows some antigenic similarity, it is not identical. in transmission and protection studies the virus from u.k. hares failed to produce disease in rabbits and did not effectively protect against ... | 1992 | 1318711 |
| detection of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus antigen in tissues by immunohistochemistry. | formalin fixed liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung, duodenum and appendix tissues from nine rabbits, experimentally infected with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), were investigated for evidence of rhdv antigen by the direct avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical method. in all the rabbits examined, rhdv antigen was detected in degenerative and necrotic hepatocytes of the liver tissues. the area involved coincided with histopathological lesions on serial liver sections. the ... | 1992 | 1320285 |
| diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the european brown hare syndrome. | development of methods for the diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic disease and the european brown hare syndrome has proceeded at a steady pace over the last few years. the studies conducted by the authors demonstrate that, like vhdv, ebhsv is a calicivirus. the degree of correlation between the two viruses is a key question both for understanding their biology and interpreting the diagnostic results. a discussion of the similarities and differences between vhd and ebhs is followed by the presentatio ... | 1991 | 1662098 |
| evaluation of the immunogenicity of attenuated feline calicivirus vaccines by elisa. | an elisa test was developed to measure the levels of igg antibody in specific-pathogen-free (spf) cats immunised with two doses of an attenuated feline calicivirus (fcv) vaccine. all eight vaccinates were protected from virus challenge, but four out of five non-vaccinates were not. there was a significant difference in respect of protection from virus challenge between spf cats with and without three-fold or greater increase in antibody units (p = 0.01). each serum absorbance was standardised ag ... | 1992 | 1320788 |
| immunohistological diagnosis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd). | in the present study the diagnostic use of a biotinylated serum from an immune rabbit was investigated by means of an avidin-biotin-complex (abc)-peroxidase method on paraffin sections. 15 cases of rhd which had been verified histologically and/or by haemagglutination test (ha), 4 suspected cases and 3 cases without history of rhd were included (cases 1 to 22). from 5 prospective cases a wider tissue range was examined (cases 23 to 25 and 29 to 30). furthermore lungs, liver and placenta of 3 fet ... | 1992 | 1325718 |
| some physicochemical properties of the virus of rabbit haemorrhagic disease. | purified and concentrated preparations of virus from liver extracts of infected rabbits contain virus specific components with sedimentation coefficients of about 175, 110 and sometimes 133s and more slow units. full and empty virus particles with a diameter of about 34 nm were shown electron microscopically in the corresponding 175 and 110s fractions of the sucrose density gradient. the average of buoyant density of the 175, 133, 110s and more slow units are 1.36, 1.32 and 1.31 g/ml respectivel ... | 1992 | 1325722 |
| infection with small round structured viruses: england and wales 1981-1990. | infection with small round structured viruses (srsv) usually causes an acute, but short-lived, attack of gastroenteritis in which vomiting is a prominent feature. most documented outbreaks have occurred in institutional and catering establishments and infected food handlers are often implicated. reports of srsv infection have risen substantially during the last decade partly due to an increase in the number of laboratories able to examine samples for this organism. ascertainment is likely to rem ... | 1991 | 1669758 |
| what did our patients eat? | | 1991 | 1669789 |
| gastroenteritis associated with shellfish. | | 1991 | 1669888 |
| isolation of calicivirus from the joint of a kitten with arthritis. | calicivirus was isolated from the joint of a kitten that had pyrexia, upper respiratory tract disease, and severe shifting-limb lameness. marked mononuclear inflammation was found in the synovial fluid. calicivirus infection or live-virus vaccination previously had been associated with arthropathy, but virus had not been recovered from affected joints. calicivirus infection should be considered as a diagnosis in kittens with fever and arthralgia, especially if there is a history of recent vaccin ... | 1992 | 1328120 |
| hematological parameters and visceral lesions relationships in rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease. | twenty rabbits were inoculated with a suspension of viral hemorrhagic disease virus. hemostatic functions were assessed every sixth hour from 6 to 60 hours post-inoculation. tissue samples obtained at the same intervals allowed the study of the development of lesions throughout the experiment. biological signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) were detected on and after 30 h post-inoculation and consisted of prolonged one stage prothrombin time and activated partial thrombin time, ... | 1992 | 1329405 |
| viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbit: purification and characterization of a strain isolated in france. | the causative agent of rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease (vhd) was purified by cscl density gradient centrifugation from liver homogenates of rabbits infected with a strain of vhd virus isolated in france. electron microscopy observations revealed that the virions were icosahedral with a diameter of 33-35 nm, and with an average buoyant density of 1.33. structural proteins were investigated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. the results indicated the presence of a ma ... | 1992 | 1335715 |
| rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus--molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of a calicivirus genome. | the rna genome of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) was molecularly cloned. the 5' terminal sequence of the genomic rna was determined after pcr amplification of a g-tailed first strand cdna template. the cloned cdna allowed determination of the first complete caliciviral sequence encompassing 7437 nucleotides without poly(a) tail. the rhdv genome contains one long open reading frame of 2344 codons which in the 5' region encodes the nonstructural proteins. sequence comparison studies revea ... | 1991 | 1840711 |
| disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) in rabbit haemorrhagic disease. | seven rabbits experimentally infected with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus were examined haematologically and histologically. haematologically, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were markedly prolonged in the terminal phase of the disease, just prior to death (all the animals died between 27 and 40 hr after inoculation with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus). there was an increase in the titre of fibrin degradation products and a decrease in antithrombin iii activity d ... | 1992 | 1338394 |
| rabbit haemorrhagic disease: an investigation of some properties of the virus and evaluation of an inactivated vaccine. | an inactivated vaccine against rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd), developed and tested in our laboratory, is produced commercially by bioveta, ivanovice, czechoslovakia. rabbits developed full protection against infection 3 weeks after the administration of a single dose. antibodies were detectable from day 5 after vaccination. naturally acquired antibodies were demonstrated in some rabbits kept on commercial farms. the virus survived at least 225 days in an organ suspension kept at 4 degrees c, ... | 1991 | 1850893 |
| immunoelectron microscopy of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus using monoclonal antibodies. | five monoclonal antibodies (moabs) to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), prepared and tested in elisa, immunoperoxidase (ip) and immunofluorescence (if) test previously, reacted specifically in immunoelectron microscopy (iem), too. no differences in binding of individual moabs with full or empty rhdv particles were found by iem. | 1992 | 1363994 |
| astroviruses and caliciviruses: emerging enteric pathogens. | acute, infectious gastroenteritis is an extremely common disease that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. in the united states, it is the second most frequent illness encountered in families. while this illness generally runs a self-limited course, it may be temporarily incapacitating and impact substantially on numbers of days lost from work or school. at present, 30-40% of infectious gastroenteritis cases in the united states are attributable to viral agents, while ... | 1992 | 1365533 |
| immunologic responses in healthy random-source cats fed n,n-dimethylglycine-supplemented diets. | the immunomodulatory capacities of n,n-dimethylglycine (dmg) were examined in random-source cats. blood mononuclear leukocytes of healthy adult cats that had negative results to tests for felv and feline immunodeficiency virus were exposed in vitro to various concentrations of dmg (10 to 1,000 micrograms/ml) and were evaluated for proliferative responses to t- or b-cell phytomitogens. although increased, mean lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytolectins in dmg-treated cultures did not differ ... | 1992 | 1381880 |
| pathogenesis of gut virus infection. | in summary, the pathogenesis of many gut virus infections remains uncertain. however, human and animal studies indicate that the majority of gut viruses infect villous enterocytes. viruses appear to have different affinities for enterocytes at different sites on the villus. infection of enterocytes leads to cell death, extrusion into the lumen, and villous atrophy when the rate of cell production in the crypts cannot keep pace with the rate of enterocyte loss. this results in a reduced surface a ... | 1990 | 1962725 |
| human, small round structured viruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. | epidemiological studies on srsvs, human calicivirus and astroviruses have been limited by the problems of establishing them in cell culture and the inability to transmit them to animals or to use strains from animals as a source of antigen for diagnostic tests. the use of em and the subsequent development of rias and eias in a few research centres has shown that they are a cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhoea and vomiting. srsvs have increasingly been recognized as a major cause of ... | 1990 | 1962728 |
| hepatitis e: review. | hepatitis e is endemic, often provoking epidemics in many developing countries. it resembles hepatitis a clinically and epidemiologically but show a higher mortality rate and less infectiousness. several lines of evidence strongly support the assumption that humans become immunized once they contract hepatitis e. because of the low infectiousness, most of the adult population of endemic areas are susceptible to hepatitis e until an epidemic occurs, although they are almost always infected with h ... | 1992 | 1426862 |
| in vitro translation of a subgenomic mrna from purified virions of the spanish field isolate ast/89 of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv). | purified preparations of the spanish field isolate of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus ast/89 were found to contain the plus-stranded genomic rna of more than 7.4 kilobases (kb) and large amounts of a subgenomic mrna of 2.4 kb. the smaller rna was translated in vitro and shown to code for a 60 kda protein which was immunoprecipitated using anti-rhdv as well as anti-vp60 sera. | 1992 | 1441736 |
| viral agents of gastroenteritis. public health importance and outbreak management. | each year, infectious gastroenteritis causes greater than 210,000 children in the united states to be hospitalized and 4-10 million children to die worldwide. since the mid-1970s, knowledge has increased dramatically concerning the viral agents that are responsible for much of this public health burden. rotavirus, the most common cause of diarrhea among children, infects virtually every child in the united states by the age of 4 years and causes potentially lethal dehydration in 0.75% of childre ... | 1990 | 2157945 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of a feline calicivirus. | we have determined the complete sequence of a feline calicivirus. the virus genome is 7690 bases long and contains two large open reading frames. proteins specified by these have similarity to those encoded in the corresponding regions of a candidate calicivirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, but are distinctly different from those specified by another such virus, hepatitis e virus. a third, small open reading frame at the 3' end of the genome is present in both feline and rabbit viruses but ... | 1992 | 1529544 |
| nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of two serotypes of san miguel sea lion virus: identification of conserved and non-conserved amino acid sequences among calicivirus capsid proteins. | the san miguel sea lion viruses, members of the calicivirus family, are closely related to the vesicular disease of swine viruses which can cause severe disease in swine. in order to begin the molecular characterization of these viruses, the nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of two san miguel sea lion viruses (smsv), serotypes 1 and 4, was determined. the coding sequences for the capsid precursor protein were located within the 3' terminal 2620 bases of the genomic rnas of both viru ... | 1992 | 1529644 |
| outbreak of human calicivirus gastroenteritis in a day-care center in sydney, australia. | between january and march 1988, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among children and staff at a day-care center in sydney, new south wales, australia. over an 11-week period, 53 persons had 101 episodes of gastroenteritis; some patients had 5 separate episodes. the principal etiologic agent in the outbreak, human calicivirus (hcv), was detected by electron microscopy in 32% of fecal specimens from children and staff members with symptoms but in only 8% of asymptomatic individuals (p less t ... | 1991 | 1645369 |
| ultrastructural studies of the development of feline calicivirus in a feline embryo cell line. | the ultrastructural changes in a feline embryo continuous cell line infected with feline calicivirus at a multiplicity of infection of approximately 1 were studied. virus was found only in the cytoplasm and was observed as single particles, as extensive, non-regular accumulations, as paracrystalline arrays, and as single or multiple linear arrays associated with microfbrils. mature virus particles were readily distinguished from ribosomes in that they were larger (35nm diameter) and consisted of ... | 1975 | 1239254 |
| feline caliciviral disease: experimental immunoprophylaxis. | an attenuated feline calicivirus (fcv) was administered intramuscularly to specific-pathogen-free cats. vaccination did not cause signs of illness. oropharyngeal replication of attenuated fcv was not detected, nor was there evidence of virus transmission to contact-control cats. antiviral neutralizing antibody was present in the serum of all vaccinated cats 7 days after they were given the 2nd intramuscular dose of immunogen. vaccinated and control cats were challenge exposed to aerosols of a vi ... | 1976 | 1259224 |
| haemorrhagic disease of lagomorphs: evidence for a calicivirus. | studies on the aetiological agents of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) and european brown hare syndrome show that the viruses responsible for these infections can be placed in the family caliciviridae. established members of this group are vesicular exanthema virus (prototype), san miguel sea lion virus and feline calcivirus. the human hepatitis e virus and the norwalk agent may soon be included. the rhd virus genome consists of a positive stranded rna molecule composed of 7437 nucleotides. a m ... | 1992 | 1282757 |
| antibody response of captive cheetahs to modified-live feline virus vaccine. | the antibody response of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) to modified live virus vaccine against feline panleukopenia (fplv), herpes (fhv) and calici (fcv) viruses was assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the first year of study, 82 cheetahs were bled pre-vaccination. of these, antibody levels to fplv were found in 100% of the animals. only 54% were found to have antibodies to fhv and 99% had antibodies to fcv. one month after booster vaccination with the same vaccine ... | 1991 | 1661784 |
| identification of the viral haemorrhagic disease virus of rabbits as a calicivirus. | liver tissue from rabbits which had died of viral haemorrhagic disease (vhd) was used to identify the causative agent of the disease. after extraction of liver homogenates and density gradient ultracentrifugation, viral particles with buoyant densities between 1.32 to 1.38 g/ml and estimated sedimentation coefficients between 100 s and 175 s were obtained. the isolated virions were determined to have a diameter of 40 nm. the particles morphologically resembled those of the caliciviridae family, ... | 1991 | 1662097 |
| epidemiology and current situation of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the european brown hare syndrome in italy. | rabbit production is of considerable economic importance in italy. in the last thirty years, meat production has risen and the number of intensive husbandry establishments has grown. the major region of production (about 60%) lies in the northern part of the country. in addition, approximately one million live animals and more than 14,000 tons of meat are imported yearly. more than 150,000 hares are also imported for restocking and hunting purposes. during the second half of the 1980s a "new" di ... | 1991 | 1662099 |
| incidence, epizootiology and control of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the european brown hare syndrome in germany. | viral haemorrhagic disease (vhd) among domestic and wild rabbits and european brown hares have been observed in most of the federal states of germany. acute outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic disease are most prevalent in small, fancy domestic rabbitries, with mortality varying between 5 and 90%, while mostly sporadic losses due to vhd are seen among wild rabbits. in hares, accumulated losses from the european brown hare syndrome (ebhs) can occasionally be observed in areas where fresh green feed, ... | 1991 | 1662100 |
| etiology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease spontaneously occurring in korea. | causative agent of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) was purified by cscl density gradient centrifugation from the liver homogenate of rabbits infected with rhd virus which originated from korea. the viral particles were 35-40 nm in diameter, and had hollow depressions on their surface. protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy clearly showed that the convalescent antisera of diseased rabbits reacted specifically with the virus particles. sds-page and western blot analyses demonstrated that the s ... | 1991 | 1665631 |
| neutralizing epitopes of feline calicivirus. | a new collection of eighteen neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-moabs), raised against feline calicivirus (fcv), was used to analyze neutralizing epitopes of the f4 strain of fcv, the prototype strain of fcv in japan. by cross-neutralization tests with the 20 fcv strains including japanese. american, swiss, and new zealand isolates, the 18 n-moabs were categorized into six groups. one n-moab (1 d 7) neutralized all the strains tested: eight n-moabs neutralized only fcv-f 4; while the others n ... | 1991 | 1708228 |
| experimental transmission and electron microscopic demonstration of the virus of haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in czechoslovakia. | intramuscular administration of the filtrate of organ suspensions, prepared from a dead rabbit, killed 62.9% of inoculated rabbits within 1 to 5 days, while 93.3% died after intranasal administration of the same inoculum. the virus survived freeze-drying and was resistant to treatment with 0.4% formaldehyde when incubated at 37 degrees c for 1 hour and 4 degrees c for the subsequent 12 hours, but lost its infectivity when the treatment was prolonged to 3 hours at 37 degrees c and 3 days at room ... | 1989 | 2548357 |
| adaptation of the viral haemorrhagic disease virus of rabbits to the djrk cell strain. | liver emulsion of rabbits which had died of viral haemorrhagic disease (vhd) was inoculated onto djrk cell culture. after two passages, specific cytopathic effect was observed. immunofluorescence was found in the nucleus at the early stage of infection and later also in the cytoplasm. the virus propagated in cell culture at the fifth, tenth and sixteenth passages was found to cause typical vhd. electron microscopy showed that there were numerous virions in the infected cells. the cultured virus, ... | 1991 | 1760581 |
| viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in mexico: epidemiology and viral characterization. | a fatal disease of rabbits was first reported in the people's republic of china in 1984. since 1986, the disease has been reported in most countries of europe and in the republic of korea. in 1989 a similar disease, presumably linked to the importation of rabbit meat from the people's republic of china, spread rapidly through ten states in mexico; it was eradicated during the same year by "stamping-out" measures. in mexico, as was the case in other outbreaks, morbidity and mortality reached 80-9 ... | 1991 | 1760584 |
| antigenic relationships between human caliciviruses and norwalk virus. | we investigated antigenic relationships between human calicivirus (hcv) strains and norwalk virus by using immune electron microscopy (iem) and radioimmunoassay (ria). three serologically distinct hcv strains, uk1, uk2, and japan, were demonstrated by iem, as was evidence for two additional strains, uk3 and uk4. although hcv strains and norwalk virus were distinct by iem, 12 of 20 patients with gastroenteritis due to hcv uk4 and two of eight with gastroenteritis due to uk2 showed seroconversions ... | 1987 | 2821127 |
| isolation of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus from domestic cats 1980 to 1989. | isolation rates of feline herpesvirus (fhv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) from oropharyngeal swabs, taken from 6866 cats in 1980 to 1989 were studied retrospectively. fcv was isolated from 1364 (19.9 per cent) and fhv from 285 (4.2 per cent). the ratio of fcv:fhv isolations varied from 1.3:1 to 15:1 in individual years with an overall ratio of 4.8:1. isolation of both viruses was fairly uniform for each year and there was no breed or sex disposition to either virus. of 872 cats shedding fcv and 2 ... | 1991 | 1850183 |