| paramyxovirdae. | iit is proposed that the family paramyxovirdae shall comprise three genera: paramyxovirus, morbillivirus, and pneumovirus. | 1978 | 681143 |
| immuno-gold labelling of turkey rhinotracheitis virus. | the morphology and morphogenesis of five viruses isolated in great britain, france and south africa from turkeys with rhinotracheitis were examined. the five isolates were antigenically related by immunofluorescence and were indistinguishable by negative contrast and thin section electron microscopy. negative contrast electron microscopy of infected vero cell cultures revealed ortho- or paramyxovirus-like particles and helical nucleocapsids 14 nm in diameter with a pitch of 6 nm. the viral natur ... | 1992 | 1414097 |
| sequence and in vitro expression of the m2 gene of turkey rhinotracheitis pneumovirus. | negative-stranded virion rna and oligonucleotide primers complementary to fusion (f) protein gene sequences were used to generate cdna clones, revealing that the gene 5'-proximal to the f protein corresponded to the m2 (22k) gene, as in respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. the transcription start signal, gggacaagu, was identical to that of the f and matrix (m) proteins of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv). there were two sequences with the potential to function as transcription termination/poly(a ... | 1992 | 1607858 |
| sequence analysis of the gene encoding the fusion glycoprotein of pneumonia virus of mice suggests possible conserved secondary structure elements in paramyxovirus fusion glycoproteins. | the gene encoding the fusion (f) glycoprotein of pneumonia virus of mice consists of 1657 bases and contains an open reading frame encoding 537 amino acids which is more similar to the f proteins of pneumoviruses than to those of other paramyxoviruses. computer-assisted sequence analyses can be combined with data on the antigenicity of various f proteins to suggest a possible arrangement of secondary structure elements common to all pneumovirus and paramyxovirus f proteins. | 1992 | 1629698 |
| cloning and sequencing of the matrix protein (m) gene of turkey rhinotracheitis virus reveal a gene order different from that of respiratory syncytial virus. | several biochemical properties and the sequence of the fusion glycoprotein (f) have indicated that turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) is a pneumovirus, subfamily pneumovirinae of the paramyxoviridae family. as trtv was known to generate polycistronic mrnas, cdna was generated from trtv strain uk/3bv/85-infected vero cell mrnas using an oligonucleotide primer corresponding to a region of the f gene. sequencing of four cdnas revealed that the gene adjacent to the beginning (3' end) of the f gene ... | 1992 | 1733097 |
| deduced amino acid sequence of the fusion glycoprotein of turkey rhinotracheitis virus has greater identity with that of human respiratory syncytial virus, a pneumovirus, than that of paramyxoviruses and morbilliviruses. | the sequence of the fusion (f) glycoprotein of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) has been deduced from cdna clones derived from oligo(dt)-selected infected cell rna. the protein consists of 538 amino acids, the f2 and f1 subunits containing 102 (including the f2-f1 connecting peptide rrrr) and 436 residues, respectively. each subunit has one potential n-linked glycosylation site. the protein has 38 to 39% amino acid identity with the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus (pneumovirus genus) ... | 1991 | 1990068 |
| the nucleotide sequences of intergenic regions between nine genes of pneumonia virus of mice establish the physical order of these genes in the viral genome. | we have cloned eight intergenic regions from the pneumovirus pneumonia virus of mice that link the nine small and medium sized genes previously described (chambers et al., 1990). the nucleotide sequences of the clones confirm the locations of these genes and their mrna transcripts in the viral genome. the intergenic regions vary in size from 2-56 nucleotides and show only faint homology to each other or to their analogues in respiratory syncytial virus. sequence alignments suggest that the locat ... | 1991 | 2042399 |
| avian paramyxoviridae--recent developments. | this paper reviews the recent developments related to members of the paramyxoviridae family which infect avian species. these developments include: (1) the identification of the virus responsible for the diseases turkey rhinotracheitis and swollen head syndrome in chickens as a member of the pneumovirus genus, the first of this type to be isolated from birds. (2) the use of monoclonal antibodies prepared against newcastle disease virus (ndv) and other avian paramyxoviruses which has enabled more ... | 1990 | 2205966 |
| morbillivirus group: genome organisation and proteins. | the paramyxoviridae family is divided into three genera: paramyxovirus, pneumovirus and morbillivirus. in the last group, there are four closely related viruses which are seriously pathogenic for man and animals, and usually cause acute diseases. at least two of them (measles and canine distemper viruses) can cause a persistent infection which leads to a chronic disease of the nervous system that, in the end, is fatal. for a long time, the biochemical analysis of morbilliviruses was hampered by ... | 1990 | 2205968 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis and expression from recombinant vectors demonstrate that the attachment protein g of bovine respiratory syncytial virus is distinct from that of human respiratory syncytial virus. | bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus causes a severe lower respiratory tract disease in calves similar to the disease in children caused by human respiratory syncytial (hrs) virus. while there is antigenic cross-reactivity among the other major viral structural proteins, the major glycoprotein, g, of brs virus and that of hrs virus are antigenically distinct. the g glycoprotein has been implicated as the attachment protein for hrs virus. we have carried out a molecular comparison of the glyc ... | 1990 | 2214024 |
| [virucidal efficacy of eight disinfectants against pneumovirus, coronavirus and parvovirus]. | the virucidal activity of 8 disinfectants was analyzed towards 3 groups of viruses responsible for diseases in animals (pneumovirus, coronavirus, parvovirus). whether organic matter is present or not, parvoviruses are the most resistant, since concentrations of disinfectants 20-500 times higher than those inactivating coronaviruses and pneumoviruses must used. when organic matters are present the activity of disinfectant is considerably reduced. among the products tested, 0.8% soda and sodium hy ... | 1990 | 2288453 |
| the mumps virus nucleocapsid mrna sequence and homology among the paramyxoviridae proteins. | the nucleotide sequence of mumps virus nucleocapsid protein (np) mrna has been determined from two overlapping cdna clones and confirmed by partial sequencing of the mrna and the genome. the mrna contains 1844 nucleotides excluding poly(a) and encodes a protein of 553 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 61,792. a comparison of the mumps virus nucleocapsid protein sequence with that of other paramyxoviruses revealed a moderate degree of homology (33.1%) with the newcastle disease vi ... | 1989 | 2718626 |
| polypeptides of pneumonia virus of mice. i. immunological cross-reactions and post-translational modifications. | a murine polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies have been employed to identify pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) polypeptides in infected cells and to study post-translational modifications. immunoprecipitation experiments using a murine polyclonal antiserum and a monoclonal antibody directed against a 39k protein have established an antigenic relationship between two pvm proteins and the n and p proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus. although 20 virus-specific polypeptides have been ... | 1989 | 2732719 |
| pneumovirus-like characteristics of the mrna and proteins of turkey rhinotracheitis virus. | electronmicroscopy has indicated that turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv), the causative agent of an acute respiratory disease in turkeys, is a member of the paramyxoviridae family. to determine if trtv belongs to one of the three defined genera of this family (paramyxovirus, morbillivirus and pneumovirus) we have analysed the rna and proteins induced during replication of trtv in vero cells. following replication in the presence of actinomycin d 10 polyadenylated rna bands, ranging in mr from 0 ... | 1988 | 3195218 |
| characterization of a virus associated with turkey rhinotracheitis. | a virus associated with turkey rhinotracheitis was purified and its morphology and structural polypeptides were compared with those of the bovine, human and murine members of the genus pneumovirus. the isolate possessed surface projections 13 to 14 nm in length and a helical nucleocapsid 14 nm in diameter with a pitch of 7 nm. approximately seven presumed viral polypeptides were observed. their apparent molecular weights were 200 x 10(3) (200k), 84k, 54k, 42k, 37k, 31k and 14k; two of these, the ... | 1988 | 3356981 |
| turkey rhinotracheitis virus: in vivo and in vitro polypeptide synthesis. | turkey rhinotracheitis (trt) virus is a paramyxovirus associated with recent outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in turkeys. on morphological criteria it resembles the pneumoviruses more than the other members of the paramyxovirus family. in this communication we report the identification of five virus-induced polypeptides in trt virus-infected bs-c-1 cells. the mr of these polypeptides were estimated as 38k, 35k, 30k, 19k and 15k from their electrophoretic mobility in sds-polyacrylamide 6 to ... | 1988 | 3356982 |
| microfilaments associated with paget's disease of bone: comparison with nucleocapsids of measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus. | the structural characteristics and intracellular disposition of microtubules present in osteoclasts in paget's disease of bone were compared with those of nucleocapsids in cells infected with measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the distribution of microtubules in pagetic osteoclasts closely paralleled that of measles nucleocapsids in monkey kidney cells, but the dimensions of the pagetic microtubules were significantly different from those of measles virus. in contrast, pagetic ... | 1982 | 6292129 |
| evidence for both respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus antigens in the osteoclasts of patients with paget's disease of bone. | recent ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence supports the hypothesis that paget's disease of bone is a slow viral infection of the paramyxoviridae family. conflicting evidence for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a pneumovirus, or measles, a morbillivirus, has been reported. by the indirect fluorescent antibody assay, four rsv antisera were compared with four measles antisera on serial sections of pagetic bone or replicate coverslips of cells from pagetic bone grown ... | 1984 | 6365389 |
| experimental pneumovirus infections: 1. hydrocephalus of mice due to infection with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). | the effects of the intracerebral inoculation of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) into neonatal mice were investigated by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and viral isolation. viral inclusions and virus-specific antigens, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence, were maximal on the 6th day after inoculation, revealing general infection of ependyma and very limited infection of the leptomeninges and the choroid plexus. hydrocephalus occurred on day 21 in 80% of inoculated mice. this report describ ... | 1980 | 7004199 |
| experimental pneumovirus infections. 2. hydrocephalus of hamsters and mice due to infection with human respiratory syncytial virus (rs). | respiratory syncytial virus (rs) injected into suckling hamsters and mice via the cerebral route induced hydrocephalus in 35% of the animals. the pathogenesis of the condition has been examined by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and virus isolation. infection of leptomeninges and ependyma was revealed by immunofluorescence of virus-specific antigens between days 3 and 7 after inoculation. histologically, eosinophilic inclusion bodies were visible within the cytoplasma of ependymal and meni ... | 1982 | 7065124 |
| morphogenesis and structure of caprine respiratory syncytial virus. | cell cultures inoculated with caprine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were studied with light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy to determine the morphogenesis and structure of the virus. small syncytia were seen after 36 hours in culture. after 48 hours in culture, syncytia were large and numerous and pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions were seen. these inclusions were more pronounced and numerous later in the infection cycle. indirect immunofluorescence revealed a diffuse to granular cytop ... | 1980 | 7416970 |
| new isolates of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) from japanese rat colonies and their characterization. | two virus strains were isolated from the lungs of athymic rats and mice used as sentinel animals in 2 colonies of laboratory rats in japan in which antibodies to the pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) had been detected. the new isolates were identified as pvm by the following characteristics: rna virus, susceptibility to ether treatment, long filamentous viral structure in the cytoplasm of infected cells, and hemagglutinating activity in various erythrocytes, including those of mice and rats. in addi ... | 1995 | 7601231 |
| protection provided by a commercially available vaccine against different strains of turkey rhinotracheitis virus. | | 1995 | 7604520 |
| sequence and in vitro expression of the phosphoprotein gene of avian pneumovirus. | the phosphoprotein (p) gene of two subgroup a strains of avian pneumovirus comprised 855 nucleotides containing only one substantial open reading frame encoding a protein of 278 amino acids, with a predicted m(r) of 30,323. in vitro translation of p mrna in a wheat germ system resulted in the synthesis of two polypeptides of m(r) 35,000. comparison of the deduced p protein sequence with that of the known mammalian pneumoviruses revealed overall amino acid identities ranging from 31 to 34.5%, sug ... | 1995 | 7653102 |
| development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to avian pneumovirus. | the development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies to avian pneumovirus (apv) in chicken or turkey sera is described. the assay was capable of detecting serological responses as early as 11 days after chickens had been experimentally exposed to apv. the assay was evaluated by testing 4989 chicken or turkey sera from canada (a known apv-negative country) and by testing 1190 chicken or turkey sera assumed positive from evidence of other l ... | 1994 | 7702500 |
| a cold-passaged, attenuated strain of human respiratory syncytial virus contains mutations in the f and l genes. | in previous studies, a mutant (cp-rsv) of the rsv a2 strain derived from 52 serial cold passages in bovine embryonic tissue culture was highly attenuated in seropositive adults and children but caused upper respiratory tract disease in seronegative infants. we investigated the genetic basis for this attenuation phenotype by comparing the complete genomic rna sequence of this virus with the published sequence of strain a2 as well as with that of its unattenuated wild-type parent (hek-7) virus. rn ... | 1995 | 7747420 |
| avian reovirus sigma c protein contains a putative fusion sequence and induces fusion when expressed in mammalian cells. | the biological functions of the structural protein sigma c, from avian reovirus strain ram-1, were investigated in this study. a putative fusion peptide in sigma c was recognized in the deduced amino acid sequence by homology with pneumovirus fusion sequences, and it was thus postulated that this protein may be involved in the formation of syncytia in cells infected with ram-1. the sigma c gene was cloned and expressed in mammalian (cos7) cells and the sigma c protein was found to induce syncyti ... | 1995 | 7747439 |
| a serosurvey using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against poultry pathogens in ostriches (struthio camelus) from zimbabwe. | horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-ostrich igg was raised and used in commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to detect antibodies reactive with 11 poultry pathogens in sera from 149 ostriches from nine farms around zimbabwe. antibodies were detected to turkey rhinotracheitis virus (99%), newcastle disease virus (23%), avian reovirus (19%), infectious bursal disease virus (15%), avian encephalomyelitis virus (15%), mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or m. synoviae (11%), reticuloend ... | 1994 | 7832718 |
| demonstration of a virulent subpopulation in a prototype live attenuated turkey rhinotracheitis vaccine. | a prototype live attenuated turkey rhinotracheitis (trt) vaccine, which was known to cause occasional disease in young poults following multiple back passage, was tested for the presence of a virulent subpopulation by a novel combined in vitro and in vivo screening technique. when vaccine was inoculated at high titres into chick embryo tracheal organ cultures, 17% of aliquots were found to cause ciliostasis, and when these aliquots, in turn, were inoculated into 1-day-old poults, approximately o ... | 1994 | 7839729 |
| nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the putative attachment glycoprotein (g) of mouse and tissue culture-passaged strains of pneumonia virus of mice. | the sequences of the genes encoding the putative attachment (g) proteins of pathogenic (strain j3666) mouse lung-passaged and nonpathogenic (strain 15) tissue culture-passaged strains of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) have been determined. in both cases the major polypeptide was synthesised from the second open reading frame (orf), a feature also found in the g gene of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, another pneumovirus. however, the orfs of the g genes of the two pvm strains were initiated at ... | 1995 | 7871733 |
| extensive sequence variation in the attachment (g) protein gene of avian pneumovirus: evidence for two distinct subgroups. | the putative attachment protein of the avian pneumovirus that causes turkey rhinotracheitis is, by analogy with mammalian pneumoviruses, expected to be the major antigenic determinant. we report the nucleotide sequence of the attachment (g) protein genes of five different continental european isolates and compare them with the previously published sequence of the g gene for the focal variant of a u.k. isolate. the nucleotide sequences and the predicted amino acid sequences indicate that there ar ... | 1994 | 7964599 |
| isolation of an avian pneumovirus from broiler chickens. | | 1994 | 8017018 |
| sequence of the phosphoprotein gene of pneumonia virus of mice: expression of multiple proteins from two overlapping reading frames. | the gene encoding the phosphoprotein of the pneumovirus pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) has been cloned and sequenced. the gene is 903 nucleotides in length and contains a long open reading frame (orf) capable of encoding a polypeptide of 295 amino acid residues. a smaller, second, overlapping orf encoding a polypeptide 137 amino acids in length was also present. the large orf directed the synthesis of a 39-kda polypeptide and four additional polypeptides with masses of 37 kda, 26 kda, 23 kda, and ... | 1994 | 8035533 |
| transmission of murine viruses and mycoplasma in laboratory mouse colonies with respect to housing conditions. | pathogen-free sentinel mice were placed in 7 animal rooms with different housing conditions and were serologically screened for antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), sendai virus, reovirus 3, theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus (tmev), ectromelia virus and mycoplasma pulmonis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, at intervals after introduction. the most commonly detected antibody was against mhv, which was found in mice from 4 rooms, followed by pvm anti ... | 1994 | 8035561 |
| protection against turkey rhinotracheitis pneumovirus (trtv) induced by a fowlpox virus recombinant expressing the trtv fusion glycoprotein (f). | a recombinant fowlpox virus was produced which expressed the fusion protein (f) of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv), a pneumovirus. turkey poults were vaccinated twice, at an interval of 2 weeks, intramuscularly and by wing web on each occasion, with the recombinant or a control fowlpox virus. two weeks after the second vaccination the poults were challenged superconjunctivally and intranasally with virulent trtv. a partially protective immune response was achieved; turkeys vaccinated with th ... | 1994 | 8036832 |
| isolation of an avian pneumovirus-like agent from broiler breeder chickens in south africa. | | 1994 | 8085314 |
| exacerbation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunodeficient (scid) mice by concurrent infection with a pneumovirus. | scid mice naturally infected with pneumocystis carinii and inoculated with a normally apathogenic pneumovirus had significantly higher p. carinii cyst counts and developed significantly more severe p. carinii-related disease than did sham-inoculated, p. carinii-infected scid mice. p. carinii-free, virus-infected scid mice survived for 2 months despite high pulmonary virus titers. these results show that a respiratory virus infection can exacerbate p. carinii disease in an immunocompromised-roden ... | 1993 | 8454368 |
| absence of antibodies to avian pneumovirus in canadian poultry. | | 1993 | 8456552 |
| evaluation of different turkey rhinotracheitis viruses used as antigens for serological testing following live vaccination and challenge. | two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) developed in the authors' laboratory for turkey rhinotracheitis serological testing, a commercial elisa kit, and two virus-neutralization (vn) assays were compared with respect to the efficiency of these assays for serological monitoring in specific-pathogen-free (spf) turkeys inoculated with four pathogenic isolates of turkey rhinotracheitis virus, with or without previous live vaccination. both the live vaccine and the different isolates of virus ... | 1995 | 8553711 |
| turkey rhinotracheitis virus isolated from broiler chicken with swollen head syndrome in japan. | turkey rhinotracheitis (trt) virus was first isolated from a commercial broiler chicken with swollen head syndrome (shs) in japan. at the same time, newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian reovirus (arv), escherichia coli (e.coli), morganella morganii, and proteus mirabilis were also isolated from the same broiler chicken. the presence of antibodies to trt virus was confirmed in the sera of 34-day-old chickens of the flock with shs, however the antibodies to trt v ... | 1995 | 8593307 |
| a sequential histopathologic and immunocytochemical study of chickens, turkey poults, and broiler breeders experimentally infected with turkey rhinotracheitis virus. | the histopathologic changes and the distribution of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) antigen in the respiratory and reproductive tracts of experimentally infected chickens, turkey poults, and broiler breeders is described. trtv antigen was detected using both immunofluorescent staining of cryostat sections and immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed tissues. viral antigen was observed associated with the cilia of the epithelial cells of turbinates, trachea, and lung. no trtv antigen and n ... | 1995 | 8719225 |
| sequence of the nucleocapsid protein gene of subgroup a and b avian pneumoviruses. | the nucleocapsid protein (n) gene of two subgroup a and one subgroup b strains of avian pneumovirus has been cloned and sequenced. the gene of all three isolates comprised 1197 nucleotides (nt), which formed a single major open reading frame, potentially encoding a protein of 391 amino acid residues. the n gene of the two subgroup a isolates differed by only 1 nt but differed by 282 (24%) nt and 35 (11%) amino acids from the b isolate. the predicted protein was identical in length to that of hum ... | 1996 | 8738178 |
| detection of turkey rhinotracheitis virus from chickens with swollen head syndrome by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | we developed a sensitive and specific method, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method, for detection of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv). two sets of primers were designed from f protein gene sequence of trtv 3b strain. sensitivity of detection by nested pcr with the primers corresponded to 0.4 tcid50. applying this method to a field case of swollen head syndrome (shs), trtv could be detected directly from chicken trachea and turbinates. it was identified that this met ... | 1996 | 8741270 |
| demonstration of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus antigen by immunoperoxidase method in tissues of aborted bovine fetuses preserved for 25 years in paraffin blocks. | infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus antigen was demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase method in tissues of two aborted bovine fetuses, which had been stored for 25 years after fixing in formalin and embedding in paraffin. necrotic foci were detected in the liver, kidney, adrenal gland, and thymus of the fetuses. coincidenting with the distribution of the necrotic foci, ibr virus antigen was demonstrated by immunostaining. the present study proved the immunoperoxidase method in one of us ... | 1996 | 8741609 |
| inhibition of cell fusion by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to f1 protein of turkey rhinotracheitis virus. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with neutralizing activities directed to the fusion (f) 1 glycoprotein of the 8597/cv94 strain of turkey rhinotracheitis (trt) virus inhibited cell fusion by trt virus in vitro. in contrast, f1-specific mabs with no neutralizing activity did not inhibit the cell fusion participating in syncytium formation. these findings indicate that the neutralization epitope is the same as or overlaps the fusion active site. | 1996 | 8811632 |
| characterisation of the interaction between the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein of pneumonia virus of mice. | a protein blotting technique was used to study the interaction occurring between the pneumonia virus of mice n protein and other pvm encoded proteins expressed in infected cells. measurement of the degree of binding indicated that the n protein specifically interacted only with the full-length 39 kda p protein in infected cells. truncated n-related proteins were synthesised in vitro and incubated with filter-bound full-length and truncated p proteins. the data suggested that many regions of the ... | 1995 | 8837886 |
| a serological survey of turkey rhinotracheitis virus infection in chickens in japan. | a total of 4,111 chicken sera collected from 1985 to 1995 at 137 farms in 36 prefectures were subjected to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to test for antibodies against turkey rhinotracheitis (trt) virus. the antibodies to trt virus were detected in the chicken sera collected from 1988 to 1995, but the antibodies to trt virus were undetectable in the sera of chickens collected before 1987. the antibody positive rates each year ranged from 2.2% (1988) to 54.2% (1995). recently, the ... | 1996 | 8844610 |
| use of a related elisa antigen for efficient trt serological testing following live vaccination. | | 1996 | 8857581 |
| nucleotide sequence of the matrix protein gene of a subgroup b avian pneumovirus. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the matrix protein of a subgroup b avian pneumovirus has been determined. the gene shows 73.5% homology with that of a subgroup a virus, with most differences occurring in the third codon position. comparison with pneumovirus matrix proteins shows that the apv matrix protein retains the hydrophobic domain common to the others. the analysis indicates that the matrix protein gene can be used to differentiate the two apv subgroups. | 1996 | 8879134 |
| demonstration of serum-neutralising antibody to turkey rhinotracheitis virus in serum from chicken flocks in japan. | since between 1989 and 1991, broiler, broiler breeder and layer chickens reared in three different prefectures of japan, hyogo, ibaraki, and miyazaki, were diagnosed clinically as having swollen head syndrome (shs) these flocks were survey for antibody to turkey rhinotracheitis (trt) virus using a serum neutralisation (sn) test. trt-specific sn antibody was found in flocks of chickens in 2 out of the 3 prefectures. thereafter, particular in the summers of both 1993 and 1994 outbreaks of shs occu ... | 1996 | 8898285 |
| ultrastructural study of turkey rhinotracheitis virus infection in turbinates of experimentally infected chickens. | ultrastructural changes associated with turkey rhinotracheitis virus infection were studied in turbinates of chickens experimentally infected with the isolate cvl 14/86/1. chickens were sacrificed at 3, 5 and 7 days after inoculation and samples of the middle turbinate were taken, fixed, dehydrated and embedded in an hydrophilic resin. an immunofluorescence technique on semithin sections was carried out and viral antigen was observed in the cytoplasm and associated to cilia of the turbinate epit ... | 1996 | 8914249 |
| experimental infection in turkeys and chickens with ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. | ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was found to cause growth retardation in both turkeys and chickens after experimental intra-air sac administration and to cause growth retardation together with airsacculitis and pneumonia after aerosol administration. both turkey and chicken isolates of o. rhinotracheale were able to induce the same kind of respiratory inflammations and weight-gain losses in chickens as well as turkeys. turkey rhinotracheitis virus was found to have a triggering effect on the o. ... | 1996 | 8980818 |
| nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the viral polymerase of avian pneumovirus. | we report here the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of avian pneumovirus (apv). this is the second pneumovirus l gene and the second avian paramyxovirus l gene, following that of newcastle disease virus, to be sequenced. the apv l gene is 6099 nucleotides long and encodes a single large orf of 2004 amino acids. this makes the apv l protein the smallest to be described for any nonsegmented, negative-strand rna virus. the protein contains six linear non-contiguous domains, a putative atp-binding ... | 1996 | 9000096 |
| experimental pneumonia virus of mice infection of guineapigs spontaneously infected with bordetella bronchiseptica. | guineapigs that were intranasally inoculated with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) seroconverted to pvm by 11 days post-infection. during the course of study (2-60 days post-infection) no gross or histologic lesions were identified within the lungs that could be attributed to pvm infection. mild rhinitis and tracheitis were found in most animals and acute purulent bronchopneumonia in two animals, which may have resulted from spontaneous subclinical bordetella bronchiseptica infection. viral and bac ... | 1997 | 9121108 |
| nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the matrix and small hydrophobic proteins of pneumonia virus of mice. | the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the matrix (m) protein and the small hydrophobic (sh) protein of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) are described. the matrix protein gene contains a large open reading frame encoding polypeptide of 257 residues which shows considerable (38.6-42.1%) amino acid identity with the matrix proteins of other pneumoviruses. the matrix gene also contains a second, smaller, open reading frame (orf) as seen with the equivalent genes of other pneumoviruses. the pvm ... | 1997 | 9140191 |
| turkey rhinotracheitis virus and escherichia coli experimental infection in chickens: histopathological, immunocytochemical and microbiological study. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the response of chickens to a combined infection with turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) and escherichia coli o78:k80. groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated by eyedrop and intranasal routes with trtv and/or e. coli o78:k80. presence of e. coli o78:k80, histopathological changes and tissue distribution of viral antigen in the respiratory tract of chickens were evaluated. dual infection resulted in increased severity of clinical signs, and ... | 1997 | 9231979 |
| towards the routine application of nucleic acid technology for avian disease diagnosis. | the use of nucleic acid technology (polymerase chain reaction, probing, restriction fragment analysis and nucleotide sequencing) in the study of avian diseases has largely been confined to fundamental analysis and retrospective studies. more recently these approaches have been applied to diagnosis and what one might call real-time epidemiological studies on chickens and turkeys. at the heart of these approaches is the identification and characterisation of pathogens based on their genetic materi ... | 1997 | 9276989 |
| antigenic differentiation of turkey rhinotracheitis virus strains using monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against the 8597/cv94 strain of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv). these mabs were used to investigate antigenic relationships among three strains (8597/cv94, 1162/92 and cvl14/1 strain) of trtv, together with polyclonal chicken and rabbit antisera to 8597/cv94 strain, and guinea pig antisera to each of the three strains. thirty mabs to the glycoprotein (g:3 clones), fusion (f1:6 clones), phosphorylated (p:6 clones), nucleocapsid (n:12 clones), and ma ... | 1997 | 9342704 |
| rescue of synthetic minireplicons establishes the absence of the ns1 and ns2 genes from avian pneumovirus. | we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the regions 3' and 5' proximal to the avian pneumovirus (apv) n and l genes, respectively. these sequences were used in the construction of a synthetic minireplicon construct in which the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene was flanked at its 3' end with the apv leader together with the apv n gene start signal and at its 5' end with the apv l gene end signal and the genome trailer region. the ability of t7 rna polymerase runoff tra ... | 1997 | 9371659 |
| failure of maternal antibodies to protect young turkey poults against challenge with turkey rhinotracheitis virus. | groups of turkey poults with high levels of maternal antibodies (ma+) to turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) were challenged with virulent trtv at 1, 5, and 10 days of age. a maternal antibody-free group (ma-) was also challenged at 1 day of age. before each challenge, levels of maternal antibodies to trtv were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. clinical signs were scored for each group. unchallenged poults showed no signs. respiratory signs in poults infected at 10 days of age resem ... | 1997 | 9454934 |
| serological evidence for pneumovirus infections in pigs. | a serological survey was carried out on pig sera from herds in northern ireland to investigate the incidence of reactivity to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antigens. a total of 529 pig sera from 61 herds were tested and 219 (41 per cent) were found to be reactive with brsv-infected cell cultures in an indirect immunofluorescence test. none of the brsv-reactive sera immunostained turkey rhinotracheitis virus-infected cell cultures, indicating specificity for brsv epitopes. the specifi ... | 1998 | 9460216 |
| national surveillance of poultry diseases in lebanon. | from 1992 to mid-1996, a national survey of poultry diseases in lebanon was conducted. this surveillance included meat breeder, layer breeder, commercial layer and chicken broiler flocks. the history, signs, lesions and laboratory tests of poultry were used in the diagnosis of prevalent poultry diseases. culture techniques were used to screen for bacterial diseases; serological techniques and, to a lesser extent, culture techniques were used to diagnose viral diseases; and both serological and c ... | 1997 | 9567302 |
| the ectodomains but not the transmembrane domains of the fusion proteins of subtypes a and b avian pneumovirus are conserved to a similar extent as those of human respiratory syncytial virus. | the fusion glycoprotein (f(b)) gene of five strains of the b subtype of avian pneumovirus (apv; turkey rhinotracheitis virus) has been sequenced. the length of the f(b) protein was 538 amino acids, identical to that of the f protein of subtype a virus, with which it had 74% and 83% overall nucleotide and deduced amino acid identities, respectively. the f(b) and f(a) ectodomains had 90% amino acid identity, very similar to the 91% identity between the ectodomains of the f proteins of subtype a an ... | 1998 | 9634080 |
| viral diseases of the respiratory system. | infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, avian influenza, and pneumovirus are the viruses that more frequently affect the respiratory tract of chickens. because of the tendency to change its antigenic properties, infectious bronchitis is currently the viral disease present in most poultry producing areas of the world. new serotypes and variant strains are reported in several countries. current commercially available vaccines do not always provide protection against ... | 1998 | 9706079 |
| sequence analysis of a functional polymerase (l) gene of bovine respiratory syncytial virus: determination of minimal trans-acting requirements for rna replication. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a functional clone of the large polymerase (l) gene of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strain a51908 was determined by analysis of cloned cdnas obtained from genomic and mrnas. the brsv l gene is 6573 nt in length and the derived polypeptide has 2162 aa. alignment of the sequences of the brsv l gene, and its encoded protein, with sequences of the l gene and protein of human respiratory syncytial virus strain a2 showed 77% identity at the nucleotide l ... | 1998 | 9747733 |
| pathogenesis of pneumovirus infections in mice: detection of pneumonia virus of mice and human respiratory syncytial virus mrna in lungs of infected mice by in situ hybridization. | the pathogenesis of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in balb/c mice were investigated by using in situ hybridization to detect virus mrna in fixed lung sections. following intranasal inoculation with 120 p.f.u. pvm the pattern of hybridization showed that virus mrna was initially detected within 2 days in alveolar cells. as the infection progressed the number of hybridizing alveolar cells increased and signal was also detected in cells lining the termina ... | 1998 | 9780046 |
| effect of vaccine-induced immune activation on the performance of early-weaned pigs. | two groups of 96 pigs were studied to determine the influence of weaning age, nursery site and a challenge to their immune system on their performance. the weaning ages were 11 to 16 days and 16 to 21 days. one nursery was on-site and the second nursery was off-site. immune activation was stimulated by the administration of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr) vaccine to half of the pigs at each site. serum virus neutralisation titres to ibr and total immunoglobulins were monitored in s ... | 1998 | 9795401 |
| intracellular ifn-gamma expression in natural killer cells precedes lung cd8+ t cell recruitment during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | natural killer (nk) cells are recruited locally during the initial phases of virus infection and produce cytokines which may affect the subsequent emergence of specific t cells. in this study, cellular responses to primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and after vaccination with individual viral proteins were investigated in balb/c mice using the new nk cell antibody, dx5. purified dx5+ cells caused lysis of yac-1 cell targets. dx5+ cells did not express cd8, cd45r or mhc class ii ... | 1998 | 9820134 |
| isolation of avian pneumovirus in qt-35 cells. | | 1998 | 9854777 |
| serologic evidence of pneumovirus in chile. | chicken and turkey serum samples were obtained and tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to establish the presence or absence of antibodies to avian pneumovirus in the commercial poultry population of chile. a total of 600 serum samples representing 15 different poultry farms of the central region of chile were considered. these samples were obtained from 52 different flocks and included 220 turkey and 380 chicken sera. the results showed three flocks of market turkeys belonging to the ... | 1998 | 9876855 |
| matrix protein gene nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence demonstrate that the first us avian pneumovirus isolate is distinct from european strains. | avian pneumovirus (apv) is the etiological agent of turkey rhinotracheitis (trt). outbreaks of trt first occurred in the us during may, 1996 and continued through june, 1997. this is the first report of these virus types in the us that was previously considered exotic to the us and canada. the us isolate, apv/co, was replicated in chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) and poly-a rna from apv/co infected cef cells was purified for cdna synthesis. degenerate oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify n ... | 1998 | 9879761 |
| infections and reinfections with avian pneumovirus subtype a and b on belgian turkey farms and relation to respiratory problems. | a longitudinal study was performed on six turkey farms in order to determine whether infections with avian pneumovirus (apv) occur and if they are related to outbreaks of respiratory problems in belgium. blood was taken at 1-3 week intervals of 20 identified animals during the fattening period. on five farms, the turkeys seroconverted against apv shortly after the appearance of respiratory problems. on two farms, where the animals had not been vaccinated against apv, attempts were made to isolat ... | 1998 | 9916553 |
| investigation into avian pneumovirus persistence in poults and chicks using cyclosporin a immunosuppression. | one-day-old poults or two-week old chicks were infected oculonasally with avian pneumovirus. cloacal swabs were collected for virus isolation as were selected tissues (harderian gland, turbinates, trachea, lungs and kidneys) from birds killed at regular intervals up to 33 days post infection (p.i.) for poults, and up to 40 days p. i. for chicks. in an attempt to induce virus re-excretion, the t-cell-suppressor cyclosporin a (csa) was given for 12 days starting from three weeks p.i. in poults and ... | 1999 | 10208895 |
| molecular characterization of brazilian avian pneumovirus isolates: comparison between immunochemiluminescent southern blot and nested pcr. | avian pneumovirus (apv) causes acute respiratory tract infection both in turkeys (turkey rhinotracheitis) and chickens (swollen head syndrome (shs)) with sudden onset and rapid spread through the flocks. in this study, an immunochemiluminescent southern blot rt-pcr assay was employed to detect a f gene transcript of the apv in two european turkey isolates and two brazilian chicken isolates. limiting dilution pcr was carried out to compare the sensitivity of immunochemiluminescent southern blot a ... | 1999 | 10381093 |
| comparison of f-, g- and n-based rt-pcr protocols with conventional virological procedures for the detection and typing of turkey rhinotracheitis virus. | fifty-six reverse transcriptions followed by a polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) were developed and/or assessed to detect and to type turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv). twenty-seven primers corresponding to sequences either common to both a and b viruses, or type-specific were respectively defined in the fusion (f), attachment (g) and nucleocapsid (n) proteins genes. only one n-based rt-pcr detected 21/21 trtvs isolated in four countries since 1985. molecular typing (rt-pcr) and antigenic typ ... | 1999 | 10446646 |
| detection and characterization of proteins encoded by the second orf of the m2 gene of pneumoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the m2 gene of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) was determined. the sequence showed that the gene encoded a protein of 176 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 20165 da from a major orf, which is smaller than the equivalent proteins encoded by human, bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial (rs) viruses. the pvm m2 protein is conserved, having 41% similarity to the equivalent human rs virus protein. in common with the m2 genes of the rs viruses and avian pneumovir ... | 1999 | 10466798 |
| detection of antibodies to avian pneumovirus by a micro-indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. | a micro-indirect immunofluorescent antibody (micro-ifa) test with a 96-well, flat-bottomed microplate was developed for measuring avian pneumovirus (apv) antibodies. two japanese apv strains (mm-1, 8597/cv94) isolated at different places and times and vero cells were used for antigen preparation in this test. the test results were compared with those of a serum neutralization (sn) test. by the micro-ifa test, specific immunofluorescent antigens were observed in the cytoplasm of cells infected wi ... | 1999 | 10494406 |
| a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of avian pneumovirus (colorado strain). | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for the detection of avian pneumovirus (colorado strain) (apv-col). the specific primers were designed from the published sequence of the matrix protein gene of apv-col. the primers amplified a product of 631 nucleotides from apv-col. the assay identified only apv-col and did not react with newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus. | 1999 | 10494434 |
| fusion protein predicted amino acid sequence of the first us avian pneumovirus isolate and lack of heterogeneity among other us isolates. | avian pneumovirus (apv) was first isolated from turkeys in the west-central us following emergence of turkey rhinotracheitis (trt) during 1996. subsequently, several apv isolates were obtained from the north-central us. matrix (m) and fusion (f) protein genes of these isolates were examined for sequence heterogeneity and compared with european apv subtypes a and b. among us isolates the m gene shared greater than 98% nucleotide sequence identity with only one nonsynonymous change occurring in a ... | 2000 | 10725547 |
| isolation of avian pneumovirus from an outbreak of respiratory illness in minnesota turkeys. | antibodies to avian pneumovirus (apv) were first detected in minnesota turkeys in 1997. virus isolation was attempted on 32 samples (28 tracheal swabs, 4 pools of trachea and turbinates) that were positive for apv by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the cell cultures used were chicken embryo fibroblast (cef), vero cells, and qt-35 cells. five virus isolates were obtained from these samples, and the identity of the isolates was confirmed by rt-pcr. four isolates were obta ... | 2000 | 10730950 |
| experimental and serologic observations on avian pneumovirus (apv/turkey/colorado/97) infection in turkeys. | an avian pneumovirus (apv) was isolated from commercial turkeys in colorado (apv/colorado) showing clinical signs of a respiratory disease. the results of virus neutralization and indirect fluorescent antibody tests showed that the apv/colorado was partially related to apv subgroup a but was unrelated to apv subgroup b. turkeys experimentally inoculated with the apv/colorado were observed for signs, lesions, seroconversion, and virus shedding. thirty-six 7-wk-old turkeys were distributed into th ... | 2000 | 10737640 |
| avian pneumovirus infection in minnesota turkeys: experimental reproduction of the disease. | avian pneumovirus (apv) is an emerging viral respiratory disease agent of turkeys in minnesota. clinical signs of apv infection include open mouth breathing, ocular and nasal discharge, and swelling of infraorbital sinuses. the virus spreads rapidly among flocks of susceptible turkeys and is associated with increased mortality rates. a flock of 11-wk-old turkeys experienced a respiratory problem characterized by coughing, sneezing, swollen sinuses, and nasal discharge. the reverse transcriptase- ... | 2000 | 10737667 |
| pulmonary eosinophilia and production of mip-1alpha are prominent responses to infection with pneumonia virus of mice. | human eosinophils secrete two distinct ribonucleases that have antiviral activity against pathogens of the family paramyxoviridae. to examine the role of eosinophils and their ribonucleases in host defense against paramyxovirus pathogens in vivo, we have developed a mouse model involving a viral pathogen that naturally targets a rodent host. in this work we describe infection of balb/c mice with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm, strain j3666), a paramyxovirus pathogen found frequently among rodent p ... | 2000 | 10753501 |
| safety and efficacy of a recombinant felv vaccine combined with a live feline rhinotracheitis, calicivirus and panleukopenia vaccine. | | 2000 | 10803986 |
| susceptibility of an avian pneumovirus isolated from minnesota turkeys to physical and chemical agents. | survival characteristics of a minnesota avian pneumovirus (apv) isolated from a turkey nasoturbinate, propagated in tissue culture, and exposed to various physiochemical treatments were determined. these characteristics included survivability under various conditions. specifically, apv was viable at temperatures of -70 c and -20 c for over 26 wk, 4 c for less than 12 wk, 20 c for less than 4 wk, 37 c for 48 hr, and 50 c for less than 6 hr. in addition, apv survived 12 freeze/thaw cycles with no ... | 2000 | 10879914 |
| a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of avian pneumovirus antibodies. | avian pneumovirus (apv) infection of turkeys in minnesota was first confirmed in march 1997. serum samples (n = 5,194) from 539 submissions to minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory were tested by a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). of these, 2,528 (48.7%) samples from 269 submissions were positive and 2,666 (51.3%) samples from 270 submissions were negative for apv antibodies. most positive samples were from kandiyohi, stearns, morrison, and meeker counties in minnesota. i ... | 2000 | 10907873 |
| avian rhinotracheitis. | turkey rhinotracheitis, now commonly termed avian pneumovirus (apv) infection, is associated with serious welfare and economic problems in susceptible populations of turkeys and probably also of chickens. the infection principally affects the upper respiratory tract, although egg-laying performance may also be affected in breeding turkeys. secondary infections exacerbate the effects of the primary virus infection. the virus persists for only a short time both in the host and in the environment a ... | 2000 | 10935282 |
| the chemokine macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha and its receptor ccr1 control pulmonary inflammation and antiviral host defense in paramyxovirus infection. | in this work, we explore the responses of specific gene-deleted mice to infection with the paramyxovirus pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). we have shown previously that infection of wild type mice with pvm results in pulmonary neutrophilia and eosinophilia accompanied by local production of macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha (mip-1 alpha). here we examine the role of mip-1 alpha in the pathogenesis of this disease using mice deficient in mip-1 alpha or its receptor, ccr1. the inflammatory resp ... | 2000 | 10946298 |
| specific detection of avian pneumovirus (apv) us isolates by rt-pcr. | this report details the development of an rt-pcr assay for the specific detection of us isolates of avian pneumovirus (apv). of the several primer pairs tested, two sets of primers derived from the matrix gene of apv were able to specifically detect the viral rna of apv. the nucleotide sequence comparison of the pcr products of apv isolates from minnesota suggested that these viruses were closely related to the colorado strain of apv, but were distinct from subtypes a and b european isolates of ... | 2000 | 10948996 |
| duration of cross-protection between subtypes a and b avian pneumovirus in turkeys. | the degree and duration of clinical and virological cross-protection between avian pneumovirus subtypes a and b were examined in two-week-old pneumovirus antibody-free turkeys. the turkeys were inoculated with either a virulent subtype a (belgian isolate a/t6/96), a virulent subtype b (belgian isolate b/t9/96), an attenuated subtype a or an attenuated subtype b, and challenged homologously and heterologously with virulent avian pneumovirus two, five and 11 weeks after inoculation. birds inoculat ... | 2000 | 10958535 |
| avian pneumovirus infections of turkeys and chickens. | avian pneumoviruses (apvs) cause major disease and welfare problems in many areas of the world. in turkeys the respiratory disease and the effect on egg laying performance are clearly defined. however, in chickens, the role of apv as a primary pathogen is less clear, although it is widely believed to be one of the factors involved in swollen head syndrome. the mechanisms of virus transmission over large distances are not understood, but wild birds have been implicated. apv has recently been repo ... | 2000 | 10985803 |
| [international turkey symposium dedicated to dr. jane cook]. | | 2000 | 10994071 |
| the sensitivity and specificity of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for the avian pneumovirus (colorado strain). | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for the detection of avian pneumovirus (apv), colorado strain (us/co), was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity. the single-tube rt-pcr assay utilized primers developed from the matrix (m) gene sequence of the us/co apv. the rt-pcr amplified the us/co apv but did not amplify other pneumoviruses, including the avian pneumoviruses subgroups a and b. the rt-pcr was capable of detecting between 10(0.25) mean tissue culture infecti ... | 2000 | 11007019 |
| nucleotide sequences of the f, l and g protein genes of two non-a/non-b avian pneumoviruses (apv) reveal a novel apv subgroup. | sequence analysis was performed of all or part of the genes encoding the fusion (f), polymerase (l) and attachment (g) proteins of two french non-a/non-b avian pneumovirus (apv) isolates (fr/85/1 and fr/85/2). the two isolates shared at least 99.7% nt and 99.0% aa sequence identity. comparison with the f genes from subgroup a, subgroup b or colorado apvs revealed nt and aa identities of 70.0-80. 5% and 77.6-97.2%, respectively, with the l gene sharing 76.1% nt and 85.3% aa identity with that of ... | 2000 | 11038385 |
| development of a highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant matrix protein for detection of avian pneumovirus antibodies. | the matrix (m) protein of avian pneumovirus (apv) was evaluated for its antigenicity and reliability in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for diagnosis of apv infection, a newly emergent disease of turkeys in united states. sera from apv-infected turkeys consistently contained antibodies to a 30-kda protein (m protein). an elisa based on recombinant m protein generated in escherichia coli was compared with the routine apv elisa that utilizes inactivated virus as antigen. of 34 experim ... | 2000 | 11060061 |
| avian pneumovirus (apv) rna from wild and sentinel birds in the united states has genetic homology with rna from apv isolates from domestic turkeys. | nasal turbinates or swabs were collected from wild ducks, geese, owls, sparrows, swallows, and starlings and from sentinel ducks placed next to turkey farms experiencing avian pneumovirus (apv) infections and were analyzed for apv genome and infectious particles. apv rna was detected in samples examined from geese, sparrows, and starlings. apv rna and antibodies were also detected in two different groups of sentinel ducks. infectious apv was recovered from sentinel duck samples. the apv m gene i ... | 2000 | 11060113 |
| presence of avian pneumovirus type a in continental europe during the 1980s. | three isolates of avian pneumovirus (apv) were isolated in germany during 1987 and 1988 from turkeys with clinical signs of turkey rhinotracheitis and one was isolated during 1990 from a broiler breeder flock with typical signs of swollen head syndrome. the isolates were typed using type-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions. the three isolates from turkeys were identified as type a, while the isolate from the broiler breeders was type b. during the late 1980s no apv live-vir ... | 2000 | 11075551 |
| [use of antiviral substances in respiratory tract diseases]. | viral infections are an important factor in pathogenesis of symptom aggravation in copd, which is usually accompanied by immunological system insufficiency, i.e. local immunity. respiratory syncytial viruses are of vital importance. the paper presents possibilities of using active antiviral substances: amantadine, remantadine, ribavirine, zanamivir preparation. substances isolated from natural resources have also been mentioned. | 2000 | 11081351 |
| ifn-beta mediates coordinate expression of antigen-processing genes in rsv-infected pulmonary epithelial cells. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) clear respiratory tract infections caused by the pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and also mediate vaccine-induced pulmonary injury. herein we examined the mechanism for rsv-induced mhc class i presentation. like infectious viruses, conditioned medium from rsv-infected cells (rsv-cm) induces naive cells to coordinately express a gene cluster encoding the transporter associated with antigen prese ... | 2001 | 11159003 |
| mip-1alpha is produced but it does not control pulmonary inflammation in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. | the intent of this study was to compare the cellular and biochemical inflammatory responses of mice infected with the paramyxovirus pathogens respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). although rsv is not a natural pathogen of mice, it has been used extensively in mouse models of the human disease, as a limited respiratory infection can be established via intranasal inoculation of virus at high titer. in earlier work, we found that acute infection with the natural roden ... | 2000 | 11161432 |