| investigation on the biological activity of fowl plague virus ribonucleoprotein. | fowl plague virus (fpv) ribonucleoprotein (rnp) bands in sucrose density gradient in a heterogeneous peak with sedimentation coefficients from 45 to 70 s, whereas in cesium chloride gradient it has a homogeneous density of 1.33-1.34 g/cm3. fpv rnp contains 7.4-8% rna. upon inoculation of chick embryo cell cultures. fpv rnp shows no infectivity, does not induce virus-specific protein synthesis and does not participate in complementation or recombination interactions with ts mutants of fpv. the bi ... | 1976 | 9817 |
| principles of complementation interaction of ts mutants of orthomyxoviruses. | the possibility of complementation between ts mutants of fowl plague virus (fpv) belonging to 5 different complementation groups was studied using various time intervals between inoculation of the cells with two complementation partners. the structural proteins of virions formed on complementation of individual ts mutants with wild virus were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after amino acid pulse label followed by pulse chase. the features of complementation interactions between t ... | 1976 | 13639 |
| effect of a proteolytic enzyme inhbitor on influenza virus replication. | n-tosyl-l-phenylalanyl chloromethane patially inhibited the multiplicatiion of fowl plague virus (fpv) in infected cells. the capacity of the inhibitor to suppress the muliplication of fpv depended on the host cell system. | 1977 | 15441 |
| comparative study of virion transcriptase of some influenza virus strains. | the activities, the temperature and ph optima of in vitro functioning and stability upon heating of virion transcriptase of 10 human influenza virus a strains differing in reactogenicity and isolated in different epidemiological situations, and of fowl plague virus (fvp) were compared. as compared with virion transcriptase of human influenza virus strains studied, that of fpv had a higher ph optimum, was capable of functioning in vitro at a higher temperature and was more stable on heating. fres ... | 1978 | 26210 |
| recombination and complementation between orthomyxoviruses under conditions of abortive infection. | on interaction of ts mutants of fowl plague virus (fpv) belonging to different complementation groups and human influenza a viruses under conditions of abortive infection for both partners, complementation was marked and recombinants occurred with a high frequency. the level and degree of complementation as well as the frequency of recombinants depended on the stage at which the reproduction of the human influenza a viruses involved was blocked. on simultaneous inoculation of chicks with two apa ... | 1979 | 39444 |
| properties of influenzavirus nucleocapsids in nonpermissive cells. | the properties of fowl plague virus (influenzavirus a) nucleocapsids isolated from the cytoplasm of infected ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and chick embryo cells were compared. nucleocapsids isolated from both systems possessed similar polypeptides (p and np) but differed in their biophysical characteristics. nucleocapsids from ascites cells sedimented in velocity sucrose gradients slower (from 25 to 50 s) and the majority of them banded at higher density in cscl gradients (rho 1.38 as compare ... | 1979 | 42293 |
| antigenic relationship between the surface antigens of avian and equine influenze viruses. | influenza virus equine 1 (a/equine/prague/56) has a hemagglutinin which is antigenically related to the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus strain rostock (fpv) and a neuraminidase which cross-reacts with the enzyme of virus n (a/chick/germany/49). after a single injection of chickens with equine 1 virus no hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) and neutralizing antibodies against fpv can be demonstrated, although the birds are fully protected against a lethal dose of fpv. hi and neutralizing antibodie ... | 1975 | 53781 |
| early synthesis of semliki forest virus-specific proteins in infected chicken cells. | cells preinfected with fowl plague virus followed by treatment with actinomycin d are a suitable system for studying early protein synthesis in cells infected with semliki forest virus. one and one-half hours after superinfection, three new nonstructural proteins (nvp) were detected: nvp 145, nvp, 112, and nvp 65. they appeared in parallel with a low incorporation of mannose at the beginning of the infectious cycle. behavior on chasing suggested a precursor relationship of nvp 112 to the envelop ... | 1976 | 59814 |
| latex fetuin spheres as probes for influenza virus neuraminidase in productively and abortively infected cells. | fetuin bound latex spheres do not adhere to the membranes of non-infected cells but adhere to those of cells productively infected by fowl plague virus (fpv dobson strain). in contrast, asialo fetuin spheres do not attach to the membranes of productively infected cells. moreover latex fetuin spheres incubated with extracts of productively infected cells and extensively washed are specifically enriched in neuraminidase activity without any trace of haemagglutinin. these observations suggest that ... | 1979 | 91354 |
| effect of tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (disulfiram) on the multiplication of enveloped viruses. | disulfiram at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.3 mm inhibits the multiplication of semliki forest virus (sfv), fowl plague virus (fpv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and pseudorabies virus (prv), when administered 1 hour before and during adsorption. there is, however, no inhibition of virus multiplication, when the drug is added after adsorption onto chick embryo cells. disulfiram interferes neither with the receptors of the virus nor of erythrocytes, and it d ... | 1975 | 173261 |
| inhibition of cellular protein synthesis by simultaneous pretreatment of host cells with fowl plague virus and actinomycin d: a method for studying early protein synthesis of several rna viruses. | a method is described for analysis of viral protein synthesis early after infection when minute amounts of viral proteins are effectively concealed by large amounts of produced host-specific proteins. the method is superior to a radioimmune assay, since all virus-induced proteins can be measured independent of their immunological reactivity. host-specific protein synthesis can be suppressed by infection with fowl plague virus. addition of actinomycin c 1.25 h postinfection does not prevent this ... | 1975 | 173875 |
| suppression of glycoprotein formation of semliki forest, influenza, and avian sarcoma virus by tunicamycin. | tunicamycin, a new antibiotic, halts the formation of physical particles of semliki forest and fowl plague virus, whereas avian oncornavirus particles which show a reduction in infectivity and do not contain detectable labeled glycoprotein are released in the presence of the drug. in semliki forest virus-infected cells only the protein moieties of the glycoproteins could be labeled. in cells infected with fowl plague and avian sarcoma virus neither intact glycoproteins nor their protein moieties ... | 1976 | 184299 |
| [abortive myxovirus infection in ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. production of heterokaryons in permissive cells and analysis of virus-specific structures]. | hybridization of ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells and chicken fibroblasts using uv-inactivated sendai virus produced the following variants of homo- and heterokaryons: (a) uninfected ehrlich cells, (b) fowl plague virus-infected chicken fibroblasts, (c) uninfected ehrlich cells and uninfected chicken fibroblasts; (d) infected ehrlich cells and infected chicken fibroblasts, (e) infected ehrlich cells and uninfected chicken fibroblasts. the analysis of the material produced by heterokaryons gave th ... | 1976 | 188250 |
| effect of virus infection and cycloheximide treatment on the labeling of cellular phospholipids with 32 p. | the total amount and the relative proportions of labeled phospholipids were studied in chorioallantoic membrane cells (cam), chick embryo cells (cec) and l cells which were either infected with newcastle disease virus (ndv), fowl plague virus (fpv) and mouse encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus or treated with cycloheximide. in productively infected or nonproductively infected cells, the total amount of labeled phospholipids was not altered, but the relative proportions of individual phospholipids w ... | 1977 | 192694 |
| [antiviral activity in the serum of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia: prognostic significance. preliminary report]. | in view of suggestions that acute myeloblastic leukemia (aml) may be of viral etiology, sera of 31 patients suffering from aml were investigated for antiviral activity. fowl plague virus (fpv), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), bt 20 mammary carcinoma cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) were used as assay systems. in the fpv-bt20 system, 19 of 20 patients whose blood sample was taken when they were in complete remission showed antiviral activity in their sera. these patients stayed in com ... | 1977 | 199938 |
| [abortive myxovirus infection in ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma cells. further study of the nature of the virus-specific structures produced by heterokaryons]. | fowl plague virus-infected cells of ehrlich ascitic carcinoma produce a noninfectious virus which is defective in fragility of its membranes. an attempt has been made to produce nondefective virus by fusion of infected ehrlich cells with permissive cells: infected and non-infected chicken fibroblasts. the fusion of fpv-infected and 3h-uridine labeled ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells with infected unlabeled chicken fibroblasts using inactivated sendai virus resulted in production of two types of l ... | 1977 | 200012 |
| viral interference phenomena induced by foot-and-mouth disease temperature-sensitive mutants in bovine kidney cells. | cultures of bovine kidney (bk) cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were incubated at 38.5 degrees c, a temperature nonpermissive for mutant virus growth and rna synthesis. the cells were subsequently resistant to viral growth and rna synthesis when superinfected with wild-type fmdv and with heterologous fowl plague virus. the extent of interference was proportional to the multiplicity of infection of the ts mutant. it increased with time ... | 1979 | 229787 |
| vaccination of chickens with influenza a/turkey/oregon/71 virus and immunity challenge exposure to five strains of fowl plague virus. | | 1978 | 287099 |
| genetic recombination between two strains of fowl plague virus: construction of genetic maps. | | 1979 | 425321 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of fowl plague virus: isolation and genetic characterization. | | 1979 | 425322 |
| investigation of recombinants of human influenza and fowl plague viruses. | recombinants of human influenza type a viruses, a/krasnodar/101/1959 (h2n2) or a/habarovsk/15/1976 (h3n2), and fowl plague virus (fpv), strain weybridge (hav1neq1) were obtained. the genome of the recombinant obtained by recombination of influenza a/habarovsk/15/1976 virus and fpv contained the genes 4 (ha) and 6 (na) derived from the influenza a/habarovsk virus and all the other genes [1, 2, 3, 5 (np), 7 (m), 8 (ns)] from fpv. the genome of the recombinant of a/krasnodar/101/1959 virus and fpv ... | 1979 | 479841 |
| 5' and 3' terminal nucleotide sequences of the rna genome segments of influenza virus. | extensive nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5' and the 3' terminal of the rna segments of the genome of fowl plague virus, an avian strain of influenza virus, confirms the presence of a common sequence at the 5' terminus of each segment and a common sequence at the 3' terminus of each segment. between the ends of each individual segment there is a complementary sequence which may be important in the control of transcription and replication of the genome. in addition, the probable sites of init ... | 1979 | 493121 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of an influenza virus haemagglutinin gene from cloned dna. | a synthetic fowl plague virus (fpv) haemagglutinin gene has been cloned in bacteria and the complete sequence of the rna gene deduced. it is 1,742 nucleotides long and the mrna codes for 56.3 amino acids in an uninterrupted sequence. the nature of some of the important domains in the haemagglutinin has been established, and their structure is discussed in relation to their function. extensive amino acid sequence homologies exist between fpv and human influenza haemagglutinins. | 1979 | 503226 |
| [new variety of fowl plague virus]. | | 1979 | 506026 |
| preliminary characterization of the particles from productive and abortive infections of l cells by fowl plague virus. | particles produced during the abortive infection of l cells by fowl plague virus (dobson strain) have been characterized and compared to the infectious particles produced by a mutant of this virus adapted to mammalian cells. the former are of apparently normal morphology but most of them are non-infectious. they have the same rna/protein ratio as the infectious particles and the same polypeptide composition. they contain also the same rna segments as those found in infectious particles. possible ... | 1979 | 507639 |
| [classical fowl plague virus reproduction in the body of aedes aegypti mosquitoes]. | the results of the studies on fowl plague virus (fpv, rostok strain) reproduction in aedes aegypti mosquitoes are presented. the virus-containing allantoic fluid was inoculated intrathoracally in volumes of 0.1 and 0.2 microliter. the virus was isolated in chick embryos and could be detected at 5--14 days after inoculation. after inoculation of 0.1 microliter of virus it could be detected in doses of 0.5, 2.0, 1.75 ig2 id50, after inoculation of 0.2 microliter--in doses of 5, 1.5, and 0.5 ig2 id ... | 1979 | 524861 |
| amantadine-resistant and -sensitive influenza a strains and recombinants. | several influenza a strains and recombinants of fowl plague virus (fpv) with a known gene constellation were tested for amantadine sensitivity under two different experimental conditions. in a haemagglutinin yield analysis of a single growth cycle experiment fpv was found to be highly sensitive to amantadine, while in the plaque reduction and inhibition test it was highly resistant. with the a3 hong kong and equi 2 strains the opposite observation was made. the a2 singapore strain was sensitive ... | 1979 | 528983 |
| characterization of virus-like particles produced by an influenza a virus. | the influenza strain 413 1,1 segregated as a stable recombinant during passage of the isolate 19/n which was obtained after double infection of chick embryo fibroblasts by virus n and the fowl plague virus (fpv) mutant ts 19. its gene constellation was determined by molecular hybridization. upon infection of chick embryo cells by this recombinant strain, two particle populations of high (h) and low (l) buoyant densities were produced. by biological and biochemical parameters, the h-population (d ... | 1979 | 543802 |
| cell-free coupling of influenza virus rna transcription and translation. | a cell-free coupled system for the transcription and translation of fowl plague virus rna is described. the system utilizes a new nuclease-preincubated rabbit reticulocyte lysate that has a high sensitivity to exogenous mrna and a very low level of nuclease activity. translation of the viral proteins in the coupled system is strictly dependent upon the viral transcriptase activity. in the coupled system the optimal concentration of magnesium is intermediate between the optimum for transcription ... | 1977 | 559102 |
| on the mechanism of inhibition of influenza virus replication by amantadine hydrochloride. | the results of analyses of fowl plague virus-specific rna and protein synthesis in infected chick embryo fibroblasts incubated in amantadine hydrochloride are reported. they indicate that provided amantadine is present from the time of virus addition no expression of the virus genome occurs and that the synthesis of even the first detectable transcripts catalysed by the polymerase of the infecting virus particles is prevented. in agreement with previous reports it is concluded that amantadine pr ... | 1978 | 563896 |
| influence of the infection with lipid-containing viruses on the metabolism and pools of phospholipid precursors in animal cells. | the influence of infection with three different lipid-containing rna viruses, newcastle disease virus, fowl plague virus, and semliki forest virus on the phosphatidylcholine precursors of chick embryo cells and of baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells has been measured. in chick embryo cells infection with newcastle disease virus does not influence the energy charge, or the distribution and absolute pool sizes of the precursors or the choline phosphotransferase activity. in chick embryo cells infected ... | 1978 | 569579 |
| [electronoptical studies of the effect of 1-[p-(methylnitrosamino)-benzylidenamino]-adamantane on the fowl plague virus (fpv) in cell culture]. | the adamantanamine derivative 1-[p-(methylnitrosamino)-benzylidenamino]-adamantane (mbaa) at a concentration of 40 microgram/ml demonstrated no effect on adsorption of fowl plague virus (fpv) on chick embryonal cells. the penetration of the virions took place by means of pinocytosis. in the final stages of penetration the virions became gradually disintegrated. under the influence of mbaa, after break-down of the membrane of pinocytic vesicles a swollen part of the virus core remained in cytopla ... | 1978 | 569933 |
| the coupling of transcription from influenza virions to translation in vitro. | the optimum conditions for the coupling of fowl plague virus (fpv) transcription to an in vitro reticulocyte translation system have been established and shown to be close to those required for maximum rna synthesis by purified fpv virions. products have been characterized by the peptides they yield on limited proteolysis in sds and it has been shown that virus nucleoprotein (np) and matrix (m) protein are made. the smallest virus coded polypeptide, the non-structural protein (ns), is made in on ... | 1979 | 572213 |
| glycosylation in vitro of semliki-forest-virus and influenza-virus glycoproteins and its suppression by nucleotide-2-deoxy-hexose. | cell-free enzyme preparations from cultured fibroblasts infected with semliki forest virus or fowl plague virus (an influenza a virus) incorporate [14c]-mannose into dolichol-phosphate-mannose, lipid-linked oligosaccharides and into endogenous virus-specific glycoproteins. when gdp-2-deoxy-d-[14c]glucose serves as substrate 2-deoxy-d-[14c]glucose is transferred to dolichol phosphate yielding dolichol-monophosphate-2-deoxy-d-[14c]glucose. udp-2-deoxy-d-[14c]glucose gives rise also to a lipid whic ... | 1978 | 639813 |
| vaccination for fowl plague. | influenza a/turkey/oregon/71 virus has antigenic characteristics of fowl plague virus but is avirulent for chickens. the virus was inoculated intratracheally in chickens at several dosage levels and resulted in the formation of antibody and immunity against fowl plague. the avirulent virus replicated in chickens and was recoverable by tracheal swab specimens up to 4 days after inoculation. although the virus was transmitted to contact controls at the time when their cagemates were inoculated, it ... | 1978 | 646202 |
| nucleotide sequences at the 5' termini of influenza virus rnas and their transcripts. | the results of analyses of the 5'-terminal sequences of fowl plague virus rnas are presented. the first 13 residues of each of the eight rna molecules which constitute the genome are in the identical sequence 5'aguagaaauuagg- and this conservation of sequence is shown to extend to other influenza viruses. the 5'-terminal sequences of virion rna transcripts produced in vitro are also reported and again the first 12 nucleotides of these are identical for all influenza type a transcripts examined i ... | 1978 | 652519 |
| biochemical studies on influenza viruses. ii. assignment of gene functions to rna segments 5, 7, and 8 of fowl plague virus and virus n. | | 1978 | 664239 |
| minor nucleic acids in influenza virus. | a nucleic acid fraction consisting of rna and dna sequences with an apparent mol. wt. of 1.4 to 1.5 x 10(6) is present in minor amounts in purified influenza virus. the rna is virus-specific and in the case of fowl plague virus (fpv) contains sequences of genes 2 and 7 which code for one of the proteins constituting the polymerase complex and for the matrix protein respectively. | 1978 | 690617 |
| host range mutants of an influenza a virus. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of fowl plague virus with a ts-lesion in segment 1 (ts 3, polymerase 1 gene) or segment 2 (ts 90, transport gene) do not form plaques on mdck cells at the permissive temperature, while the wild type and ts-mutants of other groups are able to do so. this property is correlated with the ts-lesion, since revertants for the ts-lesion of ts 3 and ts 90 again form plaques on mdck cells. the block on mdck cells--at least for ts3--may be located in a late function, sin ... | 1978 | 736796 |
| biosynthesis of the influenza virus envelope in abortive infection. | synthesis and processing of the envelope proteins of influenza a virus (fowl plague virus) have been analysed in bhk, hela and l cells, in which the virus undergoes abortive replication and does not form virus particles, and in the productive chick embryo fibroblast system. in abortive infection, synthesis of the m protein is specifically inhibited. the extent of this defect varies depending on the host cell and the amount of virus particles formed closely reflects the amount of m synthesized. c ... | 1979 | 759560 |
| counterimmunoelectrophoresis with influenza antigens. i. use of avian plague virus to detect type-specific antibodies to influenza a in human sera. | avian plague virus was used as antigen in a counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique. this virus was selected because it detects only type-specific influenza a antibodies in human sera, avoiding the possible interference of other antigens with anodic migration. the results with reference sera, as well as the correlation of positive sera found by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and complement fixation with the proposed antigen, in the absence of other types of antibodies to fowl plague virus antigen, ... | 1975 | 803277 |
| comparative evaluation of different fixation procedures and different coupling reagents for the demonstration of influenza virus-specific antibodies by the indirect hemagglutination test. | the indirect hemagglutination technique has been improved by fixing the carrier erythrocytes successively with glutaraldehyde and sulfosalicylic acid. sensitization by covalent conjugation of influenza virus antigens to the erythrocytes with various coupling reagents, which resulted in stable and highly sensitive test cells, has been defined. an economical affinity chromatography procedure using antibody-coated agarose has been developed to prepare sufficiently pure antigens from fowl plague vir ... | 1975 | 814398 |
| a case report of fowl plague keratoconjunctivitis. | a case of human fowl plague keratoconjunctivitis occurred after accidental laboratory exposure. the conjunctivitis was characterised by follicle formation and a mucopurulent discharge, and ran a self-limiting course over two weeks. the keratitis was of an unusual type and consisted of small intraepithelial opacities, which appeared after one week and resolved completely over the next three weeks. the infection, confirmed by viral culture, was produced by dutch strain (hav 1 neq 1) of fowl plague ... | 1977 | 843515 |
| [effect of neuraminidase treatment of chick embryo fibroblasts on the adsorption and reproduction of the fowl plague virus]. | treatment with neuraminidase (100 units/ml) of chick embryo fibroblasts in vitro only partially inhibits adsorption of fowl plague virus on these cells. cultivation of chick embryo fibroblasts in the presence of 50 units/ml neuraminidase had no effect on the sensitivity of these cells to fowl plague virus and on the extent of virus reproductions. it is suggested that neuraminic acid which is a component of the external cell membrane is not only substance responsible for adsorption of orthomyxovi ... | 1977 | 919501 |
| genetic relationship between an influenza a and a b virus. | the base sequence homology between all eight 32p-labelled rna segment of fowl plague virus (fpv) and the complementary rna (crna) of an influenza b virus (b-mass), and between segment 8 of virus n and the crna of the same influenza b strain has been determined. all segments of fpv and segment 8 of virus n show a significant base sequence homology, ranging from 18 to 50% suggesting that influenza a and b viruses have a common ancestor. the conserved regions in segments 4,6 and 8 of the influenza ... | 1977 | 925682 |
| a genetic approach to studies on the synthesis of the complementary rna's of fowl plague virus. | the rate of incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into complementary strands of replicating rna of fowl plague virus (fpv) has been studied. the efficiency of incorporation was estimated by determination of the reversion frequency in s-mutants with known types of base transitions in the rna of the virus particle. it was established that maximum incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into progeny virus particle rna took place between 2 and 4 h after infection. the maximum incorporation of the mutagen into com ... | 1976 | 932693 |
| correlation between rna fragments of fowl plague virus and their corresponding gene functions. | | 1976 | 982830 |
| polypeptides specified by the influenza virus genome i. evidence for eight distinct gene products specified by fowl plague virus. | | 1976 | 982839 |
| the isolation of fowl plague virus in victoria. | | 1976 | 985260 |
| attenuation of pathogenicity of fowl plague virus by recombination with other influenza a viruses nonpathogenic for fowl: nonexculsive dependence of pathogenicity on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the virus. | a number of antigenic hybrids of influenza a viruses were produced possessing either the hemagglutinin or the neuraminidase of fowl plague virus and the corresponding antigen derived from another influenza a virus. other recombinants were obtained carrying both surface antigens of fowl plague virus but differing from the parent in certain biological properties. none of the recombinants isolated were pathogenic for adult chickens. most recombinants obtained after crosses between reciprocal recomb ... | 1976 | 985888 |
| [inhibitory effect of alpha-methyl-1-adamantane methylamine hydrochloride (rimantadine) on rna-dependent rna polymerase induction in culture of cells, infected with influenza virus]. | an anti-influenza preparation, rimantadine (alpha-methyl-1-adamantane methylamine hydrochloride) at concentrations of 10--25 mkg/ml depresses the rna-dependent rna polymerase induction in a culture of cells infected with influenza virus (fowl plague virus). the inhibitory effect is also observed 2 hours following cell infection. in vitro studies have demonstrated that rimantadine has no effect on the activity of virus-induced rna-dependent rna polymerase, as well as on that of rna-dependent rna ... | 1976 | 1022284 |
| [characteristics of rna isolated from the nuclear rna-synthesizing complex of influenza virus]. | when ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells infected with classical fowl plague virus and treated with actinomycin d were pulse labeled for 10 min with 3h-uridine, it was mainly incorporated into nucleoplasm structures sedimenting in sucrose gradients at 120s. at 2-hr exposure of the infected cells to 3h-uridine radioactivity was found in nucleoplasm in the area of 65s and in the cytoplasm in 30-40s zone. the analysis of rna isolated from these structures gave the following results. the rna isolated fr ... | 1976 | 1035995 |
| fowl plague virus adapted to human leukemia cells: interaction with normal human leukocytes and plastic surfaces. | an avian influenza a virus which grows well in human leukemic myeloblasts was unable to replicate in normal human leukocytes. the virus adhered during the first hours of incubation to plastic surfaces and to leukocytes and was then released into the supernatant; care should be taken not to confuse this with viral growth. | 1975 | 1063990 |
| [method for preparing monospecific antiserum to fowl plague virus hemagglutinins]. | a simple method for preparation of monospecific antiserum for the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus has been developed. it is based on selective inactivation of the enzymatic and antigenic properties of neuraminidase by heating of the virus at 56degrees for 3 hours followed by disruption of the preparation with detergent and removal of the inner proteins by ultracentrifugation. immunization of animals with such preparations produced antiserum containing considerable amounts of antibody for the ... | 1975 | 1092072 |
| study of fowl plague virus rna synthesis in temperature-sensitive mutants. | | 1975 | 1171553 |
| [abortive myxovirus infection of ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. analysis of virus-specific structures in the ascitic fluid]. | in the course of classical fowl plague virus reproduction in ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells both hemagglutinins and s-antigen accumulate and titers of the infectious activity increase. however virus reproduction does not terminate in formation of virus, and subviral structures are found in the liquid fraction of the infected cells. analysis of these structures has shown them to have a sedimentation coefficient of 350-370s and buovant density 1.29 g/ml. the rapidly sedimenting structure has comp ... | 1975 | 1172326 |
| isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of fowl plague virus. | | 1975 | 1189290 |
| polyadenylate sequences of fowl plague virus complementary rna (crna) synthesized in vivo and in vitro. | | 1975 | 1198923 |
| [infectivity of fowl plague virus rna in the process of infection]. | the conditions for isolation and detection of the infectious properties of nucleic acid preparations extracted from cells infected with fowl plague virus were studied. it is suggested that double-stranded virus-specific rnas possess the infectious properties. | 1975 | 1226710 |
| [unfragmented nucleocapsid of influenza virus in infected cells]. | in the cytoplasms of chick embryo fibroblast and ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells infected with influenza virus (fowl plague virus), in addition to fragmented virus nucleocapsid larger nucleocapsid structures were found which sedimented in the region of 90 -120s. the structures were detected upon short 3h-uridine label of the cells. their buoyant density in cesium chloride was higher than that of the fragmented nucleocapsid (1.34 -1.39 g/cm3). in electron microscope, the structures were visualiz ... | 1975 | 1226711 |
| influenza virus rna-synthesizing complex in the nucleoplasm of infected cells. | an rna-synthesizing complex was found in the nucleoplasm of fowl plague virus-infected chicken fibroblast and ehrlich tumour cells. the complex sedimented at 120 s and banded in caesium chloride at 1-39 to 1-41 g/ml. it contained an influenza nucleocapsid protein as a major protein constituent. the complex functioned late in infection, and rna synthesis in it was resistant to actinomycin d, the properties expected of influenza virus replicative complex. | 1975 | 1237535 |
| host-range mutant of fowl plague virus (fpv): comparison of the genome and virus proteins. | | 1975 | 1239116 |
| cellular rna and influenza-virion rna are synthesized from different pyrimidine-nucleoside-triphosphate pools in chick-embryo cells. | chick embryo cells infected with an influenza a (fowl plague) virus have been labelled with (3h)-uridine for different lengths of time. virion rna and cellular rna have been separated by specific hybridization with a surplus of unlabelled viral complementary rna and rnase digestion. the ratio of the specific radioacticity in the ump and cmp moieties of both types of rna has been determined. since the rate of approach to equilibrium of cmp to ump labelling of both types of rna is completely diffe ... | 1975 | 1239379 |
| electron microscopical study of initial and final stages of fowl plague virus-replication in chick embryo cells. | cellular uptake of fowl plague virus occurs 10-30 minutes after inoculation of chick embryo cells. the penetration of the virions is by pinocytosis (viropexis); fusion with the cellular membrane has not been observed. after pinocytosis the virions become gradually disintegrated. budding of newly formed virions from the cellular membrane starts 3 hours post inoculation (p.i.) and reaches its maximum 8 hours p.i. at the same time budding takes place into electron microscopically empty and autophag ... | 1975 | 1239990 |
| sphingolipids of influenza viruses. | total lipid of four egg grown influenza viruses (a2-asia, a2-england, a2-taiwan and fowl plague virus) were extracted with chloroform-methanol. after mild alkali treatment of the extracts, glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelin were separated by a silicic acid column, and finally purified by thin layer chromatography. fatty acid, sphingosine and carbohydrate components of individual lipid classes were then analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. nearly identical results were obtained with all virus ... | 1976 | 1252485 |
| cell-free translation of influenza virus mrna. | cytoplasmic poly (a)-rich rna extracted from fowl plague virus-infected cells was found to program efficiently the translation of two major peptides in the wheat germ cell-free system. these peptides have the same electrophoretic mobility, on polyacrylamide gels, as the two major virion proteins m and np. [35s] methionine tryptic peptide analysis by one-dimensionalthin-layer ionophoresis and finger printing by two-dimensional thin-layer ionophoresis and chromatography show a high degree of simil ... | 1976 | 1271519 |
| [factors that cause a change in the antigenic structure of of the influenza virus hemagglutinin]. | crossing of norakin-resistant mutant nr1 of a/waybridge (h7n7) strain of fowl plague virus (fpv) with human influenza virus strains produced recombinants inheriting the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of the nr1 mutant and neuraminidase (na) genes of human influenza virus strains. the r120 recombinant produced by crossing of nr1 with a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) strain, unlike other recombinants and nr1 mutant, lost the capacity of reacting in h1 test with two monoclonal antibodies (mca) to ha7: 71/4 and 46/6. ... | 1992 | 1281944 |
| abortive infection of influenza virus in ehrlich ascites tumor cells. unusual fragility of virus particles. | noninfectious virus particles were produced in ehrlich ascites tumor cells infected intraperitoneally with fowl plague virus. the pfu yield of virus per cell was less than 0.1 and the ratio pfu/ha units in the progeny virus was less than 10(3). the virus particles had the same morphology and size as egg-grown virus but were more fragile. they were disrupted by centrifugation through sucrose and caesium chloride gradients, but this disruption was avoided by fixing the particles with formaldehyde ... | 1978 | 646630 |
| characterization of virus-specific messenger rnas from avian fibroblasts infected with fowl plague virus. | in cell-free protein synthesizing systems from wheat embryos, messenger rnas extracted from chick embryo fibroblasts infected with fowl plague virus direct the synthesis of nine virus-specific polypeptides, two of which may be related to the virus-specific glycopolypeptides. all of the mrnas are complementary in sequence to virion rna, and rnas which do not contain poly a appear to be translated as efficiently as their polyadenylated counterparts. under certain conditions of incubation, virion r ... | 1977 | 561162 |
| [a possible new prognostic criterium for acute myelocytic leukemia: speed of the titer increase of antiviral antibodies after virus oncolysate injections]. | in a study conducted by the swiss group for clinical cancer research, 28 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in complete remission were treated by chemotherapy and viral oncolysate (i.e. formalin treated fowl plague virus infected allogenous leukemia cells). patients with a slow rise and low maximal titers of antiviral antibodies in the sera proved to have longer remissions than those with a prompt and high rise. several patients showed association of antiviral antibody changes in the serum ... | 1979 | 290041 |
| fluorosugars inhibit biological properties of different enveloped viruses. | both 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-mannose were found to be potent inhibitors of the synthesis of infectious semliki forest and fowl plague virus in chicken embryo cells and also of pseudorabies virus grown in rabbit kidney cells. it was found that the pseudorabies virus-mediated cell fusion and the synthesis of functional hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus were blocked. in all cases the 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-mannose-caused inhibition was stronger than the 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glu ... | 1976 | 178923 |
| effect of adamantane derivatives on the activity of orthomyxovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | the effect of several adamantane derivatives on the activity of virion-associated rna-dependent rna polymerase of fowl plague virus (fpv) and influenza b virus was studied in vitro. some of the derivatives inhibited the activity of the polymerase by 60 per cent. a correlation was established between the previously demonstrated capacity of these inhibitors to suppress orthomyxovirus reproduction in vivo and their ability to reduce the activity of virion-associated rna-dependent rna polymerase in ... | 1976 | 9825 |
| inhibition of furin-mediated cleavage activation of hiv-1 glycoprotein gp160. | the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) initiates infection by mediating fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane. fusion activity requires proteolytic cleavage of the gp160 protein into gp120 and gp41 at a site containing several arginine and lysine residues. activation at basic cleavage sites is observed with many membrane proteins of cellular and viral origin. we have recently found that the enzyme activating the haemagglutinin of fowl plague virus (fpv), an ... | 1992 | 1360148 |
| relation between drug resistance and antigenicity among norakin-resistant mutants of influenza a (fowl plague) virus. | norakin-resistant (nr) mutants of fowl plague virus (a/fpv/weybridge, h7n7) have 1 to 2 (in one instance 3) amino acid substitutions in different positions of the heavy (ha 1) and/or light (ha 2) subunits of the haemagglutinin (ha) molecule. investigation of nr mutants using the haemagglutination inhibition test with monoclonal antibodies (mab) to the ha of a/seal/massachusetts/80 (h7n7) virus revealed that one of the mutants (nr 1) differs antigenically from the wild-type fowl plague virus: its ... | 1992 | 1373939 |
| a functional barrier to movement of lipids in polarized neurons. | in polarized neurons, axons and dendrites perform different functions, which are reflected in their different molecular organization. studies on the sorting of viral and endogenous glycoproteins in epithelial cells and hippocampal neurons suggest that there may be similarities in the mechanism of sorting in these two cell types. the mechanisms that maintain the distinct composition of the two plasma membrane domains in these two cell types must, however, be different. we have proposed the existe ... | 1992 | 1406997 |
| structure of the n- and o-glycans of the a-chain of human plasma alpha 2hs-glycoprotein as deduced from the chemical compositions of the derivatives prepared by stepwise degradation with exoglycosidases. | the structure of the glycans of the a-chain of human plasma alpha 2hs-glycoprotein was established from the chemical compositions of its derivatives prepared by sequential enzymatic degradation of the carbohydrate moiety, from the determination of the kind and amount of the monosaccharides liberated after each step of the enzymatic digestion, and from the distinct specificity of the highly purified exoglycosidases. the exoglycosidases were three sialidases (vibrio cholerae, fowl plague virus, an ... | 1992 | 1457416 |
| subtype h7 influenza viruses: comparative antigenic and molecular analysis of the ha-, m-, and ns-genes. | antigenic analysis of the haemagglutinin and matrix protein with corresponding sets of monoclonal antibodies as well as sequence analysis of ha-, m-, and ns-genes were carried out to establish antigenic and genetic relationships between four fowl plague virus (fpv) strains of h7 subtype. the data obtained revealed close genetic relatedness between the oldest known influenza a virus, a/chicken/brescia/1902 (h7n7), and two fpv strains, a/fpv/dobson (h7n7) and a/fpv/weybridge (h7n7). these three st ... | 1992 | 1530908 |
| genetic relatedness of the nucleoprotein (np) of recent swine, turkey, and human influenza a virus (h1n1) isolates. | the sequences of nucleoprotein (np) genes of recent human and turkey isolates of influenza a viruses, which serologically could be correlated to contemporary swine viruses, were determined. these sequences were closely related to the nps of these swine viruses and they formed a separate branch on the phylogenetic tree. while the early swine virus from 1931 resembled the avian strains in consensus amino acids of the np and in its ability to rescue np ts mutants of fowl plague virus in chicken emb ... | 1992 | 1536092 |
| neutralization of influenza virus by low concentrations of hemagglutinin-specific polymeric immunoglobulin a inhibits viral fusion activity, but activation of the ribonucleoprotein is also inhibited. | high concentrations of hemagglutinin-specific neutralizing polymeric monoclonal immunoglobulin a (iga) inhibit attachment of the majority of type a influenza virus virions to cell monolayers and tracheal epithelium (h. p. taylor and n. j. dimmock, j. exp. med. 161:198-209, 1985; m. c. outlaw and n. j. dimmock, j. gen. virol. 71:69-76, 1990). a minority of virions attaches but is not infectious. here, we report that a different mechanism operates when influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1) is ... | 1992 | 1583731 |
| influenza virus hemagglutinin with multibasic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin-like endoprotease. | many viruses have membrane glycoproteins that are activated at cleavage sites containing multiple arginine and lysine residues by cellular proteases so far not identified. the proteases responsible for cleavage of the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus, a prototype of these glycoproteins, has now been isolated from madin-darby bovine kidney cells. the enzyme has a mol. wt of 85,000, a ph optimum ranging from 6.5 to 7.5, is calcium dependent and recognizes the consensus sequence r-x-k/r-r at the ... | 1992 | 1628614 |
| secretion of fowl plague virus haemagglutinin from insect cells requires elimination of both hydrophobic domains. | in the present study we have investigated the role of the hydrophobic domains of the fowl plague virus (fpv) haemagglutinin (ha) on its intracellular transport and maturation in insect cells. to this end processing of full-length ha (a+) has been compared to that of two truncated forms lacking either the cytoplasmic domain and the transmembrane domain (a-) or lacking the entire ha2 subunit, i.e. the transmembrane domain and the fusion peptide (ha2-). all glycosylation sites present on a- and ha2 ... | 1992 | 1634875 |
| antiviral activity of flos verbasci infusion against influenza and herpes simplex viruses. | the lyophilized infusion from flowers of verbascum thapsiforme schrad. (fvi) showed antiviral activity in in vitro studies against fowl plague virus, several influenza a strains, influenza b strain as well as herpes simplex virus. influenza viruses titer decreased by 1-3 log units, while of h. simplex virus by 2.3 log. fvi has shown virucidal activity on h. simplex virus at 300 micrograms/ml, but did not inactivate influenza viruses. phytochemical investigations of fvi have shown the presence of ... | 1991 | 1666504 |
| characterization and immunological properties of influenza a virus nucleoprotein (np): cell-associated np isolated from infected cells or viral np expressed by vaccinia recombinant virus do not confer protection. | a nucleoprotein (np) preparation purified from the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken eggs infected with fowl plague virus (a/fpv/rostock/34, h7n1) yielded, in addition to the commonly known 56k protein, a 42k component that could not be detected in virus particles. after testing with a series of np-specific monoclonal antibodies it was found that some reacted with both proteins and others were bound only by the 56k protein. among both types of np-specific monoclonal antibodies only a limited n ... | 1990 | 1693165 |
| [the ts phenotype of reisolates from children inoculated with live cold-adapted influenza vaccine type a]. | using mutants of fowl plague virus (frv) which have single temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in some genes, an analysis was carried out on reisolates from children of 3-6 years, vaccinated with a monovaccine from recombinant strains of influenza type a virus. the recombinants were obtained by crossing of current epidemic strains of subtypes a (hini) and a (h3n2) with the cold-adapted (xa) ts-donor of attenuation a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) from which they, as a rule, inherited 5 ts-mutations ... | 1990 | 1697128 |
| [the anti-influenza effect of rimantadine and isoprinosine when used in combination in mice]. | the antiviral effect of rimantadine and isoprinosine applied in combination against fowl plague virus (fpv) in cell cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts and in experimental influenza infection in mice has been studied. isoprinosine does not inhibit the reproduction of fpv when given alone and does not increase the antiviral activity of rimantadine. after oral application of both substances according to an appropriate scheme in mice infected with influenza virus a/aichi (n3n2), an increase in the ... | 1990 | 1711269 |
| structure and assembly of hemagglutinin mutants of fowl plague virus with impaired surface transport. | five temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus a/fpv/rostock/34 (h7n1), ts206, ts293, ts478, ts482, and ts651, displaying correct hemagglutinin (ha) insertion into the apical plasma membrane of mdck cells at the permissive temperature but defective transport to the cell surface at the restrictive temperature, have been investigated. nucleotide sequence analysis of the ha gene of the mutants and their revertants demonstrated that with each mutant a single amino acid change is responsible f ... | 1992 | 1738202 |
| [mutations in the genes coding for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in cold-adapted variants of the influenza virus a/leningrad/134/57 (h2n2)]. | an analysis of ts-mutations in the genomes of native and cold-adapted variants of influenza a/leningrad/134/57 (h2n2) virus based on the use of fowl plague virus ts mutants was carried out. the recombination test was done by the conventional method in chick embryo fibroblast culture (genes pb2, pb1, pa, np, na, m and ns) or cell systems permissive for reproduction of human influenza virus (gene ha). the cold-adapted strain a/len/17 used for preparation of live influenza vaccine (liv) for adults ... | 1991 | 1882532 |
| on the penetration mechanism of influenza viruses. | the envelopes of influenza viruses contain in addition to lipids also two glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase, that are responsible for the adsorption, receptor splitting, penetration and budding processes of these viruses. in this article, hypotheses presented in the past with regard to the virus penetration are reconsidered. based on results obtained with the fowl plague virus (influenza a/fpv/rostock/34, h7n1) and mdck-cells, we conclude that a fusion between the viral enve ... | 1991 | 1930099 |
| retarded processing of influenza virus hemagglutinin in insect cells. | when expressed in spodoptera frugiperda cells by a baculovirus vector, the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus has been found to contain palmitic acid in covalent hydroxylamine-sensitive linkage, indicating that these cells have the capacity to acylate foreign proteins at cysteine residues. centrifugation on sucrose density gradients and immune precipitation with conformation-specific antibodies were used to compare trimerization of the hemagglutinin in insect cells and in fowl plague virus-infec ... | 1991 | 1984645 |
| mutants and revertants of an avian influenza a virus with temperature-sensitive defects in the nucleoprotein and pb2. | ts19 is a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of the influenza a fowl plague virus with a defect in the nucleoprotein (np). in ts19-infected chicken embryo cells all viral components are synthesized in normal yields at the nonpermissive temperature, but infectious virus is not formed. under these conditions the migration of the np and m of ts19 from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm is affected. this ts defect is due to a single amino acid replacement (r162k) in a completely conserved region of th ... | 1991 | 2014635 |
| polarized sorting of viral glycoproteins to the axon and dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. | cultured hippocampal neurons were infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and a wild-type strain of the avian influenza fowl plague virus (fpv). the intracellular distribution of viral glycoproteins was monitored by immunofluorescence microscopy. in mature, fully polarized neurons the vsv glycoprotein (a basolateral protein in epithelial mdck cells) moved from the golgi complex to the dendritic domain, whereas the hemagglutinin protein of fpv (an apically ... | 1990 | 2163770 |
| the expression of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome in insect cells. | this report presents a synopsis of recently published work in our laboratory on the molecular biology of the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). the following studies have been summarized. (1) on the mode of transcription of the acnpv genome in insect cells. (2) translation of proteins encoded in the 81.2 to 85.0 map unit segment of acnpv. (3) inserts of insect cell dna in the acnpv genome. (4) expression of influenza (fowl plague) virus haemagglutinin i ... | 1990 | 2205973 |
| 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-glycosides of partially o-acetylated n-acetylneuraminic acids as substrates of bacterial and viral sialidases. | 4-o-acetylated, 7-o-acetylated, and 9-o-acetylated 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-n-acetyl-neuraminic acids (neu4,5ac2-mu, neu5,7ac2-mu, neu5,9ac2-mu) were tested as substrates of sialidases of vibrio cholerae and of clostridium perfringens. both sialidases were unable to hydrolyse neu4,5ac2-mu. this compound at 1 mm concentration did not inhibit significantly the cleavage of neu5ac-mu, the best substrate tested. the 4-o-acetylated sialic acid glycoside is hydrolysed slowly by the sialidase from fow ... | 1990 | 2206459 |
| morphological studies of the neutralization of influenza virus by igm. | quantitative relationships between neutralization, aggregation and attachment to monolayers of chick embryo fibroblast (cef) cells have been studied using a constant amount of influenza a/fowl plague virus/rostock/34 (h7n1) and varying amounts of purified mouse polyclonal igm directed against the haemagglutinin, the major viral neutralization antigen. there are two major types of interaction. (i) at low concentrations of igm there is aggregation of virus, but no neutralization provided that the ... | 1990 | 2230737 |
| the oligosaccharides of influenza virus hemagglutinin expressed in insect cells by a baculovirus vector. | the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus has been expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf) cell cultures using a baculovirus vector. to elucidate the structure of the carbohydrate side chains, radioactively labeled oligosaccharides were liberated by treatment with endoglucosaminidase h and glycopeptidase f. sequential degradation with exoglycosidases and chromatographic analyses revealed the presence of oligomannosidic side chains, predominantly of the structures man5-9glcnac2, and the truncated ol ... | 1990 | 2407026 |
| a mutant of fowl plague virus (influenza a) with an enhanced electrophoretic mobility of rna segment 8. | a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts 1/9) obtained by undiluted passage of fowl plague virus (fpv) at 33 degrees c carried a strong ts defect in rna segment 6 [neuraminidase (na) gene] and a weak ts defect in rna segment 8 [non-structural (ns) protein although the viral proteins have normal migration rates, the ns gene migrated during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) significantly faster than the ns gene of wild-type fpv, even after denaturation by glyoxal. despite this observation, the n ... | 1985 | 2410558 |
| synthesis of biologically active influenza virus hemagglutinin in insect larvae. | the hemagglutinin of influenza (fowl plague) virus was expressed in larvae of heliothis virescens by using recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) as a vector. animals were infected with the recombinant virus either by parenteral injection or by feeding. for oral uptake, recombinant virus occluded in polyhedra obtained from cultured spodoptera frugiperda cells after coinfection with authentic acnpv was used. immunohistological analyses of infected animals revealed t ... | 1989 | 2648023 |
| localisation of the temperature-sensitive defect in the nucleoprotein of an influenza a/fpv/rostock/34 virus. | the nucleotide sequences of the nucleoprotein (np) genes of fowl plague virus (fpv) and of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant (ts81) derived therefrom have been determined. the ts81-np nucleotide sequence possesses a single nucleotide substitution in comparison to the wild type. this causes an amino acid exchange at position 332 of the np. an alanine in the wild type-np is substituted by a threonine in ts81-np. this substitution leads to a significant difference in the secondary structure predi ... | 1989 | 2705330 |
| [change in the influenza virus upon multiplication in the presence of high concentrations of remantadine]. | it was established that classical fowl plague virus rostock (h7n1) propagated in culture to which 10-25 micrograms/ml of remantadine had been added differed from the original fpv and its remantadine-resistant variant by markedly reduced infectious and hemagglutinating activity and, to a lesser extent, neuraminidase activity, lower amounts of m protein and hemagglutinin, incomplete cleavage of hemagglutinin, and significant loss of spikes on the virion surface. | 1989 | 2728406 |
| biological and genetic evolution of the nucleoprotein gene of human influenza a viruses. | there is a significant difference in the ability of human influenza a virus h1n1 strains isolated up to 1977 and those isolated later to rescue temperature-sensitive mutants of fowl plague virus with a defect in the nucleoprotein (np) gene. therefore the np genes of five human h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus strains, isolated between 1950 and 1978, have been sequenced. by comparison with previous and more recent isolates, an evolutionary pathway has been established. three amino acid replacement ... | 1989 | 2769232 |