| seroconversion of pigs in contact with dogs exposed to canine coronavirus. | in order to determine if canine coronavirus (ccv) could be transmitted to pigs, two dogs were inoculated orally with virulent ccv. after 24 h, the dogs were moved to an isolation room that contained three three-day-old pigs. a wire mesh fence, allowing close contact between the animals, separated the dogs from the pigs. the dogs and pigs were observed for 14 days for clinical signs of disease. samples of blood were obtained from dogs and pigs immediately before the dogs were inoculated with viru ... | 1992 | 1316800 |
| analysis of a 9.6 kb sequence from the 3' end of canine coronavirus genomic rna. | we have analysed the organization of the 3' end of the genomic rna of canine coronavirus (ccv), a virus which has a close antigenic relationship to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). genomic rna isolated from ccv strain insavc-1-infected a72 cells was used to generate a cdna library. overlapping clones, spanning approximately 9.6 kb [from the 3' end of the polymerase gene, 1b, to the poly(a) tail] wer ... | 1992 | 1431811 |
| differentiation between transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus using a cdna probe. | a plasmid, pg3bs, containing a cdna clone from the 5' coding region of the peplomer glycoprotein gene appears to be specific for enteric transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) strains and for live-attenuated tgev vaccines. this cdna probe is used to differentiate porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) isolates from tgev field and vaccine strains by a slot blot hybridization assay. probe pg3bs also hybridizes to canine coronavirus (ccv) rna but does not hybridize to antigenically related feli ... | 1991 | 1645595 |
| antigenic analysis of feline coronaviruses with monoclonal antibodies (mabs): preparation of mabs which discriminate between fipv strain 79-1146 and fecv strain 79-1683. | we prepared 31 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against either fipv strain 79-1146 or fecv strain 79-1683, and tested them for reactivity with various coronaviruses by indirect fluorescent antibody assay (ifa). sixteen mabs which reacted with all of the 11 strains of feline coronaviruses, also reacted with canine coronavirus (ccv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). in many of them, the polypeptide specificity was the recognition of transmembrane (e1) protein of the virus. we succeeded i ... | 1991 | 1653482 |
| canine coronavirus infection in the dog following oronasal inoculation. | the pathogenesis of canine coronavirus (ccv) infection in 10-week-old puppies was studied up to 14 days after oronasal inoculation. mild diarrhoea was seen from three to 11 days after inoculation, approximately coincident with faecal virus shedding. virus was initially isolated from the tonsils on day 3, and then from both small and large intestinal tissues up to 14 days after inoculation. virus was also isolated from liver and lung. histological changes were not seen in any tissues, but ccv ant ... | 1991 | 1654584 |
| the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems for serology and antigen detection in parvovirus, coronavirus and rotavirus infections in dogs in the netherlands. | complex trapping blocking (ctb) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and indirect elisas for the detection of antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv), canine coronavirus (ccv) and rotavirus in sera of dogs were established. double antibody sandwich elisas for the detection of cpv-, ccv- and rotavirus antigens in fecal samples were also developed. both the serological and antigen-detection elisas were used to screen samples from dogs in the netherlands, with or without a history of acute dia ... | 1991 | 1850889 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of canine coronavirus and its antibody in dogs. | two methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were developed for the diagnosis of canine coronavirus (ccv) infection in dogs. one elisa, in which ccv-infected crfk cell lysate is used as antigen, is for the detection and titration of antibody against ccv, and the other elisa uses the double antibody sandwich method for the detection of ccv antigen. the first elisa procedure demonstrated antibody responses in dogs inoculated with ccv, as did the virus neutralization test; the second el ... | 1991 | 1850890 |
| canine coronavirus infection in cats; a possible role in feline infectious peritonitis. | | 1990 | 1966440 |
| micro-neutralization test with canine coronavirus for detection of coronavirus antibodies in dogs and cats. | | 1987 | 3039227 |
| plaque assay for canine coronavirus in crfk cells. | | 1987 | 3613358 |
| multiplication of canine coronavirus in crfk cells. | | 1986 | 3820910 |
| familial canine dermatomyositis: clinicopathologic, immunologic, and serologic studies. | laboratory studies were performed on 3 collies with familial canine dermatomyositis, 6 progeny from a breeding of 2 of the collies (incross litter), and 4 progeny from the breeding of an affected collie male and a normal labrador retriever (outcross litter). hematologic abnormalities were leukogram changes consistent with inflammation, and, in 2 severely affected incross dogs, anemia of inflammatory disease. serum muscle enzyme activities were not markedly increased. high concentrations of immun ... | 1985 | 3901838 |
| virucidal efficacy of physico-chemical treatments against coronaviruses and parvoviruses of laboratory animals. | virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants, heating and ultraviolet radiation against mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), canine coronavirus (ccv), kilham rat virus (krv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) were examined. coronaviruses (mhv and ccv) were inactivated by ethanol, isopropanol, benzalkonium chloride, iodophor, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, cresol soap and formaldehyde as well as by heating at 60 degrees c for 15 minutes, whereas parvoviruses (krv and cpv) appeared to be inactivated by di ... | 1988 | 3416941 |
| an immunoelectron microscopic and immunofluorescent study on the antigenic relationship between the coronavirus-like agent, cv 777, and several coronaviruses. | a possible antigenic relationship between the porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus-like agent (cvla) and 6 known coronaviruses was examined by immunoelectron microscopy (iem) and by immunofluorescence (if). cvla did not show cross reactivity with infectious bronchitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), canine coronavirus (ccv) hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus (ncdcv) or feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). antigenic relatio ... | 1981 | 6166280 |
| antigenic relationships among homologous structural polypeptides of porcine, feline, and canine coronaviruses. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine (tgev), feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), and canine coronavirus were studied with respect to their serological cross-reactivity in homologous and heterologous virus neutralization, immune precipitation of radiolabeled tgev, electroblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using individual virion polypeptides prepared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. tgev was neutralized by feline anti-fipv serum, and the reaction was potentiated ... | 1982 | 6182101 |
| establishment of a canine cell line: derivation, characterization, and viral spectrum. | a cell line, designated a-72, for virus studies was established from a tumor surgically removed from a female, 8-year-old golden retriever dog. following explant culture, the cells were serially passaged 135 times. the a-72 cells maintained a fibroblastic appearance and, at the 123rd passage, had a population doubling time of approximately 27 hours. karyotypic analysis of the high passage cells showed the modal 2n chromosome number was 92 to 93. using starch gel electrophoresis for enzyme charac ... | 1980 | 6254399 |
| comparative properties of feline coronaviruses in vitro. | two feline coronaviruses were characterized to determine their biological properties in vitro and their antigenic relatedness to a previously recognized feline infectious peritonitis virus and canine coronavirus. the viruses, designated wsu 79-1146 and wsu 79-1683, were shown to have comparable growth curves with the prototype feline infectious peritonitis virus. treatment of the feline infectious peritonitis virus strains with 0.25% trypsin indicated that they were relatively resistant to prote ... | 1987 | 3038290 |
| immune response in sows given transmissible gastroenteritis virus or canine coronavirus. | twelve pregnant sows were inoculated oral-nasally 8 weeks before farrowing with attenuated transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), tissue culture-adapted canine coronavirus (ccv), or fluids from mock-infected culture (controls). a 2nd dose of the same inoculum, one-half oral-nasally and one-half intramammarily, was given 6 weeks later. neutralizing antibodies for tgev and ccv were demonstrated in sera, colostrum, and milk whey from the virus-vaccinated sows. homologous geometric mean neutral ... | 1986 | 3014928 |
| serologic survey of canine coronavirus in wild coyotes in the western united states, 1972-1982. | | 1985 | 3001373 |
| experimental inoculation of cats with human coronavirus 229e and subsequent challenge with feline infectious peritonitis virus. | minimal-disease cats exposed to live human coronavirus 229e developed homologous antibody responses that suggested little or no replication of the virus in inoculated animals. oronasal and subcutaneous inoculation of coronavirus 229e did not elicit an antibody response by heterologous (transmissible gastroenteritis virus, canine coronavirus) neutralization or by heterologous (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. no clinical signs attributable to ... | 1985 | 2994865 |
| viral antibody studies of laboratory dogs with diarrheal disease. | viral antibody studies were done on laboratory dogs in an epizootic of gastrointestinal disease. increased hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers to a parvovirus (pv) antigenically related to feline panleukopenia virus were found in convalescent serum specimens of 78% (20/26) of the affected dogs and in 83% (5/6) of apparently healthy dogs. with one exception, all dogs tested had significant levels of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody to this pv. similar increased antibody titers were fo ... | 1981 | 6275746 |
| isolation and identification of caliciviruses from dogs with enteric infections. | caliciviruses were isolated from 7 dogs and 1 captured coyote with enteritis. there was a high fatality rate in dogs 4 to 16 weeks of age. the occurrence in these dogs of concurrent infection with known enteric pathogens such as salmonella sp, canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, and canine rotavirus did not allow making any conclusions regarding the pathogenicity of this newly recognized calicivirus. the caliciviruses were characterized by electron microscopy and were further identified as be ... | 1985 | 2982299 |
| attempted immunisation of cats against feline infectious peritonitis using canine coronavirus. | specific pathogen free kittens were vaccinated with an unattenuated field isolate of canine coronavirus (ccv) either by aerosol or subcutaneously, and received boosting vaccinations four weeks later. aerosolisation elicited a homologous virus-neutralising (vn) antibody response that increased steadily over a four-week period and levelled off one to two weeks after revaccination. the initial aerosolised dose produced an asymptomatic infection with excretion of ccv from the oropharynx up to eight ... | 1988 | 2850601 |
| immunization against feline coronaviruses. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is caused by one of several strains of feline coronaviruses which are grouped into 2 general types of viruses. infection of cats with fip virus results in production of serum antibodies which may be protective in conjunction with cell mediated immunity, may provided no protection at all, or may produce an immune enhancement to subsequent exposure to another fip virus or a recrudescence of the original infecting virus. attempts at immunization of cats against f ... | 1987 | 2829570 |
| relatedness of rabbit coronavirus to other coronaviruses. | rabbit coronavirus (rbcv) was apparently first encountered in 1961 when scandinavian investigators observed occasional mortality in rabbits used to propagate the nichols strain of treponema pallidum. mortality rates reached 50 percent by 1968 and 75 percent by 1970. contaminated samples of t. pallidum were brought to the johns hopkins university school of medicine, a world health organization center for the study of treponematoses. there it was established that the causative agent was filterable ... | 1987 | 2829566 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using canine coronavirus-infected crfk cells as antigen for detection of anti-coronavirus antibody in cat. | from the reasons that canine coronavirus (ccv) grows more efficiently than feline coronavirus in a cell culture and they are mutually related in their antigenicities, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using ccv-infected feline kidney (crfk) cells as substrate antigens was developed for detection of anti-coronavirus antibodies in cats. it was indispensable for generating coronavirus-specific elisa antibody activities that the sample was applied to the mock-infected, normal crfk cells i ... | 1989 | 2558837 |
| systemic autoimmune disease and concurrent nematode infection in a dog. | systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed in a dog with concurrent nematode infection. the clinical signs of disease were unusually severe and included multiple neurologic deficits, polyarthritis, and weight loss. the dog was thrombocytopenic, and serotest results included positive lupus erythematosus test, positive rheumatoid factor test, positive antinuclear antibody test, hypergammaglobulinemia, and high platelet-associated igg concentration. after treatment of hookworm, whipworm, and heartw ... | 1989 | 2551867 |
| differentiation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus from porcine respiratory coronavirus and other antigenically related coronaviruses by using cdna probes specific for the 5' region of the s glycoprotein gene. | two cdna clones prepared from the virulent miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were identified, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. the clones were nonoverlapping and located in the 5' region of the s glycoprotein gene. their nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were compared with published sequences of the attenuated purdue strain of tgev and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). tgev clone pe21 contained 381 bp of the s glycoprotein gene and h ... | 1991 | 1847152 |
| the molecular genetics of feline coronaviruses: comparative sequence analysis of the orf7a/7b transcription unit of different biotypes. | feline coronaviruses (fcovs) have been subdivided into feline enteric coronaviruses (fecvs) and feline infectious peritonitis viruses (fipvs) on the basis of pathogenic properties. serologically, a distinction has been made between type i and ii fcovs, the latter of which more closely resemble canine coronavirus (ccv). to gain more insight into the genetic relationships between different fcov biotypes, we determined the nucleotide sequences of the orf7a/7b transcription unit of nine strains. the ... | 1995 | 7571432 |
| genomic relationship of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus to bovine coronavirus and human coronavirus oc43 as studied by the use of bovine coronavirus s gene-specific probes. | the genomic relationship of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) to bovine coronavirus (bcv) and human coronavirus (hcv) strain oc43 was examined by dot blot hybridization assays. two bcv s gene-specific probes were generated by polymerase chain reaction from the avirulent l9-strain of bcv. probes were located in the s1 and the s2 region of the peplomeric (s) glycoprotein gene. the s1 probe (726 bp) hybridized with bcv and hcv-oc43, but not with hev under moderate stringency hy ... | 1995 | 7646353 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against feline infectious peritonitis virus type ii and antigenic relationship between feline, porcine, and canine coronaviruses. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with neutralizing activity against feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strain 79-1149 (type ii) were prepared. when the polypeptide specificity recognized by these monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was investigated by western immunoblotting, all of the mabs reacted with peplomer glycoprotein (s) of the virus. by competitive binding assay these mabs were found to recognize at least 3 different epitopes. the reactivity of these mabs with 6 viruses classified as ... | 1991 | 1706593 |
| antigenic homology among coronaviruses related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the antigenic homology of 26 coronavirus isolates, of which 22 were antigenically related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), was determined with 42 monoclonal antibodies. type, group, and interspecies specific epitopes were defined. two group specific mabs distinguished the enteric tgev isolates from the respiratory variants. an antigenic subsite involved in neutralization was conserved in porcine, feline, and canine coronavirus. the classification of the human coronavirus 229e in a ... | 1990 | 1689525 |
| diseases and parasites of red foxes, gray foxes, and coyotes from commercial sources selling to fox-chasing enclosures. | fifty-six red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 18 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus), and 13 coyotes (canis latrans) obtained by the south carolina wildlife and marine resources department during an investigation of suspected illegal wildlife translocation were examined for diseases and parasites. red foxes and coyotes were confiscated from an animal dealer based in ohio (usa), and gray foxes were purchased from an animal dealer in indiana (usa). emphasis was placed on detection of pathogens representi ... | 1992 | 1474656 |
| diseases, parasites and survival of coyotes in south-central georgia. | serologic testing, radio-telemetry and post-mortem diagnostic evaluations were used to investigate survival and causes of mortality among 17 coyotes (canis latrans) in south-central georgia (usa). prevalence of canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) microfilariae was lower (p = 0.057) among fall-captured (22%) than among winter-captured (75%) coyotes. prevalence of heartworm was higher among adults than juveniles in the fall, but no significant difference was detected between animals captured in ... | 1992 | 1474655 |
| further characterization of aminopeptidase-n as a receptor for coronaviruses. | we recently reported that porcine aminopeptidase-n (papn) acts as a receptor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). in the present work, we addressed the question of whether tgev tropism is determined only by the virus-receptor interaction. to this end, different non-permissive cell lines were transfected with the porcine apn cdna and tested for their susceptibility to tgev infection. the four transfected cell lines shown to express papn at their membrane became sensitive to infection. ... | 1993 | 7911642 |
| monoclonal antibody analysis of neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus. | fifty-four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) were characterized according to protein specificity, immunoglobulin subclass, virus neutralization, reactivity with different coronaviruses, and ability to induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) of fipv infection in vitro. the mabs were found to be specific for one of three structural proteins of fipv. a total of 47 mabs were specific for the 205-kda spike protein (s), 3 mabs were specific for the 45-kda n ... | 1992 | 1383568 |
| serologic survey of giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca), and domestic dogs and cats in the wolong reserve, china. | sera from captive and recently rescued giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the wolong reserve, china, were examined by serum neutralization or hemagglutination inhibition for antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine coronavirus (ccv), canine herpesvirus (chv), pseudorabies virus (prv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav), and canine parvovirus (cpv). serum samples from village domestic dogs and cats, which run free throughout the reserve also were examined. antibodies against cpv were ... | 1994 | 8151830 |
| antigenic variation among transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine respiratory coronavirus strains detected with monoclonal antibodies to the s protein of tgev. | five nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mab) generated to the virulent miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and specific for the s protein were characterized. competition assays between purified and biotinylated mab indicated that mab 75b10 and 8g11 mapped near a new subsite, designated v and 2 mab, 44c11 and 45a8, mapped to a previously designated subsite d. a fifth mab mapped between subsites v and e. these mab were tested with 3 previously characterized mab to subsi ... | 1992 | 1379786 |
| induction and enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis by canine coronavirus. | preexisting antibody to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) causes acceleration and enhancement of disease on subsequent infection of cats with fipv. other workers have shown that canine coronavirus (ccv) can infect cats subclinically, but have found no evidence of enhancement of, or protection against, subsequent fipv infection. with various isolates of ccv, we determined that 1 strain of ccv can induce transient mild diarrhea in cats and, furthermore, that previous infection with ccv ca ... | 1992 | 1329586 |
| genomic organization and expression of the 3' end of the canine and feline enteric coronaviruses. | the genomic organization at the 3' end of canine coronavirus (ccv) and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) was determined by sequence analysis and compared to that of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. comparison of the latter two has previously revealed an extra open reading frame (orf) at the 3' end of the fipv genome, lacking in tgev, which is currently designated orf 6b. both ccv and fecv possess 6b-related orfs at the 3' ends of ... | 1992 | 1329312 |
| a serologic survey of the island fox (urocyon littoralis) on the channel islands, california. | the island fox is listed as a threatened species in california. a serologic survey of 194 island foxes (urocyon littoralis) was conducted over the entire range of the species on the channel islands (california, usa). antibody prevalence against canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus reached 97% and 59%, respectively, in some populations sampled. antibody prevalence of canine herpesvirus, canine coronavirus, leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis were low. antibodies against canine distemper virus were ... | 1992 | 1318424 |
| intestinal infection of neonatal dogs with canine coronavirus 1-71: studies by virologic, histologic, histochemical, and immunofluorescent techniques. | enteritis induced in neonatal dogs by oral inoculation of coronavirus 1-71 was studied by virologic, histologic, histochemical, and immunofluorescent antibody methods. the enteritis, accompanied by diarrhea, developed in 4 to 7 days and was characterized by atrophy and fusion of intestinal villi and deepening of crypts, increase in cellularity of the lamina propria, flattening of epithelial cells, and discharge of goblet cells. intra-epithelial enzyme activities generally were depressed. specifi ... | 1976 | 1259219 |
| electron microscope study of experimental enteric infection in neonatal dogs with a canine coronavirus. | neonatal dogs, inoculated orally with coronavirus 1-71, grown in canine kidney cell cultures, developed diarrhea and a severe enteritis characterized by atrophy of the villi, changes in the enterocytes, and accelerated epithelial cell loss. electron microscopy of the mucosal epithelium, 4 days after challenge, showed that the virus penetrated into the enterocytes between microvilli, possibly by pinocytotic mechanism. in the enterocytes, virions were most often enclosed, singly or in groups, in c ... | 1976 | 933465 |
| antigenic relationship of the feline infections peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. | utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. fipv was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. transmissible gastroenteritis virus and fipv were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229e (hcv-229e) and canine coronavirus (ccv). an interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronavirus ... | 1978 | 81044 |
| experimental inoculation of cats with canine coronavirus and subsequent challenge with feline infectious peritonitis virus. | oronasal inoculation of minimal-disease cats with a virulent field isolate of canine coronavirus elicited a neutralizing antibody response that increased steadily over a two-month period, indicating in vivo amplification of the inoculated dose. a heterologous neutralizing antibody response to transmissible gastroenteritis virus could be detected three weeks after titers to canine coronavirus were first observed and was found to parallel the homologous response at a level approximately one log10 ... | 1984 | 6097763 |
| acute hemorrhagic enteritis associated with canine coronavirus and parvovirus infections in a captive coyote population. | | 1980 | 6256330 |
| development of a nested pcr assay for detection of feline infectious peritonitis virus in clinical specimens. | a diagnostic test for feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) infection based on a nested pcr (npcr) assay was developed and tested with fipv, feline enteric coronavirus (fecv), canine coronavirus (ccv), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and clinical fluid samples from cats with effusive feline infectious peritonitis (fip). the target sequence for the assay is in the s1 region of the peplomer protein e2 gene. a vaccine strain of fipv and two wild-type fipv strains tested positive ... | 1997 | 9041410 |
| serologic survey for selected viral pathogens in brown bears from italy. | blood samples were collected from six captive bears and nine free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the abruzzo national park, italy, between 1991 and 1995. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2, canine coronavirus, and canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2). serologic evidence of cdv and cpv-2-exposure was found in both captive and free-ranging bears. this may be the first report of cdv exposure in free-ranging bear ... | 1997 | 9131563 |
| the polypeptide structure of canine coronavirus and its relationship to porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | canine coronavirus (ccv) isolate 1-71 was grown in secondary dog kidney cells and purified by rate zonal centrifugation. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed four major structural polypeptides with apparent mol. wt. of 203800 (gp204), 49800 (p50), 31800 (gp32) and 21600 (gp22). incorporation of 3h-glucosamine into gp204, gp32 and gp22 indicated that these were glycopolypeptides. comparison of the structural polypeptides of ccv and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) by co-e ... | 1981 | 6267172 |
| development and evaluation of an elisa to measure antibody responses to both the nucleocapsid and spike proteins of canine coronavirus. | a rapid and reproducible enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detection of canine coronavirus (ccv) specific antibodies directed to both the nucleocapsid (nc) and the spike (s) proteins. the coating antigen, a methanol-treated, s-protein enriched preparation, was produced by subjecting infected cells to triton x-114 detergent followed by phase separation. the sensitivity of this assay was determined by following the course of infection in dogs experimentally infected with ... | 1998 | 9530608 |
| seroepidemiological survey of sympatric domestic and wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in tsumkwe district, north-eastern namibia. | disease is a potential threat to many endangered populations and may originate from sympatric domestic species. this paper describes a cross-sectional serological survey of canine pathogens carried out in domestic (n = 70) and wild dogs (lycoan pictus) (n = 6), in tsumkwe district, northeastern namibia. evidence of past exposure to canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and parainfluenza virus was evident in both wild and domestic dogs with this, the first, documented exposure of free-living ... | 1997 | 9551484 |
| canine viruses and multiple sclerosis. | serum and cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis (ms) patients and control subjects were tested and compared for presence and titer of neutralizing antibody against the most common canine viruses. canine viruses included canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus 1 (cav-1), canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine herpesvirus (chv), canine coronavirus (ccv), and canine parvovirus (cpv). neutralizing titers against measles virus (mv) and human adenovirus 8 (ha8) were also tested. signi ... | 1981 | 6267515 |
| an enteric coronavirus infection of cats and its relationship to feline infectious peritonitis. | an enteric coronavirus that is antigenically closely related to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is ubiquitous in the cat population. this virus has been designated feline enteric coronavirus to differentiate it from fipv. the virus is shed in the feces by many seropositive cats; in catteries it is a cause of inapparent to mildly severe enteritis in kittens 6 to 12 weeks of age. the virus may produce a more severe enteritis in young specific-pathogen-free kittens. feline enteric corona ... | 1981 | 6267960 |
| the structure of the canine coronavirus. | | 1981 | 6278898 |
| case report on mixed infection of canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus--electron microscopy and recovery of canine coronavirus. | | 1983 | 6314016 |
| molecular analysis of the coronavirus-receptor function of aminopeptidase n. | aminopeptidase n (apn) is a major cell surface for coronaviruses of the serogroup i. by using chimeric apn proteins assembled from human, porcine and feline apn we have identified determinants which are critically involved in the coronavirus-apn interaction. our results indicate that human coronavirus 229e (hcv 229e) is distinct from the other serogroup i coronaviruses in that determinants located within the n-terminal parts of the human and feline apn proteins mediate the infection of hcv 229e, ... | 1998 | 9782265 |
| feline aminopeptidase n is a receptor for all group i coronaviruses. | human coronavirus hcv-229e and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), both members of coronavirus group i, use aminopeptidase n (apn) as their cellular receptors. these viruses show marked species specificity in receptor utilization as they can only use apn of their respective species to initiate virus infection. feline and canine coronaviruses are also group i coronaviruses. to determine whether feline apn could serve as a receptor for feline coronaviruses (fcovs), we cloned the cd ... | 1998 | 9782266 |
| canine viral vaccines at a turning point--a personal perspective. | the most important canine viral infections are distemper and cpv-2. problems of variable cd vaccine safety and efficacy persist, but cd vaccines have greatly reduced the prevalence of disease and cases in vaccinated dogs are now rare. canine hepatitis (ich, cav-1 infection) also has been controlled well by vaccines for more than 35 years and it is now rare; the sporadic cases seen in the 1990s have usually occurred in unvaccinated dogs. cav-2 vaccines should, therefore, continue to be given sinc ... | 1999 | 9890023 |
| macrotiter assay for coronavirus-neutralizing activity in cats using a canine continuous cell line (a-72). | a heterologous neutralization assay for feline infectious peritonitis virus serology was developed using a single continuous cell line of canine origin, a-72, which is susceptible to cytopathic infection with both transmissible gastroenteritis virus of pigs and canine coronavirus. of several coronavirus isolates tested, the 1-71 isolate of canine coronavirus demonstrated the most effective neutralization by serum and body fluids of cats with histopathologically confirmed feline infectious perito ... | 1983 | 6319813 |
| serologic response of captive coyotes (canis latrans say) to canine parvovirus and accompanying profiles of canine coronavirus titers. | fifty-five of 66 (83%) coyote pups from bitches vaccinated against canine parvovirus (cpv) were seropositive for cpv antibodies at birth. the cpv antibody titer in the pups declined with a half-life of 6.7 days until by the 8th week, only two of 41 (5%) pups were seropositive for cpv antibodies. at 8 wk, 41 of the pups were vaccinated against cpv (killed feline origin vaccine), but only one of 37 (3%) was positive for cpv antibodies at 11 wk. the 8-wk-old pups were either too young to respond to ... | 1984 | 6325726 |
| development of a nested pcr assay for the detection of canine coronavirus. | a diagnostic test for canine coronavirus (ccv) infection based on a nested polymerase chain reaction (n-pcr) assay was developed and tested using the following coronavirus strains: ccv (usda strain), ccv (45/93, field strain), feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv, field strain), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev, purdue strain), bovine coronavirus (bcv, 9wbl-77 strain), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv, m-41 strain) and fecal samples of dogs with ccv enteritis. a 230-bp segment of t ... | 1999 | 10403671 |
| epizootic of viral enteritis in dogs in thailand. | an epizootic of enteritis occurred in dogs in thailand during 1979. observations were made on 44 dogs that had clinical signs of enteritis or had a recent history compatible with a clinical diagnosis of enteritis. eight of the 44 dogs died. gross and histopathologic examinations performed on these dogs revealed that the lesions were similar to those described for canine viral enteritis. antigens that agglutinated rhesus macaque rbc were detected in feces from 4 of 20 dogs. cytopathic effects wer ... | 1982 | 7149420 |
| characterization of a feline infectious peritonitis virus isolate. | a virus isolated in cell culture from the spleen of a cat with feline infectious peritonitis was identified by physicochemical, morphological and antigenic criteria as a coronavirus. the feline infectious peritonitis virus was compared in vitro with canine coronavirus, a reported enteric pathogen of dogs. the feline isolate was characterized, by chloroform sensitivity and resistance to 5-iododeoxyuridine, respectively, as containing essential lipid and an rna genome. other traits of the isolate ... | 1981 | 7467085 |
| enhancement of fip in cats immunised with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing ccv and tgev spike glycoproteins. | | 1993 | 7516108 |
| serologic survey of selected viral agents in recently captured wild north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | blood samples were collected from 64 wild north american river otters (lontra [lutra] canadensis) from northern and eastern new york state and analyzed for serologic evidence of exposure to selected viral agents during a 1995 1996 translocation program. no clinical signs of disease nor lesions suggestive of prior viral exposure were seen. titers were detected for antibodies against canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine parvovirus-2 but not for antibodies against canine adenovi ... | 2000 | 10982127 |
| molecular cloning and sequence determination of the peplomer protein gene of feline infectious peritonitis virus type i. | cdna clones spanning the entire region of the peplomer (s) gene of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) type i strain ku-2 were obtained and their complete nucleotide sequences were determined. a long open reading frame (orf) encoding 1464 amino acid residues was found in the gene, which was 12 residues longer than the orf of the fipv type ii strain 79-1146. the sequences of fipv type i and mainly -tpv type ii were compared. the homologies at the n- (amino acid residues 1-693) and c- (resi ... | 1995 | 7733820 |
| [electron microscopic demonstration of viruses in feces of dogs with diarrhea]. | 4044 stool samples of dogs with diarrhoea were examined by electron microscopy. the samples were sent for routine diagnostics in the years 1988-1993. over the examination period virus was detected in 32% of the samples. parvovirus was diagnosed in 17.2% and coronavirus in 12.4% of the cases. the number of parvovirus-positive samples was lower than in former years, whereas the number of coronavirus-positive samples was higher. other virus particles (paramyxo-, picorna-, calici- and astrovirus or ... | 1995 | 7792778 |
| canine-coronavirus (ccv) characterization in spain. epidemiological aspects. | in this paper the characterization of a canine-coronavirus (ccv) strain isolated in spain is reported. the ccv cellular-infection cycle on a-72 cells was studied using electron-microscopy techniques. the isolate was found to have similar electrophoretic profile and antigenic properties to an american reference strain. sera samples were obtained from several canine populations and tested for viral antibodies using two immunoenzymatic methods. sera specificity was confirmed using immunoblot analys ... | 1994 | 7839745 |
| studies on the survival of canine coronavirus under different environmental conditions. | canine coronavirus (ccv) is a common faecal agent which is difficult to isolate. this study shows ccv to survive well at temperatures below -20 degrees c but not at temperatures above 4 degrees c. the presence of faecal material markedly reduced ccv survival times at temperatures ranging from 20 degrees c to -70 degrees c. thus, it is suggested that diagnostic faecal material should be diluted 1:10 (w/v) with growth medium and examined at the earliest opportunity. | 1994 | 7886936 |
| nucleotide sequence and expression of the spike (s) gene of canine coronavirus and comparison with the s proteins of feline and porcine coronaviruses. | we have cloned, sequenced and expressed the spike (s) gene of canine coronavirus (ccv; strain k378). its deduced amino acid sequence has revealed features in common with other coronavirus s proteins: a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids at the amino terminus (the putative signal sequence), another hydrophobic region at the carboxy terminus (the membrane anchor), heptad repeats preceding the anchor, and a cysteine-rich region located just downstream from it. like other representatives of the same ... | 1994 | 8021609 |
| genomic organization and expression of the 3' end of the canine and feline enteric coronaviruses. | the genomic organization at the 3' end of canine coronavirus (ccv) and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) was determined by sequence analysis and compared to that of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. comparison of the latter two has previously revealed an extra open reading frame (orf) at the 3' end of the fipv genome, lacking in tgev, now designated orf 6b. both ccv and fecv possess 6b-related orfs. the ccv orf 6b is colinear with ... | 1993 | 8209715 |
| sequence analysis of ccv and its relationship to fipv, tgev and prcv. | | 1993 | 8209747 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus: molecular characterization of the s gene using cdna probes and nucleotide sequence analysis. | two transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev, miller strain) cdna clones were identified and their nucleotide sequences determined. the clones were non-overlapping and were located in the 5' region of the s glycoprotein gene. the tgev clone pe21 contained 381 bp of the s glycoprotein gene and had > 98% nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology with the purdue (p115) strain of tgev and over 87% sequence homology with feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). the tgev clone, pd24, contained 2 ... | 1993 | 8209764 |
| studies on the epizootiology of canine coronavirus. | the seroprevalence and, or, incidence of canine coronavirus infection was determined in several dog populations in the uk. seroprevalence ranged from 76 per cent for a rescue kennel to 100 per cent in a commercial breeding colony. in the rescue kennel there was no difference in seroprevalence of the virus between dogs less than or more than four months of age. in the breeding colony, subclinical seroconversion occurred between six and 10 weeks of age. the virus was isolated from faecal samples f ... | 1993 | 8382389 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of the s protein gene from two geographically distinct strains of canine coronavirus. | the gene encoding the spike (s) protein from two geographically distinct strains (american and british) of canine coronavirus (ccv) was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence revealed open reading frames of 1443 or 1453 amino acids, respectively. structural features include an n-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, a hydrophilic cysteine-rich cluster near the c-terminus, two heptad repeats and 29 or 33 potential n-glycosylation sites. pairwise comparisons of s amino acid sequences from t ... | 1995 | 8607285 |
| efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against clinical disease caused by canine coronavirus. | canine coronavirus (ccv) is a causative agent of diarrhea in dogs. the reproduction of severe clinical disease with experimental ccv infection has been difficult. we have recently developed a ccv challenge model which reproduced clinical signs of disease in susceptible dogs. the following study was designed to determine whether immunization with an inactivated ccv vaccine would protect dogs from clinical disease induced using this model. dogs (n = 13) were vaccinated with an inactivated ccv vacc ... | 1995 | 8830484 |
| interspecies aminopeptidase-n chimeras reveal species-specific receptor recognition by canine coronavirus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | we report that cells refractory to canine coronavirus (ccv) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) became susceptible when transfected with a chimeric aminopeptidase-n (apn) cdna containing a canine domain between residues 643 and 841. this finding shows that apn recognition by these viruses is species related and associated with this c-terminal domain. the human/canine apn chimera was also able to confer susceptibility to the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), whereas i ... | 1997 | 8985407 |
| identification of coronaviruses in dogs that segregate separately from the canine coronavirus genotype. | the genetic diversity of 16 canine coronavirus (ccov) samples is described. samples were obtained from pups infected naturally living in different areas. sequence data were obtained from the m gene and pol1a and pol1b regions. the phylogenetic relationships among these sequences and sequences published previously were determined. the canine samples segregated in two separate clusters. samples of the first cluster were intermingled with reference strains of ccov genotype and therefore could be as ... | 2003 | 12505636 |
| protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a live canarypox virus recombinant-canine distemper virus (cdv) combination vaccine against virulent cdv challenge exposure, and to document lack of interference among the other modified-live virus (mlv) components. | 1997 | 9256965 |
| recombinant m protein-based elisa test for detection of antibodies to canine coronavirus. | the membrane (m) protein of canine coronavirus (ccov) was cloned and expressed in e. coli. the purified recombinant protein was then evaluated for its antigenicity and reliability in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of ccov antibodies in dog sera. fifty serum samples, screened previously by whole virus elisa and western blotting, were tested. when the performance of the new test was compared with those of whole virus elisa and western blotting, an excellent correlation ... | 2003 | 12711056 |
| feline coronavirus type ii strains 79-1683 and 79-1146 originate from a double recombination between feline coronavirus type i and canine coronavirus. | recent evidence suggests that the type ii feline coronavirus (fcov) strains 79-1146 and 79-1683 have arisen from a homologous rna recombination event between fcov type i and canine coronavirus (ccv). in both cases, the template switch apparently took place between the s and m genes, giving rise to recombinant viruses which encode a ccv-like s protein and the m, n, 7a, and 7b proteins of fcov type i (k. motowaka, t. hohdatsu, h. hashimoto, and h. koyama, microbiol. immunol. 40:425-433, 1996; h. v ... | 1998 | 9557750 |
| characterization of determinants involved in the feline infectious peritonitis virus receptor function of feline aminopeptidase n. | feline aminopeptidase n (fapn) is a major cell surface receptor for feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), human coronavirus 229e (hcv 229e) and canine coronavirus (ccv). by using chimeric molecules assembled from porcine, human and feline apn we have analysed the determinants involved in the coronavirus receptor function of fapn. our results show that amino acids 670-840 of fapn are critically involved in its fipv and tgev receptor function where ... | 1998 | 9634079 |
| detection of a group 2 coronavirus in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease. | an investigation into the causes of canine infectious respiratory disease was carried out in a large rehoming kennel. tissue samples taken from the respiratory tract of diseased dogs were tested for the presence of coronaviruses using rt-pcr with conserved primers for the polymerase gene. sequence analysis of four positive samples showed the presence of a coronavirus with high similarity to both bovine and human coronavirus (strain oc43) in their polymerase and spike genes, whereas there was a l ... | 2003 | 12781709 |
| differences in virus receptor for type i and type ii feline infectious peritonitis virus. | feline infectious peritonitis viruses (fipvs) are classified into type i and type ii serogroups. here, we report that feline aminopeptidase n (apn), a cell-surface metalloprotease on the intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells, is a receptor for type ii fipv but not for type i fipv. a monoclonal antibody (mab) r-g-4, which blocks infection of felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells by type ii fipv, was obtained by immunizing mice with fcwf-4 cells which are highly susceptible to fipv. this m ... | 1998 | 9645192 |
| nucleotide sequence of the inter-structural gene region of feline infectious peritonitis virus. | the sequence of the region located between the s and m glycoprotein genes of the 79-1146 strain of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is presented. the inter-structural gene region encodes 3 open reading frames (orfs), termed orfs 3a, 3b and 4, with nucleotide sequences conforming to the minimum conserved transcription signal upstream of each. an additional orf, 3x, partially overlaps the 3' end of orf 3a. the fipv interstructural gene region is identical in length when compared to the i ... | 1998 | 9654687 |
| one-tube fluorogenic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the quantitation of feline coronaviruses. | a one-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for absolute feline coronavirus (fcov) quantitation was developed. the assay is based on the 5' nuclease activity of the thermus flavus (tfl) polymerase and a fluorogenic probe which generates fluorescence when it is cleaved. the fluorogenic probe, also called taqman(tm) probe (perkin elmer, foster city, usa), is an oligonucleotide designed to bind between the two pcr primers to the target cdna and is labeled with a reporter and ... | 1999 | 10029323 |
| cardiovascular pathology possibly associated with ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in dutch belted rabbits. | after myocardial necrosis and fibrosis was observed in five rabbits which had been anesthetized a variable number of times, the potential relationship of these lesions and anesthesia was evaluated in 35 other rabbits. | 1999 | 10331545 |
| canine coronavirus infections in japan: virological and epidemiological aspects. | ten strains, eight field and two reference laboratory strains, of canine coronavirus (ccv) were comparatively examined with respect to antigenic relationships and pathogenic potential in dogs. with monoclonal antibodies and hyperimmune antisera to feline coronavirus and ccv, respectively, varying degrees of antigenic diversities were found among the strains by neutralization and immunofluorescence assays, but it was felt that they belong to one serotype. specific-pathogen-free puppies experiment ... | 1999 | 10458093 |
| the s gene of canine coronavirus, strain ucd-1, is more closely related to the s gene of transmissible gastroenteritis virus than to that of feline infectious peritonitis virus. | to gain insight into the genetic relationships among six canine coronavirus (ccv) strains, the variable region of the spike (s) protein gene was sequenced. the ccv strains were: two atcc reference strains, the insavc-1 vaccine strain, the national veterinary services laboratories (ames, ia) challenge strain, and two california field isolates (ucd-1 and ucd-2) from the 1970s. all six strains, downstream of the nucleocapsid (n) protein gene, had sufficient size for an orf 7b, and thus, none were t ... | 1999 | 10475084 |
| cloning and expression of two fragments of the s gene of canine coronavirus type i. | two fragments, s66 and s55, of the s glycoprotein of the newly identified canine coronavirus type i (ccov type i), were expressed in a procariotic system. the purified recombinant proteins of 350 and 366 amino acids in length, respectively, were employed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of ccov type i antibodies in dog sera. four canine sera-positive for ccov type ii, four sera-positive for ccov type i and 10 negative control sera were examined. only the ... | 2004 | 15019260 |
| two genotypes of canine coronavirus simultaneously detected in the fecal samples of dogs with diarrhea. | sixty-nine fecal samples from diarrheic puppies were examined by reverse transcription-pcr assays for the m and the s genes of canine coronaviruses (ccovs). the isolates in 10 samples were recognized as ccov type i, and the isolates in 6 samples were recognized as ccov type ii, while isolates of both genotypes were simultaneously detected in 53 samples. | 2004 | 15071054 |
| diagnosis of canine coronavirus infection using nested-pcr. | the results of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nested polymerase chain reaction (n-pcr) assays for the diagnosis of canine coronavirus (ccv) infection, and the comparison with other diagnostic techniques, such as electron microscopy (em) and virus isolation using a-72 cell line are reported. the study was carried out on 71 faecal samples of pups with enteritis. of 71 samples examined 14 were positive in pcr, whereas 30 samples resulted positive in the n-pcr assay. ccv was detected by em exam ... | 2000 | 10644090 |
| identification of canine coronavirus strains from feces by s gene nested pcr and molecular characterization of a new australian isolate. | a nested pcr (npcr) assay for the detection of canine coronavirus (ccv) in fecal samples is described. the target sequence for the assay was a 514-bp fragment within the spike (s) glycoprotein gene. the sensitivity of the assay is extremely high, detecting as little as 25 50% tissue culture infective doses per g of unprocessed feces. a clinical trial using dogs challenged orally with ccv sa4 and ccv nvsl was used to compare viral isolation and the npcr assay as detection techniques over a 2-week ... | 2001 | 11230424 |
| canine distemper and related diseases: report of a severe outbreak in a kennel. | an outbreak of canine distemper in a kennel of german shepherds in the province of bari is reported. six 42-day-old pups developed typical signs of canine distemper (fever, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress and enteritis) and died within 7-10 days. neurological symptoms were observed only in one pup. four additional pups, which had shown no sign of illness, were separated and vaccinated, but two of these developed a severe, fatal nervous form 15 days later. post-mortem examination, carried ou ... | 2004 | 15164629 |
| canine coronavirus in australian dogs. | to estimate the frequency of serum antibodies (igg and igm) to canine coronavirus (ccv) in the australian dog population and evaluate the role of ccv as a causative agent of gastroenteritis. | 2001 | 11256282 |
| feline and canine coronaviruses are released from the basolateral side of polarized epithelial llc-pk1 cells expressing the recombinant feline aminopeptidase-n cdna. | in this study feline (fecv and fipv) and canine (ccov) coronavirus entry into and release from polarized porcine epithelial llc-pk1 cells, stably expressing the recombinant feline aminopeptidase-n cdna, were investigated. virus entry appeared to occur preferentially through the apical membrane, similar to the entry of the related porcine coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) into these cells. however, whereas tgev is released apically, feline and canine coronaviruses were found ... | 2001 | 11402864 |
| antibodies to selected pathogens in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals in canada. | antibody titres to selected pathogens (canine adenovirus [cav-2], feline herpesvirus [fhv], phocine herpesvirus [phv-1], canine distemper virus, dolphin morbillivirus [dmv], phocine distemper virus [pdv], parainfluenza virus type 3 [pi3], rabies virus, dolphin rhabdovirus [drv], canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus, borrelia burgdorferi and toxoplasma gondii) were determined in whole blood or serum samples from selected free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mam ... | 2004 | 15338705 |
| canine coronavirus infection in turkish dog population. | canine coronavirus (ccov) is one of the most important viral agents affecting the gastrointestinal system of dogs. in this study virological and serological investigations were performed to demonstrate the existence and prevalence of ccov infection in a turkish dog population. a total of 269 animals were subjected to the study. of 179 dogs tested for ccov antibodies, 112 (62.5%) were found to be positive by serum neutralization test, while 133 (74.3%) were positive by elisa. the highest prevalen ... | 2004 | 15525364 |
| recent epidemiological status of canine viral enteric infections and giardia infection in japan. | epidemiology of canine enteric infections was studied. rectal swabs collected from 95 dogs presented at animal hospitals during a period from january to june of 2000 were examined for enteric pathogens, including viruses and giardia lamblia (g. lamblia). most frequently detected in both diarrheal and normal feces were canine coronavirus (55.4%) and g. lamblia (48.2%). canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) was specifically associated with diarrheal cases and cpv-2b was the predominant antigenic type. ... | 2001 | 11411507 |
| [two genotypes of canine coronavirus simultaneously detected in the fecal samples of healthy foxes and raccoon dogs]. | 61 fecal samples from healthy foxes and 24 from healthy raccoon dogs were examined by rt-nested pcr assays for the presence and genotypic identification of canine coronaviruses (ccvs). 77.0% fox samples were recognized as ccv positive, 43 of which belonged to type ii and 29 to type i, as well as both genotypes were simultaneously detected in 25 samples. out of the total 24 fecal samples from raccoon dogs, 22 were ccv positive for type ii and 16 for type i. m gene fragments of 8 samples were sequ ... | 2005 | 15989282 |