| enzyme activities associated with an invertebrate iridovirus: nucleotide phosphohydrolase activity associated with iridescent virus type 6 (civ). | a nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity is firmly associated with a purified invertebrate iridovirus, iridescent virus type 6. the enzyme activity hydrolyzes all the nucleoside triphosphates, but has a high preference for atp. the products of the reaction are nucleoside diphosphates. conditions for nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity are described. | 1976 | 7681 |
| an iridovirus from bees. | an iridovirus, apis iridescent virus (aiv), isolated from sick adult specimens of apis cerana (hymenoptera) from kashmir, closely resembles iridescent viruses from tipula and sericesthis spp. (tiv and siv). however, aiv is only distantly related serologically to tiv and siv and is even more remotely related to several other similar viruses that were tested in tube precipitation tests with intact particles. aiv multiplies in apis mellifera, forming cytoplasmic iridescent crystalline aggregates in ... | 1976 | 58966 |
| cell fusion induced by invertebrate virus. brief report. | inoculation of invertebrate cells with chilo iridescent virus (civ) leads rapidly to massive formation of syncytia. this polykaryocytosis occurs at a high multiplicity of infection and does not require viral genome expression. thus, cell fusion appears in non permissive conditions, and civ suspensions rendered non infections by uv irradiation still retain the ability to produce rapid and extensive cell fusion. in the same way, some polykaryocytes could be detected in vertebrate cells (cv1 cell l ... | 1979 | 117787 |
| [electron microscopy studies of the early stages of mosquito cell infection in vitro by the chilo iridescent virus and the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (author's transl)]. | the early stage of the viral infection in vitro of mosquito cells were studied by electron microscopy using a microculture technique. we demonstrate in this paper that two viruses: iridescent (civ) and herpetic (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) can enter by viropexis and be uncoated in several lines of mosquito cells. | 1976 | 176972 |
| a seroepizootiologic study of five viruses in a swine-evaluation station. | this serologic study was done to gain information on the spread, maintenance, and effect upon performance of five porcine viruses. blood samples were taken from two groups of 8- to 11-week-old pigs from a large number of indiana swine herds in a performance-testing station 1 week after entry, 7 weeks after entry (one group only), and at slaughter. the sera were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody tests for antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), swine influenza virus (siv), ... | 1979 | 230762 |
| [study of the structural polypeptides of chilo suppressalis iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6)]. | we report a procedure for the purification of chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6), an evaluation of the purification procedure, and the results of analyses of the virion proteins by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. purity was evaluated in three ways, i.e., by analysis of purified virions from artificial mixtures of infected and labeled uninfected larvae, electrophoresis at neutral ph, and electron-microscopic examination. analysis of the polypeptides of purified civ gave the following resu ... | 1979 | 476558 |
| surveillance of iowa swine herds for influenza-like illness: combined serologic and virus isolation method. | five iowa swine herds (involving about 7,000 swine) were placed under surveillance for signs of influenza-like illness. blood samples for hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests of serums and nasal secretions on swabs for viral isolation were collected from 20 feeder swine in each herd at the outset of surveillance. on the basis of results of hi tests, 6 swine in each herd tested were chosen to be resampled 6 weeks after the first blood sample was collected if swine influenza virus (siv) was not ... | 1975 | 1115416 |
| morphologic heterogeneity of a strain of swine influenza virus (a/swine/wisconsin/1/68, hsw1n1) propagated at different temperatures. | strain a/swine/wisconsin/1/68 (wi/68) swine influenza virus (siv) was propagated in embryonating chicken eggs at 33, 35, or 37 c. the siv harvested from eggs incubated at 33 c invariably had higher hemagglutination (ha) and egg infectivity titers than did siv propagated in eggs at the 2 higher temperatures. when siv inoculum propagated at 33 c was inoculated into separate groups of eggs and incubated at 33, 35, and 37 c, the siv harvested from inoculum incubated at the 2 higher temperatures had ... | 1975 | 1200448 |
| infection of macaque monkeys with a chimeric human and simian immunodeficiency virus. | two macaque monkeys were inoculated with a chimeric human and simian immunodeficiency virus carrying the tat, rev, vpu and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. infectious virus was recovered from one of the monkeys at 2 and 6 weeks post-infection. the hybrid nature of the isolated viruses was verified by southern and western blotting analyses. both of the monkeys infected with the chimera elicited a humoral antibody response against the virus. | 1992 | 1279105 |
| elevated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in aids encephalitis induced by simian immunodeficiency virus. | aids encephalitis is a common sequela to hiv-1 infection in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) infection in macaques. although lentiviral-infected macrophages comprise parenchymal inflammatory infiltrates in affected brain tissue, the mechanisms responsible for leukocyte trafficking to the central nervous system in aids are unknown. in this study, we investigated the expression of various endothelial-derived leukocyte adhesion proteins in sivmac-induced aids encephalitis. encephal ... | 1992 | 1279978 |
| cd4 activation of hiv fusion. | the primary cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) is the cd4 antigen. hiv infection of cd4+ cells is initiated by binding of the virus to the cell surface, via a high affinity interaction between cd4 and the hiv outer envelope glycoprotein, gp120. the development of model systems using soluble recombinant forms of cd4 (scd4) has allowed kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of cd4 binding to gp120, and study of the post-binding events leading to ... | 1992 | 1281202 |
| development of a vaccine for the prevention of aids, a critical appraisal. | the pathogenesis and clinical expression of hiv-1 infection in humans is considered in terms of classical pathogenetic studies of viral infections for which successful vaccines have been produced. the unique features of hiv pathogenesis are defined, and gaps in knowledge identified as a framework for considering designs for immune intervention. envelope-derived candidate vaccines have been used in immunization and challenge experiments in siv/macaque or hiv/chimpanzee models, presented either as ... | 1992 | 1281948 |
| on the early emergence of reverse transcription: theoretical basis and experimental evidence. | reverse transcriptase (rt) was first discovered as an essential catalyst in the biological cycle of retroviruses. however, in the past years evidence has accumulated showing that rts are involved in a surprisingly large number of rna-mediated transpositional events that include both viral and nonviral genetic entities. although it is probable that some rt-bearing genetic elements like the different types of aids viruses and the mammalian line family have arisen in recent geological times, the po ... | 1992 | 1282161 |
| mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus action of polyoxometalates, a class of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. | various polyoxometalates proved inhibitory to the replication of a number of enveloped dna and rna viruses, i.e., herpesviruses (herpes simplex and cytomegalo), togaviruses (sindbis), paramyxoviruses (respiratory syncytial), rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis), arenaviruses (junin and tacaribe), and retroviruses [human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2), simian immunodeficiency virus, and murine sarcoma virus]. the most potent compounds, i.e., jm1590 [k13[ce(siw11o39)2]. 2 ... | 1992 | 1282664 |
| [opportunistic malignant lymphomas in siv infected primates--a model for epstein-barr virus associated lymphomas in aids]. | in a series of 33 cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), strain smm3, 13 animals developed malignant non-hodgkin lymphomas. these lymphomas presented with unusual primary manifestations like in the orbita, testes, and brain. the morphological features and immunophenotyping identified the tumors as high malignant b-cell lymphomas. in all tumors as well as in tumor-derived cell lines a cynomolgus b-lymphotropic herpes virus (cblv) ... | 1992 | 1283256 |
| selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency viruses by racemates and enantiomers of cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine. | 2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine (ftc) has been shown to be a potent and selective compound against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in acutely infected primary human lymphocytes. ftc is also active against human immunodeficiency virus type 2, simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus in various cell culture systems, including human monocytes. the antiviral activity can be prevented by 2'-deoxycytidine, but not by other natural nucleosides, suggesting that ftc mus ... | 1992 | 1283296 |
| transmission studies with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques; persistent infection of baboons. | the host range of sivmac was investigated in three monkey species. blood-borne and cell-adapted virus inocula obtained from a rhesus macaque infected with sivmac251 were compared. african green monkeys were not susceptible to infection, whereas baboons and rhesus macaques became persistently infected and showed similar patterns of seroconversion. however, in contrast to the macaques, no clinical or histopathological evidence of disease was seen in the baboons 2 years after virus inoculation. thu ... | 1992 | 1293067 |
| purification of core-binding factor, a protein that binds the conserved core site in murine leukemia virus enhancers. | the moloney murine leukemia virus causes thymic leukemias when injected into newborn mice. a major genetic determinant of the thymic disease specificity of the moloney virus genetically maps to two protein binding sites in the moloney virus enhancer, the leukemia virus factor b site and the adjacent core site. point mutations introduced into either of these sites significantly shifts the disease specificity of the moloney virus from thymic leukemia to erythroleukemia (n. a. speck, b. renjifo, e. ... | 1992 | 1309596 |
| propagation of siv vectors by genetic complementation with a heterologous env gene. | in order to study siv replication over a single round of replication virus particles were generated that contain a replication-defective vector containing a selectable marker. genetic complementation between an env-deficient siv variant and plasmid that expresses the env gene of an amphotropic murine retrovirus resulted in infectious siv particles containing the vector. these pseudotyped particles exhibited an expanded host range through the use of an alternative receptor. this system should be ... | 1992 | 1310604 |
| detection of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i using the polymerase chain reaction. | to develop the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) infection, cell lines or peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 2 non-human primate species [african green monkeys (agm), cercopithecus aethiops; baboon, papio cynocephalus] were evaluated for their stlv-i status using oligonucleotide primer pairs and probes specific for the tax and pol gene regions of the closely related human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i). these pcr re ... | 1992 | 1312066 |
| fusogenic segments of bovine leukemia virus and simian immunodeficiency virus are interchangeable and mediate fusion by means of oblique insertion in the lipid bilayer of their target cells. | modified bovine leukemia virus (blv) glycoproteins were expressed by using vaccinia virus recombinants, and their fusogenic capacities were examined by a syncytia-formation assay. this analysis indicates that (i) both blv envelope glycoproteins gp51 and gp30 are necessary for cell fusion; (ii) insertion of the n-terminal segment of gp30 (fusion peptide) into the lipid bilayer in an oblique orientation, as predicted by computer conformational analysis, results in fusogenic capacities higher than ... | 1992 | 1315040 |
| a comparison of regulatory features in primate lentiviruses. | historically, research into the regulation of gene expression in primate lentiviruses has focused on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), the primary cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in humans. the increasing emergence of hiv-2 as a human pathogen, and the importance of the various simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv) as models for the treatment and prevention of hiv-1-induced disease, suggest that an understanding of gene regulation in these related viruses will becom ... | 1992 | 1315144 |
| the effect of contraceptives containing nonoxynol-9 on the genital transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus macaques. | the ability of two nonoxynol-9 spermicide preparations to prevent the genital transmission of siv in rhesus macaques was compared. administration of one ml of contraceptive foam before the intravaginal inoculation of cell-free siv prevented the genital transmission of siv to three of six animals, and using one ml of contraceptive gel prevented the genital transmission of siv to two of six animals. thus, both contraceptive foams and gels containing nonoxynol-9 provided protection against the geni ... | 1992 | 1315297 |
| predominant use of a t-cell receptor v beta gene family in simian immunodeficiency virus gag-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in a rhesus monkey. | to explore the structural basis for aids virus recognition by cd8+ lymphocytes, we sought to determine whether there is a diverse or restricted usage of t-cell receptors (tcr) by simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac) gag-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) in the rhesus monkey. six gag-specific ctl clones were independently generated from an sivmac-infected rhesus monkey. all six ctl clones recognized a single sivmac gag peptide in association with a single major histocompatibili ... | 1992 | 1316491 |
| development of a monoclonal antibody-based p24 capsid antigen detection assay for htlv-i, htlv-ii, and stlv-i infection. | a monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and employed to detect p24 capsid antigen from human t-cell lymphotropic viruses type i and ii (htlv-i, htlv-ii), simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i)-infected cell lines, and from mononuclear cell cocultures of htlv-infected humans and stlv-i infected monkeys. a monoclonal antibody specific for htlv p24 and p53 capsid antigens was coated onto 96-well microtiter plates to capture htlv/ ... | 1992 | 1318063 |
| evidence for a lentiviral etiology in an epizootic of immune deficiency and lymphoma in stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides). | a retrospective study determined that an epizootic of immune suppression and lymphoma in stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides) that began in 1976 was associated with a horizontally spread lentivirus infection. this conclusion was based on serology, epidemiology, pathology, and virus isolation. the lesions found in the stump-tailed macaques were more compatible with lesions seen in siv-infected rhesus than those seen in rhesus macaques infected with type d retroviruses. a lentivirus, isolated ... | 1992 | 1318381 |
| production of feline immunodeficiency virus in feline and non-feline non-lymphoid cell lines by transfection of an infectious molecular clone. | an infectious molecular clone of the tm1 strain of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was transfected into each of one feline (crfk), two simian (cos and vero) and two human (sw480 and hela) non-lymphoid cell lines, and virus production was assayed on feline t lymphoblastoid mya-1 cells by monitoring reverse transcriptase activity. infectious virus was produced in crfk, vero and hela cells, but not in cos and sw480 cells. when the basal promoter activity of the fiv long terminal repeat (ltr) wa ... | 1992 | 1318947 |
| a monkey model for epstein barr virus-associated lymphomagenesis in human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | high-grade malignant nonhodgkin's lymphomas--five lymphoblastic, three pleomorphic, and two immunoblastic--developed in 10/25 cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) followed for up to 746 d after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus, strain sivsm. these lymphomas were shown to be associated with an epstein-barr (eb)-like cynomolgus b-lymphotropic herpesvirus (cblv) by electron microscopy, by southern blot hybridization with probes against human ebv, and by the expression of antigens co ... | 1992 | 1319458 |
| comparison of early and late feline immunodeficiency virus encephalopathies. | the study of the early and late stages of encephalopathy following infection by the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was carried out with laboratory and naturally infected cats. | 1992 | 1319717 |
| major core proteins, p24s, of human, simian, and feline immunodeficiency viruses are partly expressed on the surface of the virus-infected cells. | we have previously shown the expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) major gag protein, p24, on the surface of persistently hiv-1-infected cells by using murine monoclonal antibodies (mab). we now report that the cell surface gag p24 antigen expression is a universal phenomenon among hiv-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the mabs prepared by immunization with purified hiv-1 particles were used as antibodies cross-reactive to hiv-1 ... | 1992 | 1326145 |
| expression of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) proteinase in e. coli. | | 1992 | 1327907 |
| genetic analysis of simian virus 40 from brains and kidneys of macaque monkeys. | simian virus 40 (sv40) was isolated from the brains of three rhesus monkeys and the kidneys of two other rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus-induced immunodeficiency. a striking feature of these five cases was the tissue specificity of the sv40 replication. sv40 was also isolated from the kidney of a taiwanese rock macaque with immunodeficiency probably caused by type d retrovirus infection. multiple full-length clones were derived from all six fresh sv40 isolates, and two separate ... | 1992 | 1328671 |
| preparative separation of foreign antigens for highly efficient presentation to t cells in vitro. | a method is described for the separation and purification of proteins from complex mixtures of foreign antigens in a form suitable for stimulating t cells in vitro. the technique involves electrophoretic separation of proteins followed by elution, concentration and adsorption of the polypeptide subunits to latex microspheres. alternatively, where a specific antibody is available, proteins may be affinity-purified from a heterogeneous mixture of antigens, using antibody-coated latex microspheres. ... | 1992 | 1335464 |
| computer analysis of the amino acid sequences in gp41 of apathogenic african green monkey (agm) virus, less pathogenic hiv-2 and highly pathogenic siv and hiv-1 lentiviruses. | the bestfit computer program was used to compare the amino acid sequence of the gp160 envelope glycoprotein of an apathogenic agm and the pathogenic sivagm monkey lentiviruses. it was found that the gp120 envelope glycoproteins of these viruses resembled each other in their functional domains. however, an insert of 40 amino acids was found in the gp41 envelope glycoproteins of the pathogenic sivagm virus in the amino acid sequence between the membrane anchoring sequence and the carboxyterminus. ... | 1992 | 1335629 |
| intrarectal challenge of macaques vaccinated with formalin-inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus. | macaques can be protected from intravenous infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) by vaccination with chemically inactivated virus. however, protection against infection via a mucosal surface has not been demonstrated. we vaccinated four rhesus macaques with formalin-inactivated siv given intramuscularly. these monkeys, which had remained virus free for 10 months after intravenous challenge with siv, were given a further dose of vaccine and together with four unvaccinated controls we ... | 1992 | 1346285 |
| clinical features and predictive markers of disease progression in cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | to study the pathogenicity of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsm) in cynomolgus monkeys in order to establish an animal model for human aids. | 1992 | 1348944 |
| macaque cd4+ t-cell subsets: influence of activation on infection by simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv). | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infects a small number of cd4+ t cells including "memory" t cells. the following describes the cell surface markers which may delineate subsets of cd4+ memory t cells and reviews how memory cd4+ t cells are activated and regulated through the t-cell receptor and such accessory receptors as cd28. the factors which may influence initial expression and infection of t cells by cd4 are discussed. unlike activated and infected t cells, unstimulated cd4+ t cells have ... | 1992 | 1349228 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte response against multiple simian immunodeficiency virusa (siv) proteins in siv-infected macaques. | to identify the target proteins of cd8+ t lymphocytes we have explored the cytolytic immune responses of 12 rhesus macaques experimentally infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac). target cells were autologous b cell lines presenting sivmac proteins after infection with recombinant vaccinia viruses. the eight following proteins were studied: env, pol, gag, nef, vif, rev, tat, and vpx. macaque pbmc stimulated with con a and expanded in t cell growth factor-containing medium produc ... | 1992 | 1349322 |
| tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 production during interaction between activated cd4+ lymphocytes and simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macrophages. | the mechanism for the gradual loss of cd4+ t lymphocytes and the development of the slowly progressive inflammatory/degenerative lesions that accompany human immunodeficiency virus infection are poorly understood. using the simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) macaque model of aids, we found that persistently infected primary macrophages fuse with primary activated cd4+ lymphocytes and that this interaction results in production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) and interleukin 6 (il ... | 1992 | 1350303 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus needlestick accident in a laboratory worker. | the macaque monkey infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is an animal model of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. we investigated a laboratory worker who was exposed by needlestick accident to blood from an siv-infected macaque. seroreactivity to siv developed within 3 months of exposure, with antibody titres peaking from the third to the fifth month and declining thereafter. polymerase chain reaction for siv sequences and cultures of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells failed to ... | 1992 | 1353193 |
| prevention of hiv-2 and siv infections in cynomolgus macaques by prophylactic treatment with 3'-fluorothymidine. | the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) for in vivo evaluation of antiviral drugs in monkeys and to study if prophylactic treatment with 3'-fluorothymidine (flt) could prevent infection against a low challenge dose of hiv-2 or simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). protection against infection was assessed by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) as well as by antibody and ... | 1992 | 1355658 |
| potential significance of the cellular immune response against the macaque strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) in immunized and infected rhesus macaques. | the cellular immune response of seven rhesus macaques immunized with tween-ether-treated macaque strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) and three non-vaccinated control animals was investigated. immunization elicited antigen-specific proliferating cd4+ cells in five of seven monkeys. proliferating t cells were found in all animals protected from a first virus challenge. cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) were not induced by the immunization. after the second challenge, the four formerly pr ... | 1992 | 1357081 |
| correlates of siv encephalitis in rhesus monkeys. | necropsy records from 204 siv-infected rhesus monkeys that had been inoculated with various strains of siv and had died of siv-related disease were reviewed. the relationship of siv encephalitis with other parameters was evaluated. encephalitis was associated with the presence of syncytial cells in other tissues, with persistent or early recurrent antigenemia, with a selective decrease in cd4+cd29+ blood lymphocytes, and with a shortened time of survival. monkeys whose lymphocytes produced high ... | 1992 | 1359149 |
| induction of mucosal and systemic immunity to a recombinant simian immunodeficiency viral protein. | heterosexual transmission through the cervico-vaginal mucosa is the principal route of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in africa and is increasing in the united states and europe. vaginal immunization with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) had not yet been studied in nonhuman primates. immune responses in macaques were investigated by stimulation of the genital and gut-associated lymphoid tissue with a recombinant, particulate siv antigen. vaginal, followed by oral, administration ... | 1992 | 1360702 |
| three epitopic peptides of the simian immunodeficiency virus nef protein recognized by macaque cytolytic t lymphocytes. | in 8 of 12 experimentally infected macaques, the nef sivmac 251 protein was recognized by cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) and appeared strongly immunogenic. here, we report experiments which have been performed by using synthetic peptides to precisely determine the epitopes recognized by macaque ctl. three epitopes of the nef protein have been defined as ctl targets in three macaques. the epitopic peptides are located in the central region of the protein, and all of them show high homology with pe ... | 1992 | 1370557 |
| identification of b-cell antigenic sites on hiv-2 gp125. | synthetic peptides were used to identify continuous antigenic sites on the external envelope glycoprotein gp125 of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2. initially, seven hiv-2-positive human serum samples were screened with 172 sequential nonapeptides containing a six-amino-acid overlap. this represents the entire gp125 molecule of hiv-2isy. the antibody reactivity was found to be mainly restricted to 14 regions within gp125. following these results, 33 longer peptides, 15-24 amino acids in leng ... | 1992 | 1370692 |
| the principal neutralization determinant of simian immunodeficiency virus differs from that of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | to identify the principal neutralization determinant (pnd) of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), antisera were generated using recombinant gp110 [the siv analog of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) external envelope glycoprotein, gp120], gp140, several large recombinant and proteolytic envelope fragments, and synthetic peptides of the sivmac251 isolate. when purified under conditions that retain its native structure, gp110 bound cd4 and elicited antisera that neutralized sivmac25 ... | 1992 | 1371358 |
| construction of solid matrix-antibody-antigen complexes containing simian immunodeficiency virus p27 using tag-specific monoclonal antibody and tag-linked antigen. | we have previously shown that immunization with solid matrix-antigen-antibody (smaa) complexes induces both vigorous humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and have suggested that this method of vaccination may be developed for use in humans, and potentially as a vaccine against aids. here we demonstrate that a small oligopeptide can act as a tag for the construction of smaa complexes using a tag-specific monoclonal antibody and tag-linked antigens. we show that a 14-amino acid oligopeptide, ... | 1992 | 1372038 |
| characterization of the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction products of sivagmtyo-7, a simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from an african green monkey. | the products of the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction of sivagmtyo-7 were characterized after the reaction conditions had been optimized. the major reaction product in the presence of actinomycin d and oligo(dt) was a dna with a size of 300 bases. without actinomycin d two additional reaction products with 600 or 700 bases appeared. the 300 base product was identified as the (-)strong-stop dna, whereas the 700 base product is the (+)strong-stop dna. the 600 base product appeared only aft ... | 1992 | 1373556 |
| cross-neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. | in contrast to infrequent and low-titer cross-neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) isolates by hiv-2- and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-positive sera, extensive cross-neutralization of hiv-2nih-z, sivmac251, and sivagm208k occurs with high titer, suggesting conservation of epitopes and mechanism(s) of neutralization. the v3 regions of hiv-2 and siv isolates, minimally related to the hiv-1 homolog, share significant sequence homology and are immunogenic in monkeys a ... | 1992 | 1374810 |
| localisation of three epitopes of the env protein of feline immunodeficiency virus. | the envelope protein of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was analyzed using several epitope prediction programs based on profiles of hydrophilicity, antigenicity, and probability of residues to lie on the protein surface. tentative homologies with the immunodominant epitope sites in simian virus (siv) or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) such as the v3 loop, the site of cleavage between surface envelope protein (su) and transmembrane envelope protein (tm), and sites of n-glycosylation we ... | 1992 | 1374840 |
| 2',5'-bis-o-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''- oxathiole-2'',2'-dioxide)pyrimidine (tsao) nucleoside analogues: highlyselective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that are targeted at the viral reverse transcriptase. | a series of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues containing [2',5'-bis-o-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino- 1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide)]-beta-d-ribofuranose as the pentose were found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [hiv-1(iiib)] replication at a concentration of 0.06-0.8 microm but were not cytotoxic at a 1000- to 10,000-fold higher concentration. these nucleoside derivatives were also effective against various other hiv-1 strains, including those resistant to 3' ... | 1992 | 1374900 |
| pcr amplification of large genomic fragments from human and simian immunodeficiency virus infected cell lines. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been used to amplify the large fragments from viral genomic dna of siv from wild caught, asymptomatic erythrocebus monkeys from western africa (senegal) and also from hiv-2 infected cell lines. by using consensus primer sequences from highly conserved stretches of gag, pol and env genes, two halves of the viral genome of hiv-2 and siv (isolated from west african erythrocebus monkeys) have amplified by pcr. one half spans 5200 bp from within the u3 region of th ... | 1992 | 1375701 |
| propagation and characterization of novel canine lentivirus isolated from a dog. | we have recently isolated a novel canine lentivirus (canine immunodeficiency virus, [civ]) from a leukemic dog. the virus was isolated from buffy coat cells obtained from the leukemic dog co-cultivated with indicator cells. the virus particles encode a reverse transcriptase with a preference for magnesium, have a density of 1.16 g/ml in sucrose, and induce syncytia in permissive cell lines such as himalayan tahr ovary and canine fetal thymus. civ replicates to high titer and highly purified viru ... | 1992 | 1376381 |
| simian virus 40-induced disease in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | simian virus 40 (sv40) disease was diagnosed in four rhesus monkeys that died with siv-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). one juvenile monkey seroconverted for sv40 6 months after inoculation with siv and developed severe bilateral tubulointerstitial nephritis. in contrast, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) occurred in two adult monkeys that were seropositive for sv40 before siv inoculation, as well as a third adult that was naturally infected with siv and seroposi ... | 1992 | 1376560 |
| enhancing the immunogenicity of a permissive binding t cell epitope derived from the simian immunodeficiency virus-encoded negative regulatory factor. | using the murine system we have analyzed an immunogenic t cell peptide epitope corresponding to amino acids 96-112 of the simian immunodeficiency virus-negative regulatory protein sequence. this epitope was unusual in that it was strongly immunogenic in mice of five of the six h-2 haplotypes tested. we generated a t cell hybridoma (svnf) specific for this peptide in order to determine how manipulating the peptide might alter its immunogenicity. substitution analysis showed that his 103, pro 104, ... | 1992 | 1378068 |
| differential inhibitory effects of tibo derivatives on different strains of simian immunodeficiency virus. | recently, several classes of compounds have been shown to be extremely selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication in vitro. these include the tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1h)-one and -thione (tibo), 1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-6-(phenylthio)-thymine (hept), dipyridodiazepinone, pyridinone and bis(heteroaryl)piperazine derivatives. the hallmark of these new antiviral compounds is a specific interaction with reverse transcriptase (rt) of hiv- ... | 1992 | 1378481 |
| interstitial pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | interstitial pneumonia unrelated to pneumocystis carinii or other infections was observed histopathologically in 5 of 25 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the predominant lesion was lymphocytic infiltration of interalveolar septa and hyperplasia of peribronchial and perivascular lymphoid tissue. immunohistochemical staining using a panel of antibodies against human t and b lymphocytes, macrophages, and immunoglobulins showed that peribronchial aggregates and inter ... | 1992 | 1378892 |
| identification of two neutralizing and 8 non-neutralizing epitopes on simian immunodeficiency virus envelope using monoclonal antibodies. | ten new monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to siv envelope were produced and characterized. using a panel of 28 mabs, 10 antibody binding sites on siv envelope protein were identified. seven sites were located in gp120 and three in gp41. five sites in gp120 and two in gp41 were defined by overlapping peptides. the remaining two sites on gp120 and one on gp41 were distinguished by competition binding assays but could not be defined by overlapping peptides, suggesting that they were discontinuous or con ... | 1992 | 1380261 |
| identification of broadly reactive continuous antigenic determinants of simian immunodeficiency virus glycoproteins. | the env polyprotein sequences of several simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolates were analyzed using computer algorithms designed to predict immunologically reactive protein segments. peptides corresponding to predicted epitopes were synthesized and employed in peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) screening of serum panels from experimentally infected macaques, as well as naturally infected, asymptomatic mangabeys and african green monkeys. several of the peptides are recognize ... | 1992 | 1380262 |
| identification of a neutralizing domain in the external envelope glycoprotein of simian immunodeficiency virus. | two murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs), designated matg2014 and matg2033, were generated. they are reactive with the external envelope glycoprotein gp130 of the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaque monkey (sivmac251), and display a cell-free virus neutralizing activity in vitro. in addition, matg2014 cross-reacts with hiv-2rod gp140. epitope mapping of these mabs was performed by screening and sivmac peptide library expressed in yeast and confirmed using synthetic peptides. matg2014 and mat ... | 1992 | 1380263 |
| heterogeneity in the recognition of the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein by cd4+ t cell clones from immunized macaques. | cd4+ t cell recognition of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) surface envelope (env) glycoprotein was examined by using a panel of 10 t cell lines and 4 t cell clones derived from 10 individual macaques immunized with inactivated siv or recombinant siv env proteins. the results demonstrated that cd4+ t cells from each animal recognized between 1 and 7 peptides in 4 distinct regions of the protein including both variable and conserved domains. mlr of pbmc from selected macaques together with ... | 1992 | 1383339 |
| identification of a gag protein epitope conserved among all four groups of primate immunodeficiency viruses by using monoclonal antibodies. | five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against the gag proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) from african green monkey (sivagmtyo-7). two mabs reacted with the matrix protein p17 and the other three with the core protein p24. studies on the cross-reactivity of the mabs revealed that the anti-p24 mabs detected an epitope shared by the viruses belonging to the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)/sivmac group and sivagmtyo-7 and sivagmtyo-5. the anti-p17 mabs recognized an ... | 1992 | 1383399 |
| highly conserved epitope domain in major core protein p24 is structurally similar among human, simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses. | linear b cell epitopes were mapped on the major core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), simian immunodeficiency virus (sivagm) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) using a fusion protein-based method and murine monoclonal antibodies reactive against the p24 antigens expressed on the surface of hiv-1- and fiv-infected cells. the results suggest that the sites identified here are encoded at similar positions in the three virus genomes and consist of highly conserved epi ... | 1992 | 1383411 |
| shared antigenic epitopes of the major core proteins of human and simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. | antigenic epitopes on the major core (gag) protein of isolates of simian and human immunodeficiency virus (siv and hiv) were compared using a panel of eleven mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognized nine distinct gag epitopes. viral isolates used for comparison were hiv-1iiib, hiv-2rod, and siv isolates from macaque (sivmac), sooty mangabey (sivsm-ucd), african green monkey (sivagm), and stump-tailed macaque (sivstm-ucd). the relatedness of the various hiv and siv isolates, as determin ... | 1992 | 1383547 |
| anti-human immunodeficiency virus effects of cationic metalloporphyrin-ellipticine complexes. | a series of cationic metalloporphyrin-ellipticine complexes were found to inhibit the cytopathicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus in mt-4 cells at concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 17 micrograms/ml, i.e. at a concentration that was 2.5-30-fold below the cytotoxicity threshold. these compounds were also found to inhibit syncytium formation between persistently hiv-1-infected hut-78 and uninfected molt/4 cells, to interfere with hiv-1 binding to ... | 1992 | 1384504 |
| pathological changes in the reproductive tract of male rhesus monkeys associated with age and simian aids. | the pathological changes associated with ageing and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection in groups of immature, adult and ageing rhesus monkeys were studied. eighty three per cent (5 of 6) of uninfected ageing animals had hyperplasia of the prostate, 33 per cent (2 of 6) had mild prostatitis and in 66 per cent (4 of 6) there were calcified concretions in the seminal vesicles. the testes were normal and showed active spermatogenesis. in the siv-infected animals, two types of lesion occur ... | 1992 | 1385497 |
| use of protein unfolding studies to determine the conformational and dimeric stabilities of hiv-1 and siv proteases. | the free energies of dimer dissociation of the retroviral proteases (prs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were determined by measuring the effects of denaturants on the protein fluorescence upon the unfolding of the enzymes. hiv-1 pr was more stable to denaturation by chaotropes and extremes of ph and temperature than siv pr, indicating that the former enzyme has greater conformational stability. the urea unfolding curves of both proteases w ... | 1992 | 1390732 |
| protection in simian immunodeficiency virus-vaccinated monkeys correlates with anti-hla class i antibody response. | our earlier reports demonstrated that cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with either inactivated partially purified simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), fixed siv-infected c8166 (a human t lymphoblastoid cell line) cells, or fixed uninfected c8166 cells can be protected against a challenge infection with the 32h isolate of sivmac 251 (grown in c8166) (stott, e. j., w. l. chan, k. h. g. mills, m. page, f. taffs, m. cranage, p. greenway, and p. kitchin. 1990. lancet. 336:1538; stott, e. j., p. a. kitc ... | 1992 | 1402662 |
| stimulation of specific immune responses to simian immunodeficiency virus using chimeric hepatitis b core antigen particles. | subunit approaches to vaccines against viral diseases have resulted in the development of a number of methods for presentation of defined epitopes to the immune system. we have exploited a highly immunogenic presentation system based on hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) particles to produce a number of candidate vaccines against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). recombinant particles have been produced in bacteria which carry multiple copies of defined or predicted neutralizing epitopes of siv ... | 1992 | 1402801 |
| sera from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. | rhesus macaque monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) develop a syndrome mimicking acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in humans. we had demonstrated previously that sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes from healthy noninfected subjects and that this phenomenon was associated with the development of clinical aids. thus, we sought to determine whether sera from siv-infected monkeys would also i ... | 1992 | 1403349 |
| coexpression of the simian immunodeficiency virus env and rev proteins by a recombinant human adenovirus host range mutant. | recombinant human adenoviruses (ads) that replicate in the intestinal tract offer a novel, yet practical, means of immunoprophylaxis against a wide variety of viral and bacterial pathogens. for some infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the potential for residual infectious material in vaccine preparations must be eliminated. therefore, recombinant human ads that express noninfectious hiv or other microbial proteins are attractive vaccine candidates. to test such an appro ... | 1992 | 1404612 |
| arteriopathy in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | an arteriopathy characterized by intimal and medial thickening and fibrosis was seen in 19 of 85 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), a lentivirus with morphologic, genetic, and biologic similarities to hiv-1 and hiv-2. | 1992 | 1405492 |
| anonymous survey for simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) seropositivity in siv-laboratory researchers--united states, 1992. | cdc recently reported on two laboratory workers who had seroconverted against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) following work-related exposure to the virus. in follow-up, the national institutes of health (nih) and cdc have collaborated on an anonymous siv seroprevalence study using stored serum samples from some laboratory workers and animal caretakers involved in siv research at some of the nih-sponsored facilities in the united states. this report summarizes the study. | 1992 | 1406578 |
| long-term tolerance and efficacy of 3'-azidothymidine and 3'-fluorothymidine treatment of asymptomatic monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus were treated with zidovudine (20 mg/kg of body weight per day for 9 weeks) or 3'-fluorothymidine (5 mg/kg of body weight per day for 9 weeks or three doses of 2 mg/kg per day for 24 days). hematological changes in the treated animals included macrocytic anemia and leukopenia. determination of antiviral effects in this model requires improved assay methods. | 1992 | 1416863 |
| cloning and sequences of primate cd4 molecules: diversity of the cellular receptor for simian immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus. | to study the interaction between the primate lentiviruses simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the cd4 receptor we have cloned and sequenced the cd4 molecule from six non-human primate species: african green monkeys (three subspecies: sabeus, pytherethrus, aethiops), sooty mangabeys, patas monkeys, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and pig-tail macaques. molecular cdna clones representing cd4 mrna were generated from total rna from peripheral blood mononucle ... | 1992 | 1425921 |
| infection of accessory dendritic cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | many details of the pathogenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 remain to be elucidated. details of how the virus gains entry via the mucosal surface upon sexual contact or during breast feeding remain obscure. the means by which the infection travels throughout the body as well as the nature of the major reservoirs of virus infection remains, for the most part, unknown. recent studies raise the possibility that cells of the langerhans/dendritic lineage play a central role in human i ... | 1992 | 1431241 |
| sequences responsible for efficient replication of simian immunodeficiency virus sivmnd in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. | we determined the susceptibility of monocytic cell lines to infection with viral strains derived from two infectious clones of simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from a mandrill. one of the strains, which replicates poorly in t cell lines, was found to grow more rapidly than the other in these cells. the viral determinant for this property was genetically mapped within the env gene encoding a surface protein. six amino acid substitutions identified appeared to be located outside of the domai ... | 1992 | 1431813 |
| new hydroxyethylamine hiv protease inhibitors that suppress viral replication. | the synthesis of analogues of acserleuasn[phe-hea-pro]ilevalome (1, jg-365; where hea stands for the hydroxyethylamine unit 2), a tight-binding inhibitor of hivp, are reported. systematic modification of the p3 and p3' regions of the inhibitors has led to smaller hivp inhibitors that inhibit viral replication in hiv-infected and siv-infected cell cultures. six aliphatic and/or aromatic derivatives were prepared by replacing residues in the p3 regions of bocleuasn[phe-hea-pro]ilevalome. aromatic ... | 1992 | 1433192 |
| a formalin inactivated whole sivmac vaccine in ribi adjuvant protects against homologous and heterologous siv challenge. | eight monkeys were immunized at 0, 4, 9, and 18 weeks with a total of 2 mg of formalin inactivated sivmac vaccine with ribi adjuvant. two weeks after the last booster four immunized monkeys and two controls were challenged with 10 mid50 of live homologous virus sivmac, and the remaining four vaccinated animals along with two controls were challenged with the heterologous sivsm strain. all eight vaccinated monkeys resisted the virus challenge, whereas all controls became infected. three months af ... | 1992 | 1433260 |
| evaluation of protective efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines against simian immunodeficiency virus infection of macaques. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) was used as a model to study the protective efficacy of an immunization regimen currently being evaluated as candidate vaccines against hiv in human subjects. four macaca fascicularis were first immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the envelope glycoprotein gp160 of sivmne and then boosted with subunit gp160. both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against siv, including neutralizing antibodies, were elicited. the macaques were shown to ... | 1992 | 1433262 |
| comparison of protection from homologous cell-free vs cell-associated siv challenge afforded by inactivated whole siv vaccines. | this study attempted to determine if siv vaccines could protect against challenge with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from an siv infected rhesus monkey. mature macaca mulatta were vaccinated four times with formalin inactivated sivmac32h administered in mdp adjuvant (n = 8) or sivmac32h iscom vaccine (n = 8). controls included animals vaccinated with measles virus in mdp adjuvant (n = 4) or iscom (n = 4) preparations. of each group, half were challenged intravenously (iv) with ten m ... | 1992 | 1433263 |
| worldwide survey of aids vaccine challenge studies in nonhuman primates: vaccines associated with active and passive immune protection from live virus challenge. | an aids vaccine surveillance system (avss) was designed and implemented to track the rapidly growing international database supporting the development of promising aids vaccines. both preclinical nonhuman primate (nhp) and clinical human trials are tracked by the avss. this report presents summary data generated from the avss on the nhp aids vaccine/live virus challenge studies only. summary data on more than 100 preclinical hiv/siv vaccines are presented within the framework of 1) 13 arbitrary ... | 1992 | 1433265 |
| protection against siv infection in macaques by immunization with inactivated virus from the bk28 molecular clone, but not with bk28-derived recombinant env and gag proteins. | vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with beta-propiolactone inactivated sivmacbk28 in freund's adjuvant induced low but detectable levels of anti-siv envelope (env) antibodies and t-cell responses and protected against challenge with the 32h isolate of sivmac251 grown in c8166 cells. in contrast, purified recombinant siv env and gag proteins derived from bk28 formulated in syntex adjuvant generated consistent and long-lived cellular and humoral immune responses to siv env, but failed to protect a ... | 1992 | 1433267 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus vectors: replication and pseudotyping. | we studied a single round of replication of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) through the use of a replication defective vector that expresses the hygromycin resistance gene. it was possible to pseudotype siv particles by complementation with the env gene from a murine amphotropic retrovirus. moreover, siv rna was packaged and propagated by core particles of the heterologous lentivirus, hiv-1. these results indicate that coinfection of cells with siv and other retroviruses could lead to infect ... | 1992 | 1433269 |
| detection of simian immunodeficiency virus dna in macrophages from infected rhesus macaques. | we have examined the frequency of infection of monocyte-derived and alveolar macrophages isolated from rhesus macaques inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) utilizing a semiquantitative pcr methodology. animals were inoculated with either pathogenic (sivmac239) or nonpathogenic (sivmac1a11) molecularly cloned viruses of sivmac, or with uncloned pathogenic sivmacbiol. the frequency of siv dna in macrophages was highest early after infection and at terminal stages of disease, wher ... | 1992 | 1433270 |
| characterization of group specific antibodies in primates: studies with siv envelope in macaques. | sera from siv-infected macaques were found to contain antibodies that reacted with conformation-dependent, group-specific determinants on the siv envelope protein gp130. these conformation-dependent antibodies exhibited virus neutralizing activity; their presence was associated with protection in vaccine studies. the properties of these antibodies are quite similar to those that have been identified in sera from hiv-infected human subjects. these data suggest that the siv envelope gp130 remains ... | 1992 | 1433271 |
| vaccination of pregnant cynomolgus monkeys with whole formalin-inactivated sivmac251. | five pregnant (two to three and one-half months) macaca fascicularis seroconverted following immunization with sucrose-gradient purified and formalin-inactivated whole simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac251). no untoward effects on fetal maturation were observed during the immunization of the mothers. antibodies to sivmac251 (also those with in vitro neutralizing activity) were passively transferred to the offspring but disappeared within two to six months after birth. antibodies to env glycop ... | 1992 | 1433272 |
| efficacy of live-attenuated and whole-inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines against vaginal challenge with virulent siv. | the ability of two vaccine preparations (uv-psoralen inactivated siv administered intramuscularly and live-attenuated siv inoculated intravaginally) to prevent genital transmission of virulent siv in rhesus macaques was tested. two of six whole-inactivated siv vaccinated macaques, three of five live-attenuated siv vaccinated macaques, and four of six controls became persistently infected after two separate intravaginal inoculations with a 50% animal infectious dose of virulent siv. no associatio ... | 1992 | 1433273 |
| sulfation of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein. | sulfation is a posttranslational modification of proteins which occurs on either the tyrosine residues or the carbohydrate moieties of some glycoproteins. in the case of secretory proteins, sulfation has been hypothesized to act as a signal for export from the cell. we have shown that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope glycoprotein precursor (gp160) as well as the surface (gp120) and transmembrane (gp41) subunits can be specifically labelled with 35so42-. sulfated hiv-1 env ... | 1992 | 1433500 |
| animal models for anti-aids therapy. | primate and non-primate species have been used to study the pathobiology of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), respectively, and to develop new therapeutic regimes. transgenic mice which express either the entire hiv-1 provirus or subgenomic fragments have been used to analyze viral gene products in vivo and may serve as models for the development of agents targeted to select viral functions. chimeric mice which were created by transpl ... | 1992 | 1444326 |
| two strains of sivmac show differential transactivation mediated by sequences in the promoter. | two infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus, sivmac251 and sivmac239, have very different in vivo properties, sivmac239 being much more pathogenic than sivmac251. to assess whether the in vivo differences between the two viruses would be reflected in transcriptional rates in vitro, transcriptional activity in the presence of the transactivation protein tat was analyzed by transient transfection assays in hut-78 and u937 cells. whereas the two promoters had similar basal acti ... | 1992 | 1448914 |
| the genetic evolution of the envelope gene of simian immunodeficiency virus in cynomolgus macaques infected with a complex virus pool. | two cynomolgus macaques were infected with a complex, but characterized, challenge stock of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac251 32h). the polymerase chain reaction was applied in a temporal sequence analysis to determine the sequences of the gp120 region of the siv env gene, which were present in the blood of both macaques at 1, 6, and 15 months postinfection (p.i.). at 1 month p.i. selected sequences, which had been present in the original virus challenge stock, were reisolated. at later t ... | 1992 | 1448933 |
| specific and non-specific immunity and protection of macaques against siv infection. | the simian immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus closely related to the human immunodeficiency viruses; it induces an aids-like disease in macaques, and provides therefore an obvious animal model for anti-lentiviral drug and vaccine strategy assessments. in our experiment, we immunized rhesus macaques with a purified and formalin-inactivated whole sivmac251 antigen preparation. most of these monkeys were still protected for more than 4 months following a heterologous sivsm intravenous challenge ... | 1992 | 1455913 |
| infection of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with a rapidly fatal siv (sivsmm/pbj) isolate from sooty mangabeys. | a variant of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsmm/pbj), isolated from a chronically infected pig-tailed macaque has been shown in previous studies to produce acutely fatal disease uniformly in pig-tailed macaques and in some rhesus macaques. the present study extends investigation of sivsmm/pbj pathogenesis in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. cynomolgus and rhesus macaques were found to be uniformly susceptible to infection, but as previously reported, the rhesus were found to not be uniform in t ... | 1992 | 1457209 |
| detection of anti-human cell antibodies in sera from macaques immunized with whole inactivated virus. | more than 200 sera from macaques immunized with several different vaccine preparations were tested in various assays with cells of human and macaque origin. only in instances where whole inactivated siv preparations were used for immunization, were reactivities found with normal human cells, and this was the case in every instance. such sera produced a marked clumping of several normal human cell lines and exhibited strong staining of the cell surface in facs analysis. in the presence of sivdelt ... | 1992 | 1457210 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocytes do not appear to select for mutations in an immunodominant epitope of simian immunodeficiency virus gag. | studies to date assessing hiv escape from ctl in vivo have yielded conflicting results. previous studies have demonstrated that simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac)-infected rhesus monkeys expressing the mhc class i allele mamu-a*01 reproducibly develop a gag-specific ctl response limited to a 9-amino acid epitope of the sivmac gag protein (residues 182-190 within peptide 11c). to determine whether ctl have a role in selecting for aids virus mutants, we examined mutations in sivmac ... | 1992 | 1460291 |
| vaccination of rhesus monkeys with synthetic peptide in a fusogenic proteoliposome elicits simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | an effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus should be capable of eliciting both an antibody and a cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response. however, when viral proteins and peptides are formulated with traditional immunological adjuvants and inoculated via a route acceptable for use in humans, they have not been successful at eliciting virus-specific, major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted ctl. we have designed a novel viral subunit vaccine by encapsulating a pr ... | 1992 | 1460429 |
| inactivated whole siv vaccine in macaques: evaluation of protective efficacy against challenge with cell-free virus or infected cells. | | 1992 | 1466990 |
| comparison of protection afforded by whole virus iscom versus mdp adjuvanted formalin-inactivated siv vaccines from iv cell-free or cell-associated homologous challenge. | a siv-iscom and a siv-mdp adjuvanted vaccine were tested for their potential to induce protection from intravenous cell-free or cell-associated homologous siv challenge in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). seven monkeys vaccinated four times over a four-month period with either the siv-iscom or the siv-mdp vaccine were challenged intravenously with approximately 10 mid50 cell-free sivmac251 (32h). they all were protected from developing viremia during a three-month observation period. two other g ... | 1992 | 1466991 |