| genetic and environmental control of diabetes induction by multi-dose streptozotocin in two balb/c substrains. | balb/cj male mice were resistant and balb/cbyj males were susceptible to induction of diabetes by multi-dose streptozotocin (msz). although both closely-related balb/c substrains expressed h-2d haplotype, they could be differentiated by allelic differences at three genetic loci [qa-2 (chr 17), bcd-1 (chr 5), and afr-1]. (balb/cj x balb/cbyj)f1 males inherited the balb/cj resistance phenotype in a dominant fashion, thereby eliminating the balb/cj-expressed afr-1b (recessive) allele as the suscept ... | 1988 | 2977107 |
| diagnosis of murine infections in relation to test methods employed. | comparative investigations of sendai virus, pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), mouse encephalomyelitis virus (mouse polio), minute virus of mice (mvm), and reovirus type 3 (reo 3) infected murine colonies revealed a 30% higher incidence of positive sera when enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was employed instead of hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests. equivalent sensitivity as in the elisa was obtained when the same sera were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence (if) tests. the vir ... | 1986 | 3014210 |
| influence of viral infections on body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence in fischer 344/ncr rats on two-year studies. | sendai virus (sv), pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), and rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus (rcv/sdav) were common viral infections of rats in the national cancer institute-national toxicology program (nci-ntp) studies from 1977 to 1983. influence of these viral infections on body weight, survival, and prevalences of spontaneous tumors in the f344/ncr rats of 28 diet control groups at five different laboratories were evaluated. tumor prevalences evaluated in this investigation included the f ... | 1989 | 2554057 |
| polypeptides of pneumonia virus of mice. ii. characterization of the glycoproteins. | the kinetics of synthesis and the nature of the oligosaccharides of the glycoproteins of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) were studied. tryptic peptide mapping showed that the two major glycosylated polypeptides g1 and g2 were different forms of the same protein. g2 was derived from g1 which in turn appeared to be derived from an unidentified precursor. the g1/g2 protein of pvm is probably a haemagglutinin since a monoclonal antibody directed against it has a high haemagglutination inhibition titre ... | 1989 | 2732720 |
| seromonitoring in small laboratory animal colonies. a five year survey: 1984-1988. | from 1984 to 1988 one thousand serologic investigations of laboratory animal colonies originating from 10 different european countries were performed. the most prevalent infections in mouse stocks were caused by mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), minute virus of mice (mvm), theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (temv), reovirus type 3 (reo3), sendaivirus, and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). in mice no infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcm), polyomavirus, mouse adenovirus, and k-virus were ... | 1990 | 2321435 |
| a serological survey on 15 murine pathogens in mice and rats. | a serological survey for 15 murine pathogens was performed on 269 mouse sera collected from 21 conventional and 12 barrier colonies, and on 376 rat sera collected from 21 conventional and 23 barrier colonies. animals having an antibody against at least one of the antigens were contained in 81.0% of conventional and 16.7% of barrier mouse colonies and also in 81.0% of conventional and 43.5% of barrier rat colonies. main contaminants were mouse hepatitis virus and sendai virus in mice, and sendai ... | 1986 | 3026818 |
| prevalence of natural virus infections in laboratory mice and rats used in canada. | results of serological tests carried out over a period of 6 years to detect the presence of antibodies against 14 indigenous viruses in mice and rats used in 32 canadian institutions are reported. close to 20,000 individual sera were tested by the complement fixation or the hemagglutination inhibition technics. in order of mouse colony prevalence the six most common viruses present were pneumonia virus of mice, mouse hepatitis virus, rat virus, minute virus of mice, sendai, and theiler's mouse e ... | 1986 | 3084866 |
| molecular cloning of pneumonia virus of mice. | cdna clones representing nine genes of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) have been generated. the sizes of the corresponding mrnas and a provisional transcriptional map of the virus genome have been determined. the apparent gene order is very similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus. the sequences adjacent to the 3' termini of the pvm genes were determined and are very similar to those of respiratory syncytial virus. several pvm gene polypeptide products have been assigned. | 1990 | 2319655 |
| influence of viral infections on body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence of b6c3f1 (c57bl/6n x c3h/hen) mice in carcinogenicity studies. | sendai virus (sv), mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) are common viral infections of mice. influence of these viral infections on the prevalence of liver tumors, lung tumors, and lymphoma is of concern in chemical carcinogenicity studies. body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence of b6c3f1 mice with and without viral infections in 33 male and 34 female untreated control groups and 32 male and 32 female low- and high-dose groups of 2-year chemical carcinogenicity stu ... | 1989 | 2767355 |
| sequence analysis of the gene encoding the fusion glycoprotein of pneumonia virus of mice suggests possible conserved secondary structure elements in paramyxovirus fusion glycoproteins. | the gene encoding the fusion (f) glycoprotein of pneumonia virus of mice consists of 1657 bases and contains an open reading frame encoding 537 amino acids which is more similar to the f proteins of pneumoviruses than to those of other paramyxoviruses. computer-assisted sequence analyses can be combined with data on the antigenicity of various f proteins to suggest a possible arrangement of secondary structure elements common to all pneumovirus and paramyxovirus f proteins. | 1992 | 1629698 |
| sequence analysis of the 22k, sh and g genes of turkey rhinotracheitis virus and their intergenic regions reveals a gene order different from that of other pneumoviruses. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of three genes of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) together with the nucleotide sequences of the relevant intergenic regions were determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of one of the genes shows significant identity (42%) to that of the 22k protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the trtv 22k gene, like that of rsv, has a second open reading frame, although the amino acid sequence deduced from this reading frame does not show an ... | 1992 | 1629697 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat model. | groups of barrier-raised but not certified virus-free sprague-dawley rats, obtained from the same source over the course of several years, were placed on an identical immunosuppressive regimen. this caused reactivation of latent pneumocystis carinii infection, manifest as p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) of varying severity. rats were euthanized after 9-12 wk of immunosuppression. an assessment of the severity of the induced pcp was made, based on the total number of organisms extracted from the lungs ... | 1991 | 1818139 |
| the nucleotide sequences of intergenic regions between nine genes of pneumonia virus of mice establish the physical order of these genes in the viral genome. | we have cloned eight intergenic regions from the pneumovirus pneumonia virus of mice that link the nine small and medium sized genes previously described (chambers et al., 1990). the nucleotide sequences of the clones confirm the locations of these genes and their mrna transcripts in the viral genome. the intergenic regions vary in size from 2-56 nucleotides and show only faint homology to each other or to their analogues in respiratory syncytial virus. sequence alignments suggest that the locat ... | 1991 | 2042399 |
| genes 1 and 2 of pneumonia virus of mice encode proteins which have little homology with the 1c and 1b proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus. | genes 1 and 2 of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) consist of 410 and 571 nucleotides and encode proteins of 113 and 156 amino acids respectively. the proteins show no extensive (gene 1 analogous to 1c) or low (gene 2 analogous to 1b) homology to their presumed counterparts in human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). the strongest homology is between regions of approximately 35 amino acids located near the carboxy termini of the gene 2 product and the 1b protein with 29% identity, although a lower ... | 1991 | 1919530 |
| comparative evaluation of the immune status of congenitally athymic and euthymic rat strains bred and maintained at different institutes: 1. euthymic rats. | we performed a comparative evaluation of the immune status, focused on the t-cell system, of euthymic rat strains in which the nude mutation had been introduced. from 10 institutes, we sampled 12 groups of euthymic rats at ages of 1 1/2-2 months and 1/2 year. we analyzed weight of body, spleen and thymus; antibody response and delayed-type hypersensitivity response to ovalbumin immunization; and (immuno)histopathology of spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphoid tissue along the gastrointestinal tract. ... | 1992 | 1606199 |
| sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of pneumonia virus of mice: sequence comparisons suggest structural homology between nucleocapsid proteins of pneumoviruses, paramyxoviruses, rhabdoviruses and filoviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of gene 3 of pneumonia virus of mice has been determined, and the 5' end of the mrna mapped using a modification of the polymerase chain reaction technique. the gene contains a single open reading frame, beginning with a 5'-proximal aug initiation codon, encoding a polypeptide with a predicted mr of 43141. expression of the gene 3 protein in escherichia coli and in vitro showed that it reacted with virus-specific antiserum and comigrated with the major nucleocaps ... | 1991 | 1848602 |
| effect of inhaled azodicarbonamide on f344/n rats and b6c3f1 mice with 2-week and 13-week inhalation exposures. | azodicarbonamide (ada), a compound used in the baking and plastics industries, has been reported to cause pulmonary sensitization and dermatitis in people. two-week repeated and 13-week subchronic inhalation exposures of f344/n rats and b6c3f1 mice to ada were conducted to determine the toxicity of inhaled ada. the mean air concentrations of ada in the 2-week studies were 207, 102, 52, 9.4, or 2.0 mg/m3. no exposure-related mortality nor abnormal clinical signs were observed in rats or mice duri ... | 1990 | 2227158 |
| immunotoxic effects of hexachlorobenzene on the pathogenesis of systemic, pneumonic and hepatic virus infections in the mouse. | a quantitative histopathological method has been developed for the evaluation of the effects of hexachlorobenzene (hcb) on the pathogenesis of three virus infections in the mouse. hexachlorobenzene was selected because a substantial amount of immunotoxicological data already exists with which we could compare our results. to establish the validity of the method a systemic virus infection (mouse cytomegalovirus, mcmv), a pneumonia causing virus (pneumonia virus of mice, pvm) and a hepatitis virus ... | 1990 | 2176797 |
| serologic study on the prevalence of murine viruses in five canadian mouse colonies. | a serologic study was made of five canadian mouse colonies to determine the prevalence of antibodies to 11 murine viruses. a total of 139 sera from the five colonies were evaluated by complement fixation or hemagglutination inhibition methods. viral antibodies were present in all five colonies. antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice, minute virus of mice, theiler's encephalomyelitis virus, and reovirus type 3 were found in all five colonies. k-virus antibodies were present in four colonies. polyo ... | 1977 | 201796 |
| a comparison of the polypeptides of human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and murine pneumonia virus. | | 1977 | 562558 |
| pneumoviruses: the cell surface of lytically and persistently infected cells. | human embryonic lung (mrc-5), feline embryo (fea), mink lung (mv1lu) and monkey kidney (bsc-1) cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus showed characteristic morphological changes when viewed by scanning electron microscopy. the surfaces of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells developed a profusion of slender filaments after 48 h incubation at 31 degrees c. similar changes in surface morphology were observed in bsc-1 cells infected by murine pneumonia virus. filament production theref ... | 1979 | 118236 |
| [serological examinations on natural infections with mouse pathogens in inbred mouse strains: difference in antibody detection among the strains (author's transl)]. | serological surveys on several infections were performed on the inbred mouse strains maintained at the central institute for experimental animals. in the first survey, 11 strains of mouse, which were 8 weeks of age or older and were kept in separate cages in the same animal room, were tested for antibodies to salmonella enteritidis, corynebacterium kutscheri, tyzzer's organisms, mycoplasma pulmonis, mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), sendai virus (hvj), pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) and minute virus o ... | 1978 | 631200 |
| respiratory disease and wasting in athymic mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice. | although pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is ubiquitous among rodent colonies in the united states, it has not been reported to cause clinically apparent disease in euthymic mice. however, pvm has been reported to cause respiratory disease and death in experimentally infected euthymic and athymic mice. a group of nu/nu mice, housed in quarantine in a trexler-type isolator, had weight loss and dyspnea. gross necropsy findings included cachexia and diffuse pulmonary edema or lobar consolidation. hist ... | 1988 | 3374086 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice in rat sera. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was established to detect rat serum antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). vero cells infected with the virus were absorbed to the surface of microplates, and the presence of antibodies in the sample evaluated were demonstrated by the subsequent use of goat anti-rat immune globulin g conjugated to peroxidase and by specific substrate. the results indicated that antibodies against pneumonia virus of mice could be detected in rat serum with the el ... | 1978 | 374862 |
| polypeptides of pneumonia virus of mice. i. immunological cross-reactions and post-translational modifications. | a murine polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies have been employed to identify pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) polypeptides in infected cells and to study post-translational modifications. immunoprecipitation experiments using a murine polyclonal antiserum and a monoclonal antibody directed against a 39k protein have established an antigenic relationship between two pvm proteins and the n and p proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus. although 20 virus-specific polypeptides have been ... | 1989 | 2732719 |
| fatal pneumonia with terminal emaciation in nude mice caused by pneumonia virus of mice. | athymic nude mice used as sentinel animals in a mouse holding room died of pneumonia 17 to 32 weeks after being placed in the room. lesions in the pulmonary parenchyma consisted of monocytic exudate, epithelial cell necrosis, hemorrhage, fibrin deposition and interstitial fibrosis. septal edema, septal cell necrosis and septal capillary stasis were common, but there was limited sloughing of bronchial lining epithelium. indirect fluorescence microscopy (ifa) of lung sections using pneumonia virus ... | 1988 | 3411912 |
| replication of murine paramyxoviruses in hamster tracheal organ culture and comparison with standard tissue culture methods. | replication of sendai virus, pneumonia virus of mice, and sv5 was investigated in tracheal organ cultures from 2- to 4-day-old and 2- and 4-week-old hamsters, and viral infectivity in tracheal explants was compared with that in tissue culture monolayers. explants from 2- to 4-day-old hamsters produced higher titers of the three paramyxoviruses, as detected by hemadsorption with guinea pig and murine erythrocytes in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells. tracheal cultures from 2- and 4-week-old hams ... | 1976 | 184110 |
| murine pneumonia virus: seroepidemiological evidence of widespread human infection. | more than 75% of a random sample of adult human sera exhibited moderate to high murine pneumonia virus (pvm)-neutralizing activity. there was no correlation between pvm-neutralizing activity and respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza type 3 virus-neutralizing activities of the same sera. in children the proportion of sera with moderate to high titres increased with age, indicating early exposure to infection. seroconversion (i.e. greater than fourfold increase in titre) was observed in fou ... | 1986 | 3711866 |
| morphogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus in a green monkey kidney cell line (vero). | the structure and morphogenesis of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus particles in a green monkey kidney cell line (vero) were examined. infected cells contained dense intracytoplasmic inclusions composed of filamentous structures. in places where inclusion material was associated with membranes, structural modifications were induced. there was a thickening of the membrane and an addition of projections 12 to 15 nm in length. the same changes were most frequently observed after association of isol ... | 1970 | 4100527 |
| studies on pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) in cell culture. ii. structure and morphogenesis of the virus particle. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) particles are spheres 80-120 mmicro in diameter, or filaments of similar diameter with lengths up to 3 micro. the particles possess an outer spike-covered envelope and helical internal component 120-150 a in diameter. virus particles acquire their envelope by a budding process at the cell membrane; mature particles are seen only extracellularly. dense inclusions are prominent in the cytoplasm of pvm-infected bhk21 cells by 48 hr after inoculation. the inclusions app ... | 1967 | 4165741 |
| studies on pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) in cell culture. i. replication in baby hamster kidney cells and properties of the virus. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) has been serially propagated in a line of baby hamster kidney (bhk21) cells. a maximum titer of 6.3 x 10(6) tcid(50) per ml was obtained, and there was little variation in yield on serial passage. pvm grown in bhk21 cells was antigenically similar to virus obtained from the mouse lung, but was somewhat less virulent for the mouse after 10 serial passages in these cells. virus produced by bhk21 cells agglutinated mouse erythrocytes without prior heating or other trea ... | 1967 | 4165740 |
| viral cross contamination of rats maintained in a fabric-walled mass air flow system. | rates for microbial cross transmission were measured in sentinel rats housed for 60 days in a fabric-walled mass air flow system. naturally infected rats housed in the enclosure were the source of the infectious material. the cross transmission rates for rat coronaviruses, kilham's rat virus, pneumonia virus of mice, sendai virus, and toolan's h-1 virus, were measured by positive seroconversion. the mass air flow system did not prevent, over a 60-day period, the transmission of the rat coronavir ... | 1983 | 6645388 |
| comparative structure, morphogenesis and biological characteristics of the respiratory syncytial (rs) virus and the pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | | 1974 | 4213002 |
| a comparison in germ-free mice of the pathogenesis of sendai virus and mouse pneumonia virus infections. | the poathogenesis of sendai virus and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) was studied using the immunoperoxidase technique on paraffin lung sections. the pathology of sendai virus corresponds to that of a bronchopneumonia, with virus demonstrated by immunoperoxidase in the bronchial epithelium, and sometimes in macrophages, for a period of 2--9 days post-infection. pneumonia virus of mice produces an interstitial pneumonia with virus demonstrated in the bronchial epithelium but also in the alveolar wa ... | 1980 | 6157018 |
| nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the putative attachment glycoprotein (g) of mouse and tissue culture-passaged strains of pneumonia virus of mice. | the sequences of the genes encoding the putative attachment (g) proteins of pathogenic (strain j3666) mouse lung-passaged and nonpathogenic (strain 15) tissue culture-passaged strains of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) have been determined. in both cases the major polypeptide was synthesised from the second open reading frame (orf), a feature also found in the g gene of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, another pneumovirus. however, the orfs of the g genes of the two pvm strains were initiated at ... | 1995 | 7871733 |
| sequence of the phosphoprotein gene of pneumonia virus of mice: expression of multiple proteins from two overlapping reading frames. | the gene encoding the phosphoprotein of the pneumovirus pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) has been cloned and sequenced. the gene is 903 nucleotides in length and contains a long open reading frame (orf) capable of encoding a polypeptide of 295 amino acid residues. a smaller, second, overlapping orf encoding a polypeptide 137 amino acids in length was also present. the large orf directed the synthesis of a 39-kda polypeptide and four additional polypeptides with masses of 37 kda, 26 kda, 23 kda, and ... | 1994 | 8035533 |
| transmission of murine viruses and mycoplasma in laboratory mouse colonies with respect to housing conditions. | pathogen-free sentinel mice were placed in 7 animal rooms with different housing conditions and were serologically screened for antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), sendai virus, reovirus 3, theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), ectromelia virus and mycoplasma pulmonis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, at intervals after introduction. the most commonly detected antibody was against mhv, which was found in mice from 4 rooms, followed by pvm anti ... | 1994 | 8035561 |
| lethal exacerbation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in severe combined immunodeficiency mice after infection by pneumonia virus of mice. | mice homozygous for the mutant allele scid (severe combined immunodeficiency) have been described as excellent models for pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia (pcp), a major health problem in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and other immunodeficiency states. other microorganisms have been shown to infect aids patients simultaneously with pc, but whether one opportunist is able to directly influence the pathogenicity of another has not been determined previously. we have d ... | 1993 | 8459214 |
| [isolation of a murine pneumonia virus strain (mpv) and its cultivation in bhk-cells]. | | 1974 | 4446845 |
| persistence of pneumonia virus of mice and sendai virus in germ-free (nu/nu) mice. | the pathogenicity and persistence of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) and sendai virus has been studied using germ-free nu/nu mice. pvm was found to infect cells of the bronchial epithelium (and the alveolar wall) of the lungs of germ-free nu/nu mice using the immunoperoxidase technique. the virus was located in the bronchial epithelium for 11 days before elimination, but persisted in the alveolar wall for the duration of the experiment (20 days). after day 10 a humoral antibody response to pvm was ... | 1980 | 6252933 |
| comparison of hemagglutination inhibition, serum neutralization and elisa-pvm tests for the detection of antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice in rat sera. | recently, the seroneutralization, hemagglutination inhibition, and the elisa procedures were used to determine the presence of serum antibody to the pneumonia virus of mice in rat sera. this study was initiated to evaluate the reliability of these procedures to detect specific antibodies in our laboratory animal species. the results obtained indicate that: 1) the seroneutralization test is not reliable since numerous false-positive sera were detected; 2) the elisa is more sensitive than both the ... | 1981 | 7276130 |
| mutual viral and bacterial infections after housing rats of various breeders within an experimental unit. | fifteen athymic rat strains from 11 breeding colonies were housed within an experimental facility for an immunological study. health status records supplied with 14 of the strains listed infections by kilham's rat virus (krv), clostridium piliforme (bacillus piliformis) and pasteurella pneumotropica for 2, 2 and 1 colonies respectively. in sera taken previous to the study from euthymic rats of 10 strains, antibodies to krv were detected in 3 strains, to pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), rat corona ... | 1996 | 8709572 |
| pathogenesis of pneumovirus infections in mice: detection of pneumonia virus of mice and human respiratory syncytial virus mrna in lungs of infected mice by in situ hybridization. | the pathogenesis of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in balb/c mice were investigated by using in situ hybridization to detect virus mrna in fixed lung sections. following intranasal inoculation with 120 p.f.u. pvm the pattern of hybridization showed that virus mrna was initially detected within 2 days in alveolar cells. as the infection progressed the number of hybridizing alveolar cells increased and signal was also detected in cells lining the termina ... | 1998 | 9780046 |
| murine viruses in an island population of introduced house mice and endemic short-tailed mice in western australia. | house mice (mus domesticus) were recently introduced to thevenard island, off the northwest coast of western australia. this island is also habitat for an endangered native rodent, the short-tailed mouse (leggadina lakedownensis). concerns have been raised that house mice may pose a threat to l. lakedownensis both through competition and as a source of infection. to assess the threat to l. lakedownensis posed by viral pathogens from m. domesticus, a serological survey was conducted from 1994 to ... | 1999 | 10231757 |
| ten-year long monitoring of laboratory mouse and rat colonies in french facilities: a retrospective study. | from 1988 to 1997, a total of 69 mouse colonies and 36 rat colonies were examined for the presence of antibodies to 14 indigenous viruses of mice and rats. among mouse viruses, high positivity rates were observed with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (themv), minute virus of mice (mvm), sendai virus and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm); the prevalence rates were high in rats with khilam's rat virus (krv), themv, toolan's h-1 virus, sendai virus, parker's rat coronaviru ... | 2000 | 10759370 |
| a serological indication of the existence of a guineapig poliovirus. | attempts were made to clarify whether laboratory guineapigs may harbour a poliovirus which, in 1911, was described as the cause of a disease called guineapig lameness. by the use of elisa for antibodies against the poliovirus, theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), it was shown that two pet shop guineapigs suffering from lameness had extremely high titres against poliovirus, while healthy guineapigs from the same pet shop were negative. clearly positive results were also found in 35 ou ... | 1997 | 9230501 |
| nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the matrix and small hydrophobic proteins of pneumonia virus of mice. | the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the matrix (m) protein and the small hydrophobic (sh) protein of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) are described. the matrix protein gene contains a large open reading frame encoding polypeptide of 257 residues which shows considerable (38.6-42.1%) amino acid identity with the matrix proteins of other pneumoviruses. the matrix gene also contains a second, smaller, open reading frame (orf) as seen with the equivalent genes of other pneumoviruses. the pvm ... | 1997 | 9140191 |
| gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) are viruses of the family paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirus, which cause clinically important respiratory infections in humans and rodents, respectively. the respiratory epithelial target cells respond to viral infection with specific alterations in gene expression, including production of chemoattractant cytokines, adhesion molecules, elements that are related to the apoptosis response, and others that remain incompletely ... | 2001 | 11686888 |
| eosinophils, eosinophil ribonucleases, and their role in host defense against respiratory virus pathogens. | eosinophils remain among the most enigmatic of cells, as our appreciation of their detrimental activities--e.g., asthma and allergic disease--far outweighs our understanding of their beneficial effects. among the major secretory effector proteins of eosinophils are the ribonucleases eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) in primates and their orthologs, the eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (ears) in rodents. the rapid diversification observed among these rib ... | 2001 | 11698487 |
| the chemokine macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha and its receptor ccr1 control pulmonary inflammation and antiviral host defense in paramyxovirus infection. | in this work, we explore the responses of specific gene-deleted mice to infection with the paramyxovirus pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). we have shown previously that infection of wild type mice with pvm results in pulmonary neutrophilia and eosinophilia accompanied by local production of macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha (mip-1 alpha). here we examine the role of mip-1 alpha in the pathogenesis of this disease using mice deficient in mip-1 alpha or its receptor, ccr1. the inflammatory resp ... | 2000 | 10946298 |
| mip-1alpha is produced but it does not control pulmonary inflammation in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. | the intent of this study was to compare the cellular and biochemical inflammatory responses of mice infected with the paramyxovirus pathogens respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). although rsv is not a natural pathogen of mice, it has been used extensively in mouse models of the human disease, as a limited respiratory infection can be established via intranasal inoculation of virus at high titer. in earlier work, we found that acute infection with the natural roden ... | 2000 | 11161432 |
| detection and characterization of proteins encoded by the second orf of the m2 gene of pneumoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the m2 gene of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) was determined. the sequence showed that the gene encoded a protein of 176 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 20165 da from a major orf, which is smaller than the equivalent proteins encoded by human, bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial (rs) viruses. the pvm m2 protein is conserved, having 41% similarity to the equivalent human rs virus protein. in common with the m2 genes of the rs viruses and avian pneumovir ... | 1999 | 10466798 |
| response of weanling random-bred mice to infection with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | weanling random bred mice inoculated intranasally with 2,500 median tissue culture infectious doses of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) had recoverable virus in the upper respiratory tract for the first 9 days post-infection. virus was isolated from the lungs only on day 5. seroconversion was first detected on day 9, and serum antibody titers continued to rise throughout the period of the study (24 days). lesions were confined to the nasal cavity of infected mice. susceptible contacts placed in cag ... | 1984 | 6716954 |
| experimental pneumovirus infections: 1. hydrocephalus of mice due to infection with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | the effects of the intracerebral inoculation of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) into neonatal mice were investigated by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and viral isolation. viral inclusions and virus-specific antigens, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence, were maximal on the 6th day after inoculation, revealing general infection of ependyma and very limited infection of the leptomeninges and the choroid plexus. hydrocephalus occurred on day 21 in 80% of inoculated mice. this report describ ... | 1980 | 7004199 |
| glucocorticoid administration accelerates mortality of pneumovirus-infected mice. | the use of glucocorticoids for the treatment of symptoms associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been questioned. to evaluate the sequelae of glucocorticoid administration in the setting of pneumovirus infection in vivo, hydrocortisone was administered to mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), a pneumovirus and natural rodent pathogen that is closely related to rsv and replicates the signs and symptoms of severe human rsv infection. results showed that hydrocor ... | 2001 | 11740726 |
| differential expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes in vivo in response to pathogenic and nonpathogenic pneumovirus infections. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm; paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirinae) is an important pathogen for the study of physiologically relevant acute inflammatory responses in rodent hosts. in contrast to the severe symptomatology observed in response to infection with pvm strain j3666, infection with strain 15 resulted in few clinical symptoms, limited cellular inflammatory response, and no production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha or monocyte chemoattractant peptide (mcp)-1. microarray a ... | 2002 | 12089656 |
| lung cancer model system using 3-methylcholanthrene in inbred strains of mice. | a model system has been established for studying lung carcinogenesis using intratracheal instillation of 3-methylcholanthrene in c3h/anfcum and c57bl/cum x c3h/anfcum f1 (hereafter called bc3f1/cum) mice. the animals in these studies were screened for adventitious agents and were free throughout their lifetime of two important lung viruses, sendai virus and pneumonia virus of mice. under these conditions, the occurrence of spontaneous and chemically indiced lung cancers was determined over the l ... | 1981 | 7307005 |
| comparison of the hemagglutination inhibition procedure and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of specific antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice in experimentally infected laboratory rats. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test were used to evaluate the response of laboratory rats to experimental infection with pneumonia virus of mice. the elisa procedure was more sensitive than the hi test and detected very low levels of antibodies early in the course of infection. at 5 days postinfection, elisa detected antibody increases in five of five animals, whereas only two of five increases were detected by the hi test. at 9 days postinf ... | 1980 | 7358839 |
| altered pathogenesis of severe pneumovirus infection in response to combined antiviral and specific immunomodulatory agents. | we report here the responses of mice with symptomatic pneumovirus infection to combined antiviral and specific immunomodulatory agents. mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice, a natural mouse pathogen that replicates the signs and symptoms of severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), responded to the antiviral agent ribavirin when it was administered in the setting of endogenous (gene deletion) or exogenous (antibody-mediated) blockade of the mip-1alpha proinflammatory signali ... | 2003 | 12502841 |
| new isolates of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) from japanese rat colonies and their characterization. | two virus strains were isolated from the lungs of athymic rats and mice used as sentinel animals in 2 colonies of laboratory rats in japan in which antibodies to the pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) had been detected. the new isolates were identified as pvm by the following characteristics: rna virus, susceptibility to ether treatment, long filamentous viral structure in the cytoplasm of infected cells, and hemagglutinating activity in various erythrocytes, including those of mice and rats. in addi ... | 1995 | 7601231 |
| characterization of a novel parainfluenza virus, caviid parainfluenza virus 3, from laboratory guinea pigs (cavia porcellus). | a novel respirovirus was isolated from nasopharyngeal swab specimens from clinically normal laboratory guinea pigs, and was characterized and named caviid parainfluenza virus 3 (cavpiv-3). the cavpiv-3 is enveloped, is 100 to 300 nm in diameter, and has a characteristic 15-nm-diameter chevron-shaped virus ribonucleocapsid protein. sequence analysis of the fusion glycoprotein of cavpiv-3 revealed it to be 94% identical to human and guinea pig parainfluenza 3 (piv-3) viruses and 80% identical to b ... | 2002 | 12540169 |
| identification of amino acids that are critical to the processivity function of respiratory syncytial virus m2-1 protein. | the m2-1 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a transcription processivity factor that is essential for virus replication. the function of rsv m2-1 protein can be examined by using an rsvlacz minigenome assay in vitro since the expression of the lacz gene is dependent on m2-1. the m2-1 protein of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), also a member of the pneumovirus genus, functions poorly in the rsvlacz minigenome assay despite conservation of the cys(3)-his(1) motif at its n terminus and a ... | 2003 | 12692207 |
| characterisation of the interaction between the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein of pneumonia virus of mice. | a protein blotting technique was used to study the interaction occurring between the pneumonia virus of mice n protein and other pvm encoded proteins expressed in infected cells. measurement of the degree of binding indicated that the n protein specifically interacted only with the full-length 39 kda p protein in infected cells. truncated n-related proteins were synthesised in vitro and incubated with filter-bound full-length and truncated p proteins. the data suggested that many regions of the ... | 1995 | 8837886 |
| experimental pneumonia virus of mice infection of guineapigs spontaneously infected with bordetella bronchiseptica. | guineapigs that were intranasally inoculated with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) seroconverted to pvm by 11 days post-infection. during the course of study (2-60 days post-infection) no gross or histologic lesions were identified within the lungs that could be attributed to pvm infection. mild rhinitis and tracheitis were found in most animals and acute purulent bronchopneumonia in two animals, which may have resulted from spontaneous subclinical bordetella bronchiseptica infection. viral and bac ... | 1997 | 9121108 |
| effect of sodium monofluoroacetate on the multiplication of influenza viruses, mumps virus and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | sodium fluoroacetate, given after virus inoculation in doses of 3 to 4 mg. per kg. in mice or 2 mg. in chick embryos, caused only a slight delay in the multiplication of the pr8 strain of influenza a virus in the mouse lung and of pr8 or the lee strain of influenza b virus in the allantoic sac. the quantities of the compound used were sufficient to cause approximately 10 to 20 per cent mortality in mice and 100 per cent in chick embryos. the use of small virus inocula did not markedly increase t ... | 1952 | 13022848 |
| chimeric pneumovirus nucleocapsid (n) proteins allow identification of amino acids essential for the function of the respiratory syncytial virus n protein. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of the pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major structural protein which encapsidates the rna genome and is essential for replication and transcription of the rsv genome. the n protein of the related virus pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is functionally unable to replace the rsv n protein in a minigenome replication assay. using chimeric proteins, in which the immediate c-terminal part of the rsv n protein was replaced with the equivalent region of the ... | 2003 | 13679601 |
| chemokine regulation of inflammation during acute viral infection. | chemokines are important inflammatory mediators, and regulate disease due to viral infection. this article will discuss scientific papers published primarily since june 2002 that have introduced new concepts in how chemokines regulate the inflammatory response to specific viruses. | 2003 | 14612671 |
| lack of identity of polyoma virus and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | | 1960 | 13828133 |
| the dependence of the pathological lesion upon the multiplication of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm); kinetic relation between the degree of viral multiplication and the extent of pneumonia. | the rate of multiplication of pvm in the mouse lung is relatively constant, averaging 7.9-fold per day with but slight variations, irrespective of the amount of virus inoculated. similarly, the rate of increase in the amount of pneumonia is relatively constant, averaging 4.7-fold per day, even though the quantity of virus inoculated is varied over a wide range. it follows that viral multiplication proceeds 1.7 times more rapidly than does extension of the pathological lesion, both reaching limit ... | 1951 | 14803638 |
| characteristics of the multiplication cycle of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | a study of the multiplication of pvm in the mouse lung yielded evidence in support of the hypothesis that discrete cycles occur. the cycle is characterized by a latent period of about 15 hours, an incremental period of 10 to 15 hours and a total duration of 24 to 30 hours. the yield of virus per cycle is approximately 16-fold. a large proportion, approximately 90 per cent, of pvm is lost on intranasal inoculation and cannot be recovered from the lung. of the virus which reaches the lung, almost ... | 1951 | 14803639 |
| pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) in cell culture. | | 1962 | 13980577 |
| pulmonary eosinophilia and production of mip-1alpha are prominent responses to infection with pneumonia virus of mice. | human eosinophils secrete two distinct ribonucleases that have antiviral activity against pathogens of the family paramyxoviridae. to examine the role of eosinophils and their ribonucleases in host defense against paramyxovirus pathogens in vivo, we have developed a mouse model involving a viral pathogen that naturally targets a rodent host. in this work we describe infection of balb/c mice with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm, strain j3666), a paramyxovirus pathogen found frequently among rodent p ... | 2000 | 10753501 |
| therapy of infection with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm); effect of a polysaccharide on the multiplication cycles of the virus and on the course of the viral pneumonia. | inhibition of the multiplication of pvm by the capsular polysaccharide of friedländer bacillus, type b, is associated with restriction in the development of pneumonia induced with the virus in the mouse lung. the extent of the pneumonic process appears to be a function of the degree of viral multiplication; the greater the inhibition of multiplication, the less extensive is the pneumonia and the more probable is the recovery of animals treated with the polysaccharide. effective therapy of pneumo ... | 1951 | 14803640 |
| in vitro reactions of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | | 1951 | 14849618 |
| interference between mumps virus and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) fate of mumps virus in the mouse lung. | | 1951 | 14888901 |
| quantitative aspects of the multiplication of influenza a virus in the mouse lung; relation between the degree of viral multiplication and the extent of pneumonia. | influenza a virus, pr8 strain, increases in amount in the infected mouse lung at a relatively constant rate. when more than 25 m.s.50 doses of virus is inoculated, the rate of multiplication appears to be independent of the amount of virus introduced; has a value of 1,100-fold increase per day. the rate of increase in the pulmonary lesions induced by infection of the mouse lung with pr8 also appears to be relatively constant and independent of the amount of virus inoculated; has a value of 8.5-f ... | 1952 | 14907966 |
| the enhancing effect of urethane on the severity of infection with pneumonia virus of mice. | urethane, given parenterally or orally to mice, increased the severity of pvm infection. not only were the lesions more extensive but mice could be infected with smaller inocula of virus and the multiplication of virus in the lung was enhanced. there was atrophy of lymphoid tissues but no suppression was noted of antibody formation. no relation could be found between pvm infection and the development of pulmonary adenomas in mice. | 1952 | 14907967 |
| effect of adrenal hormones on infection of mice with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | | 1951 | 14911933 |
| respiratory syncytial virus, pneumonia virus of mice, and influenza a virus differently affect respiratory allergy in mice. | respiratory viral infections in early childhood may interact with the immune system and modify allergen sensitization and/or allergic manifestations. in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during allergic provocation aggravates the allergic t helper (th) 2 immune response, characterized by the production of il-4, il-5, and il-13, and inflammatory infiltrates. however, it is unclear whether the rsv-enhanced respiratory allergic response is a result of non-specific virus-induced dama ... | 2004 | 15005745 |
| further studies on the associative reactions of pneumonia virus of mice and influenza viruses; combination with various animal tissues and adsorbents. | tissue particles from a wide variety of animal tissues possess the capacity to combine with pvm. various adsorbents also combine with the virus. elution of pvm from combination with either tissue particles or adsorbents can be achieved by appropriately altering the ionic environment. influenza viruses also are adsorbed on and eluted from adsorbents under similar conditions. reasons are presented for thinking that combination of pvm with tissue particles results from the action of adsorptive forc ... | 1950 | 15395573 |
| animal pneumoviruses: molecular genetics and pathogenesis. | pneumoviruses are single-stranded, negative-sense, nonsegmented rna viruses of the family paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirinae, and include pathogens that infect humans (respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus), domestic mammals (bovine, ovine, and caprine respiratory syncytial viruses), rodents (pneumonia virus of mice), and birds (avian metapneumovirus). among the topics considered in this review are recent studies focused on the roles of the individual virus-encoded componen ... | 2004 | 15084507 |
| genome sequence of the non-pathogenic strain 15 of pneumonia virus of mice and comparison with the genome of the pathogenic strain j3666. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is a member of the subfamily pneumovirinae and is the closest known relative of respiratory syncytial virus. both viruses cause pneumonia in their respective hosts. here, the genome sequences of two strains of pvm, non-pathogenic strain 15 and pathogenic strain j3666, are reported. comparison of the genome sequences revealed 59 nucleotide differences between the two strains, 37 of which were coding. the nucleotide differences were spread throughout the genome, affec ... | 2005 | 15604443 |
| detection of sendai virus and pneumonia virus of mice by use of fluorogenic nuclease reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. | sendai virus may induce acute respiratory tract disease in laboratory mice and is a common contaminant of biological materials. pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) also infects the respiratory tract and, like sendai virus, may induce a persistent wasting disease syndrome in immunodeficient mice. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays have proven useful for detection of sendai virus and pvm immunodeficient animals and contaminated biomaterials. fluorogenic nuclease rt-pcr assay ... | 2003 | 12784851 |
| functional antagonism of chemokine receptor ccr1 reduces mortality in acute pneumovirus infection in vivo. | we present an antiviral-immunomodulatory therapeutic strategy involving the chemokine receptor antagonist met-rantes, which yields significant survival in the setting of an otherwise fatal respiratory virus infection. in previous work, we demonstrated that infection with the natural rodent pathogen pneumonia virus of mice involves robust virus replication accompanied by cellular inflammation modulated by the cc chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (mip-1alpha). we found that the anti ... | 2004 | 15254170 |
| animal models for studying respiratory syncytial virus infection and its long term effects on lung function. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infection causes a spectrum of illnesses ranging from mild infection to life-threatening bronchiolitis and respiratory failure. human studies on the pathogenesis of rsv infection are invaluable, but animal models permit advances with the use of experimental strategies that would be inappropriate in human studies. | 2004 | 15577578 |
| reevaluation of the virulence of prototypic strain 15 of pneumonia virus of mice. | prototypic strain 15 of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) has been described as being nonpathogenic in mice, in contrast to the mouse-passaged, highly virulent strain j3666. previous sequence analysis also indicated that strain 15 encodes an attachment g protein that is truncated at the amino terminus, which for the amino terminally anchored protein deletes the cytoplasmic tail. however, we found that pvm strain 15 obtained from the american type culture collection was highly virulent in mice and wa ... | 2004 | 15542688 |
| identification of a truncated nucleoprotein in avian metapneumovirus-infected cells encoded by a second aug, in-frame to the full-length gene. | avian metapneumoviruses (ampv) cause an upper respiratory disease with low mortality, but high morbidity primarily in commercial turkeys. there are three types of ampv (a, b, c) of which the c type is found only in the united states. viruses related to ampv include human, bovine, ovine, and caprine respiratory syncytial viruses and pneumonia virus of mice, as well as the recently identified human metapneumovirus (hmpv). the ampv and hmpv have become the type viruses of a new genus within the met ... | 2005 | 15826312 |
| diminished expression of an antiviral ribonuclease in response to pneumovirus infection in vivo. | the mouse eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (mears) are species specific, divergent orthologs of the human antiviral rnase a ribonucleases, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (rnase 2) and eosinophil cationic protein (rnase 3). we show here that mear 2 is also an antiviral ribonuclease, as micromolar concentrations promote a approximately sixfold reduction in the infectivity of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) for target respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. although initially identified as a compone ... | 2003 | 12927308 |
| suppression of pattern-recognition receptor tlr4 sensing does not alter lung responses to pneumovirus infection. | toll-like receptors (tlr) are an important component in the innate immune response to a wide variety of pathogens. recently, a series of studies has addressed the hypothesis that tlr4 also participates in the host innate response against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. in most of the studies available, rsv, which is not a natural pathogen of mice, has been systematically used in mouse models of human bronch ... | 2006 | 16458035 |
| inflammatory responses to pneumovirus infection in ifn-alpha beta r gene-deleted mice. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm; family paramyxoviridae) is a natural pathogen of rodents that reproduces important clinical features of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in humans. as anticipated, pvm infection induces transcription of ifn antiviral response genes preferentially in wild-type over ifn-alphabetar gene-deleted (ifn-alphabetar-/-) mice. however, we demonstrate that pvm infection results in enhanced expression of eotaxin-2 (ccl24), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine ( ... | 2005 | 16177121 |
| respiratory dysfunction and proinflammatory chemokines in the pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) model of viral bronchiolitis. | we explore relationships linking clinical symptoms, respiratory dysfunction, and local production of proinflammatory chemokines in the pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) model of viral bronchiolitis. with a reduced inoculum of this natural rodent pathogen, we observe virus clearance by day 9, while clinical symptoms and respiratory dysfunction persist through days 14 and 17 postinoculation, respectively. via microarray and elisa, we identify expression profiles of proinflammatory mediators mip-1alpha ... | 2006 | 16563455 |
| prevalence of naturally occurring viral infections, mycoplasma pulmonis and clostridium piliforme in laboratory rodents in western europe screened from 2000 to 2003. | in this report prevalence rates of rodent viruses in laboratory animals are presented based on routine serological screening of mouse and rat colonies from european institutes. the prevalences found during the period 2000-2003 are compared with those reported for 1981-1984 and 1990-1993. it is shown that some infections were eliminated from laboratory animal colonies (e.g. k-virus and polyomavirus) by taking preventative measures whereas other infections such as mouse hepatitis virus and parvovi ... | 2006 | 16600073 |
| activation and inactivation of antiviral cd8 t cell responses during murine pneumovirus infection. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is a natural pathogen of mice and has been proposed as a tractable model for the replication of a pneumovirus in its natural host, which mimics human infection with human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). pvm infection in mice is highly productive in terms of virus production compared with the situation seen with rsv in mice. because rsv suppresses cd8 t cell effector function in the lungs of infected mice, we have investigated the nature of pvm-induced cd8 t cell ... | 2005 | 16272314 |
| the cytoplasmic domain of the f protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is not required for cell fusion. | the cytoplasmic domains of the fusion proteins encoded by several viruses play a role in cell fusion and contain sites for palmitoylation associated with viral protein trafficking and virus assembly. the fusion (f) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) has a predicted cytoplasmic domain of 26 residues containing a single palmitoylated cysteine residue that is conserved in bovine rsv f protein, but not in the f proteins of other pneumoviruses such as pneumonia virus of mice, human m ... | 2006 | 16432027 |
| differential resistance/susceptibility patterns to pneumovirus infection among inbred mouse strains. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a prominent cause of airway morbidity in children under 1 yr of age. it is assumed that host factors influence the severity of the disease presentation and thus the need for hospitalization. as a first step toward the identification of the underlying genes involved, this study was undertaken to establish whether inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), the murine counterpart of rsv, which has been shown to accurately mim ... | 2006 | 16556725 |
| stimulation of pneumovirus-specific cd8+ t-cells using a non-toxic recombinant ricin delivery system. | internalisation of the plant toxin ricin occurs by retrograde transport which delivers the toxin to the er where it intersects with the mhc class i system for peptide antigen display. here, we describe the generation of an inactivated, non-toxic, ricin molecule fused to a peptide which elicits a cd8+ t-cell response in mice directed against pneumonia virus of mice, a pneumovirus related to human respiratory syncytial virus. the ricin fusion elicited a significant t-cell response when delivered b ... | 2007 | 16650896 |
| mucosal inoculation with an attenuated mouse pneumovirus strain protects against virulent challenge in wild type and interferon-gamma receptor deficient mice. | protective mechanisms underlying the responses to mucosal vaccination are not yet clearly defined. using the natural mouse pneumovirus pathogen, pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), we explore responses of wild type and interferon-gamma (ifngamma) receptor gene-deleted mice to virulent challenge after mucosal vaccination with an attenuated virus strain. serum neutralizing antibodies develop after intranasal inoculation with 30 pfu of attenuated, replication-competent pvm strain 15, which correlate wit ... | 2007 | 17052820 |
| identification of a novel virulence factor in recombinant pneumonia virus of mice. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is a murine relative of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). here we developed a reverse genetics system for pvm based on a consensus sequence for virulent strain 15. recombinant pvm and a version engineered to express green fluorescent protein replicated as efficiently as the biological parent in vitro but were 4- and 12.5-fold attenuated in vivo, respectively. the g proteins of hrsv and pvm have been suggested to contribute to viral pathogenesis, but this had ... | 2007 | 17567693 |
| efficient replication of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) in a mouse macrophage cell line. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm; family paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirinae) is a natural respiratory pathogen of rodent species and an important new model for the study of severe viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia. however, despite high virus titers typically detected in infected mouse lung tissue in vivo, cell lines used routinely for virus propagation in vitro are not highly susceptible to pvm infection. we have evaluated several rodent and primate cell lines for susceptibility to pvm infect ... | 2007 | 17547763 |
| diminished inflammatory responses to natural pneumovirus infection among older mice. | immune responses to virus infection undergo significant change as part of the aging process. here we examine the inflammatory responses of older, but otherwise immunologically naive mice to infection with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). although we see no changes in the extent or kinetics of virus replication, we observe diminished local production of inflammatory mediators, including mip-1alpha, je/mcp-1, ifn-gamma and ifn-gamma-induced mig and ip-10, and interleukins (il)-6 and il-17. levels of ... | 2007 | 17655904 |