| electron microscopical observations of the structure of the virus of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri). | negative staining of particles of the danish f-1 strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus grown in rainbow trout gonad-2 cells revealed three different types of particles: bacilliform, bullet-shaped, and long particles. the average size of the first two types was 165 x 65 nm. the long particles had a length of up to 3000 nm and showed a close resemblance to marburg virus. well defined surface projections could be found in all particle types. without any special treatment we were able to de ... | 1975 | 1170276 |
| neutralizing-enhancing monoclonal antibody recognizes the denatured glycoprotein of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), 1h10 and 1f10, have been selected against the denatured glycoprotein of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) of salmonids by immunoblotting. three reference vhsv serotypes (f1, f2, 23.75) and five vhsv isolates from either different host species (trout, salmon, barbel) or geographical locations in spain reacted with both mabs by elisa. in vitro neutralization of all vhsv serotypes but not infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) was obtained on ... | 1992 | 1280943 |
| highly sensitive immunoassay for direct diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic septicemia which uses antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. | an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the detection of the viral nucleocapsid (anti-n system) was developed for the diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic septicemia. four monoclonal antibodies directed against the viral nucleocapsid were produced; they all recognized the four viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) serotypes. three of these monoclonal antibodies were used in a new antigen capture elisa. the efficiency of the anti-n system in detecting purified and crud ... | 1992 | 1400999 |
| in vitro studies and in vivo immunisation with the first viral haemorrhagic septicaemia viruses isolated in spain compared to international reference serotypes. | the first five viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) isolates found in spain were examined for in vitro growth characteristics, neutralisation by trout antiserum and immunisation challenge of trout fingerlings by water immersion. the viruses had come from different host species in various geographical locations in different years. three reference vhsv serotypes (f1, f2 and 23.75) were also included in the study. there appeared to be little relationship between the in vivo delay of mortalit ... | 1992 | 1410825 |
| affinity purification of the structural proteins of a fish rhabdovirus by the use of monoclonal antibodies. | a simple procedure for optimization of affinity chromatography is described for parallel purification of four structural proteins of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. monoclonal antibodies to be used as affinity reagents were characterized initially with respect to elution conditions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. subsequently, immobilized antibodies were tested in a microscale nonradioactive direct immunoprecipitation assay, in order to establish optimal conditions for affinity purif ... | 1992 | 1430053 |
| susceptibility of trout kidney macrophages to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) lysed the macrophages from rainbow trout kidney cultures either isolated by plastic adherence or stimulated with purified glycoprotein g from vhsv. the trout macrophages supported the replication of vhsv as tested by cell culture and by sandwich elisa of the supernatants from infected cultures. vhsv-infected macrophages showed a decrease in both acridine-orange fluorescence and average size. immunofluorescence studies with flow cytometry showed positive ... | 1992 | 1472278 |
| staphylococcal coagglutination, a rapid method of identifying infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | a staphylococcal coagglutination test was developed for the rapid detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in cell cultures and infected fish. the test could be completed in 15 min but required a minimum ihnv titer of 10(6) pfu/ml to obtain a positive reaction. all ihnv isolates, representing the five electropherotypes taken from a wide variety of species and different geographic ranges, caused coagglutination of staphylococcus aureus cells sensitized with rabbit polyclonal se ... | 1992 | 1539993 |
| detection of hemorrhagic septicemia virus of salmonid fishes by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay containing high sodium chloride concentration and two noncompetitive monoclonal antibodies against early viral nucleoproteins. | inclusion of high-ionic strength buffers helped us to develop a sandwich elisa to detect hemorrhagic septicemia virus (hsv) in cell culture and infected trout tissue extracts. for maximal sensitivity of 0.1 to 0.2 ng/well/100 microliters or about 10 to 50 tcid50/well/100 microliters, trout extracts were diluted 1:1 and assayed for the earliest synthesized nucleoprotein n. simultaneous binding of the n protein from hsv in the sample to the wells coated with monoclonal antibody (2d5 against the n ... | 1992 | 1626780 |
| nucleocapsid gene sequence of a north american isolate of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia is the most important viral disease of trout in europe. the causative agent, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a member of the lyssavirus genus of the rhabdoviridae family, was formerly believed to be confined to portions of the european continent; however in 1988, vhsv was isolated from adult chinook (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (o. kisutch) salmon returning to two hatcheries in the northwestern part of the state of washington, u.s.a. initial fea ... | 1992 | 1634868 |
| the free nucleocapsids of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus contain two antigenically related nucleoproteins. | a protein of 34 kda (nx) was induced in vitro by the infection of fish cell cultures with the rhabdovirus agent of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) of the trout. this protein only appeared as a major component in concentrated or intracellular labeled vhs virus but not in purified vhs or in the related infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus. that nx protein is antigenically related to the nucleoprotein of purified virus was shown by its reaction with four anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antib ... | 1991 | 1877884 |
| stimulation of adherent cells by addition of purified proteins of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus to trout kidney cell cultures. | purified proteins of the virus causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia in the trout were added to cultures on semisolid medium of leukocytes obtained from either healthy or immunized rainbow trout. adherent cells were specifically stimulated by the glycoprotein of the viral spikes and, to a lesser extent, by the nucleoproteins. in contrast, a specific memory response was associated more with the nucleoproteins than with the glycoprotein when leukocytes from trout immunized with the virus were emplo ... | 1991 | 1905934 |
| cloning and sequencing the messenger rna of the n gene of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | the mrna transcribed from the n gene of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) of salmonids has been cloned in escherichia coli and expressed. fusion proteins were recognized by monoclonal antibody directed against the n protein from the viral particle. a 1212 bp long open reading frame (orf) coding for 404 amino acids with a calculated mr of 44590 was deduced from the nucleotide sequence. the orf was preceded by a 93 bp segment including in position 42 the aacac pentanucleotide which is pr ... | 1990 | 2202782 |
| antigen-capture elisa for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus serotype i. | an antigen-capture elisa for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus serotype i (vhsv i) was developed. the assay employs two monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against distinct epitopes of the viral envelope glycoprotein (gp). the antigen bound by the capture mab (a17) was detected by addition of a second mab (l7) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, followed by addition of the enzyme substrate. the technique is highly sensitive, enabling detection of the virus at a protein concentration as low ... | 1990 | 2266147 |
| molecular cloning of the mrna coding for the g protein of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) of salmonids. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a rhabdovirus, is a major threat for continental european trout fish farming. the development of a recombinant subunit vaccine could solve that problem. the neutralizing epitopes are located on the glycoprotein or g protein, the surface antigen. the g protein has a molecular weight of 65 kda, reduced to 55 kda by deglycosylation. cdna was synthetized from mrna of vhs virus infected cells, and cloned in e. coli. the viral cdna was recognized by positiv ... | 1990 | 2402872 |
| natural anti-tnp antibodies from rainbow trout interfere with viral infection in vitro. | normal and viral-infected rainbow trout (rt) were tested for serum antibody activity against self and nonself antigens. particularly high titres of anti-trinitrophenyl (tnp) antibodies were noted, as in other fish species. to analyse this, the anti-tnp antibodies were isolated by affinity chromatography and their capacity to interfere with viral infection in vitro was studied. we selected rt fibroblasts as target cells, and two common pathogenic viruses in trout, a rhabdovirus, viral haemorrhagi ... | 1989 | 2595079 |
| isolation and identification of trout viruses in south africa. | a total of 3,257 samples of diseased rainbow trout were examined for the presence of viruses from january 1983 to december 1987. a virus closely related to the vr 299 serotype of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus was isolated from 13 cases. an additional 7,228 viscera samples from asymptomatic fish were collected during the same period and a similar virus was isolated from 2 sites. during the same period 2,892 ovarian fluid samples were collected and a similar virus was isolated from 1 site. ... | 1988 | 3143095 |
| [establishment of a fish-virus susceptible cell strain from the pituitary gland of carp (cyprinus carpio l.)]. | a new continuous cell strain (capi) was established from normal pituitary tissue of carp, cyprinus carpio l. cells of a fractionated dispersion (0.25% trypsin-pbs, 10 degrees c) of pituitaries formed monolayer (fibroblast- and epithelial-like-cells) at 25 degrees c using eagle's minimal essential medium (mem) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and non essential amino acids. the continuous cell strain, designated capi, was obtained by an enzymatical selection of epitheloid cells from the mono ... | 1983 | 6675352 |
| viral hemorrhagic septicemia of rainbow trout: selection of a thermoresistant virus variant and comparison of polypeptide synthesis with the wild-type virus strain. | serial passage of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus at gradually increasing temperature selected for a variant virus that replicates at 25 degrees c and has a low pathogenicity for rainbow trout. viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus-specific polypeptide synthesis was examined in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells infected with either a wild-type strain or a thermoresistant variant. the wild-type n and m1 proteins were synthesized throughout the course of infection, whereas l, g, and m2 were more ... | 1980 | 6780698 |
| viral hemorrhagic septicemia of rainbow trout: relation between the g polypeptide and antibody production in protection of the fish after infection with the f25 attenuated variant. | a nonpathogenic variant of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus has been selected which immunizes fish against a subsequent challenge with the wild-type virus strain. in this paper, we demonstrate that both the variant and the wild-type virus strains multiplied in spleen and kidney of infected fish, but the virus yield was lower for the variant and soon dropped below the sensitivity of our titration technique, which indicates that an early mechanism prevents the establishment of septicemia. this e ... | 1983 | 6822436 |
| recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein epitopes expressed in aeromonas salmonicida induce protective immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | fragments of the glycoprotein genes of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) were cloned into a bacterial broad-host-range expression vector under the control of the plac promoter. western blot (immunoblot) analysis with monoclonal antibodies specific to the glycoproteins demonstrated the inducible expression of the fusion proteins in escherichia coli. aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish. it was conf ... | 1995 | 7486994 |
| enhancement of fish mortality by rhabdovirus infection after immunization with a viral nucleoprotein peptide. | a similar sequence to a mouse immunodominant ctl peptide (syvlqgn, single-letter amino acid code, conserved amino acids underlined) identified in the nucleoproteins of several strains of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) (37) was found in the nucleoproteins of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) of salmonid fish (gyvyqgl in vhsv 07.71 and gyvyqgs in vhsv makah) and not in the nucleoproteins of other rhabdoviruses. the in vivo immunization of fingerling salmonid fish (rainbow trout onchorync ... | 1993 | 7513169 |
| [epidemiology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn) of salmonid fish in france: study of the course of natural infection by combined use of viral and seroneutralization test and eradication attempts]. | infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn), a rhabdoviral infection of salmonid fish, was considered to be an exotic disease in europe until it was recognized in france and italy in 1987. in france, the existence of this new condition led the authorities in charge of animal health to order epidemiological studies to be undertaken. these studies were based upon virological, serological and experimental diagnostic methods and also encompassed disease eradication attempts. studies were conducted at 7 ... | 1995 | 7550397 |
| different peptides from hemorrhagic septicemia rhabdoviral proteins stimulate leucocyte proliferation with individual fish variation. | trout leucocytes from most of the survivors of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infections were capable of in vitro proliferation (t-like response) when cultured in the presence of short synthetic peptides designed from the g and the n cdna-derived protein sequences of vhsv, a virus with substantial economic impact in trout farms. in contrast, no significant proliferative responses were obtained for the above-mentioned peptides from leucocytes obtained from either noninfected or genetic ... | 1995 | 7571404 |
| distant strains of the fish rhabdovirus vhsv maintain a sixth functional cistron which codes for a nonstructural protein of unknown function. | we used direct rna sequencing to determine the genomic organization of the region downstream from the g gene of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), a fish rhabdovirus. this region contains a gene coding for a protein, identified as nonvirion protein (nv), and the gene coding for the rna polymerase (l). thus, vhsv genome organization was confirmed to be 3'-n-p-m-g-nv-l-5'. in both a virulent european (07-71) and an avirulent north american (makah) strain, the nv gene is transcribed into a ... | 1995 | 7571446 |
| a recombinant viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus glycoprotein expressed in insect cells induces protective immunity in rainbow trout. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) is a fish rhabdovirus infection of world-wide importance. control policies have been established but the disease still causes heavy losses in fish farming. the development of a recombinant subunit vaccine was initiated to produce a safe and effective vaccine to protect fish against vhs. the vhs virus (vhsv) glycoprotein, which induces neutralizing antibodies in rainbow trout, was chosen for expression in insect cells using a baculovirus vector. the m(r) of th ... | 1994 | 8021589 |
| the polymerase-associated protein (m1) and the matrix protein (m2) from a virulent and an avirulent strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), a fish rhabdovirus. | we have cloned and sequenced the m1 and m2 genes of both a european (virulent) and a north american (avirulent) strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, an important fish pathogen. we also compared the transcription of the two genes following infection of cells and determined the phosphorylation status and detergent solubility of the two proteins. despite a total lack of homology with any available rhabdoviral sequence, the two vhsv proteins share comparable structural features with their ... | 1994 | 8291243 |
| the in vitro infection of the hematopoietic stroma of trout kidney by hemorrhagic septicemia rhabdovirus. | viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) infected the hematopoietic stromal cells (7,8) derived from pronephritic tissue of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchuss mykiss, w., at their ninth passage in vitro. viral infection resulted in the development of lytic cytopathic effects on confluent in vitro tridimensional network stromal cell cultures. replication of vhsv in the stromal cell cultures was demonstrated by the increase in infectivity by epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cell culture assays ... | 1993 | 8292226 |
| concentration of fish enveloped viruses from large volumes of water. | the validity of several concentration procedures for the detection of fish enveloped viruses present in large volumes of water was determined. viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) was used to evaluate adsorption/elution to positively-charged mk filter cartridges for the concentration of enveloped viruses. for fresh water, the efficiency of the procedure ranged from 12 to 100%, with a mean recovery of 57%. in seawater samples, the recoveries varied from 15 to 100%, with a mean recovery of ... | 1993 | 8360314 |
| molecular cloning and expression in escherichia coli of the glycoprotein gene of vhs virus, and immunization of rainbow trout with the recombinant protein. | the gene encoding the envelope glycoprotein of a recent danish isolate of a salmonid rhabdovirus, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) has been cloned and sequenced at the cdna level. when compared with the deduced sequence of a french isolate of vhsv, it was noted that there were 13 amino acid substitutions in the danish virus. amino acid homologies with the glycoprotein of a north american salmonid rhabdovirus (infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus) indicate a high degree of structur ... | 1993 | 8468553 |
| differential diagnosis of fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses by reverse transcriptase-dependent polymerase chain reaction. | reverse transcriptase-dependent polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied to the detection and differentiation of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) using primer pairs designed for the amplification of glycoprotein g-specific gene fragments of the two viruses. the products of 443 bp (vhs) and 548 bp (ihn), respectively, were amplified from the total rna extracts of rtg-2 cells infected with a total of 9 different strains of either vh ... | 1995 | 8576301 |
| the complete genome structure and phylogenetic relationship of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), a member of the family rhabdoviridae, causes a severe disease with high mortality in salmonid fish. the nucleotide sequence (11,131 bases) of the entire genome was determined for the pathogenic wrac strain of ihnv from southern idaho. this allowed detailed analysis of all 6 genes, the deduced amino acid sequences of their encoded proteins, and important control motifs including leader, trailer and gene junction regions. sequence analysis revealed t ... | 1995 | 8578857 |
| molecular biology of fish viruses: a review. | the goal of this review is to present some of the recent molecular aspects in the fish virus studies. although more than 50 different fish virus have been isolated and tissue-culture adapted, very few of them have been molecularly cloned and sequenced. five virus families have been mostly studied: birnaviridae, the prototype being the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv), and the channel catfish virus (ccv) belonging to the herpesviridae family. in the iridoviridae family, the fish lympho ... | 1995 | 8581005 |
| selection of rainbow trout resistant to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and transmission of resistance by gynogenesis. | in 1984 a programme of selection for resistance to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in rainbow trout was initiated. the progenies of 14 males were submitted to a vhsv waterborne challenge. the mortality ranged from 30 to 95% and the heritability of resistance was estimated to be 0.63 +/- 0.26. one male consistently provided the most resistant offspring, and the second generation was produced from sires and dams selected among these families. the mean resistance improved and several fe ... | 1995 | 8581007 |
| eighteen years of vaccination against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in france. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) has been considered for many years to be a major cause of loss in the french trout industry. the high prevalence of vhs in certain geographic areas made a control strategy based on control policy unfeasible. this provided the impetus for immunoprophylaxis development that resulted in 3 successive types of vaccines: inactivated, live attenuated and recombinant vaccines. when delivered by intraperitoneal injection, the 2 propiolactone-inactivated vhs virus was ... | 1995 | 8581010 |
| synthetic peptides reveal a phospholipid binding domain in the glycoprotein of vhsv, a salmonid rhabdovirus. | using phosphatidylserine (ps) binding to solid-phase synthetic 15-aa peptides, which covered the full length glycoprotein g of a salmonid rhabdovirus, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), evidence is presented showing the mapping of its major phospholipid-binding region. three overlapping peptides were the dominant but not exclusive, reactive peptides that defined the phospholipid-binding main region. a 28-aa synthetic peptide (p2, aa 82-109), defined by the sequences of the 3 above-ment ... | 1995 | 8581013 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 2 matrix protein genes (m1 and m2) of hirame rhabdovirus (hrv), a fish rhabdovirus. | we have cloned and sequenced the m1 and m2 protein genes of hirame rhabdovirus (hrv). the m1 protein gene was 684 nucleotides long, encoding 227 amino acids. sequence comparisons between the m1 protein genes of hrv and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) revealed similarities of 65.1 and 40.8% at the nucleotide level and 81.1 and 44.8% at the amino acid level. the m2 protein gene was 582 nucleotides long, encoding 193 amino acids. sequence ... | 1995 | 8581014 |
| the glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv): antigenicity and role in virulence. | in order to study the antigenic structure of the g protein of vhsv, we produced several anti-g monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and used 4 neutralizing mabs (nmabs) to select resistant (mar) mutants. each mar mutant was confronted with the 4 nmabs in a neutralization test, and also with our panel of mabs in surface plasmon resonance (spr) analysis to determine the extent of their relatedness. determination of the sequence of the entire g gene of representative mar mutants allowed us to map the mutat ... | 1995 | 8581015 |
| multiplication of vhs virus in insect cells. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) belongs to the rhabdovirus family and is a major pathogen in farmed rainbow trout. an insect cell culture traditionally used for production of recombinant proteins was found to be susceptible to vhs virus. at ph 6.2, vhsv multiplication induced formation of large syncytia similar to those obtained by baculovirus-induced expression of recombinant vhsv glycoprotein. the vhsv g protein produced in insect cells was smaller than g protein derived from fish ... | 1995 | 8581017 |
| genetic diversity and phylogenetic classification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). | the present study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversity of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and to gain insight into the molecular epidemiology of this fish rhabdovirus. the sequences of the nonstructural (nv) protein and the transmembrane (g) protein of sequential north american and european isolates of vhsv were determined and used to compute phylogenetic trees. according to the percentage of nucleotide or amino acid similarities, north american and european isolates forme ... | 1995 | 8581023 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to differentiate serologically similar viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) virus isolates from europe and america. | since 1988, vhsv (viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus) has occasionally been isolated from salmonids and marine fish in usa. the isolates are so far serologically indistinguishable from the european vhsv reference strain f1. however, the nucleotide sequence of an american isolate (makah) revealed a unique 20 nucleotide sequence in close proximity to the n gene. this sequence is not present in the european vhsv isolates. through the use of pcr (polymerase chain reaction) and specific primer sets ... | 1995 | 8581024 |
| pathogenesis of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus: cellular aspects. | leucocyte populations from rainbow trout subjected to experimental viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) infections under in vivo and in vitro conditions were analysed by flow cytometry. quantitative analysis shows that only a low percentage of the leucocytes support viral replication. lymphocytes, compared with monocytes granulocytes and macrophages, are the least susceptible sub-population. a decrease in the amount of the phagocytic activity was observed after the cells were infected wit ... | 1995 | 8581030 |
| serum neutralization test for epidemiological studies of salmonid rhabdoviroses in france. | serological examination is not yet accepted as being a suitable diagnostic method for fish that are asymptomatic virus carriers. nevertheless, encouraging preliminary results using an end-point serum neutralization test (snt) in several french trout farm populations have demonstrated an excellent correlation between the snt and the previously established virus histories of the tested populations. following the isolation of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in france, serological sc ... | 1995 | 8581031 |
| mapping of the g and n regions of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) inducing lymphoproliferation by pepscan. | | 1995 | 8581032 |
| detection of trout haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus by capture with monoclonal antibodies and amplification with pcr. | | 1995 | 8581034 |
| delineation of an rna-binding region in the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus nucleoprotein. | | 1995 | 8581039 |
| expression of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus structural proteins in the baculovirus expression system. | | 1995 | 8581040 |
| pepscan mapping and fusion-related properties of the major phosphatidylserine-binding domain of the glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, a salmonid rhabdovirus. | the binding of labeled phosphatidylserine (ps) to a collection of synthetic 15-mer peptides covering full-length glycoprotein g (g) of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), a salmonid rhabdovirus, showed three dominant overlapping reactive peptides. this major ps-binding region was contained in a 28-mer peptide (p2; aa 82-109) with consecutive hydrophobic amino acid a-d heptad repeats (putative amphipathic alpha-helix) and 2 carboxy-terminal arginines. this 28-mer peptide showed a 10-fold h ... | 1996 | 8615007 |
| identification of the non-virion (nv) protein of fish rhabdoviruses viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus. | sequence analysis of a 795 nucleotide region of the fish rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) genome revealed one complete and one partial orf of 369 and 153 nucleotides, respectively. the latter orf probably encodes the amino-terminal part of the l (polymerase) protein. the former orf potentially encodes a 122 amino acid protein. the location of this orf as well as the size and deduced structure of the translation product indicate that it represents a homologue of the non-vir ... | 1996 | 8683214 |
| fast neutralization/immunoperoxidase assay for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia with anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody. | an enzyme-immunohistochemical procedure was employed to facilitate neutralization/diagnostic tests for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a significant pathogen in trout farms throughout europe. the method described can be used for trout or mice antibodies; increases speed (1 day), simplicity, and minimizes the use of reagents compared to other neutralization assays. furthermore, the test requires a minimum handling of the cell cultures under sterile conditions, decreasing frequent con ... | 1996 | 8783145 |
| the glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein genes and all of the internal gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and hirame rhabdovirus (hirrv) have been determined from cdna clones generated from viral genomic rna. the svcv glycoprotein gene sequence is 1588 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 509 amino acid (aa) protein. the hirrv glycoprotein gene sequence comprises 1612 nt, coding for a 508 aa protein. in sequence comparisons of 15 rhabdoviru ... | 1996 | 8806175 |
| phosphatidylserine binding to solid-phase rhabdoviral peptides: a new method to study phospholipid/viral protein interactions. | a new method is described for the study of phosphatidylserine binding to rhabdoviral peptides by using solid-phase assays. this new assay could probably be extended to study the interactions between host membrane phospholipid and viral proteins in other viruses. by using labeled and hydrated phosphatidylserine (ps), ps-binding to solid-phase 15-mer peptides (pepscan) could map putative phospholipid-binding regions of the glycoprotein g of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a salmonid r ... | 1996 | 8882935 |
| an in vitro method to obtain t-lymphocyte-like cells from the trout. | we describe a methodology to obtain from the trout t-lymphocyte-like cell cultures showing in vitro antigen-dependent cell (adc) proliferation. adc cultures were developed from each of 3 outbred rainbow trout that survived two consecutive viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) infections (an important salmonid fish disease in europe). as stimulating antigen, we used a yeast recombinant form of the glycoprotein g (g4) of vhsv. no similar adc cultures could be obtained from non-infected contr ... | 1997 | 9075774 |
| immunohistochemical detection of vhs virus in paraffin-embedded specimens of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): the influence of primary antibody, fixative, and antigen unmasking on method sensitivity. | the influence of the primary antibody, the fixative, and the antigen unmasking technique on the method sensitivity of immunohistochemistry as a method for the identification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) virus in paraffin-embedded specimens of naturally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. fish (200-300 g) were collected during an outbreak of vhs. parallel specimens from liver, spleen, kidney, and brain were fixed by immersion in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, per ... | 1997 | 9163887 |
| nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gene of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) viruses from different geographical areas: a link between vhs in farmed fish species and viruses isolated from north sea cod (gadus morhua l.). | rt-pcr methods have been applied to the detection and sequencing of the glycoprotein gene of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), the rhabdovirus which causes viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) in farmed salmonid fish. phylogenetic analysis of a 360 nt region of the glycoprotein gene from a range of marine and fresh water vhsv isolates identified three genogroups, i-iii. significantly, two virus isolates recovered from ulcerated north sea cod caught off the shetland islands, and an iso ... | 1997 | 9191924 |
| immunization with viral antigens: viral haemorrhagic septicaemia. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), is an enveloped negative strand rna virus belonging to the rhabdovirus family. outbreaks of vhs in farmed rainbow trout often lead to very high mortalities and considerable resources are used on disease surveillance and trade regulations in europe to reduce spread of the disease. an efficient vaccine would be particular useful in the early stage of eradication programmes, as well as in endemic infected areas. traditional vaccines such as killed or att ... | 1997 | 9270849 |
| live fish vaccines: history and perspectives. | in the development of live vaccines against enzootic fish viral diseases, the conventional approaches, although somewhat successful, failed finally to deliver efficient, safe, and tagged strains for vaccine application. the genetically-engineered vaccine approach also gave similarly disappointing results. faced with these realities during our work with vhs, we turned our research effort towards understanding the molecular basis of virulence and antigenicity of the virus. using sequence analysis ... | 1997 | 9270856 |
| sequence variation of the glycoprotein gene identifies three distinct lineages within field isolates of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus. | to evaluate the genetic diversity of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), the sequence of the glycoprotein genes (g) of 11 north american and european isolates were determined. comparison with the g protein of representative members of the family rhabdoviridae suggested that vhsv was a different virus species from infectious haemorrhagic necrosis virus (ihnv) and hirame rhabdovirus (hirrv). at a higher taxonomic level, vhsv, ihnv and hirrv formed a group which was genetically closest to ... | 1997 | 9367370 |
| synthetic peptides from the heptad repeats of the glycoproteins of rabies, vesicular stomatitis and fish rhabdoviruses bind phosphatidylserine. | this work follows up on observations previously published concerning phosphatidylserine (ps) binding properties of synthetic peptides (p2) from the hydrophobic heptad repeats of the glycoprotein of viral haemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) rhabdovirus and the presence of similar repeats in the sequences of the glycoproteins of four separate rhabdoviruses. similar p2-like peptides are now synthesized according to the corresponding cdna sequences of infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn), rabies and v ... | 1997 | 9413518 |
| an rna-binding domain in the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus nucleoprotein. | the gene encoding the nucleoprotein (n) and pcr-derived subfragments from viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a salmonid rhabdovirus, were overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) transformed by recombinant expression vector pet-14b containing n and pcr-generated sub-fragment cdnas under the control of the t7 rna polymerase promoter. following induction with iptg, recombinant his-tagged proteins were expressed, purified by affinity metal chelation chromatography under denaturing cond ... | 1998 | 9460921 |
| induction of oral tolerance in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after feeding protein antigens. | induction of oral tolerance against ferritin, recombinant surface glycoprotein of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (klg18) and ovalbumin (ova) was studied in carp. feeding of ferritin or klg18 resulted in lower ab titres compared to unprimed controls when animals were intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with protein 10 weeks later and sampled 21 days after this injection. after administration of ova by different routes (oral, anal, i.m.) and i.m. injection with ova + freund's incomplete adjuvant ... | 1997 | 9533276 |
| [characterization of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) virus isolates in trout]. | virus diseases of fish can seriously impair the economy of aquacultur. control and prevention of fish diseases in the european union (eu) are focussed on the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) and the infectious haematopoeitic necrosis (ihn). the diagnosis of vhs and ihn is performed in the federal republic of germany (frg) on the basis of the legislation of the eu. since 1994 we received an increasing number of vhs virus (vhsv) isolates which did not react with a commercially available anti-v ... | 1998 | 9542808 |
| phospholipid interactions of a peptide from the fusion-related domain of the glycoprotein of vhsv, a fish rhabdovirus. | previous studies mapped a p2 domain (aa 82-109) which binds phosphatidylserine (ps) (estepa and coll, 1996a) and contains three contiguous hydrophobic amino acid heptad repeats followed by a positively charged stretch (coll, 1995b) in the glycoprotein g of the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), a fish rhabdovirus. anti-p2 antibodies inhibited low-ph vhsv-induced fusion (estepa and coll, 1997) and low-ph ps binding to vhsv (estepa and coll, 1996a). we report here further studies on the in ... | 1998 | 9580549 |
| in vitro interaction of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and leukocytes from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a well known salmonids pathogen, has also been reported to be pathogenic for turbot (scophthalmus maximus). in the present work, the replication of vhsv was studied in vitro in turbot head kidney macrophages and blood leukocytes. vhsv was able to infect both primary cultures and viral titer increased with time, either inside the cells or in the supernatant. however, no cytopathic effect was observed during the experiments and the titers were always lo ... | 1998 | 9646440 |
| viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, ichthyophonus hoferi, and other causes of morbidity in pacific herring clupea pallasi spawning in prince william sound, alaska, usa. | pacific herring clupea pallasi populations in prince william sound, alaska, usa, declined from an estimated 9.8 x 10(7) kg in 1992 to 1.5 x 10(7) kg in 1994. to determine the role of disease in population decline, 233 pacific herring from prince william sound were subjected to complete necropsy during april 1994. the north american strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) was isolated from 11 of 233 fish (4.7%). vhsv was significantly related to myocardial mineralization, hepatocellul ... | 1998 | 9676259 |
| rapid and sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction based detection and differential diagnosis of fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses in organ samples and cultured cells. | a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed and applied to the detection and differentiation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in organ samples and cultured cells, regardless of the serotype. this method was developed by selecting primer sets corresponding to highly conserved regions of the glycoprotein g-gene sequences of the 2 viruses. the very fast rna extraction, reverse transcription and pcr p ... | 1998 | 9789975 |
| combined dna immunization with the glycoprotein gene of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus induces double-specific protective immunity and nonspecific response in rainbow trout. | glycoprotein (g) of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) contains several neutralizing epitopes. however, recombinant g protein never matches intact viral particles for immunogenicity. dna immunization offers the possibility to deliver the antigen through the cellular machinery, thus mimicking natural infection. we constructed pcdna gvhs and pcdna gihn plasmids with the g gene of vhsv and ihnv under the control of the cmv promoter, and we t ... | 1998 | 9791021 |
| characterization of intramolecular disulfide bonds and secondary modifications of the glycoprotein from viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus. | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infections cause high losses in cultured rainbow trout in europe. attempts to produce a recombinant vaccine based on the transmembrane glycoprotein (g protein) have indicated that proper folding is important for the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the protein. the present study was initiated to identify the disulfide bonds and other structural aspects relevant to vaccine design. the n-terminal amino acid residue was identified as being a pyroglutamic ... | 1998 | 9811760 |
| mapping of linear antibody epitopes of the glycoprotein of vhsv, a salmonid rhabdovirus. | antibody linear epitopes of the glycoprotein g (gpg) of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a rhabdovirus of salmonids, were mapped by pepscan using overlapping 15-mer peptides covering the entire gpg sequence and elisa with polyclonal and monoclonal murine and polyclonal trout antibodies. among the regions recognized in the pepscan by the polyclonal antibodies (pabs) were the previously identified phosphatidylserine binding heptad-repeats (estepa & coll 1996; virology 216:60-70) an ... | 1998 | 9891732 |
| purification of the glycoprotein g from viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus, by lectin affinity chromatography. | a new method for the isolation of glycoprotein g from viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a fish rhabdovirus, was developed by using affinity chromatography with immobilized concanavalin a (cona). the glycoprotein g was isolated from detergent solubilized concentrated virions and from large-volume virion-free supernatants from vhsv infected cells (soluble form). the purity achieved was higher than 85%. the estimated recovery of the initial glycoprotein g present in the virions was betwe ... | 1998 | 9923734 |
| vig-1, a new fish gene induced by the rhabdovirus glycoprotein, has a virus-induced homologue in humans and shares conserved motifs with the moaa family. | we used mrna differential display methodology to analyze the shift of transcription profile induced by the fish rhabdovirus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), in rainbow trout leukocytes. we identified and characterized a new gene which is directly induced by vhsv. this vhsv-induced gene (vig-1) encodes a 348-amino-acid protein. vig-1 is highly expressed during the experimental disease in lymphoid organs of the infected fish. intramuscular injection of a plasmid vector expressing the vi ... | 1999 | 9971762 |
| [detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. diagnostic validation]. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) is a fish pathogen that attacks rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farming. the only diagnostic method recognised by the european community for vhs is based on the detection of the viral agent in cell culture followed by an immunological identification of the pathogen. reverse transcription followed by a double amplification of the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the gene encoding the viral glycoprotein g is proposed here as an alternative meth ... | 1999 | 10081112 |
| virus susceptibility of the fish cell line saf-1 derived from gilt-head seabream. | the recently reported saf-1 cell line from fins of gilt-head seabream was evaluated for susceptibility to lymphocystis disease virus (ldv) and to several salmonid fish viruses, such as infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and several strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). ldv, vhsv and ihnv replicated well in the cultured fin cells as demonstrated by cell lysis and increases in viral titer. the potential use of this cell lin ... | 1999 | 10092979 |
| viral-antigen dependence and t-cell receptor expression in leucocytes from rhabdovirus immunized trout. | this work describes the characterization of trout haematopoietic in vitro long-term cell cultures showing specific viral antigen-dependent cell (adc) proliferation. the adc cultures were developed from outbreed trout after surviving viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) infections or after immunization with purified vhsv. for in vitro long-term proliferation of the adc cultures, adherent (ad) cells obtained from autologous trout were pulsed with vhsv recombinant glycoprotein g4 (g4-pulsed a ... | 1999 | 10231953 |
| mutations in the glycoprotein of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus that affect virulence for fish and the ph threshold for membrane fusion. | to study the molecular basis of virulence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), we used a cross-reactive neutralizing mab to select mab-resistant (mar) mutants with reduced pathogenicity for fish. from sequence determination of the g gene of mar mutants, attenuated laboratory variant and avirulent field strains, we identified two distant regions of the glycoprotein associated with virulence: region i (aa 135-161), homologous to the putative fusion peptide of both rabies virus (rv) and ... | 1999 | 10355769 |
| fish rhabdovirus cell entry is mediated by fibronectin. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) generated against rainbow trout gonad cells (rtg-2) have been selected for their ability to protect cells from the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection, a salmonid rhabdovirus. protection from infection was restricted to the salmonid-derived cell lines indicating species specificity of the blocking mabs. surprisingly, the blocking activity of these mabs was also effective against other nonantigenically related fish rhabdoviruses. indirect immunof ... | 1999 | 10438860 |
| epizootiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in pacific herring from the spawn-on-kelp fishery in prince william sound, alaska, usa. | both the prevalence and tissue titer of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) increased in pacific herring clupea pallasi following their introduction into net pens (pounds) used in the closed pound spawn-on-kelp (sok) fishery in prince william sound, alaska. vhsv was also found in water samples from inside and outside the sok pounds after herring had been confined for several days; however, water samples taken near wild free-ranging, spawning herring either failed to test positive or tested ... | 1999 | 10439900 |
| establishment and characterization of 13 cell lines from a green turtle (chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomas. | thirteen cell lines were established and characterized from brain, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, liver, gall bladder, urinary bladder, pancreas, testis, skin, and periorbital and tumor tissues of an immature male green turtle (chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomas. cell lines were optimally maintained at 30 degrees c in rpmi 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. propagation of the turtle cell lines was serum dependent, and plating efficiencies ranged from 13 to 37%. the cell lines, ... | 1999 | 10462202 |
| inter-laboratory comparison of cell lines for susceptibility to three viruses: vhsv, ihnv and ipnv. | eleven european national reference laboratories participated in an inter-laboratory comparison of the susceptibility of 5 selected cell lines to 3 fish pathogenic viruses. the test included viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv); infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv), and the cell lines derived from bluegill fry (bf-2), chinook salmon embryo (chse-214), epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc), fathead minnow (fhm) and rainbow trout gonad ( ... | 1999 | 10494498 |
| complete genomic sequence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the fish rhabdovirus viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) has been determined. the genome comprises 11158 bases and contains six long open reading frames encoding the nucleoprotein n, phosphoprotein p, matrix protein m, glycoprotein g, nonstructural viral protein nv, and polymerase l. genes are arranged in the order 3'-n-p-m-g-nv-l-5'. the exact 3' and 5' ends were determined after rna-oligonucleotide ligation or race. they show inverse complementarity as ... | 1999 | 10499451 |
| genetic vaccination of rainbow trout against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus: small amounts of plasmid dna protect against a heterologous serotype. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) is known as one of the most important diseases in cultured rainbow trout in europe. an efficient vaccine is highly desirable, but so far only limited success has been obtained with traditional products based on killed or attenuated virus. genetic immunization with a plasmid vector containing the vhs virus glycoprotein gene under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter has recently been shown to induce high levels of protection against the homologous virus i ... | 1999 | 10509712 |
| structure, binding and neutralization of vhsv with synthetic peptides. | the phosphatidylserine binding region p2 of vhsv was characterized and was shown to be involved with fusion. synthetic peptides corresponding to this region interact with phospholipids by penetrating into the membrane and changing to a beta sheet configuration. computer modeling of this region shows the possible ways by which the interaction with the membranes can succeed. inhibitory peptides are presently being sought by studying possible interactions within heptad repeats located in other regi ... | 1999 | 10509713 |
| analysis of the nucleoprotein gene identifies distinct lineages of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus within the european marine environment. | a ribonuclease (rnase) protection assay (rpa) has been used to detect nucleotide sequence variation within the nucleoprotein gene of 39 viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) isolates of european marine origin. the classification of vhsv isolates based on rpa cleavage patterns permitted the identification of ten distinct groups of viruses based on differences at the molecular level. the nucleotide sequence of representatives of each of these groupings was determined and subjected to phyloge ... | 1999 | 10509714 |
| isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) from wild marine fish species in the baltic sea, kattegat, skagerrak and the north sea. | in order to analyse the occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the marine environment surrounding denmark, fish tissue samples were collected on four cruises with the research vessel h/s dana in 1996 and 1997. the sampling comprised 923 samples totalling 7344 fish representing 29 different species. vhsv was isolated from 24 fish samples from the baltic sea, four samples from skagerrak and three samples from the north sea. the virus-positive host species included herring clu ... | 1999 | 10509720 |
| molecular characterization of the glycoproteins from two warm water rhabdoviruses: snakehead rhabdovirus (shrv) and rhabdovirus of penaeid shrimp (rps)/spring viremia of carp virus (svcv). | we have determined the complete coding sequences for the glycoprotein (g) genes from two rhabdoviruses that infect warm water aquatic animals, the snakehead rhabdovirus (shrv) and rhabdovirus of penaeid shrimp (rps). surprisingly, the g nucleotide sequence from rps, a virus which has been isolated from diseased shrimp in hawaii on numerous occasions, was over 99% identical to the g nucleotide sequence from spring viremia of carp virus (svcv), a fish virus from europe and asia. this is the first ... | 1999 | 10518707 |
| multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr assay for simultaneous detection of three fish viruses. | a multiplex reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of three different fish viruses: infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). the sensitivity levels of the multiplex rt-pcr assay were 100, 1, and 32 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for ipnv, ihnv, and vhsv, respectively. | 1999 | 10565946 |
| in vitro inhibition of the replication of haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) and african swine fever virus (asfv) by extracts from marine microalgae. | we have screened for in vitro inhibition of viral replication with extracts from the following marine microalgae: porphyridium cruentum, phaeodactylum tricornutum, tetraselmis suecica, chlorella autotrophica, dunaliella tertiolecta, dunaliella bardawil, isochrysis galbana, isochrysis galbana var tiso, ellipsoidon sp. and tetraselmis tetrathele. we have used as viral models two enveloped viruses of significant economic importance, the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) of salmonid fish and ... | 1999 | 10588334 |
| isolation of the north american strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) associated with epizootic mortality in two new host species of alaskan marine fish. | thousands of dead pacific herring clupea pallasi, pacific hake merluccius productus and walleye pollock theragra chalcogramma were reported in lisianski inlet near pelican, alaska, usa, on august 1, 1998. the pacific hake and pollock continued to die through the end of september. virological examinations of dead fish identified the north american strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) from all 3 species of fish as well as associated high virus titers and possible histopathological l ... | 1999 | 10598280 |
| role of nitric oxide on the replication of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), a fish rhabdovirus. | in the present work, we have studied the role of nitric oxide (no) on the replication of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), a virus which produces high mortalities in fish aquaculture worldwide and that is known to replicate in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) head kidney macrophages. viral infection of turbot kidney macrophages in vitro induced an up-regulation of no production and we have tested whether this endogenous no production induced by vhsv on macrophages had an antiviral effect ... | 1999 | 10628670 |
| experimental susceptibility of turbot scophthalmus maximus to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolated from cultivated turbot. | juvenile pathogen-free turbot were infected with a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) isolate recovered from turbot cultivated on the island of gigha, west scotland. mortality of 100% was recorded in fish infected via the intra-peritoneal (i.p.) route. horizontal transmission of vhsv in sea water was demonstrated by cohabitation of naive fish with i.p. infected fish at a ratio of 1:1. the total cumulative average mortality in cohabiting fish was 60% by 60 d post-infection. turbot infect ... | 1999 | 10686667 |
| development and characterization of a cell line from pacific herring, clupea harengus pallasi, sensitive to both naphthalene cytotoxicity and infection by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. | a cell line, phl, has been successfully established from newly hatched herring larvae. the cells are maintained in growth medium consisting of leibovitz's l-15 supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (fbs), and have been cryopreserved and maintain viability after thawing. these cells retain a diploid karotype after 65 population doublings. phl are susceptible to infection by the north american strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) virus, and are sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of naph ... | 1999 | 10813363 |
| rescue of synthetic salmonid rhabdovirus minigenomes. | synthetic t7-driven cdna minigenomes containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene as a reporter were derived from the genome of two salmonid novirhabdoviruses, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv). we showed that an exogenous ihnv rna minigenome transfected into fish cells could be rescued following ihnv infection as it was replicated, encapsidated and transcribed. when cells were infected with a recombinant vaccinia v ... | 2000 | 10900031 |
| three monoclonal antibodies to the vhs virus glycoprotein: comparison of reactivity in relation to differences in immunoglobulin variable domain gene sequences. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the vhsv g protein were compared in different immunoassays and the variable domain cdna sequences from the respective immunoglobulin (ig) genes were determined. one mab (ip1h3) was non-neutralising and recognised different virus isolates equally well in elisa. the other two were neutralising and recognised the same or closely related epitopes. one of these two mabs (3f1h10) was more restricted in its ability to neutralise heterologous vhsv isolates than the ... | 2000 | 10938729 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the entire coding regions of virulent and avirulent strains of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the six open reading frames (n, p, m, g, nv and l) and the intergenic regions were determined for two virulent freshwater strains and two avirulent marine strains of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv). sequence analysis of 10,845 nucleotides revealed > 97.2% nucleotide sequence similarity and > 98.6% amino acid similarity, confirming the close genetic relationship between marine and freshwater strains of vhsv. moreover, as few as 10 amino acid substi ... | 2000 | 10949954 |
| susceptibility of juvenile atlantic cod gadus morhua to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolated from wild-caught atlantic cod. | a european strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) isolated from wild-caught cod gadus morhua (h16/7/95) was shown to cause clinical disease and mortality in excess of 80% in juvenile atlantic cod when administered by the intra-peritoneal (i.p.) route. no virus was recovered from cod cohabiting with experimentally infected fish at a ratio of 1:1, and no vhsv-associated mortality was demonstrated following immersion infection. external signs of disease in cod were the presence of ex ... | 2000 | 10950185 |
| isolation and identification of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) viruses from cod gadus morhua with the ulcus syndrome and from haddock melanogrammus aeglefinus having skin haemorrhages in the north sea. | during fish disease surveys for marine rhabdoviruses in 1993 and 1995, the cod ulcus syndrome was seen widely in all ages of cod, especially the 2 to 5+ year classes. viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) was isolated from a small proportion of the lesion-positive fish and these isolates were identified by immunofluorescence or elisa. a serendipitous observation of dermal petechiae on haddock was made. vhsv was isolated from this lesion for the first time indicating a new host species for ... | 2000 | 10950186 |
| virulence and nucleotide sequence analysis of marine viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus following in vivo passage in rainbow trout onchorhynchus mykiss. | a marine isolate of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) (860/94) was passaged in triplicate through sequential batches of rainbow trout via an intra-peritoneal infection route, without amplification in tissue culture. following 5 passages, the vhsv glycoprotein gene was amplified directly from fish tissue homogenates and the consensus sequence compared to that of the original tissue culture isolate. virus was also recovered directly from pools of kidney and spleen material after 5 passag ... | 2000 | 10986641 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus and pseudorabies virus induce a vig1/cig5 homologue in mouse dendritic cells via different pathways. | the homologous genes vig1 and cig5 were identified by differential display pcr as virus-induced genes in rainbow trout and humans, respectively. these genes are significantly related to sequences required for the biosynthesis of metal cofactors, but their function remains unknown. in this study, it is shown that the mouse homologue of vig1/cig5 was induced by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and pseudorabies virus (prv) in mouse spleen cells. among a collection of cell lines from dendritic, myel ... | 2000 | 11038379 |
| immunoprophylaxis in fish by injection of mouse antibody genes. | antibodies are a crucial part of the body's specific defense against infectious diseases and have considerable potential as therapeutic and prophylactic agents in humans and animals. the development of recombinant single-chain antibodies allows a genetic application strategy for prevention of infectious diseases. to test this in a fish model, a gene construct encoding a neutralizing single-chain antibody to the fish-pathogenic rhabdovirus vhsv (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus) was administere ... | 2000 | 11062437 |
| survival of the north american strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in filtered seawater and seawater containing ovarian fluid, crude oil and serum-enriched culture medium. | the north american strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (na-vhsv) could be recovered for up to 40 h in natural filtered seawater (27 ppt) with a 50% loss of infectivity after approximately 10 h at 15 degrees c. addition of 10 ppb north slope crude oil to the seawater had no effect on virus survival. however, when various concentrations of teleost ovarian fluid were added to seawater, virus could be recovered after 72 h at 0.01% ovarian fluid and after 96 h at 1.0%. when cell culture medi ... | 2001 | 11253879 |
| dna vaccination by immersion and ultrasound to trout viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | this work reports preliminary data on the application of a novel method, ultrasound, for the dna vaccination of rainbow trout. first, the best formulations were selected that increased the transfer by immersion of a plasmid coding for the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene into trout fry. quantification of gfp expression by fluorescence in the fin cells was used to study time course, dna concentration dependence and comparison of different formulations. the best gfp expression results were obt ... | 2001 | 11312001 |