| vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus glycoprotein gene sequence and neutralizing epitope stability in an enzootic focus. | vesicular stomatitis new jersey (vs nj) virus is capable of undergoing rapid evolution in nature and therefore has the potential for antigenic variation. we selected an area of costa rica where vs nj virus is enzootic to study whether this virus used the mechanism of antigenic variation to persist in nature. three sentinel herds and three nonsentinel herds were observed from 1986 to 1988. eleven vs nj virus isolates were collected from naturally infected cattle. remarkably, nine animals that wer ... | 1990 | 1693802 |
| serological monitoring of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus in enzootic regions of costa rica. | the activity of vesicular stomatitis viruses was monitored on 3 dairy farms in costa rica. antibody levels were measured and clinical disease monitored in 165 cattle during a 20 month period (1986-1988). vesicular stomatitis new jersey (vs nj) virus was shown to be enzootic on these farms by a 94.2% prevalence of neutralizing antibody; this did not vary significantly between herds. the mean prevalence of antibody to vesicular stomatitis indiana (vs in) virus was 15.2%, but was significantly high ... | 1990 | 2156464 |
| vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus rna persists in cattle following convalescence. | to test the hypothesis that vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsv-nj) persists in convalescent cattle, we used explant cultures and reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reactions to probe for viral genomic, replicative intermediate, and mrna in two cows experimentally inoculated in the tongue 5 months earlier and three cows naturally infected 4-14 months previously. virus was not isolated from any tissues of any animal. sequences of the viral polymerase and nucleocapsid genes were ... | 1996 | 8638415 |
| the glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein genes and all of the internal gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and hirame rhabdovirus (hirrv) have been determined from cdna clones generated from viral genomic rna. the svcv glycoprotein gene sequence is 1588 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 509 amino acid (aa) protein. the hirrv glycoprotein gene sequence comprises 1612 nt, coding for a 508 aa protein. in sequence comparisons of 15 rhabdoviru ... | 1996 | 8806175 |
| ecological factors rather than temporal factors dominate the evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus. | vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsv-nj) is a rhabdovirus that causes economically important disease in cattle and other domestic animals in endemic areas from southeastern united states to northern south america. its negatively stranded rna genome is capable of undergoing rapid evolution, which allows phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiology studies to be performed. previous epidemiological studies in costa rica showed the existence of at least two distinct ecological zones of hig ... | 1996 | 8917539 |
| location of neutralizing epitopes on the g protein of bovine ephemeral fever rhabdovirus. | the surface glycoprotein g is the major neutralizing and protective antigen of bovine ephemeral fever rhabdovirus (befv). twelve neutralizing mabs against befv strain bb7721 were used to select 33 neutralization escape mutants. the mutants had been classified previously into three major antigenic sites (g1-g3) based on their cross-neutralization patterns. the nucleotide sequence of the entire extracellular domain of the g protein gene was determined for all mutants. each contained a single nucle ... | 1998 | 9820132 |
| potentiation of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus infection in mice by mosquito saliva. | saliva of arthropod vectors can modulate vertebrate host immunological functions in many ways. to investigate if vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnj) infection could be potentiated by arthropod saliva, mice in three different age groups (3 days, 3 weeks, or > 8 months) were exposed to vsnj-infected mosquitoes or were needle injected with an equivalent dose of vsnj (titre 1.5-3 logs). previous studies have demonstrated that vs viruses do not replicate in mice older than 3 weeks of age. in ... | 2000 | 10972853 |
| oral infection of culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) by vesicular stomatitis virus. | vesicular stomatitis virus serotype new jersey (vsnjv) was mixed with bovine blood or fetal bovine serum (fbs) and fed across silicone membranes to laboratory populations of culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones. in an initial study, virus was detected after 13 d in 21% of the midges that received an fbs/vsnjv mixture. in subsequent time-course experiments, engorged females were collected and maintained at 20.0 degrees c and assayed for vsnjv immediately after feeding and at 1, 3, 7, 10 and 13 d a ... | 2000 | 11004797 |
| effect of mosquito salivary gland treatment on vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus replication and interferon alpha/beta expression in vitro. | the sensitivity of vesicular stomatitis (vs) viruses to interferon (ifn)-mediated antiviral effects has been well documented. previous studies in our laboratory have shown the ability of mosquito saliva to enhance vesicular stomatitis new jersey (vsnj) virus infection in mice. to investigate the effect of mosquito saliva on virus replication and ifn alpha/beta expression, virus titers were analyzed at various time points after infection in cells that were treated with mosquito salivary gland hom ... | 2003 | 12693849 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is a determinant of pathogenesis in swine, a natural host. | there are two major serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), indiana (vsiv) and new jersey (vsnjv). we recovered recombinant vsivs from engineered cdnas that contained either (i) one copy of the vsiv g gene (vsiv-g(i)); (ii) two copies of the g gene, one from each serotype (vsiv-g(nj)g(i)); or (iii) a single copy of the g(nj) gene instead of the g(i) gene (vsiv-g(nj)). the recombinant viruses expressed the appropriate glycoproteins, incorporated them into virions, and were neutralized by a ... | 2003 | 12829843 |
| recombinant vesicular stomatitis (indiana) virus expressing new jersey and indiana glycoproteins induces neutralizing antibodies to each serotype in swine, a natural host. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is the most common cause of vesicular disease outbreaks in livestock throughout the western hemisphere. two major serotypes, indiana and new jersey, cause epidemic disease in pigs, cattle, and horses. we generated recombinant viruses derived from the indiana serotype genome that were engineered to contain and express: (1) a single copy of the glycoprotein gene from the indiana serotype (vsiv-gi); (2) a single copy of the glycoprotein gene from the new jersey sero ... | 2004 | 15364454 |
| black fly involvement in the epidemic transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus). | the transmission routes of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv), a causative agent of vesicular stomatitis, an office international des epizooties list-a disease, are not completely understood. epidemiological and entomological studies conducted during the sporadic epidemics in the western united states have identified potential virus transmission routes involving insect vectors and animal-to-animal contact. in the present study we experimentally tested the previously proposed transmiss ... | 2004 | 15671739 |
| cloning and expression of canine interferon-alpha genes in escherichia coli. | we cloned five new subtypes of cdna encoding canine interferon-alpha (caifn-alpha) from a canine epithelial cell line. caifn-alphas were divided into two groups by amino acid sequences and a molecular phylogenic tree. two subtypes of them were expressed in escherichia coli, and ifn proteins were purified. recombinant caifn-alphas were highly species-specific and showed antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus and canine adenovirus-1 , but not against canine herpesvirus-1. | 2005 | 16276065 |
| transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus to cattle by the biting midge culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | laboratory-reared culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus serotype new jersey (family rhabdoviridae, genus vesiculovirus, vsnjv) through intrathoracic inoculation. after 10-d incubation at 25 degrees c, these insects were allowed to blood feed on four steers. two other steers were exposed to vsnjv through intralingual inoculation with 10(8) tissue culture infective dose50 vsnjv. all six steers became seropositive for vsnjv. the results demonstrate the ab ... | 2006 | 16619618 |
| infection of guinea pigs with vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus transmitted by culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | intrathoracically inoculated culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones were capable of transmitting vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (family rhabdoviridae, genus vesiculovirus, vsnjv) during blood feeding on the abdomen of six guinea pigs. none of the guinea pigs infected in this manner developed clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis despite seroconversion for vsnjv. guinea pigs infected by intradermal inoculations of vsnjv in the abdomen also failed to develop clinical signs of vesicular stomat ... | 2006 | 16739417 |
| vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) infects keratinocytes and is restricted to lesion sites and local lymph nodes in the bovine, a natural host. | inoculation of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) by skin scarification of the coronary-band in cattle, a natural host of vsnjv, resulted in vesicular lesions and 6-8 log(10) tcid(50) increase in skin virus titers over a 72 h period. virus infection was restricted to the lesion sites and lymph nodes draining those areas but no virus or viral rna was found in the blood or in 20 other organs and tissues sampled at necropsy. scarification of flank skin did not result in lesions or a sign ... | 2007 | 17506968 |
| molecular epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus from the 2004-2005 us outbreak indicates a common origin with mexican strains. | vesicular stomatitis (vs) outbreaks of unknown origin occur at 8-10-year intervals in the south-western usa with the most recent outbreak beginning in 2004. a previous study has suggested that strains causing us outbreaks are closely related to strains causing outbreaks in mexico [rodriguez (2002) virus res 85, 211-219]. this study determined the phylogenetic relationships among 116 vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) strains obtained from the 2004 outbreak and from endemic areas in me ... | 2007 | 17554039 |
| characterization of the full-length genomic sequences of vesicular stomatitis cocal and alagoas viruses. | in brazil and argentina, vesicular stomatitis (vs) is caused by distinct viral strains serologically related to the classical vesicular stomatitis virus indiana (vsiv), namely vs indiana-2 (vsiv-2) and vs indiana-3 (vsiv-3). here we describe the full-length genomic sequences and organization of the prototype strains of vsiv-2 cocal virus (cocv) and vsiv-3 alagoas virus (vsav). these viruses showed similar genomic organizations to vsiv field isolates except that the non-structural c'/c proteins, ... | 2008 | 18512001 |
| field evaluation of a multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of vesicular stomatitis virus. | sporadic outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (vs) in the united states result in significant economic losses for the u.s. livestock industries because vs is a reportable disease that clinically mimics foot-and-mouth disease. rapid and accurate differentiation of these 2 diseases is critical because their consequences and control strategies differ radically. the objective of the current study was to field validate a 1-tube multiplexed real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real- ... | 2009 | 19286495 |
| experimental transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus from simulium vittatum to cattle: clinical outcome is influenced by site of insect feeding. | vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) is an insect-transmitted rhabdovirus causing vesicular disease in domestic livestock including cattle, horses, and pigs. natural transmission during epidemics remains poorly understood, particularly in cattle, one of the most affected species during outbreaks. this study reports the first successful transmission of vsnjv to cattle by insect bite resulting in clinical disease. when infected black flies (simulium vittatum zetterstedt) fed at sites wher ... | 2009 | 19645291 |
| mechanical transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus by simulium vittatum (diptera: simuliidae) to domestic swine (sus scrofa). | biting flies have been suggested as mechanical vectors of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (family rhabdoviridae, genus vesiculovirus, vsnjv) in livestock populations during epidemic outbreaks in the western united states. we conducted a proof-of-concept study to determine whether biting flies could mechanically transmit vsnjv to livestock by using a black fly, simulium vittatum zetterstedt (diptera: simuliidae), domestic swine, sus scrofa l., model. black flies mechanically transmitted vsn ... | 2009 | 19960709 |
| spatial and phylogenetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus over-wintering in the united states. | from 2004 through 2006, 751 vesicular stomatitis (vs) outbreaks caused by vesicular stomatitis virus serotype new jersey (vsnjv) were reported in nine states of the southwestern united states. the normal model of the spatial scan statistic and phylogenetic techniques were used to assess whether the spatial and genetic relations among vsnjv outbreaks were consistent with the hypothesis that vsnjv over-wintered in specific regions of the southwestern united states infected in 2004 and 2005, respec ... | 2010 | 19962205 |
| development of a blocking elisa using a recombinant glycoprotein for the detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus. | a recombinant glycoprotein (r-gp) of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsv-nj) was expressed in insect cells by a baculovirus system. its utility as a diagnostic antigen in a blocking elisa was investigated as an alternative to the current native gp extracted from vsv-nj. with the cut-off value of 73% inhibition, the r-gp elisa exhibited 99.1% specificity for naive sera from cattle and horses. it did not cross-react with vsv-indiana (vsv-in) positive sera and differentiated from foot-and-mo ... | 2010 | 20018211 |
| experimental infection of didelphis marsupialis with vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus. | although vesicular stomatitis has been present for many years in the americas, many aspects of its natural history remain undefined. in this study, we challenged five adult virginia opossums (didelphis marsupialis) with vesicular stomatitis new jersey serotype virus (vsnjv). opossums had no detectable antibodies against vsnjv prior to being inoculated with 10(6.5) median tissue culture infective doses (tcid(50)) of vsnjv by two routes; intraepithelial/subepithelial (ie/se) inoculation and scarif ... | 2010 | 20090034 |
| improvement and optimization of a multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and typing of vesicular stomatitis virus. | an improvement to a previously reported real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time rt-pcr) assay for the detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is described. results indicate that the new assay is capable of detecting a panel of genetically representative strains of vsv present in north, central, and south america. the assay is specific for vsv and allows for simultaneous differentiation between vesicular stomatitis indiana virus and vesicular stomatitis new jers ... | 2010 | 20453220 |
| lesion development and replication kinetics during early infection in cattle inoculated with vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus via scarification and black fly (simulium vittatum) bite. | vesicular stomatitis viruses are the causative agents of vesicular stomatitis, an economically important contagious disease of livestock that occurs in north, central, and south america. little is known regarding the early stages of infection in natural hosts. twelve adult holstein steers were inoculated with vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) on the coronary bands (cb) of the feet via scarification (sc) or by vsnjv-infected black fly (simulium vittatum) bite (fb). three additional an ... | 2011 | 20858740 |
| apparent disappearance of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus from ossabaw island, georgia. | abstract ossabaw island, georgia, is the only reported endemic focus of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) in the united states. based on recent negative serologic results of white-tailed deer and feral swine and the failure to isolate vsnjv from lutzomyia shannoni, it appears that vsnjv is no longer present at this site. this apparent disappearance does not appear to be related to a change in l. shannoni habitat, specifically to the density of tree holes in the maritime and mixed har ... | 2010 | 20954866 |
| estimation of the time of seroconversion to the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus in sentinel cattle of dairy herds located at high and low elevations in southern mexico. | to estimate the time of seroconversion to the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsnjv) in sentinel cattle of dairy herds located at high and low elevations in southern mexico and to determine the factors associated with an increase in vsnjv transmission. | 2010 | 21117996 |
| domestic cattle as a non-conventional amplifying host of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus. | the role of vertebrates as amplifying and maintenance hosts for vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) remains unclear. livestock have been considered dead-end hosts because detectable viraemia is absent in vsnjv-infected animals. this study demonstrated two situations in which cattle can represent a source of vsnjv to simulium vittatum zetterstedt (diptera: simuliidae) by serving: (a) as a substrate for horizontal transmission among co-feeding black flies, and (b) as a source of infectio ... | 2010 | 21133963 |
| genetic and antigenic relationships of vesicular stomatitis viruses from south america. | vesicular stomatitis (vs) viruses have been classified into two serotypes: new jersey (vsnjv) and indiana (vsiv). here, we have characterized field isolates causing vesicular stomatitis in brazil and argentina over a 35-year span. cluster analysis based on either serological relatedness, as inferred from virus neutralization and complement fixation assays, or nucleotide sequences of two separate genes (phosphoprotein or glycoprotein) grouped the field isolates into two distinct monophyletic grou ... | 2011 | 21830071 |
| host predilection and transmissibility of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus strains in domestic cattle (bos taurus) and swine (sus scrofa). | epidemiologic data collected during epidemics in the western united states combined with limited experimental studies involving swine and cattle suggest that host predilection of epidemic vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) strains results in variations in clinical response, extent and duration of virus shedding and transmissibility following infection in different hosts. laboratory challenge of livestock with heterologous vsnjv strains to investigate potential viral predilections for ... | 2012 | 23034141 |
| development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus: use of rapid molecular assays to differentiate between vesicular disease viruses. | vesicular stomatitis (vs) is endemic in central america and northern regions of south america, where sporadic outbreaks in cattle and pigs can cause clinical signs that are similar to foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). there is therefore a pressing need for rapid, sensitive and specific differential diagnostic assays that are suitable for decision making in the field. rt-lamp assays have been developed for vesicular diseases such as fmd and swine vesicular disease (svd) but there is currently no rt-l ... | 2016 | 27118518 |
| expression kinetics of rantes and mcp-1 in the brain of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) infected with vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus. | the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) causes encephalitis in mice when inoculated intranasally. the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), a native new world rodent, is also susceptible to vsv infection and develops similar central nervous system (cns) lesions to those observed in other rodent species. chemokines, such as regulated on activation, normal t-cell expressed and secreted (rantes; ccl-5) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (mcp)-1 (ccl-2), which are important for chemotaxis and activati ... | 2016 | 27780575 |
| pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus infection in deer mice ( peromyscus maniculatus) transmitted by black flies ( simulium vittatum). | the natural transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv), an arthropod-borne virus, is not completely understood. rodents may have a role as reservoir or amplifying hosts. in this study, juvenile and nestling deer mice ( peromyscus maniculatus) were exposed to vsnjv-infected black fly ( simulium vittatum) bites followed by a second exposure to naive black flies on the nestling mice. severe neurological signs were observed in some juvenile mice by 6 to 8 days postinoculation (dpi ... | 2017 | 27312365 |
| phylogeographic characteristics of vesicular stomatitis new jersey viruses circulating in mexico from 2005 to 2011 and their relationship to epidemics in the united states. | we analyzed the phylogenetic and time-space relationships (phylodynamics) of 181 isolates of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) causing disease in mexico and the united states (us) from 2005 through 2012. we detail the emergence of a genetic lineage in southern mexico causing outbreaks in central mexico spreading into northern mexico and eventually into the us. that emerging lineage showed higher nucleotide sequence identity (99.5%) than that observed for multiple lineages circulating ... | 2014 | 24418533 |
| vesicular stomatitis outbreak in the southwestern united states, 2012. | vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease primarily affecting horses and cattle when it occurs in the united states. outbreaks in the southwestern united states occur sporadically, with initial cases typically occurring in texas, new mexico, or arizona and subsequent cases occurring in a northward progression. the viruses causing vesicular stomatitis can be transmitted by direct contact of lesioned animals with other susceptible animals, but transmission is primarily through arthropod vectors. in ... | 2013 | 23883666 |
| full-length genome analysis of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus strains representing the phylogenetic and geographic diversity of the virus. | | 2012 | 22825698 |