| infectivity of dna recovered from cells persistently infected with sv5 paramyxovirus. | infectivity of dna isolated from l cells chronically infected with sv5 paramyxovirus was demonstrated by inoculation of continuous rh and hep-2 cells. infectivity of the dna was completely abolished by treatment with deoxyribonuclease or by alkaline hydrolysis but did not change after treatment with ribonuclease and specific anti sv5 serum. the virus obtained as a result of transfection caused haemadsorption in susceptible cells and was neutralized by specific antiserum like the prototype sv5 st ... | 1977 | 22236 |
| myxoviruses. | myxoviruses can be divided into 2 groups, orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. the former comprise the influenza group which is subdivided into types a,b and c. influenza b and c are purely human pathogens but influenza a, which includes a large number of antigenic subtypes, occurs in nature in pigs, horses, birds and man. all influenza a viruses irrespective of origin are chemically, biologically and genetically related. the epidemics which they cause are curious and puzzling and are an import ... | 1975 | 47825 |
| persistent sv5 virus infection in continuous cell cultures. | a continuous line of guinea pig kidney cells (cgpk/h) and a continuous line of mouse fibroblasts (l/h) spontaneously infected with parainfluenza virus sv5 were found. these cultures showed no enhanced cell degeneration or symplast formation, nor was haemagglutinin accumulation or infectious virus demonstrated in them. however, regular reproduction of ribonucleoprotein (rnp) characteristic of parainfluenza viruses, morphologically complete virions and antigens producing antibody to sv5 virus were ... | 1976 | 65119 |
| contamination of primary embryonic bovine kidney cell cultures with parainfluenza type 2 simian virus 5 and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | two different viruses were isolated from bovine embryonic cell cultures after two subcultures from the primary cells. one virus was identified as parainfluenza type 2 simian virus 5 (sv-5), and the other was identified as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. six months later, stock cultures of pig kidney (pk-15) cells were found to be contaminated with sv-5 virus. we believe that the source of the sv-5 virus in the bovine cells was a cross-contamination from monkey kidneys during preparation ... | 1978 | 75889 |
| [persistent infection in murine l cells infected with the parainfluenza virus sv5]. | persistent infection of mouse l cells was achieved by serial passages of undiluted parainfluenza sv5 virus. at the level of the 10--12th passage a stationary noncytocidal type of persistent infection was established. a low level of the infectious virus produced by the persistently infected cells was observed; the number of cells synthesizing the virus-specific antigen detectable by immunofluorescence was high. persistently infected cells were resistant to the infection with the homologous virus ... | 1979 | 88818 |
| sporadic bovine meningo-encephalitis-isolation of a paramyxovirus. | isolation of a viral agent (107) directly from brain explants of a 15-month-old heifer with symptoms of a sporadic encephalomyelitis is described. the virus shares properties with the paramyxovirus family. it grows in a variety of cell cultures from different species, and induces nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in infected cells. nucleocapsids measuring 17 nm in diameter were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells when studied electron microscopically, thus indicating a close ... | 1975 | 167689 |
| sulfated components of enveloped viruses. | the glycoproteins of several enveloped viruses, grown in a variety of cell types, are labeled with 35so4(-2), whereas the nonglycosylated proteins are not. this was shown for the hn and f glycoproteins of sv5 and sendai virus, the e1 and e2 glycoproteins of sindbis virus, and for the major glycoprotein, gp69, as well as for a minor glycoprotein, gp52, of rauscher leukemia virus. the minor glycoprotein of rauscher leukemia virus is more highly sulfated, with a ratio of 35so4- [3h]glucosamine abou ... | 1975 | 170420 |
| [effect of sodium salicylate on the "in vitro" development of rna viruses (author's transl)]. | sodium salicylate 10(-3) m is able to limit the number of plaques induced by rna viruses on monkey kidney cell cultures (cercopithecus aethiops and macaccus rhesus). however, the inhibition rate changes with the virus type or even the strain used. poliovirus 2, coxsackie b3, echovirus and reovirus 1 were the most susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the drug. latent infection caused by sv5 decreases the antiviral activity of salicylate. the stages of the poliovirus type 2 growth affected by s ... | 1975 | 171988 |
| [identification of a hemadsorbing agent discovered in uninfected mouse l cell cultures and also the same cultures chronically infected with sindbis virus]. | electron microscope examinations of continuous lines of mouse l cells, both uninfected (l-init) and chronically infected with sindbis virus (l-sv) revealed accumulations of ribonucleoprotein strands and virions corresponding by their parameters to paramyxoviruses in the cytoplasms of the cells. further studies showed l-init and l-sv cell lines to have a manifest hemadsorption effect which could be completely inhibited by antiserum to parainfluenza sv5 virus. immunofluorescence procedures detecte ... | 1976 | 176821 |
| permeability properties of the membrane of vesicular stomatitis virions. | observations of the light-scattering properties of several enveloped viruses indicate that virions (vesicular stomatitis, sv5 and influenza), in common with other membrane systems, are osmotically active, responding to nacl gradients by swelling in hypo-osmolar solutions and shrinking in hyperosmolar solutions. the permeability barrier responsible for this osmotic response in vesicular stomatitis virions was modified both by protease treatment to remove the viral glycoprotein and by treatment wi ... | 1976 | 177082 |
| isolation of parainfluenza virus sv5 from dogs with respiratory disease. | | 1976 | 179186 |
| replication of murine paramyxoviruses in hamster tracheal organ culture and comparison with standard tissue culture methods. | replication of sendai virus, pneumonia virus of mice, and sv5 was investigated in tracheal organ cultures from 2- to 4-day-old and 2- and 4-week-old hamsters, and viral infectivity in tracheal explants was compared with that in tissue culture monolayers. explants from 2- to 4-day-old hamsters produced higher titers of the three paramyxoviruses, as detected by hemadsorption with guinea pig and murine erythrocytes in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells. tracheal cultures from 2- and 4-week-old hams ... | 1976 | 184110 |
| viral spread in the presence of neutralizing antibody: mechanisms of persistence in foamy virus infection. | several viruses were categorized on the basis of their ability to spread from cell to contiguous cell and form plaques in the presence of antiviral antibody. herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and vaccinia, measles, and foamy viruses were able to spread in the presence of neutralizing antibody, whereas coxsackievirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, mumps virus, and simian virus 5 failed to spread. a detailed study of one of these virus groups (simian foamy viruses) s ... | 1976 | 185150 |
| isolation of the matrix (membrane) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus by gel filtration in guanidine hydrochloride. | the l, n and m proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were resolved from each other by gel filtration in the presence of 6 m-guanidine hydrochloride. amino acid analysis for purified m protein of vsv showed that its chemical composition differed from those of influenza and sv5 m proteins. | 1976 | 187728 |
| polypeptide synthesis in simian virus 5-infected cells. | polypeptide synthesis in three different cell types infected with simian virus 5 has been examined using high-resolution polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, and all of the known viral polypeptides have been identified above the host cell background. the polypeptides were synthesized in infected cells in unequal proportions, which are approximately the same as they are found in virions, suggesting that their relative rates of synthesis are controlled. the nucleocapsid polypeptide (np) was th ... | 1977 | 196101 |
| [transfection by integrated proviruses]. | three lines of continuous mouse l cells were compared: one of them contained only its endogenic oncornavirus, another was contaminated with sv5 virus, and a third was obtained from the second line chronically infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. experiments with transfection showed that it was possible to recover sv5 virus from the two former cultures and vesicular stomatitis virus from the latter. | 1977 | 198958 |
| the canine contagious respiratory disease complex (kennel cough). | several infectious agents are involved in the kennel cough complex in dogs. they include canine parainfluenza virus (sv5), canine adenovirus 2, bordetella bronchiseptica, and possibly several mycoplasma species. the importance of each of these agents in the disease syndrome is discussed as well as possible prevention or treatment. | 1978 | 204455 |
| a study of dogs with kennel cough. | a detailed study of a population of dogs with kennel cough was undertaken. twenty-seven (77 per cent) of a total of 35 dogs had pathological evidence of respiratory disease in the form of tracheobronchitis with, in some animals, exudative pneumonia. a variety of viral and bacterial agents were isolated from the respiratory tract of diseased dogs but bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus sv-5 appeared to be the most significant organisms recovered. | 1978 | 207006 |
| infection with paramyxoviruses stimulates synthesis of cellular polypeptides that are also stimulated in cells transformed by rous sarcoma virus or deprived of glucose. | infection of several types of cultured cells with the paramyxoviruses simian virus 5 and sendai virus stimulates synthesis of four polypeptides (i-iv) with molecular weights of approximately 99,000, 97,000, 86,000, and 78,000, respectively. that these are host polypeptides encoded in cellular mrnas has been shown by the inhibition of their synthesis by actinomycin d and by the similarity of the peptide maps of them and of polypeptides with the same electrophoretic mobility from uninfected cells. ... | 1978 | 216013 |
| study of host antigens in the envelopes of different myxo- and paramyxoviruses cultivated in the embryonated hen egg. | by immunoelectrophoretic analysis it was shown that different viruses--such as myxo- (influenza a0pr8) and paramyxoviruses (sendai, sv5, ndv, mumps)--cultivated in the same host cells (chorioallantoic membranes) incorporate similar host antigens into their envelopes. the amount of host cell antigens incorporated into the virus envelopes differs from one virus to another. the fact that incorporation of host cell antigens occurs only after a virus-induced modification seems to be a general charact ... | 1978 | 219591 |
| studies of respiratory disease in random-source laboratory dogs: viral infections in unconditioned dogs. | a prospective study was conducted to identify the viruses causing respiratory diseases in unconditioned, random-source dogs. during the quarantine period, respiratory disease occurred in 86 of 167 (52%) dogs, and 34 (21%) died. most affected dogs had a distemper-like illness which required extensive and prolonged care. histopathologic studies confirmed the diagnosis of canine distemper in 10 of 12 (83%) fatal infections examined. sixty-seven of 91 (74%) dogs which arrived without canine distempe ... | 1979 | 220463 |
| involvement of microtubules and 10-nm filaments in the movement and positioning of nuclei in syncytia. | previous studies (holmes, k.v., and p.w. choppin. j. exp. med. 124:501-520; j. cell biol. 39:526-543) showed that infection of baby hamster kidney (bhk21-f) cells with the parainfluenza virus sv5 causes extensive cell fusion, that nuclei migrate in the syncytial cytoplasm and align in tightly-packed rows, and that microtubules are involved in nuclear movement and alignment. the role of microtubules, 10-nm filaments, and actin-containing microfilaments in this process has been investigated by imm ... | 1979 | 227913 |
| asymmetric budding of viruses in epithelial monlayers: a model system for study of epithelial polarity. | infection of two different lines of polarized epithelial cells grown as monolayers with several types of enveloped viruses results, for each virus type, in a characteristic asymmetric budding of virions. influenza virus (wsn strain), simian virus 5, and sendai virus bud exclusively from the free (apical) surface of the cells, while vesicular stomatitis virus acquires its envelope only from the basolateral plasma membrane. because different viruses select specific domains of plasma membrane in th ... | 1978 | 283416 |
| relationship between movement and aggregation of centrioles in syncytia and formation of microtubule bundles. | previous reports from this laboratory have provided evidence suggesting that microtubules and 10-nm filaments serve both cytoskeletal and force-generating functions in the intracellular movement and positioning of nuclei in syncytia. it has been found that, during the process of cell fusion and nuclear migration in syncytia induced by the paramyxovirus simian virus 5, centrioles are transported in the cytoplasm and form large aggregates. these aggregates are usually found in regions adjacent to ... | 1979 | 293675 |
| [comparative study of 2 transplantable lines of murine l cells]. | a continuous line of mouse l cells chronically infected with sv5 paramyxovirus differs from mouse l0 cells free from this virus in the mitotic activity and karyologic features. the lsv5 line is characterized by inhibition of the mitotic activity, a decrease in the number of chromosomes and the presence of the marker chromosome. lsv5 and l0 cell cultures do not differ in the number of pathological mitoses, structural aberrations of chromosomes and the cytomorphological picture. the persisting sv5 ... | 1977 | 561481 |
| a biochemical concept of cellular production of paramyxoviruses. | previous analysis in vitro of the interaction between some paramyxoviruses and the chicken embryo has indicated that the cell most productive (mp) of virus is the heart cell whereas the liver cell is least productive (lp). more superior production of virus results from more efficient release of virions, whereas the kinetics of viral attachment and penetration and the production of interferon are similar for both types of cell. since plasma membrane lipids may represent the structural key to enve ... | 1977 | 840508 |
| distribution and substrate specificity of intracellular proteolytic processing enzyme(s) for paramyxovirus fusion glycoproteins. | intracellular proteolytic processing of fusion glycoprotein precursors (f0) of paramyxoviruses, i.e. a virulent strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) and simian virus 5 (sv5), was examined in nalm6 and bsc40 cells and compared with that in llcmk2 cells to investigate the distribution of the virus-activating protease(s) among the cells and its substrate specificity. bsc40 cells lack a processing endoprotease of the neuropeptide precursor, pro-opiomelanocortin ... | 1992 | 1312118 |
| molecular cloning of the np and l genes of simian virus 5: identification of highly conserved domains in paramyxovirus np and l proteins. | we have molecularly cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the 3' and 5' regions of the genomic rna of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5), including the 3' leader sequence, nucleocapsid protein (np) gene, large (l) protein gene, and 5' anti-genomic leader (trailer) sequence. the vrna 3' proximal leader sequence contains 55 nucleotides. the np gene is 1725 nucleotides in length and encodes a negatively charged protein consisting of 509 residues (mw 56,534). a comparison of the amino ... | 1992 | 1320792 |
| sequence analysis of the large (l) protein of simian virus 5. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the large (l) protein gene of simian virus 5 (sv5) was determined from cdna of the genomic rna and mrna, and found to be 6804 bases in length, exclusive of a poly(a) tract. the sequence contained an open reading frame of 6765 nucleotides encoding 2255 amino acids. results of dot matrix comparisons of the l protein of sv5 with those of human parainfluenza type 3 virus and sendai virus indicated that there are five conserved domains, and that each domain contain ... | 1992 | 1321873 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the simian virus 41 gene encoding the large (l) protein and construction of a phylogenetic tree for the l proteins of paramyxoviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the simian virus 41 (sv41) large (l) protein gene was determined. the l gene spanned 6883 nucleotides including a putative trailer rna, and the l mrna contained a single large open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 2269 amino acids. dot-matrix comparisons under stringent conditions identified domains highly conserved among paramyxoviruses. domain 3 is the most highly conserved, and has been hypothesized to be the rna polymerase active site. a phylogeneti ... | 1992 | 1328485 |
| fusion properties of cells infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3: receptor requirements for viral spread and virus-mediated membrane fusion. | cells can be persistently infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) by using a high multiplicity of infection (moi) (> or = 5 pfu per cell). the persistently infected cells exhibit no cytopathic effects and do not fuse with each other, yet they readily fuse with uninfected cells. we have previously shown that the failure of the persistently infected cells to fuse with each other is due to the lack of a receptor on these cells for the viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein, an ... | 1992 | 1328668 |
| construction of solid matrix-antibody-antigen complexes containing simian immunodeficiency virus p27 using tag-specific monoclonal antibody and tag-linked antigen. | we have previously shown that immunization with solid matrix-antigen-antibody (smaa) complexes induces both vigorous humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and have suggested that this method of vaccination may be developed for use in humans, and potentially as a vaccine against aids. here we demonstrate that a small oligopeptide can act as a tag for the construction of smaa complexes using a tag-specific monoclonal antibody and tag-linked antigens. we show that a 14-amino acid oligopeptide, ... | 1992 | 1372038 |
| studies on the fusion peptide of a paramyxovirus fusion glycoprotein: roles of conserved residues in cell fusion. | the role of residues in the conserved hydrophobic n-terminal fusion peptide of the paramyxovirus fusion (f) protein in causing cell-cell fusion was examined. mutations were introduced into the cdna encoding the simian virus 5 (sv5) f protein, the altered f proteins were expressed by using an eukaryotic vector, and their ability to mediate syncytium formation was determined. the mutant f proteins contained both single- and multiple-amino-acid substitutions, and they exhibited a variety of intrace ... | 1992 | 1548771 |
| analysis in vivo of grp78-bip/substrate interactions and their role in induction of the grp78-bip gene. | the endoplasmic reticulum (er)-localized chaperone protein, grp78-bip, is involved in the folding and oligomerization of secreted and membrane proteins, including the simian virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein. to understand this interaction better, we have constructed a series of hn mutants in which specific portions of the extracytoplasmic domain have been deleted. analysis of these mutant polypeptides expressed in cv-1 cells have indicated that grp78-bip binds to selective s ... | 1992 | 1550958 |
| biological activity of paramyxovirus fusion proteins: factors influencing formation of syncytia. | the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) were expressed individually or coexpressed in cv-1 cells by using sv40-based vectors and recombinant vaccinia viruses. the extent of detectable fusion in a syncytium formation assay was found to be affected by the expression system used. in addition, when hn was coexpressed with f, it was found that the expression vector system influenced the contribution of hn in forming syncytia. the abi ... | 1992 | 1602561 |
| molecular evolution of human paramyxoviruses. nucleotide sequence analyses of the human parainfluenza type 1 virus np and m protein genes and construction of phylogenetic trees for all the human paramyxoviruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the np and m genes of human parainfluenza type 1 virus (hpiv-1) were determined. the np gene was 1677 nucleotides long excluding polyadenylic acid. the np gene contained a single large open reading frame (orf), which encoded a polypeptide of 524 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 57,736. the m gene 1173 nucleotides long excluding the poly(a) tract and the sequence also contained a single large orf which encoded a polypeptide of 348 amino acid with a mol ... | 1992 | 1605738 |
| transcripts of simian virus 41 (sv41) matrix gene are exclusively dicistronic with the fusion gene which is also transcribed as a monocistron. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the matrix (m) and fusion (f) genes of simian virus 41 (sv41) were determined. deduced amino acid sequences confirmed the close relationship of sv41 with human parainfluenza type 2 virus (piv2). analyses of noncoding regions between the f and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) genes suggested the absence of the small hydrophobic gene, which is present between the f and the hn genes of simian virus 5 and mumps virus. it was striking that there was no apparen ... | 1991 | 1651608 |
| molecular relationships between human parainfluenza virus type 2, and simian viruses 41 and 5: determination of nucleoprotein gene sequences of simian viruses 41 and 5. | the nucleotide sequences of cdnas of the simian virus 5 (sv5) nucleoprotein (np) gene, and the 3' end of the genome and np gene of sv41 were determined. the open reading frames of the sv5 and sv41 np genes encode polypeptides with mrs of 56,582 and 60,575, respectively, values which are consistent with those estimated by sds-page. the np of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv-2) was more closely related to that of sv41 (amino acid sequence identity 70.5%) than that of sv5 (57.0%); the amino a ... | 1991 | 1654380 |
| identification of an epitope on the p and v proteins of simian virus 5 that distinguishes between two isolates with different biological characteristics. | two canine isolates of simian virus 5 (sv5), termed cpi+ and cpi-, were examined for their ability to react with a bank of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that had been previously raised against a human isolate of sv5. cpi- virus was originally isolated from the brain of a gnotobiotic dog infected with cpi+ virus and establishes persistent infections more readily than cpi+ in vitro. of more than 50 mabs tested, only one (p-k) reacted with cpi+ but not cpi-, enabling distinction between the two cani ... | 1991 | 1713260 |
| the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of the porcine paramyxovirus lpmv: comparison with other paramyxoviruses revealed the closest relationship to simian virus 5 and mumps virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene of the porcine paramyxovirus lpmv, was determined from cdna derived from viral genomic rna. the gene was 1906 nucleotides long including a putative gene end and poly a signal. one long open reading frame was found encoding a protein of 576 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 63,324. the protein contains four potential n-glycosylation sites and a major hydrophobic region near the n-terminal, suggesting a ... | 1992 | 1731697 |
| sequence comparison between the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes of simian, canine and human isolates of simian virus 5. | the nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene was determined for a simian (w3), human (ln) and two canine (cpi+/cpi-) isolates of simian virus 5 (sv5). a comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences revealed that the human and canine isolates varied from the simian isolate by 1.7% and 2.4% respectively. this lack of significant variation between the hn proteins of the four sv5 isolates suggests that insufficient differences have occurred between isolates to confine th ... | 1991 | 1765772 |
| the p gene of bovine parainfluenza virus 3 expresses all three reading frames from a single mrna editing site. | the p gene of bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv3) contains two downstream overlapping orfs, called v and d. by comparison with the mrna editing sites of other paramyxoviruses, two editing sites were predicted for bpiv3; site a to express the d protein, and site b to express the v protein. examination of the bpiv3 mrnas, however, indicates that site b is non-functional whereas site a operates frequently. insertions at site a give rise to both v and d protein mrnas, because a very broad distribut ... | 1991 | 1846805 |
| immunological relationships between parainfluenza virus type 4 and other paramyxoviruses studied by use of monoclonal antibodies. | these results demonstrated that cross-reactions between mumps virus, piv-2, piv-4, and sv5 involve both internal components and surface glycoproteins and that these viruses form a separate group within the paramyxovirus genus. | 1991 | 1848067 |
| simian virus 5 membrane protein maturation: expression in virus-infected cells and from a eukaryotic vector. | properties of the membrane protein (m) of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) isolated from purified sv5 virions, in sv5-infected cells or when expressed from cdna using a eukaryotic vector (sv40-m) were examined. kinetic (pulse-chase radiolabeling) studies showed that m protein expressed in sv5-infected and sv40-m recombinant virus-infected cells underwent maturation, detectable as time-dependent acquisition of reactivity with anti-m protein monoclonal antibodies. kinetic studies using radio ... | 1991 | 1853577 |
| solid matrix-antibody-antigen complexes induce antigen-specific cd8+ cells that clear a persistent paramyxovirus infection. | we have previously shown that the adoptive transfer of splenocytes, isolated from mice immunized by infection with the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5), enhance the speed of clearance of sv5 from the lungs of immunodeficient mice; clearance is mediated primarily through cd8+ effector cells and not by serum neutralizing antibody (d.f. young, r.e. randall, j.a. hoyle, and b.e. souberbielle, j. virol. 64:5403-5411, 1990). in this article we demonstrate that immunization of mice with solid matrix- ... | 1991 | 1898971 |
| inhibitory effect of a new antibiotic, guanine 7-n-oxide, on the replication of several rna viruses. | guanine 7-n-oxide (g-7-ox) was examined for its antiviral activity against 9 viruses based on plaque reduction, neuraminidase activity reduction, a fluorescent antibody technique or elisa. the following viruses were included in the tests: influenza, sendai, simian virus 5 (sv5), respiratory syncytial, western equine encephalitis, japanese encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis, rabies and polio. g-7-ox showed broad anti-rna viral activity against all viruses tested, except for poliovirus. inhibition ... | 1990 | 1964374 |
| clearance of a persistent paramyxovirus infection is mediated by cellular immune responses but not by serum-neutralizing antibody. | infection of the lungs of immunodeficient mice with the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) was prolonged compared with the time course of infection in immunocompetent mice. although there was a significant increase in both viral rna and proteins, little infectious virus was produced. adoptive transfer of immune lymphocytes (isolated from the spleens of mice previously infected with sv5) but not of nonimmune lymphocytes increased the speed of clearance of virus from the lungs of immunodeficient m ... | 1990 | 1976819 |
| flux of the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein through the endoplasmic reticulum activates transcription of the grp78-bip gene. | the cellular glucose-regulated protein grp78-bip is a member of the hsp70 stress family of gene products, and the protein is a resident component of the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is thought to play a role in the folding and oligomerization of secretory and membrane-bound proteins. grp78-bip also binds to malfolded proteins, and this may be one mechanism for preventing their intracellular transport. an induction in synthesis of the grp78-bip protein occurs in cells infected with paramyxovir ... | 1991 | 2041085 |
| sequence determination of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus and the construction of a phylogenetic tree for hn proteins of all the paramyxoviruses that are infectious to humans. | the nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (piv-2) was determined. the piv-2 hn gene was 2112 nucleotides excluding poly(a) tail. there was a single large open reading frame in the mrna which encoded a protein of 571 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 63,262. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that there were fourteen potential glycosylation sites and a major hydrophobic region near the n-terminus, whi ... | 1990 | 2152995 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human parainfluenza type 4a virus hn gene: its irregularities on structure and activities. | we cloned the cdna of human parainfluenza type 4a virus (piv-4a) hn gene by reverse-transcription of virus-specific mrnas and genomic rna, and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the hn gene. the predicted hn protein sequence of piv-4a showed significant relatedness with those of other paramyxoviruses, sv5, ndv, muv, piv-3, bpiv-3, indicating a common ancestor. the homologies between the viruses suggested that piv-4a is more closely related to ndv, sv5, and muv than to the parainfluen ... | 1990 | 2155512 |
| control of virus-induced cell fusion by host cell lipid composition. | virus-induced cell fusion has been examined in a series of stable cell lines which were originally selected for resistance to the fusogenic effects of polyethylene glycol (peg). for a wide variety of viruses, including murine hepatitis virus (a coronavirus), vesicular stomatitis virus (a rhabdovirus), and two paramyxoviruses (sendai virus and sv5), susceptibility to virus-induced fusion was found to be inversely correlated with susceptibility to peg-induced fusion. this phenomenon was observed b ... | 1990 | 2158179 |
| sequence analysis of the hn gene of parainfluenza virus type 2. | a cdna library was constructed in lambda gt10 using mrna purified from cells infected with parainfluenza virus type 2 (piv2). virus-specific clones were identified by screening the library with 32p-labelled cdna probes made from randomly primed vrna. clones containing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene were identified by sequence comparisons with known parainfluenza virus hn gene sequences. the largest hn clone isolated had a nucleic acid sequence of 2065 bp with a single long open readi ... | 1990 | 2161050 |
| sequence analysis of p gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus: p and cysteine-rich proteins are translated by two mrnas that differ by two nontemplated g residues. | we cloned and sequenced the cdnas against genomic rna and mrna for phosphoprotein (p) of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (piv-2). cdna clone from genomic rna was 1439 nucleotides in length excluding poly(a) and was found to have two small open reading frames encoding proteins of 233 and 249 amino acids. two different mrna cdna clones were obtained; that is, one mrna contained a smaller reading frame coding 225 amino acids, v protein, and the other mrna contained a larger reading frame coding 39 ... | 1990 | 2162103 |
| two nontemplated nucleotide additions are required to generate the p mrna of parainfluenza virus type 2 since the rna genome encodes protein v. | the nucleotide sequence of the "p/v gene" of parainfluenza virus type 2 is presented. to determine the nature of any nontemplated additions of nucleotides that may arise during the synthesis of mrna from this gene the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify specific sequences of both genomic rna and mrna. these results demonstrated that the v protein is encoded by the genome while insertion of two nontemplated g residues are required to synthesize p mrna. the predicted p protein has 44% id ... | 1990 | 2162111 |
| sequence of the fusion protein gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus and its 3' intergenic region: lack of small hydrophobic (sh) gene. | cdna clones representing the fusion (f) gene of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (piv-2) were isolated from cdna libraries constructed from virus-specific mrna and genomic rna, and the complete nucleotide sequence of the f gene was determined. the f gene is 1854 nucleotides long and encodes one long open reading frame of 551 amino acids. the cleavage site for activation of the precursor fo protein is thr-arg-gln-lys-arg. the f gene of piv-2 is most closely related to those of simian virus 5 (sv5 ... | 1990 | 2167555 |
| sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein (p) genes of human parainfluenza type 4a and 4b viruses and rna editing at transcript of the p genes: the number of g residues added is imprecise. | we cloned and sequenced the cdnas against genomic rnas and mrnas for phosphoproteins (ps) of human parainfluenza virus types 4a (piv-4a) and 4b (piv-4b). the piv-4a and -4b p genes were 1535 nucleotides including poly(a) tract and were found to have two small open reading frames, neither of which was apparently large enough to encode the p protein. a cluster of g residues was found in genomic rna and the number of g residues was 6 in both piv-4a and -4b. however, the number of g residues at the ... | 1990 | 2167560 |
| antigenic and structural properties of a paramyxovirus simian virus 41 (sv41) reveal a close relationship with human parainfluenza type 2 virus. | seven structural component proteins of a paramyxovirus simian virus 41 (sv41) were identified with the aid of monoclonal antibodies prepared against sv41 and human parainfluenza type 2 virus (piv2). the nucleoprotein is antigenically very close to that of piv2, while it is comparatively far from that of simian virus 5 (sv5). the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein showed no immunological relationship to either of the hn proteins of piv2 or sv5. the amino acid sequence of the sv41 hn protein ... | 1990 | 2173260 |
| different roles of individual n-linked oligosaccharide chains in folding, assembly, and transport of the simian virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. | the role of n-linked glycosylation in protein maturation and transport has been studied by using the simian virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein, a model class ii integral membrane glycoprotein. the sites of n-linked glycosylation on hn were identified by eliminating each of the potential sites for n-linked glycosylation by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis on a cdna clone. expression of the mutant hn proteins in eucaryotic cells indicated that four sites are used in the hn glycop ... | 1990 | 2183015 |
| immunological relationships of simian virus 41 (sv41) to other paramyxoviruses and serological evidence of sv41 infection in human populations. | antigenic relationships of simian virus 41 (sv41) to other paramyxoviruses were examined by immunoprecipitation of isotope-labelled sv41-infected cell lysates with specific antisera. sv41 is closely related to the group comprising human parainfluenza virus 2 (hpiv-2), simian virus 5 (sv5), parainfluenza virus 4 and mumps virus. slight cross-neutralization was detected between sv41, hpiv-2 and sv5. anti-sv41 activities were detected in 21 of 1116 human serum specimens, indicating that a proportio ... | 1990 | 2212992 |
| nci-h292 as an alternative cell line for the isolation and propagation of the human paramyxoviruses. | primary rhesus monkey kidney (mk) cells have long been the cells of choice for isolation and propagation of the human paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, and mumps). however, problems with the supply and cost of mk cells and the presence of endogenous viruses, including herpes b virus and sv-5, necessitated a search for an alternative cell line. continuous cell cultures of human origin (l132, a-549, hut-292, hek, g-293, g-401, a-498, a-704, caki-1, rd) and simian origin (llc-mk2, bsc ... | 1990 | 2260924 |
| seromonitoring in small laboratory animal colonies. a five year survey: 1984-1988. | from 1984 to 1988 one thousand serologic investigations of laboratory animal colonies originating from 10 different european countries were performed. the most prevalent infections in mouse stocks were caused by mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), minute virus of mice (mvm), theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (temv), reovirus type 3 (reo3), sendaivirus, and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). in mice no infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcm), polyomavirus, mouse adenovirus, and k-virus were ... | 1990 | 2321435 |
| sequence characterization of the membrane protein gene of paramyxovirus simian virus 5. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the membrane (m) protein gene of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) was determined from cdna clones of viral mrnas. the m gene boundaries were determined by (i) primer extension sequencing on m mrna; (ii) nuclease s1 analysis; and (iii) primer extension sequencing on viral genomic rna. the m gene mrna consisted of 1371 templated nucleotides. it contains a single large open reading frame that can encode a protein of 377 amino acids with a predicted mr = 42, ... | 1990 | 2330672 |
| a stuttering model for paramyxovirus p mrna editing. | paramyxovirus p genes are transcribed into two mrnas which differ from each other by either one (measles and sendai virus) or two (sv5 and mumps virus) g insertions, and which code for either the p or v proteins. the g insertions always occur within a short run of gs, and a stuttering mechanism for the insertions has been suggested in which the viral polymerase reiteratively copies a template c residue during mrna synthesis. support for this mechanism was obtained by varying the reaction conditi ... | 1990 | 2347313 |
| monoclonal antibodies reveal extensive antigenic differences between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteins of human and bovine parainfluenza 3 viruses. | a panel of twenty monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein of human parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus has been obtained and tentatively classified into four different groups based on reactivity in hemagglutination inhibition (hi), neuraminidase inhibition (ni), and plaque neutralization (nt) tests. the antibodies were tested for cross-reactivity with bovine pi3 virus, sendai virus, and simian virus 5 (sv5). only two of these antibodies showed similar reactivities with ... | 1986 | 2417412 |
| isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to simian virus 5 and their use in revealing antigenic differences between human, canine and simian isolates. | hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to simian virus 5 (sv5) were obtained following immunization of mice with purified preparations of a human isolate (ln) of sv5. immune precipitation studies showed that these monoclonal antibodies had specificities for the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn), fusion (f), nucleo-, matrix and phospho- (p) proteins of sv5. by use of a radioimmune competition assay the monoclonal antibodies to the hn protein were assigned to four groups, members of which reco ... | 1987 | 2445904 |
| parainfluenza virus type 2 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein characterized with monoclonal antibodies. | thirteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against human parainfluenza virus type 2 (piv2). these mabs reacted with the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein with an mr of 84k. the mabs defined one antigenic site which could be divided into five epitopes. a correlation between haemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neutralization activity could be seen although one mab, which recognized a distinct epitope, showed neutralization and no hi activity to piv2. the reactivity of the mabs w ... | 1988 | 2451708 |
| isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human parainfluenza virus type 4 and their use in revealing antigenic relation between subtypes 4a and 4b. | eighty monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against parainfluenza virus type 4(piv-4) were isolated and characterized. of 50 mabs against piv-4a, 14 reacted with the nucleocapsid (np) protein, 11 with the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein, 6 with the fusion (f) glycoprotein, and 19 with the matrix (m) protein. with the aid of the piv-4a and piv-2 specific mabs showing cross-reactivity with piv-4b, the structural proteins of piv-4b were identified. gp72, p65, gp65, gp55, p53, and p40 of piv-4 ... | 1989 | 2472703 |
| lack of cross-reaction between myelin basic proteins and putative demyelinating virus envelope proteins. | no cross-reaction could be detected between purified myelin basic proteins (mbp) from mouse, rat or human origins and envelope proteins of viruses suspected of inducing demyelinating processes. in the experimental model using theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, competition radioimmunoassay failed to detect any cross-reaction between mbp and vp1, vp2 and vp3 envelope antigens. in the human situation, antibodies against sv5 and measles viruses, both etiologically linked with multiple scleros ... | 1989 | 2476671 |
| different palmitoylation of paramyxovirus glycoproteins. | different paramyxoviruses were analyzed for the covalent attachment of fatty acids into their structural proteins. the fusion protein (f) of newcastle diseases virus and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) of simian virus 5 are fatty acylated, whereas the glycoproteins of sendai virus are fatty acid free. the fatty acid linkage is labile to treatment with hydroxylamine. sds-page in the presence of mercaptoethanol releases some of the covalently bound acyl chains. | 1989 | 2535902 |
| antibodies to simian virus 5 in patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. | antibodies to the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 were measured in cerebrospinal fluid samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. six of the 13 clinically definite ms patients had elevated levels of antibodies compared with other neurological disease and orthopaedic controls. none of the samples from ms patients classed as probable or possible had increased amounts of sv5 antibodies. simian virus 5 antibodies and measles antibodies showed a weak correlation and it is suggested that the ele ... | 1989 | 2538574 |
| paramyxovirus sv5 and multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis is commonly associated with a local humoral immune response within the central nervous system. a hallmark of this intrathecal response is the presence of electrophoretically demonstrable oligoclonal bands of igg in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of up to 95% of patients. observations indicating that a major part of the csf igg in some patients may represent antibodies to sv5, a simian virus closely related to human parainfluenza type 2 virus, were recently reported by goswami e ... | 1989 | 2541340 |
| virus-specific polypeptides of human parainfluenza virus type 4 and their synthesis in infected cells. | we have studied the structural components of human parainfluenza virus type 4a (piv-4a) and identified some virus-specific polypeptides by immunoprecipitation with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies followed by one- or two-dimensional sds-page. hn polypeptides existed as monomer, disulfide-linked dimer, and disulfide-linked larger oligomer in cells infected with piv-4a. interestingly, the nonreduced np, the nonreduced fusion, and the reduced f1 proteins migrated as doublets. two f1 polypeptide ... | 1989 | 2545032 |
| extensive antigenic diversity among human parainfluenza type 2 virus isolates and immunological relationships among paramyxoviruses revealed by monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of 128 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn), fusion (f), matrix (m), and polymerase (p) proteins, and nucleoprotein (np) of the toshiba strain of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (piv2) was prepared to examine the antigenic relationships among clinical isolates of piv2 and among paramyxoviruses by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. the hn proteins of 18 clinical isolates of piv2 showed extensive antigenic diversity: 23 of 33 anti-hn mab ... | 1989 | 2545038 |
| intracellular maturation and transport of the sv5 type ii glycoprotein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase: specific and transient association with grp78-bip in the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive internalization from the cell surface. | the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein of the paramyxovirus sv5 is a type ii integral membrane protein that is expressed at the infected cell surface. the intracellular assembly and transport of hn in cv1 cells was examined using conformation-specific hn mabs and sucrose density sedimentation analysis. hn was found to oligomerize with a t1/2 of 25-30 min and these data suggest the oligomer is a tetramer consisting primarily of two noncovalently associated disulfide-linked dimers. as h ... | 1989 | 2557352 |
| analysis of the relationship between cleavability of a paramyxovirus fusion protein and length of the connecting peptide. | the relationship between the length of the connecting peptide in a paramyxovirus f0 protein and cleavage of f0 into the f1 and f2 subunits has been examined by constructing a series of mutant f proteins via site-directed mutagenesis of a cdna clone encoding the simian virus 5 f protein. the mutant f proteins had one to five arginine residues deleted from the connecting peptide. the minimum number of arginine residues required for cleavage-activation of the simian virus 5 f0 protein by host cell ... | 1989 | 2644448 |
| nucleotide sequence of the matrix, fusion and putative sh protein genes of mumps virus and their deduced amino acid sequences. | cdna clones representing the m, f and a putative sh gene of the sbl strain of mumps virus have been prepared and their nucleotide sequence determined. the m gene of mumps virus appears to contain 1253 nucleotides and codes for a protein of 375 amino acid residues (mr 41,589). the protein is hydrophobic and the deduced amino acid sequence shows homologies with those of other paramyxoviruses. the f gene of the sbl strain was compared to that of the rw strain [waxham et al. (1987) virology 159, 381 ... | 1989 | 2718625 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) mrna of mumps virus and comparison of paramyxovirus hn proteins. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (hn) mrna of the virulent sbl-1 strain of mumps virus has been determined. the mrna contains 1887 nucleotides excluding the poly(a). the protein encoded by the mrna has 582 amino acids and a membrane anchorage domain near the amino terminus. the calculated molecular mass (64 kda) of the protein is in good agreement with that of the unglycosylated hn protein (63 kda) identified in tunicamycin treated mumps virus infected ... | 1989 | 2718627 |
| the mumps virus fusion protein mrna sequence and homology among the paramyxoviridae proteins. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the fusion protein (f) mrna of the virulent sbl-1 strain of mumps virus has been determined by sequencing cdna clones and mrna and confirmed by partially sequencing the genomic rna. the mrna was 1721 nucleotides long excluding the poly(a) sequence and had one long open reading frame which encoded a protein of 538 amino acids with a calculated mr of 58,791. the predicted amino acid sequence had a proteolytic cleavage/activation site, arg arg his lys arg, cleava ... | 1989 | 2732706 |
| examination of eight cases of multiple sclerosis and 56 neurological and non-neurological controls for genomic sequences of measles virus, canine distemper virus, simian virus 5 and rubella virus. | in situ hybridization studies have been carried out on brain samples from eight cases of multiple sclerosis (ms) and 56 non-neurological and neurological controls, using single-stranded 35s-labelled rna probes prepared against genomic rna sequences of measles virus, canine distemper virus, rubella virus and simian virus 5. foci of hybridization were found using probes against the measles virus nucleocapsid protein (n), phosphoprotein and fusion protein gene sequences in two of the ms cases, and ... | 1989 | 2769228 |
| antibodies against the paramyxovirus sv5 are not specific for cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients. | an aetiological agent for multiple sclerosis has not yet been identified. the paramyxovirus sv5 (simian virus 5) has been suggested as an important cause in some cases. using antigen immunoblotting with sv5 virus, we confirmed the binding to sv5 of immunoglobulin g from the cerebrospinal fluid of 58% of multiple sclerosis patients, but also found binding in 70% of patients with a variety of neurological disorders where oligoclonal banding was present. this suggests that the antibodies present ar ... | 1989 | 2809621 |
| nucleotide sequence of the coding and flanking regions of the human parainfluenza virus 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene: comparison with other paramyxoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene has been determined using cdna clones derived from both hpiv3 genomic rna and mrna. the hn mrna contains 1,882 nucleotides, not including the poly(a) tail. primer extension experiments were carried out to locate the 5' terminal nucleotide of the hn mrna. the 3' end of the mrna was located at a putative polyadenylation signal. the hpiv3 hn mrna has one large open reading frame that codes for 5 ... | 1987 | 2822598 |
| cell surface expression and orientation in membranes of the 44-amino-acid sh protein of simian virus 5. | antiserum was raised against a synthetic peptide containing the n-terminal hydrophilic domain of the small hydrophobic protein (sh) of simian virus 5 (sv5) and used to characterize properties of the sh protein. sh demonstrated properties of an integral membrane protein. indirect immunofluorescence experiments showed that the protein is involved in the exocytotic pathway, and isolation of plasma membranes from sv5-infected cells showed an enrichment of sh, indicating that sh is transported to the ... | 1988 | 2836617 |
| comparison between parainfluenza virus type 2 and simian virus 5: monoclonal antibodies reveal major antigenic differences. | marked differences in the apparent mrs of the hn, np and f proteins of simian virus 5 (sv5) and parainfluenza virus type 2 (pf-2) were revealed by sds-page. to examine the antigenic relationships between sv5, pf-2 and other paramyxoviruses, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to pf-2 were isolated. these antibodies had specificities for the hn, np and p proteins and together with 54 mabs to sv5 were tested for their ability to react with sv5, pf-2, pf-3, mumps and measles virus proteins. most ... | 1988 | 2841416 |
| mrna sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the mumps virus small hydrophobic protein gene. | the mrna of a putative small hydrophobic protein (sh) of mumps virus was identified in mumps virus-infected vero cells, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined by sequencing the genomic rna and cdna clones and partial sequencing of mrna. the sh mrna is 310 nucleotides long excluding the poly(a) and contains a single open reading frame encoding a protein of 57 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 6,719. the predicted protein is highly hydrophobic and contains a stretch of ... | 1989 | 2915385 |
| paramyxovirus antigens in osteoclasts from paget's bone tissue detected by monoclonal antibodies. | the fluorescent antibody technique using both monoclonal and specific polyclonal virus antibodies was applied to investigate the nature of the inclusions seen in the abnormal osteoclasts associated with paget's bone disease. the results show that antigens of measles virus, simian virus 5 (sv5) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (pf3) could be detected in the osteoclasts but not in control bone cells. measles and sv5 nucleoprotein (np) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) antigens were apparen ... | 1985 | 2995550 |
| [diagnostic problems posed by respiratory infections of dogs]. | the following viruses as well as bacteria and mycoplasma have been isolated from dogs with contagious respiratory disease: canine distemper virus; canine adenoviruses (type 1 and 2); parainfluenza type 2 (sv5); reovirus type 1; canine herpesvirus; bordetella bronchiseptica, streptococcus, pasteurella, staphylococcus and mycoplasma. the occurrence of these agents can be in direct relationship with: the evolution of a systemic disease; respiratory disorders being a regular or inconsistant symptom ... | 1985 | 2998696 |
| human parainfluenza type 3 virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein: nucleotide sequence of mrna and limited amino acid sequence of the purified protein. | the nucleotide sequence of mrna for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of human parainfluenza type 3 virus obtained from the corresponding cdna clone had a single long open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 64,254 daltons consisting of 572 amino acids. the deduced protein sequence was confirmed by limited n-terminal amino acid microsequencing of cnbr cleavage fragments of native hn that was purified by immunoprecipitation. the hn protein is moderately hydrophobic and has fou ... | 1986 | 3003381 |
| determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the sendai virus genome rna and the predicted amino acid sequences of the f, hn and l proteins. | we previously determined the 3' proximal 5,824 nucleotides of the sendai virus genome rna (nucleic acids res. 11, 7317-7330, 1983; nucleic acids res. 12, 7965-7973, 1984), and present here the sequence of the remaining 5' proximal 9,559 nucleotides. thus, this is the first paramyxovirus to have its genome organization elucidated. the set of complementary dna clones used was prepared by the method of okayama and berg from polyadenylylated viral genome rna. we sequenced the region containing the 5 ... | 1986 | 3005975 |
| the predicted primary structure of the measles virus hemagglutinin. | the complete nucleotide sequence of cloned cdnas corresponding to the full length of the mrna encoding the measles virus hemagglutinin (h) protein has been determined. the mrna contains a single large open reading frame which is capable of encoding a protein of 617 amino acids with a molecular mass of 69,250 da. the deduced amino acid structure of the protein indicates that the only major hydrophobic region of sufficient length to anchor the molecule in membranes is located near the amino termin ... | 1986 | 3008420 |
| fusion glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3: nucleotide sequence of the gene, direct identification of the cleavage-activation site, and comparison with other paramyxoviruses. | the complete sequences of the fusion (f) mrna and protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (pf3) were determined from overlapping cdna clones. to confirm the cdna sequence, the complete sequence of the f gene was determined independently by dideoxynucleotide sequencing of genomic rna using synthetic oligonucleotide primers. the mrna contains 1845 nucleotides, exclusive of poly (a), has an unusually long (193-nucleotide) 5' nontranslated region, and encodes an f0 protein of 539 amino acids. th ... | 1986 | 3012869 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of newcastle disease virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene of newcastle disease virus (ndv) has been determined. the hn gene is 2031 nucleotides long, approximately 13.5% of the viral genome. the nucleotide sequence contains a single long open reading frame which would encode a protein of 577 amino acids, with a mol. wt. of 63,149. this is in good agreement with estimates of the molecular weight of the unglycosylated hn protein. analysis of the amino acid sequence reveals six potentia ... | 1986 | 3018130 |
| nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the fusion glycoprotein of newcastle disease virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the fusion (f) glycoprotein of the beaudette c strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) has been determined from cdna clones obtained from virion rna. the gene is 1792 nucleotides long, including mrna start and polyadenylation signals typical of paramyxoviruses. the single open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 553 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 59042. the f polypeptide has three regions of high hydrophobicity: an n-terminal sig ... | 1986 | 3025345 |
| ability of the hydrophobic fusion-related external domain of a paramyxovirus f protein to act as a membrane anchor. | the hydrophobic nh2 terminus of f1 (fred) of the simian virus 5 fusion (f) protein is implicated in mediating cell fusion, but in the inactive f0 precursor the fred is translocated across membranes. hybrid proteins containing the fred as a potential membrane anchorage domain and a mutant of f0 lacking the preceding five-arginine cleavage/activation site were used to study the effect of position on the fred. the experiments indicate that the sv5 f protein has evolved an exquisite control system f ... | 1987 | 3026647 |
| nucleotide sequence of the bovine parainfluenza 3 virus genome: the genes of the f and hn glycoproteins. | by analysing complementary dna clones constructed from genomic rna of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpiv3), we determined the nucleotide sequence of the region containing the entire f and hn genes. their deduced amino acid sequences showed about 80% homologies with those of human parainfluenza 3 virus (hpiv3), about 45% with those of sendai virus, and about 20% with those of sv5 and newcastle disease virus (ndv), indicating, together with the results described in the preceding paper on the np, p ... | 1987 | 3031615 |
| nucleotide sequence of the coding and flanking regions of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion glycoprotein gene. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) fusion (f) protein gene has been determined. the hpiv3 f gene is 1851 nucleotides long including six u residues in the genomic rna, which probably direct synthesis of the first few nucleotides in the f mrna polyadenylate tail. the hpiv3 f gene contains a single long open reading frame coding for 539 amino acids. the predicted molecular weight of the unglycosylated precursor f0 protein was 60031. four potential carbo ... | 1987 | 3033123 |
| immunization with solid matrix-antibody-antigen complexes containing surface or internal virus structural proteins protects mice from infection with the paramyxovirus, simian virus 5. | a mouse model system has been developed to examine the ability of purified virus proteins to protect mice from infection with the paramyxovirus simian virus 5. the system is based on the infection of mouse lungs by intranasal administration of infectious virus. the relative amounts of virus proteins and nucleic acid present within infected lungs were estimated either by western blot analysis of disrupted lung tissues or by in situ hybridization studies using cryostat sections of infected lungs. ... | 1988 | 3171549 |
| humoral and cytotoxic t cell immune responses to internal and external structural proteins of simian virus 5 induced by immunization with solid matrix-antibody-antigen complexes. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were complexed to solid matrices and used to purify virus proteins from simian virus 5 (sv5)-infected tissue culture cells, ideally in such a way as to bind equimolar amounts of antigen to antibody. the resulting solid matrix-antibody-antigen (smaa) complexes were then used as immunogens and successfully induced specific humoral and cytotoxic t cell responses. by attaching more than one mab to the solid matrix and using such complexes to purify the respective protein ... | 1988 | 3262715 |
| the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene of newcastle disease virus strain italien (ndv italien): comparison with hns of other strains and expression by a vaccinia recombinant. | a cdna library was constructed with poly(a+) mrna from cells infected with the virulent italien ndv strain. a clone that hybridized to the hn gene mrna was sequenced. a long open reading-frame encodes for a protein of 571 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 61,900, including 13 cysteine residues and six potential glycosylation sites. to define the sequence changes that occurred in the avian paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) during the evolution of virulence, we have s ... | 1987 | 3318761 |
| sequence determination of the mumps virus hn gene. | the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (hn) of mumps virus was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and fragmented by the combined action of cnbr and trypsin. the resulting peptides were separated by hplc and sequenced by automated edman degradation. using this hn-specific amino acid sequence data, a degenerate oligonucleotide was produced and subsequently used to screen a mumps virus cdna library to isolate hn-specific clones. the complete nucleotide sequence of the hn gene was determined ... | 1988 | 3369084 |
| on the trail of paramyxoviruses in paget's disease of bone. | the ultrastructural discovery of microcylindric inclusions in the nuclei and cytoplasm of osteoclasts in tissue affected by paget's disease of bone has created a new approach. the morphologic similarity of the inclusions to viral structures has stimulated further studies involving immunocytologic techniques and in situ hybridization. polyclonal antibodies reveal the presence of paramyxovirus antigens and measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus in pagetic osteoclasts. monoclonal and monospe ... | 1987 | 3549098 |