| cross-neutralization between vesicular stomatitis virus type indiana and chandipura virus. | using highly potent immune sheep sera, it was possible to demonstrate that: (1) two rhabdoviruses, classified in the vesiculovirus genus on morphological grounds but previously considered unrelated, viz., the vesicular stomatitis virus type indiana (vsv), and chandipura virus (chv), show a low-level, but distinct cross-neutralization. this was, in most combinations, considerably increased by complement. (2) the species of cells used for growing the viruses for immunization and for neutralization ... | 1979 | 40419 |
| structure and expression of the glycoprotein gene of chandipura virus. | a cdna copy of the mrna for the glycoprotein g of chandipura virus, a rhabdovirus, has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in mammalian cells. the deduced amino acid sequence of g shows that the encoded protein is a typical transmembrane glycoprotein of 524 amino acids containing a cleavable amino-terminal signal peptide, two potential n-linked glycosylation sites, a hydrophobic membrane anchor domain near the carboxy terminus, and a cytoplasmic domain at the carboxy terminus. somewhat unusual ... | 1989 | 2741347 |
| genetic and physiological properties of temperature-sensitive mutants of cocal virus. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of cocal virus (vsv cocal) were isolated after treatment with the base analogue mutagen, 5-fluorouracil. these mutants could be classified into four mutually complementing groups. weak complementation was detected between certain pairs of vsv cocal ts mutants and ts mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) indiana, but no complementation was observed with ts mutants of vsv new jersey. two complementing ts mutants of chandipura virus, an unrelated rhabdovirus ... | 1973 | 4359947 |
| experimental transmission of chandipura virus by mosquitoes. | | 1967 | 4385964 |
| experimental chandipura virus infection in mice. i. virus assay and light microscopic studies with emphasis on neuropathologic observations. | | 1973 | 4718198 |
| isolation of chandipura virus from sandflies in aurangabad. | | 1970 | 5528233 |
| replication of non-respiratory viruses in tracheal organ cultures. | employing hoorn's technique, tracheal explant cultures were set from adult hamsters, rabbits and human foetuses. to determine the susceptibility of these cultures they were infected with nine different mainly non-respiratory viruses. assay of virus was carried out in susceptible cell lines. the results of these studies indicated that herpes simplex type i (hsv-1) and vaccinia viruses multiplied in these cultures and caused ciliostasis. herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) although multiplying in all, p ... | 1983 | 6301520 |
| [susceptibility of laboratory animals to the chandipura and isfahan viruses]. | pathogenicity and immunogenicity of chandipura and isfahan rhabdoviruses for laboratory animals were studied. both viruses were found to be highly pathogenic for mice by the intracerebral route. chandipura virus is highly pathogenic for mice of different ages by various routes of inoculation. the surviving animals were found to have antibodies demonstrable in different serological tests (agar gel diffusion and precipitation, complement-fixation, the neutralization test by plaque reduction in chi ... | 1984 | 6464425 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of chandipura virus. i. inter- and intragroup complementation. | fifty temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of chandipura virus, a human rhabdovirus, have been classified into six complementation groups, designated chi, chii, chii, chiv, chv, and chvi and containing 44, 2, 1, 1, 1, and 1 mutants, respectively. weak complementation was observed within group chi, allowing the division of the group into subgroups chia and chib. intragroup complementation was most extensive within subgroup chib, and one mutant in this subgroup complemented all but one (ts ch598) of ... | 1980 | 7365866 |
| first isolations of arboviruses from phlebotomine sand flies in west africa. | for the first time in west africa, arboviruses were isolated from phlebotomine sand fly pools. one strain of chandipura virus (a vesiculovirus), four strains of saboya virus (a flavivirus), and one strain of a not yet identified virus were isolated. three hundred twenty-two pools were established from a population of 33,917 sand flies caught in co2 light traps in the ferlo sahelian region of senegal from november 1991 to december 1992. this is the first isolation of chandipura virus from any art ... | 1994 | 8203705 |
| matrix protein of chandipura virus inhibits transcription from an rna polymerase ii promoter. | chandipura virus (chpv) is a vesiculovirus, related to, but phylogenetically distinct from, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the matrix protein of vsv, as well as its role in virus assembly, inhibits the transcription from promoters for host rna polymerases i and ii. cloning and expression of the matrix protein of chpv in human cells showed that this protein is also functional in its inhibitory effect on transcription of a reporter gene from the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter, despite ... | 1999 | 10595413 |
| p-protein of chandipura virus is an n-protein-specific chaperone that acts at the nucleation stage. | the nucleocapsid protein n of chandipura virus is prone to aggregation in vitro. we have shown that this aggregation occurs in two phases in a nucleation-dependent manner. electron microscopy suggests that the aggregated state may have a ring-like structure. using a gfp fusion, we have shown that the n-protein also aggregates in vivo. the p-protein suppresses the n-protein aggregation efficiently, both in vitro and in vivo. increased lag phase in the presence of the p-protein suggests that chape ... | 2004 | 15005621 |
| chandipura virus: an emerging human pathogen? | | 2004 | 15351172 |
| a large outbreak of acute encephalitis with high fatality rate in children in andhra pradesh, india, in 2003, associated with chandipura virus. | an outbreak of acute encephalitis of unknown origin with high case fatality (183 of 329 cases) was reported in children from andhra pradesh state in southern india during 2003. we investigated the causative agent. | 2004 | 15351194 |
| g, n, and p gene-based analysis of chandipura viruses, india. | an encephalitis outbreak in 2003 in children from india was attributed to chandipura virus. sequence analyses of g, n, and p genes showed 95.6%-97.6% nucleotide identity with the 1965 isolate (g gene, 7-11 amino acid changes); n and p genes were highly conserved. | 2005 | 15705335 |
| incidence of neutralizing antibodies to chandipura virus in domestic animals from karimnagar and warangal districts of andhra pradesh, india. | in order to determine the possible role of domestic animals in the outbreak of acute encephalitis associated with chandipura virus (cpv) among children in andhra pradesh in 2003, a serological survey of domestic animals was carried out during the epidemic in july 2003. out of 180 animal sera from highly affected areas of the karimnagar and warangal districts of andhra pradesh 33 (18.3%) had virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies to cpv. the positive animals consisted of pigs (30.6%), buffalos (17.9% ... | 2005 | 15929402 |
| detection of chandipura virus from sand flies in the genus sergentomyia (diptera: phlebotomidae) at karimnagar district, andhra pradesh, india. | a total of 191 adult sand flies belonging to the genus sergentomyia were collected from seven villages in karimnagar and warangal districts of andhra pradesh state, india, after an outbreak of encephalitis due to chandipura virus (chpv). fifteen pools, each containing two specimens, were tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. one pool of sergentomyia from kolanur village in karimnagar district was positive for chpv. | 2005 | 15962804 |
| complete genome sequences of chandipura and isfahan vesiculoviruses. | chandipura virus (chpv) and isfahan virus (isfv) are two members of the genus vesiculovirus from asia. both are arthropod-transmitted and are able to infect humans, but neither causes vesicular stomatitis in livestock. the complete genome sequence for each virus has been determined. the negative-sense rna genome comprises 11,119 nt (chpv) or 11,088 nt (isfv). the most variable of the non-transcribed regions is the intergenic spacer at the g-l gene junction (4 bases in isfv, 20 in chpv). phylogen ... | 2004 | 15614433 |
| chandipura virus, encephalitis, and epidemic brain attack in india. | | 2004 | 15610795 |
| vertical and venereal transmission of chandipura virus (rhabdoviridae) by aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | experiments in the laboratory documented vertical and venereal transmission of chandipura virus (chpv) in aedes aegypti (l.). the minimum filial infection rate among the progeny of infected females was 1.2%; the rate among male and female progeny was 0.9 and 1.4%, respectively. the venereal infection rate of chpv among inseminated females was 32.7%. our study indicates the possible occurrence of vertical and venereal transmission of chpv in insect vectors. | 2005 | 16363175 |
| rna secondary structure in the coding region of dengue virus type 2 directs translation start codon selection and is required for viral replication. | dengue virus is a positive-strand rna virus and a member of the genus flavivirus, which includes west nile, yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. flavivirus genomes are translated as a single polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into 10 proteins, the first of which is the viral capsid (c) protein. dengue virus type 2 (denv2) and other mosquito-borne flaviviruses initiate translation of c from a start codon in a suboptimal context and have multiple in-frame augs downstream. here, ... | 2006 | 16474125 |
| monomer and dimer of chandipura virus unphosphorylated p-protein binds leader rna differently: implications for viral rna synthesis. | interaction of the leader rna with the unphosphorylated p-protein has been proposed to play a key role in the transcription-replication transition of chandipura virus, a model rhabdovirus. electrophoretic mobility shift assay with the leader rna and the unphosphorylated p-protein demonstrated existence of two distinct complexes in vitro. measurements of stoichiometry indicate the protein monomer/rna ratio to be 1:1 and 2:1 for faster and slower migrating bands, respectively. we have also observe ... | 2004 | 15178250 |
| [deadly encephalitis epidemic in india caused by the chandipura virus]. | | 2003 | 14518434 |
| multiple vesiculoviral matrix proteins inhibit both nuclear export and import. | the matrix (m) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits both nuclear import and export. here, we demonstrate that this inhibitory property is conserved between the m proteins from two other vesiculoviruses, chandipura virus and spring viremia carp virus. all three m proteins completely block nuclear transport of spliced mrna, small nuclear rnas, and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and slow the nuclear transport of many other cargoes. in all cases where transport was merely slowed by the m ... | 2001 | 11447272 |
| effect of osmolytes and chaperone-like action of p-protein on folding of nucleocapsid protein of chandipura virus. | amino acid sequences of nucleocapsid proteins are mostly conserved among different rhabdoviruses. the protein plays a common functional role in different rna viruses by enwrapping the viral genomic rna in an rnase-resistant form. upon expression of the nucleocapsid protein alone in cos cells and in bacteria, it forms large insoluble aggregates. in this work, we have reported for the first time the full-length cloning of the n gene of chandipura virus and its expression in escherichia coli in a s ... | 2001 | 11413127 |
| n-terminal region of p protein of chandipura virus is responsible for phosphorylation-mediated homodimerization. | the phosphoprotein p of chandipura (chp) virus, an indian isolate of rhabdovirus, was found to support transcription upon phosphorylation by casein kinase ii (ckii). a phosphorylation-induced change in the protein conformation was found to occur at the n-terminal region of the protein. biochemical studies for further characterization of this phosphorylation-based conformational alteration demonstrated that phosphorylation leads to the transition from an 'open' to 'closed' structure of the protei ... | 2000 | 10877855 |
| experimental transmission of chandipura virus by phlebotomus argentipes (diptera: psychodidae). | experiments were carried out to demonstrate the susceptibity and transmission potential of phlebotomus argentipes (annandale & brunetti) for chandipura virus (chpv). in india, p. argentipes is one of the predominant species found in many areas endemic for chpv. although its laboratory colonization is difficult, we have demonstrated that 65% of p. argentipes were susceptible to chpv infection by the oral route. transmission experiments were carried out by intrathoracic inoculation because of re-f ... | 2007 | 17297040 |
| a phosphorylation-induced major structural change in the n-terminal domain of the p protein of chandipura virus. | it has previously been shown that phosphorylation of p protein of vesicular stomatitis virus as well as chandipura (chp) virus is required for transcription activation and replication switch. the structural nature of this crucial conformational change, however, is largely unknown. we have studied the phosphorylation-associated conformational change in the p protein of chandipura (chp) virus using chemical modification, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. sulfhydryl groups of unpho ... | 1999 | 10026294 |
| the glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein genes and all of the internal gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and hirame rhabdovirus (hirrv) have been determined from cdna clones generated from viral genomic rna. the svcv glycoprotein gene sequence is 1588 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 509 amino acid (aa) protein. the hirrv glycoprotein gene sequence comprises 1612 nt, coding for a 508 aa protein. in sequence comparisons of 15 rhabdoviru ... | 1996 | 8806175 |
| molecular diversity of the lyssavirus genus. | the sequence of 5568 nucleotides of the 3' moiety of the mokola virus genome (serotype 3 of lyssaviruses) encompassing the nucleoprotein (n), phosphoprotein, matrix protein, and glycoprotein genes is presented and compared to that of the vaccinal strains of serotype 1. it allowed us to determine consensus sequences derived from the transcriptional start/stop signals and the order of protein conservation (nucleoprotein > matrix protein > phosphoprotein) in lyssaviruses. the sequences of the n gen ... | 1993 | 8386891 |
| cloning of the chandipura virus phosphoprotein encoding gene and its expression in escherichia coli. | chandipura (chp) virus, a member of the vesiculovirus genus within the rhabdoviridae family, was first isolated from human patients in india. the full length phosphoprotein p gene of chp have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli using the t7 polymerase-based pet-3 series of expression vectors. under optimal conditions of induction with iptg, the recombinant p protein constituted 35% of the total bacterial protein. the bacterially expressed protein was found to be phosphate-free. deletio ... | 1994 | 7787887 |
| immune response during acute chandipura viral infection in experimentally infected susceptible mice. | age dependent susceptibility was observed in chandipura virus (chpv) infected mice through intravenous and intraperitoneal route. adult mice were susceptible only through intracerebral route of infection. immature neuron and some other biological variables including immature immune system are considered to be important factor for age related susceptibility in some diseases. as chandipura virus infects both young and adult mice brain through intracerebral route the role of immune system during pe ... | 2008 | 18937835 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of chandipura virus. ii. phenotypic characteristics of the six complementation groups. | fifty temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the rhabdovirus chandipura virus have been classified into six complementation groups designated chi to chvi. group chi contains 44 mutants, group chii contains 2 mutants, and the remaining groups have 1 mutant each. mutants in groups chi, chiii, chiv, and chvi had rna-negative phenotypes in experiments measuring amplification of rna synthesis at restrictive temperature. the two mutants in group chii had rna-positive phenotypes, and the virions were th ... | 1980 | 6767858 |
| development and evaluation of a real-time one step reverse-transcriptase pcr for quantitation of chandipura virus. | chandipura virus (chpv), a member of family rhabdoviridae was attributed to an explosive outbreak of acute encephalitis in children in andhra pradesh, india in 2003 and a small outbreak among tribal children from gujarat, western india in 2004. the case-fatality rate ranged from 55-75%. considering the rapid progression of the disease and high mortality, a highly sensitive method for quantifying chpv rna by real-time one step reverse transcriptase pcr (real-time one step rt-pcr) using taqman tec ... | 2008 | 19091082 |
| growth and transovarial transmission of chandipura virus (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus) in phlebotomus papatasi. | chandipura virus multipled in sand flies (phlebotomus papatasi) following intrathoracic inoculation. within 24 hours, mean virus titers in infected flies increased approximately 4 logs. experimentally infected p. papatasi transmitted the virus by bite to newborn mice and by transovarial transmission to their progeny. eight percent of the f1 offspring of experimentally infected female parents were infected with chandipura virus. | 1983 | 6683084 |
| measurement of surface antigen by specific bacterial adherence and scanning electron microscopy (saba/sem) in cells infected by vesiculovirus ts mutants. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the rhabdoviruses vesicular stomatitis virus and chandipura virus have been used to measure the appearance of virus antigen on the surface of infected cells by the technique of surface analysis by bacterial adherence and scanning electron microscopy (saba/sem). the number of staphylococci specifically adhering to antiserum-treated infected ptk-2 or bsc-1 cells at permissive (31 degrees c) and restrictive (39 degrees c) temperatures was followed in time-cours ... | 1982 | 6279772 |
| enhanced mutability associated with a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant tsd1 of vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype, is the sole representative of complementation group d. clones derived from this mutant exhibited three different phenotypes with respect to electrophoretic mobility of the g and n polypeptides of the virion in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. analysis of non-ts pseudorevertants showed that none of the three phenotypes was associated with the temperature sensitivity of mutant tsd1. additional phen ... | 1981 | 6268829 |
| monoclonal antibody against an antigen selectively assembled into vesicular stomatitis virus virions from hela cells. | a mouse hybridoma cell line iib9, secreting igg2b antibody specific for a hela cell antigen, was obtained by fusion of a mouse myeloma cell line with spleen cells from mice immunized with purified vsv tso45 mutant (defective in assembly of g protein) which had been reproduced at a non-permissive temperature in hela cells. the monoclonal antibody iib9 was strictly specific for hela cells in two tests: (1) reaction with vsv or chandipura virus phenotypically mixed with host cell antigen, (2) compl ... | 1984 | 6086535 |
| sequences of chandipura virus n and ns genes: evidence for high mutability of the ns gene within vesiculoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the 3' end of the genome of chandipura (chp) virus, including the complete sequences of the nucleocapsid (n) and phosphoprotein (ns) genes was determined, principally from cloned cdnas of the n and ns mrnas. the ns mrna of chp virus is 908 bases in length and encodes a protein of 293 amino acids. comparison of the chp virus ns protein sequence with those of vesicular stomatitis virus of the new jersey serotype (vsv (nj)) and of the indiana serotype (vsv (ind] revealed ... | 1987 | 3029973 |
| the hr motif in the rna-dependent rna polymerase l protein of chandipura virus is required for unconventional mrna-capping activity. | chandipura virus (chpv) is an emerging human pathogen associated with acute encephalitis and is related closely to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), a prototype rhabdovirus. here, we demonstrate that the rna polymerase l protein of chpv exhibits a vsv-like rna:gdp polyribonucleotidyltransferase (prntase) activity, which transfers the 5'-monophosphorylated (p-) viral mrna start sequence to gdp to produce a capped rna, and that the conserved hr motif in the chpv l protein is essential for the prnt ... | 2010 | 20107017 |
| chandipura virus - what we know & do not know. | | 2010 | 20716812 |
| chandipura virus growth kinetics in vertebrate cell lines, insect cell lines & embryonated eggs. | since not much information on chandipura virus is available, an attempt was made to study the growth kinetics of the virus in certain vertebrate, invertebrate cell lines and embryonated chicken eggs. | 2010 | 20716815 |
| effect of melittin on transcription by vesiculovirus mutant and wild-type viruses. | the bee venom peptide melittin activated the virion transcriptase activity of three vesiculoviruses with preservation of virion structure. the kinetics of rna synthesis were similar to those observed with purified transcribing nucleoprotein (tnp) preparations. six temperature-sensitive host range (tdce) mutants of chandipura virus displayed 1.7- to 5.5-fold greater efficiencies of transcription at 39 degrees with melittin-permeabilized virions in comparison with tnp preparations. comparative stu ... | 1987 | 2822606 |
| the sequence of the nucleocapsid protein (n) gene of piry virus: possible domains in the n protein of vesiculoviruses. | a number of independent cdna clones of the piry virus n gene message were identified and sequenced. from the resulting sequences and previously published data, we derived the sequence of the mrna for this protein. sequence similarities of the translated region of piry virus with that of other viruses suggest that piry virus is as distantly related to chandipura virus as it is to the vesicular stomatitis viruses of indiana and new jersey serotypes. based on the relative conservation of the amino ... | 1990 | 1698928 |
| antibody response to chandipura virus in experimental animals. | | 1976 | 824199 |
| the co2 sensitivity induced by two rhabdoviruses, piry and chandipura, in drosophila melanogaster. | piry and chandipura viruses induce co2 sensitivity after multiplication in d. melanogaster. flies infected with piry virus react to co2 like flies infected with sigma virus: after a post-infection delay the flies become sensitive; sister batches exposed later on remain persistently co2 sensitive. flies infected with chandipura virus react to co2 like flies infected with vsv: flies become sensitive, but sister batches exposed later on recover and fail to show any co2 sensitivity, although they re ... | 1975 | 813550 |
| oligonucleotide fingerprints of rna species obtained from rhabdoviruses belonging to the vesicular stomatitis virus subgroup. | the relationships among the genomes of various rhabdoviruses belonging to the vesicular stomatitis virus subgroup were analyzed by an oligonucleotide fingerprinting technique. of 10 vesicular stomatitis viruses, indiana serotype (vsv indiana), obtained from various sources, either no, few, or many differences were observed in the oligonucleotide fingerprints of the 42s rna species extracted from standard b virions. analyses of the oligonucleotides obtained from rna extracted from three separate ... | 1977 | 196099 |
| an outbreak of chandipura virus encephalitis in the eastern districts of gujarat state, india. | an outbreak of encephalitis with a case fatality rate of 78.3% was investigated among children in gujarat state, india. twenty-six cases were reported. three patients had igm antibodies to chandipura virus. virus was isolated from one patient with rhabdomyosarcoma in porcine stable cell lines and in suckling mice. chandipura virus rna was present in 9 of 20 acute-phase serum samples, and virus sequences from the present outbreak were closely related to prototype strain (1965) and andhra pradesh, ... | 2005 | 16172482 |
| cytokine levels in chandipura virus associated encephalopathy in children. | an association of chandipura (chp) virus with an explosive outbreak of encephalitis in children from india affecting 349 children with 55% mortality was recently reported. to understand the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of chp infection, 14 paediatric encephalitis cases admitted to a tertiary care hospital and 5 age-matched apparently healthy control children were studied. at the time of sampling, post onset of disease was < or =2 d (group a, n = 4) and >2 d (group b, n = 10). concentrat ... | 2005 | 16099769 |
| characterization of the tupaia rhabdovirus genome reveals a long open reading frame overlapping with p and a novel gene encoding a small hydrophobic protein. | rhabdoviruses are negative-stranded rna viruses of the order mononegavirales and have been isolated from vertebrates, insects, and plants. members of the genus lyssavirus cause the invariably fatal disease rabies, and a member of the genus vesiculovirus, chandipura virus, has recently been associated with acute encephalitis in children. we present here the complete genome sequence and transcription map of a rhabdovirus isolated from cultivated cells of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue from a mori ... | 2005 | 15890917 |
| propagation of chandipura virus in chick embryos. | stocks of three indian chandipura virus (chpv) isolates; one isolate from an adult febrile case in 1965 from chandipura town, maharashtra, and two isolates from two pediatric encephalitis cases from andhra pradesh, 2003 were inoculated in 10-day-old chick embryos by allantoic route. all three virus isolates replicated in chick embryos showing titre of log 10(12) to log 10(13) eid50. the results demonstrated that chick embryos are susceptible to chpv and virus grows to high titres in this system. ... | 2005 | 16235730 |
| initiation of encapsidation as evidenced by deoxycholate-treated nucleocapsid protein in the chandipura virus life cycle. | encapsidation of nascent genome rna into an rnase-resistant form by nucleocapsid protein, n is a necessary step in the rhabdoviral life cycle. however, the precise mechanism for viral rna specific yet processive encapsidation remains elusive. using chandipura virus as a model system, we examined rna binding specificity of n protein and dissected the biochemical steps involved in the rhabdoviral encapsidation process. our analysis suggested that n protein in its monomeric form specifically binds ... | 2006 | 16487562 |
| is chandipura virus an emerging human pathogen? | | 2006 | 16492900 |
| isolation of chandipura virus (vesiculovirus: rhabdoviridae) from sergentomyia species of sandflies from nagpur, maharashtra, india. | an outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome was reported from vidarbha region of maharashtra s0 tate, india, during july 2012. anti-igm antibodies against chandipura virus (chpv) were detected in clinical samples. sandfly collections were done to determine their role in chpv transmission. | 0 | 25027088 |
| herbal plants and plant preparations as remedial approach for viral diseases. | herbal plants, plant preparations and phytoconstituents have proved useful in attenuating infectious conditions and were the only remedies available, till the advent of antibiotics (many being of plant origin themselves). among infectious diseases, viral diseases in particular, remain the leading cause of death in humans globally. a variety of phytoconstituents derived from medicinal herbs have been extensively studied for antiviral activity. based on this rationale, an online search was perform ... | 2015 | 26645032 |
| elucidating the interacting domains of chandipura virus nucleocapsid protein. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of chandipura virus (chpv) plays a crucial role in viral life cycle, besides being an important structural component of the virion through proper organization of its interactions with other viral proteins. in a recent study, the authors had mapped the associations among chpv proteins and shown that n protein interacts with four of the viral proteins: n, phosphoprotein (p), matrix protein (m), and glycoprotein (g). the present study aimed to distinguish the regions of ... | 2013 | 24288532 |
| monocytes and b cells support active replication of chandipura virus. | interaction between immune system and chandipura virus (chpv) during different stages of its life cycle remain poorly understood. the exact route of virus entry into the blood and cns invasion has not been clearly defined. the present study was undertaken to assess the population in pbmc that supports the growth of virus and to detect active virus replication in pbmc as well as its subsets. | 2016 | 27628855 |
| changing clinical scenario in chandipura virus infection. | chandipura virus (chpv) (vesiculovirus: rhabdoviridae) garnered global attention as an emerging neurotropic pathogen inflicting high mortality in children within 24 h of commencement of symptoms. the 2003-2004 outbreaks in central india witnessed case fatality rates ranging from 56-75 per cent in andhra pradesh and gujarat with typical encephalitic symptoms. due to the acute sickness and rapid deterioration, the precise mechanism of action of the virus is still unknown. recent studies have shown ... | 0 | 27748295 |
| small cationic protein from a marine turtle has beta-defensin-like fold and antibacterial and antiviral activity. | egg white of marine turtle caretta caretta contains a small cationic protein but lacks lysozyme. the protein was sequenced by a combination of sequential edman degradation, carboxypeptidase digestion, nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. the protein contains 36 amino acid residues of which six are half-cysteines. the three-dimensional structure of the protein was deduced from two-dimensional nmr experiments and was observed to be similar to verte ... | 2006 | 16700051 |
| the evolving epidemiology of viral encephalitis. | the introduction of west nile virus to north america illustrates the potential emergence of novel encephalitic agents in unexpected settings. there has been continued recognition of emerging neurotropic viruses in both the developed and developing world and novel modes of transmission of these agents. this review describes recent developments in the epidemiology of west nile virus and several other emerging viral encephalitides in the developed and developing world and the emergence of novel mec ... | 2006 | 16914972 |
| venereal transmission of chandipura virus by phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli). | experiments were conducted in the laboratory on phlebotomus papatasi to determine the possible role of males in maintaining or sustaining the chandipura virus (chpv) activity in nature. this study indicated that infected males are capable of passing on the virus to female sand flies while mating. the infection rate was found to be 12.5% in uninfected females when mated with infected males. the occurrence of venereal transmission of this virus may have epidemiologic importance in the natural cycl ... | 2006 | 17172384 |
| reviewing chandipura: a vesiculovirus in human epidemics. | chandipura virus, a member of the rhabdoviridae family and vesiculovirus genera, has recently emerged as human pathogen that is associated with a number of outbreaks in different parts of india. although, the virus closely resembles with the prototype vesiculovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, it could be readily distinguished by its ability to infect humans. studies on chandipura virus while shed light into distinct stages of viral infection; it may also allow us to identify potential drug targ ... | 2007 | 17610154 |
| microglial activation induces neuronal death in chandipura virus infection. | neurotropic viruses induce neurodegeneration either directly by activating host death domains or indirectly through host immune response pathways. chandipura virus (chpv) belonging to family rhabdoviridae is ranked among the emerging pathogens of the indian subcontinent. previously we have reported that chpv induces neurodegeneration albeit the root cause of this degeneration is still an open question. in this study we explored the role of microglia following chpv infection. phenotypic analysis ... | 2016 | 26931456 |
| brainstem encephalitis associated with chandipura in andhra pradesh outbreak. | clinical data of 104 hospitalized children during the 2003 epidemic of encephalitis in andhra pradesh state was retrospectively analysed to know the clinical profile and risk factors associated with mortality. fever was the first symptom associated with altered sensorium, seizures, diarrhoea and vomiting. evolution of illness was very rapid with high fatality (47%). majority of deaths occurred within the first 24 h of illness due to brainstem involvement. on multiple logistic regression analysis ... | 2008 | 17906316 |
| chandipura virus: a major cause of acute encephalitis in children in north telangana, andhra pradesh, india. | a hospital-based surveillance was undertaken between may 2005 and april 2006 to elucidate the contribution of chandipura virus (chpv) to acute viral encephalitis cases in children, seroconversion in recovered cases and to compare the seroprevalences of anti-chpv igm and n antibodies in areas reporting cases with those without any case of acute viral encephalitis. during this period, 90 cases of acute encephalitis were hospitalized in the pediatric wards of mahatma gandhi memorial (mgm) hospital, ... | 2008 | 18041027 |
| host interactions of chandipura virus matrix protein. | the rhabdovirus matrix (m) protein is a multifunctional virion protein that plays major role in virus assembly and budding, virus-induced inhibition of host gene expression and cytopathic effects observed in infected cells. the myriad roles played by this protein in the virus biology make it a critical player in viral pathogenesis. therefore, discerning the interactions of this protein with host can greatly facilitate our understanding of virus infections, ultimately leading to both improved the ... | 2015 | 25944354 |
| genomic sequence of mandarin fish rhabdovirus with an unusual small non-transcriptional orf. | the complete genome of mandarin fish siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (scrv) was cloned and sequenced. it comprises 11,545 nucleotides and contains five genes encoding the nucleoprotein n, the phosphoprotein p, the matrix protein m, the glycoprotein g, and the rna-dependent rna polymerase protein l. at the 3' and 5' termini of scrv genome, leader and trailer sequences show inverse complementarity. the n, p, m and g proteins share the highest sequence identities (ranging from 14.8 to 41.5%) with the ... | 2008 | 18068257 |
| recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based west nile vaccine elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses and protects mice against lethal challenge with the virulent west nile virus strain lsu-ar01. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) has been extensively utilized as a viral vector system for the induction of protective immune responses against a variety of pathogens. we constructed recombinant vsvs specifying either the indiana or chandipura virus g glycoprotein and expressing the west nile virus (wnv) envelope (e) glycoprotein. mice were intranasally vaccinated using a prime (indiana)-boost (chandipura) immunization approach and challenged with the virulent wnv-lsu-ar01. ninety-percent (9 of ... | 2009 | 19070640 |
| recombinant glycoprotein based vaccine for chandipura virus infection. | chandipura virus (chpv) has emerged as an important pediatric encephalitis-causing pathogen with very high mortality in india. no specific vaccine or treatment is available till date. we attempted to prepare a candidate vaccine employing recombinant chpv glycoprotein (rgp). the glycoprotein gene (g-gene) of chpv was expressed using baculovirus expression system. the rgp was purified by hplc and used for mice immunization, 3 doses, and 4 weeks apart. one microgram rgp was found to be optimum. ser ... | 2009 | 19428894 |
| a peptide targeted against phosphoprotein and leader rna interaction inhibits growth of chandipura virus -- an emerging rhabdovirus. | the fatal illness caused by chandipura virus (chpv), an emerging pathogen, presently lacks any therapeutic option. previous research suggested that interaction between the virally encoded phosphoprotein (p) and the positive sense leader rna (le-rna) may play an important role in the viral lifecycle. in this report, we have identified a β-sheet/loop motif in the c-terminal domain of the chpv p protein as essential for this interaction. a synthetic peptide encompassing this motif and spanning a co ... | 2013 | 24036128 |
| predicting the host protein interactors of chandipura virus using a structural similarity-based approach. | chandipura virus (chpv), alike other pathogens, exploits the cellular infrastructure of their hosts through complex network of interactions for successful infection. chpv being a recently emerged pediatric encephalitic virus, the mechanisms involved in the establishment of viral persistence are still ill defined. because the protein interface between chpv and its host provides one means by which the virus invades and seize control of their human host machinery, the authors in this study have emp ... | 2013 | 23847124 |
| interfacial interactions involved in the biological assembly of chandipura virus nucleocapsid protein. | the biological assembly of chandipura virus nucleocapsid (n) protein has been modeled and the amino acid residues involved in specific intermolecular interactions among n monomers during oligomerisation have been predicted. | 2013 | 23355071 |
| characterization of the chandipura virus leader rna-phosphoprotein interaction using single tryptophan mutants and its detection in viral infected cells. | the phosphoprotein (p protein) of the chandipura virus (chpv), a negative strand rna virus, is involved in both transcription and replication of the viral life cycle. interaction between the p protein and the viral leader (le) rna under in vitro conditions has been previously reported for chpv and other negative strand rna viruses such as the rinderpest virus (rpv). however, till date, the region of the p protein involved in le rna binding remains undefined. moreover, the in vivo occurrence of t ... | 2013 | 23063516 |
| bioinformatics comparison of g protein of isfahan virus with the same proteins of two other closely related viruses of the genus vesiculovirus. | since there are not much experimental data available about different structural properties of isfahan virus (isfv), in the present investigation, computational study of g protein of isfv was performed and the results were compared with g proteins of chandipura virus (chpv) and piry virus (pv). calculation of amino acid compositions of g proteins of viruses was done by pseaac server. predictions of localization, sequence of signal peptides, c, n and o glycosylation sites, transmembrane helices, c ... | 2009 | 19508221 |
| characterization of the structure of the phosphoprotein of chandipura virus, a negative stranded rna virus probing intratryptophan energy transfer using single and double tryptophan mutants. | the phosphoprotein (p protein) of chandipura virus (chpv), a negative stranded rna virus, is involved in both transcription and replication phases of the viral life cycle. the two tryptophan (trp) residues of chpv, located at 105 and 135 respectively and two single trp mutants w135f and w105f and a double trp mutant w135f/w105f have been characterized by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence and phosphorescence at 298 k and 77 k. results indicate that trp135 is more buried with less polar ... | 2010 | 19895867 |
| evaluation of the immunogenicity of a recombinant glycoprotein-based chandipura vaccine in combination with commercially available dpt vaccine. | chandipura virus (chpv) belongs to family rhabdovoridae and has emerged as an encephalitis causing pathogen with high mortality among pediatric population from three indian states. the recombinant glycoprotein (rgp) was shown to be an excellent vaccine candidate as evaluated in a murine model. as the disease is predominantly rural, to ensure maximum coverage for chandipura vaccine, an attempt was made to evaluate combination of rgp and a commercially available dpt vaccine (chp-dpt). when chp-dpt ... | 2010 | 20005854 |
| intracranial administration of p gene sirna protects mice from lethal chandipura virus encephalitis. | in parts of india, chandipura virus (chpv) has emerged as an encephalitis causing pathogen in both epidemic and sporadic forms. this pediatric disease follows rapid course leading to 55-75% mortality. in the absence of specific treatment, effectiveness of rna interference (rnai) was evaluated. | 2010 | 20062542 |
| chandipura virus infection in mice: the role of toll like receptor 4 in pathogenesis. | the susceptibility of mice and humans to chandipura virus infection is age-dependent. upon experimental infection, mice secrete significant amounts of proinflammatory cytokines. similarly, children who recover from natural infection with the virus show significant amounts of tnf-α production, suggesting that innate immunity plays a major role in the response to chandipura virus. toll-like receptors (tlr) are key host molecules involved in innate immune responses in infections. therefore, the aim ... | 2012 | 22642811 |
| elucidation of functional domains of chandipura virus nucleocapsid protein involved in oligomerization and rna binding: implication in viral genome encapsidation. | chandipura virus, a member of the vesiculovirus genera, has been recently recognized as an emerging human pathogen. previously, we have shown that chandipura virus nucleocapsid protein n is capable of binding to both specific viral leader rna as well as non-viral rna sequences, albeit in distinct monomeric and oligomeric states, respectively. here, we distinguish the regions of n involved in oligomerization and rna binding using a panel of deletion mutants. we demonstrate that deletion in the n- ... | 2010 | 20727566 |
| chandipura virus encephalitis outbreak among children in nagpur division, maharashtra, 2007. | an outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) among children from nagpur division, maharashtra was investigated to confirm the aetiology and to describe clinico-epidemiological features. | 2010 | 20966517 |
| development of an inactivated candidate vaccine against chandipura virus (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus). | a vero cell based vaccine candidate against chandipura (chp) virus (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus), was developed and evaluated for immunogenicity in mice. virus was purified by ultracentrifugation on 30% glycerol cushion followed by differential centrifugation on 10-60% sucrose gradient and inactivated with β-propio lactone at a concentration of 1:3500. the inactivated product was blended with aluminium phosphate (3%) and immunized 4-week-old swiss albino mice. neutralizing antibodies in the ran ... | 2011 | 21549791 |
| leader rna binding ability of chandipura virus p protein is regulated by its phosphorylation status: a possible role in genome transcription-replication switch. | the molecular events associated with the transcriptive and replicative cycle of negative-stranded rna viruses are still an enigma. we took chandipura virus, a member of the rhabdoviridae family, as our model system to demonstrate that phosphoprotein p, besides nucleocapsid protein n, also acts as a leader rna-binding protein in its unphosphorylated form, whereas ckii-mediated phosphorylation totally abrogates its rna-binding ability. however, interaction between p protein and leader rna can be d ... | 2003 | 12667805 |
| single serine phosphorylation within the acidic domain of chandipura virus p protein regulates the transcription in vitro. | bacterially expressed unphosphorylated p protein of chandipura virus was found to be efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase ii (ckii). the phosphorylated form of the p protein supported the transcription in vitro but the unphosphorylated form could not. kinetic data suggests that ckii incorporates one molecule of phosphate. western blotting with monoclonal antibody against phosphoserine and phosphoaminoacid analysis confirmed that the phosphate accepting residue was serine. compari ... | 1997 | 9426442 |
| susceptibility of four species of mosquitoes to chandipura virus and its detection by immunofluorescence. | susceptibility of culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. bitaeniorhynchus, cx. quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti to chandipura (chp) virus was compared after parental inoculation of the mosquitoes. virus detection was done by indirect immunofluorescence (if). chp antigen in head squashes of all the four species was seen at 24 hr post infection (p.i.). the mosquitoes supported the virus growth and transmission by bite to 2 days old suckling swiss albino mice. ae. aegypti which was found the most suscepti ... | 1991 | 1683113 |
| an unconventional pathway of mrna cap formation by vesiculoviruses. | mrnas of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), a prototype of nonsegmented negative strand (nns) rna viruses (e.g., rabies, measles, mumps, ebola, and borna disease viruses), possess the 5'-terminal cap structure identical to that of eukaryotic mrnas, but the mechanism of mrna cap formation is distinctly different from the latter. the elucidation of the unconventional capping of vsv mrna remained elusive for three decades since the discovery of the cap structure in some viral and eukaryotic mrnas in ... | 2011 | 21945214 |
| whole genomes of chandipura virus isolates and comparative analysis with other rhabdoviruses. | the chandipura virus (chpv) belonging to the vesiculovirus genus and rhabdoviridae family, has recently been associated with a number of encephalitis epidemics, with high mortality in children, in different parts of india. no full length genome sequences of chpv isolates were available in genbank and little is known about the molecular markers for pathogenesis. in the present study, we provide the complete genomic sequences of four isolates from epidemics during 2003-2007. these sequences along ... | 2012 | 22272333 |
| localization of chandipura virus multiplication sites in tracheal cultures. | | 1982 | 6288555 |
| virus-induced demyelination. production by a viral temperature-sensitive mutant. | infection of mice with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of chandipura virus (cv) ts472 cv, induced a slower disease than the respective parental virus and white matter lesions characterized by perivascular mononuclear infiltrates accompanied by primary demyelination. the pattern of these lesions was very similar to that in eae, a prototypic autoimmune disease and in theiler's virus infection in which an immunopathologic mechanism of myelin injury is strongly suggested. results obtained in nud ... | 1979 | 448394 |
| neuro-invasion of chandipura virus mediates pathogenesis in experimentally infected mice. | neuro-tropism is a major feature in many viral infections. chandipura virus produces neurological symptoms in naturally infected young children and experimentally infected suckling mice. this study was undertaken to find out the neuro-invasive behaviour of chandipura virus in suckling mice. the suckling mice were infected with the virus via footpad injection. different tissues were collected at 24-h intervals up to 96-h post infection and processed for virus quantification and histological study ... | 2013 | 23826408 |
| bispidine-amino acid conjugates act as a novel scaffold for the design of antivirals that block japanese encephalitis virus replication. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is a major cause of viral encephalitis in south and south-east asia. lack of antivirals and non-availability of affordable vaccines in these endemic areas are a major setback in combating jev and other closely related viruses such as west nile virus and dengue virus. protein secondary structure mimetics are excellent candidates for inhibiting the protein-protein interactions and therefore serve as an attractive tool in drug development. we synthesized derivative ... | 2013 | 23350007 |
| chandipura virus induces neuronal death through fas-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway. | chandipura virus (chpv; genus vesiculovirus, family rhabdoviridae) is an emerging tropical pathogen with a case fatality rate of 55 to 75% that predominantly affects children in the age group of 2 to 16 years. although it has been established as a neurotropic virus causing encephalitis, the molecular pathology leading to neuronal death is unknown. the present study elucidates for the first time the mechanism of cell death in neurons after chpv infection that answers the basic cause of chpv-media ... | 2013 | 24027318 |
| structural intermediates in the fusion-associated transition of vesiculovirus glycoprotein. | vesiculoviruses enter cells by membrane fusion, driven by a large, low-ph-induced, conformational change in the fusion glycoprotein g that involves transition from a trimeric pre-fusion toward a trimeric post-fusion state via monomeric intermediates. here, we present the structure of the g fusion protein at intermediate ph for two vesiculoviruses, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and chandipura virus (chav), which is responsible for deadly encephalopathies. first, a chav g crystal structure show ... | 2017 | 28188244 |
| development of a novel rapid micro-neutralization elisa for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against chandipura virus. | chandipura virus (chpv) is a leading cause of acute encephalitis with high mortality in paediatric population in india. a micro-neutralization elisa (mn-elisa) assay was developed for the detection of neutralizing antibodies (nab) against chpv. this novel method gives read-out in the form of elisa optical density (od) values and has a shorter turn-around time (tat) as compared to the conventional cytopathic effect (cpe)-based neutralization assay (mn-cpe). the assay was developed using an indian ... | 2017 | 27856212 |
| network analysis reveals common host protein/s modulating pathogenesis of neurotropic viruses. | network analysis through graph theory provides a quantitative approach to characterize specific proteins and their constituent assemblies that underlie host-pathogen interactions. in the present study, graph theory was used to analyze the interactome designed out of 50 differentially expressing proteins from proteomic analysis of chandipura virus (chpv, family: rhabdoviridae) infected mouse brain tissue to identify the primary candidates for intervention. using the measure of degree centrality, ... | 2016 | 27581498 |
| chandipura virus infection causing encephalitis in a tribal population of odisha in eastern india. | the sudden death of 10 children in a tribal village of kandhamal district, odisha in eastern india led to this investigation. | 2016 | 27132726 |
| graph theoretic network analysis reveals protein pathways underlying cell death following neurotropic viral infection. | complex protein networks underlie any cellular function. certain proteins play a pivotal role in many network configurations, disruption of whose expression proves fatal to the cell. an efficient method to tease out such key proteins in a network is still unavailable. here, we used graph-theoretic measures on protein-protein interaction data (interactome) to extract biophysically relevant information about individual protein regulation and network properties such as formation of function specifi ... | 2015 | 26404759 |
| chandipura virus perturbs cholesterol homeostasis leading to neuronal apoptosis. | chandipura virus (chpv; genus vesiculovirus, family rhabdoviridae) induces neuronal death through the fas-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway. what propels this apoptosis remains unclear, although oxysterols have been reported to be key players in neurodegeneration. in our study of chpv-infected brain samples, we observed over-expression of genes such as apolipoprotein e, cyp46a1, srebf-1 and nsdhl. this backs up the hypothesis that chpv replication demands cholesterol that is supplied by apoli ... | 2015 | 26118540 |
| structure of the low ph conformation of chandipura virus g reveals important features in the evolution of the vesiculovirus glycoprotein. | chandipura virus (chav), a member of the vesiculovirus genus, is an emerging human pathogen. as for other rhabdoviruses, chav entry into susceptible cells is mediated by its single envelope glycoprotein g which is both involved in receptor recognition and fusion of viral and cellular membranes. here, we have characterized the fusion properties of chav-g. as for vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv, the prototype of the genus) g, fusion is triggered at low ph below 6.5. we have also analyzed the bioch ... | 2015 | 25803715 |
| neuroinvasion by chandipura virus. | chandipura virus (chpv) is an arthropod borne rhabdovirus associated with acute encephalitis in children below the age of 15 years in the tropical states of india. although the entry of the virus into the nervous system is among the crucial events in the pathogenesis of chpv, the exact mechanism allowing chpv to invade the central nervous system (cns) is currently poorly understood. in the present review, based on the knowledge of host interactors previously predicted for chpv, along with the su ... | 2014 | 24713200 |
| the host-range tdce phenotype of chandipura virus is determined by mutations in the polymerase gene. | the emerging arbovirus chandipura virus (cv) has been implicated in epidemics of acute encephalitis in india with high mortality rates. the isolation of temperature-dependent host-range (tdce) mutants, which are impaired in growth at 39 °c in chick embryo (ce) cells but not in monkey cells, highlights a dependence on undetermined host factors. we have characterized three tdce mutants, each containing one or more coding mutations in the rna polymerase gene and two containing additional mutations ... | 2014 | 24129026 |