| detection of neonatal calf diarrhea virus, infant reovirus-like diarrhea virus, and a coronavirus using the fluorescent virus precipitin test. | thirty-four calf and five infant fecal specimens were tested for the neonatal calf diarrhea virus (ncdv) and for the reovirus-like infantile diarrhea agent; respectively. the procedures used were the fluorescent virus precipitin test and immune electron microscopy. fourteen of the calf stools contained detectable ncdv, and four of the five infant stools contained the reovirus-like human agent. infectious ncdv was detected in four of the 34 calf fecal specimens when madin-darby bovine kidney cell ... | 1976 | 178691 |
| replication of bovine coronavirus in cell line bek-1 culture. | | 1976 | 179503 |
| plaque assay of neonatal calf diarrhea virus and the neutralizing antibody in human sera. | neonatal calf diarrhea virus (a bovine rotavirus) formed distinct plaques in monolayers of ma-104 cells, an established macacus rhesus monkey kidney cell line, when diethylaminoethyl dextran and trypsin were included in the overlay medium. by using this plaque assay method, titration of neutralizing antibody to neonatal calf diarrhea virus was made feasible. it was demonstrated that some human sera contained neutralizing antibody to this agent. | 1977 | 188863 |
| acute gastroenteritis among schoolchildren associated with reovirus-like agent. | during early summer 1975 and spring 1976, outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis were reported from primary schools and other institutions in several districts of japan. outbreaks occurred in an explosive manner resembling mass food poisoning from a school lunch. the majority of patients were in the age group 6-14 years. clinical features were generally mild, consisting of vomiting and/or diarrhea, often with low-grade fever. reovirus-like agents in the feces were found in 27 (44%) of 62 patients. t ... | 1978 | 203188 |
| significance of bovine coronavirus infection. | | 1978 | 205032 |
| characteristics of neonatal calf diarrhea virus ribonucleic acid. | the nucleic acids of neonatal calf diarrhea virus were characterized by isopycnic centrifugation in cs2so4, electron microscopy, ultraviolet absorbance temperature profiles and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these studies indicated that the neonatal calf diarrhea virus genome consists of 11 segments of double stranded rna with a total molecular weight of 10.75 million daltons. | 1978 | 206326 |
| structural polypeptides of the enteropathogenic bovine coronavirus strain ly-138. | the bovine coronavirus strain ly-138 was purified by differential as well as velocity and isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose or cscl gradients. the substrate for purification was contents of the small intestine of experimentally inoculated calves. this strain is highly enteropathogenic, but it could not yet be propagated in cultured cells. intact virions had a density of 1.245 g/cm3 in cscl and 1.185 g/cm3 in sucrose. a spherical core-like structure with an average diameter of 82 nm remaining a ... | 1979 | 218536 |
| the indirect fluorescent antibody technique as a method for detecting antibodies in aborted fetuses. | in this investigation the indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to titrate antibodies in bovine sera to parainfluenza 3, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. these results were compared to those determined on the same samples by hemagglutination inhibition for parainfluenza 3 virus and serum neutralization for bovine virus diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. the results of the serological methods agreed closely. the indirect fluore ... | 1979 | 226243 |
| epidemiological and virological studies on outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus in primary schools in osaka. | there have been three recent outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in primary schools in osaka prefecture caused by rotavirus: one in a school (ta) in april, 1974 and two in two other schools (te and k) in may 1975. the morbidity from the disease was 2.4--15.8% for all age groups in the schools, and 20.1--34.1% for a certain age group. the disease lasted for 4 (k) to 14 days (te). the first cases in schools ta and te were followed by successive cases. the main clinical symptoms were higher frequenc ... | 1979 | 231434 |
| detection of the k99 antigen of escherichia coli in calf faeces by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is presented for the detection of the k99 antigen of escherichia coli in calf faeces. false-positive reactions were not observed with k99-negative strains and with several viral antigens. only bovine coronavirus caused slight positive reactions which could be eliminated by a blocking test. as compared with the conventional procedure for the detection of the k99 antigen, elisa seemed to be a least as sensitive and had the advantage that samples could b ... | 1979 | 386563 |
| antigens of bovine coronavirus strain ly-138 and their diagnostic properties. | | 1978 | 416734 |
| bovine coronavirus genome. | the tissue culture-adapted strain (mebus) of the bovine coronavirus was grown to titers of greater than 10(7) 50% tissue culture infective doses per ml in secondary bovine embryo kidney cells, and the rna was isotopically labeled with [3h]uridine. the rna was extracted from purified virus and was found to have the following properties. (i) it consisted primarily of a homogeneous large-molecular-weight species which comigrated electrophoretically with vesicular stomatitis viral rna and therefore ... | 1979 | 571025 |
| replication of an enteric bovine coronavirus in intestinal organ cultures. | a coronavirus isolated in tracheal organ cultures from the faeces of a calf with diarrhoaea readily multiplied on passage in intestinal organ cultures. evidence for multiplication was obtained by the production of viral haemagglutinin in organ culture fluids and the presence of immunofluorescence and viral particles in the columnar epithelial cells of the villi. thus virus multiplication was studied in vitro in the cell type in which it multiplies naturally. | 1978 | 655865 |
| characterization of a calf diarrheal coronavirus. | a coronavirus-like agent isolated from feces of a calf with diarrhea and attenuated by consecutive passage in a fetal bovine kidney cell line was characterized as a coronavirus. negatively stained virions were approximately circular, had a mean diameter of 120 nm, and were covered with wide-spaced, petal-shaped projections about 20 nm long. virions in ultrathin sections of infected cell monolayers had a mean diameter of 80 nm, lacked surface projections, and were found within cytoplasmic vesicle ... | 1976 | 786086 |
| a bovine coronavirus identified by thin-section electron microscopy. | | 1977 | 878273 |
| immunofluorescent cell assay of neonatal calf diarrhea virus. | a reliable plaque assay procedure has not yet been described for the neonatal calf diarrhea virus. therefore, a previously developed immunofluorescent cell counting procedure was adapted to assay this virus. adsorption of the virus to bovine kidney cells plateaued at 60 minutes. the optimal staining time was between 20 and 24 hours postinfection. infected cells begun releasing from the coverslips if the cultures were incubated longer than 24 hours. this procedure has proven successful with virus ... | 1975 | 1100205 |
| scanning electron, light, and immunofluorescent microscopy of intestine of gnotobiotic calf infected with calf diarrheal coronavirus. | intestinal lesions in 2 gnotobiotic calves given (oral inoculation) calf diarrheal coronavirus were studied by scanning electron, light, and immunofluorescent microscopy. the calves were euthanatized at 34 and 73 hours after the onset of diarrhea. lesions in the small intestine were similar to those reported in animals affected with transmissible gastroenteritis of swine. small intestinal villi were shortened, some adjacent villi were fused, and villous epithelium was composed of low cuboidal to ... | 1975 | 1200442 |
| bovine coronavirus spike glycoprotein: localization of an immunodominant region at the amino-terminal end of s2. | we have identified the binding site of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the s2 subunit of the bovine coronavirus spike (s) glycoprotein. the location of this site was first investigated by using prokaryotic expression of dna restriction fragments covering the entire s gene. the amino acid sequence containing the antibody binding site was shortened from 70 to 20 amino acids by digestion of plasmid dna with exonuclease iii, followed by sequencing of the smallest digestion product encoding an i ... | 1992 | 1281870 |
| the role of bovine intraepithelial leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in enteric antiviral defense. | the defense of a mucosal surface against viral infection is dependent in part on the leukocyte population resident at that site. in this study, leukocytes from the bovine intestinal epithelium were isolated and assessed for their ability to inhibit in vitro replication of an enteric pathogen, bovine coronavirus (bcv). as well, the intraepithelial leukocytes (iel) were tested for their ability to mediate different types of cytotoxicity. the iel were able to inhibit virus replication, and this act ... | 1992 | 1319169 |
| bovine coronavirus uses n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid as a receptor determinant to initiate the infection of cultured cells. | the importance of n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2) as a receptor determinant for bovine coronavirus (bcv) on cultured cells was analysed. pretreatment of mdck i (madin darby canine kidney) cells with neuraminidase or acetylesterase rendered the cells resistant to infection by bcv. the receptors on a human (caco-2) and a porcine (llc-pk1) epithelial cell line were also found to be sensitive to neuraminidase treatment. the susceptibility to infection by bcv was restored after resialy ... | 1992 | 1321878 |
| monoclonal anti-idiotype induces antibodies against bovine q17 rotavirus. | this study describes, for the first time, the production and use of an "internal-image" anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mab) to elicit a rotavirus-specific antibody response. an immunoglobulin g2a mab, designated rq31 (mab1), specific for the outer capsid protein vp4 of bovine q17 rotavirus and capable of neutralizing viral infection in vitro was used to generate an anti-idiotypic mab (mab2). this mab2, designated rqa2, was selected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using f(ab')2 ... | 1992 | 1326641 |
| agents associated with neonatal diarrhoea in ethiopian dairy calves. | faeces samples collected from diarrhoeic dairy calves in the first 8 weeks of life were examined for the presence of 5 enteropathogens. the majority of the 108 diarrhoea cases occurred in the first 5 weeks of life and a commercial elisa kit detected bovine enteric coronavirus (bec) in 38.9%, serogroup a rotavirus (rv) in 16.7% and k99 (f5) fimbrial adhesin-positive escherichia coli (k99 etec) in 11.1 per cent. concurrent infections of these enteropathogens were detected in 14.8% of samples (30.8 ... | 1992 | 1339036 |
| development of monoclonal antibody elisa for simultaneous detection of bovine coronavirus, rotavirus serogroup a, and escherichia coli k99 antigen in feces of calves. | a rapid elisa was developed for simultaneous detection of bovine coronavirus (bcv), rotavirus (rv) serogroup a, and escherichia coli k99 antigen in feces of calves. a mixture of 3 monoclonal antibodies specific for bcv, rv, or k99 was used successfully to capture the antigens; the same antibodies labeled with peroxidase were used to detect bcv, rv, or k99. the triple elisa was compared with standard reference diagnostic methods by examining feces from experimentally and naturally infected and he ... | 1992 | 1371656 |
| bovine coronavirus peplomer glycoproteins: detailed antigenic analyses of s1, s2 and he. | forty-four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the g110 isolate of bovine enteric coronavirus were used for the characterization of the peplomer proteins s and he. fourteen of these mabs reacted with he and the remaining 30 with the products of the s gene, s1 (19 mabs), s2 (six mabs) and gp200 (five mabs). s1 and he were found to carry major neutralization determinants, and s1 appeared to elicit the production of the mabs displaying the highest neutralizing activity. the topography of the epitopes w ... | 1992 | 1378480 |
| 2-mercaptoethanol influences the in vitro function of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | the effects of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-me) on some in vitro functions of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were examined. it was shown that 2-me enhanced, in a dose-dependent manner, the production of antibodies to bovine coronavirus. in this test the optimal concentration of 2-me was 50 microm. this molarity of 2-me was also optimal for the pokeweed mitogen (pwm)-induced proliferation of pbmc obtained from the 7 cattle tested. similarly, the spontaneous proliferation of pbmc from 4 ... | 1992 | 1379399 |
| synthesis and processing of the haemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus encoded in the e3 region of adenovirus. | the haemagglutinin-esterase gene (he) of bovine coronavirus (bcv) encodes a major viral membrane glycoprotein that elicits bcv-neutralizing antibodies. the bcv he gene was cloned into a human adenovirus serotype 5 (ad5) transfer vector in place of early transcription region 3, and a helper-independent recombinant virus was constructed by rescue of the transcription unit by homologous in vivo recombination between the vector and ad5 genomic dna. the bcv he polypeptide expressed by this recombinan ... | 1992 | 1402802 |
| sequence analysis of the membrane protein gene of human coronavirus oc43 and evidence for o-glycosylation. | the gene encoding the membrane (m) protein of the oc43 strain of human coronavirus (hcv-oc43) was amplified by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of viral rna with hcv-oc43- and bovine coronavirus (bcv)-specific primers. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned 1.5 kb fragment revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 690 nucleotides which was identified as the m protein gene from its homology to bcv. this orf encodes a protein of 230 amino acids with an m(r) of 26416. the gene is prec ... | 1992 | 1402806 |
| the nucleocapsid protein gene of bovine coronavirus is bicistronic. | for animal rna viruses that replicate through an rna intermediate, reported examples of bicistronic mrnas with overlapping open reading frames in which one cistron is contained entirely within another have been made only for those with negative-strand or double-stranded genomes. in this report, we demonstrate for the positive-strand bovine coronavirus that an overlapping open reading frame potentially encoding a 23-kda protein (names the i [for internal open reading frame] protein) and lying ent ... | 1992 | 1501275 |
| comparison of hemagglutinating, receptor-destroying, and acetylesterase activities of avirulent and virulent bovine coronavirus strains. | hemagglutinating and acetylesterase functions as well as the 124 kda glycoprotein were present in the highly cell-culture adapted, avirulent bovine coronavirus strain bcv-l9, in the norden vaccine strain derived from it, and in 5 wild-type, virulent strains that multiplied in hrt-18 cells but were restricted in several types of cultured bovine cells. the bcv-l9 and the wild-type strain bcv-ly-138 agglutinated chicken and mouse erythrocytes. the acetylesterase facilitated break-down of the bcv-er ... | 1992 | 1642550 |
| radioactive and enzymatic cloned cdna probes for bovine enteric coronavirus detection by molecular hybridization. | genomic rna of f15 strain bovine enteric coronavirus (becv) was cloned in e. coli. three clones (174, 160, pg78), selected in the cdna library, including a large portion of the nucleocapsid (n), matrix (m) and peplomeric (s) protein genes, were used as probes for a slot blot hybridization assay. two probe labelling techniques were compared, radiolabelling with 32p and enzymatic labelling through covalent linkage to peroxidase and chemiluminescence detection. the radioactive probe 174 detected as ... | 1992 | 1642553 |
| experimental infection with a virulent pneumoenteric isolate of bovine coronavirus. | | 1991 | 1645598 |
| baculovirus-expressed myogenic determination factors require e12 complex formation for binding to the myosin-light-chain enhancer. | two recombinant baculoviruses bcv-myf4 and bcv-myf5 have been constructed to synthesize the human myogenic determination factors myogenin (myf4) and myf5 in eucaryotic cells. both recombinant proteins are localized to the nucleus of virus-infected spodoroptera frugiperda (sf) insect cells and can be recovered as soluble factors. the virus-produced proteins exhibit high-affinity binding to a muscle-specific dna sequence in the presence of the ubiquitous helix-loop-helix (hlh) protein e12, but onl ... | 1991 | 1645648 |
| heterogeneity of gene expression of the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) protein of murine coronaviruses. | the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) membrane glycoprotein is present only in some members of the coronavirus family, including some strains of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). in the jhm strain of mhv, expression of the he gene is variable and corresponds to the number of copies of a ucuaa pentanucleotide sequence present at the 3'-end of the leader rna. this copy number varies among mhv strains, depending on their passage history. the jhm isolates with two copies of ucuaa in their leader rna showed a h ... | 1991 | 1649505 |
| isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in serum, feces, and mucosal secretions from experimentally challenge-exposed colostrum-deprived calves. | five newborn isolation-reared colostrum-deprived calves were inoculated orally and intranasally when they were 20 to 30 hours old and challenge exposed when they were 21 days old with a suspension of virulent bovine coronavirus (bcv). blood, feces, nasal swabs, tears, saliva, and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids were collected from each calf prior to inoculation and then weekly for 5 post-inoculation weeks. an elisa was used to quantitate the immunoglobulin isotype titers of bcv antibodies in ... | 1991 | 1649562 |
| mucosal and systemic antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in experimentally challenge-exposed calves fed low or high amounts of colostral antibodies. | ten colostrum-deprived calves were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (5 calves/group), and fed colostrum that had either low (naturally infected cows) or high (immunized cows) antibody titers to bovine coronavirus (bcv). all calves were inoculated orally and intranasally with virulent bcv when they were 24 to 48 hours old and challenge exposed 21 days later. blood, feces, nasal secretions, tears, saliva, and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids were collected weekly from each calf for 5 weeks a ... | 1991 | 1649563 |
| winter dysentery in dairy herds: electron microscopic and serological evidence for an association with coronavirus infection. | faeces and, or, paired sera were collected from cows in six dairy herds with classical winter dysentery. similar samples were collected from cows in three other dairy herds experiencing non-haemorrhagic diarrhoea during the survey period. coronavirus was the only enteric pathogen identified by immune electron microscopy (iem) in all six outbreaks, occurring in 26 of 29 (90 per cent) of the affected cows and in one of 11 normal cows from the same herds. nineteen of 26 affected cows (73 per cent) ... | 1991 | 1650053 |
| epidemiologic factors and isotype-specific antibody responses in serum and mucosal secretions of dairy calves with bovine coronavirus respiratory tract and enteric tract infections. | blood, feces, and nasal swabs specimens were collected 12 to 24 hours after birth and then 3 times/week (blood only once per week) from one group of 10 calves until they were 10 weeks old and from a second group of 10 calves until they were 10 to 20 weeks old. colostrum was collected from all calves' dams and tears from 5 randomly selected calves in the first group. all fecal and nasal specimens were assayed for bovine coronavirus (bcv) antigens by elisa. nasal epithelial cells were examined for ... | 1991 | 1652904 |
| mucosal and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in naturally infected dairy calves. | blood, feces, nasal secretions, and tears were collected weekly from 5 randomly selected 1- to 8-week-old calves in a large commercial dairy herd. clinical signs and bovine coronavirus (bcv) shedding from the respiratory and enteric tracts of calves were monitored through the 8-week period by direct immunofluorescence of nasal epithelial cells, protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy on feces, and elisa on nasal secretions and feces. all samples were analyzed for antibody isotypes to bcv struct ... | 1991 | 1652905 |
| isolation of bovine coronavirus from feces and nasal swabs of calves with diarrhea. | fecal and nasal samples were collected from 180 calves with diarrhea and 36 clinically normal co-habitants, and tested for virus using hrt-18 cell cultures derived from human rectal adenocarcinoma. a cytopathic virus was isolated from 5 fecal and 56 nasal samples obtained from diarrheic calves. all calves in which the virus was isolated from diarrheic feces were positive for virus isolation from nasal swabs. the virus was also isolated from the nasal swabs of 10 clinically normal calves that wer ... | 1991 | 1653037 |
| non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxicity of bovine coronavirus-infected target cells mediated by bovine intestinal intraepithelial leukocytes. | non-specific cellular mechanisms of defence against intestinal virus infections of cattle were investigated using bovine coronavirus (bcv) as a representative enteric virus. since bcv infection is limited to the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract, defence mechanisms must be capable of acting at that site to be effective. therefore, the intraepithelial leukocyte (iel) population of the intestinal mucosa was chosen for initial study. treatment of intestinal samples with dtt and edta in calci ... | 1991 | 1655957 |
| infectious mechanisms of enteropathogenic bovine coronaviruses. | the primary disease mechanism in infections of calves with enteropathogenic bovine coronaviruses (bcv) involves cytocidal interaction with differentiated enterocytes. cytopathic expression of bcv infection of cultured cells depends on the viral strain and the cell type. bcv-induced cell fusion occurred under neutral or alkaline but not acidic conditions. lysosomotropic bases did not significantly reduce virus yield, suggesting that productive bcv infection was not mediated by endocytosis but rat ... | 1991 | 1656930 |
| coronavirus as an agent of neonatal calf diarrhea in a chinese dairy cattle farm. | neonatal calf diarrhea is a significant health problem in dairy industry in the whole world. although the aetiological agents of neonatal diarrhea are diverse, it is obvious that viruses play an important role. one of them is bovine coronavirus (bcv). since bcv was discovered (mebus et al., 1969), there have been many published reports describing the virus and its importance in calves. in china, we first investigated the seroepidemiological status of bcv infections in cattle (yao et al., 1990). ... | 1991 | 1659068 |
| detection of rodent coronaviruses in tissues and cell cultures by using polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed for the detection of rodent coronaviruses in biological material by using reverse transcriptase and two primers which flanked an m gene sequence of 375 bp. pcr detected all of 11 different strains of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) as well as rat sialodacryoadenitis virus but not bovine coronavirus or human coronavirus strains oc43 and 229e. the m gene sequences of bovine coronavirus and human coronavirus oc43 are homologous to that of mhv, but ... | 1991 | 1661745 |
| genomic relationship between turkey and bovine enteric coronaviruses identified by hybridization with bcv or tcv specific cdna probes. | genomic relationships between turkey and bovine coronavirus (tcv and bcv), which are currently placed in distinct antigenic groups, were demonstrated by hybridization using specific cdna probes. bcv-specific recombinant plasmid probes p 52, p 27, and p 247, holding inserts derived from (probably nonstructural) genes, and plasmids pn 17 and pn 9 holding the n and m gene, respectively, permitted the detection of isolates of both bcv and tcv with similar sensitivities. similarly, probing supernatan ... | 1991 | 1662038 |
| transmissible enteritis of turkeys: experimental inoculation studies with tissue-culture-adapted turkey and bovine coronaviruses. | four quebec isolates of turkey enteric coronaviruses (tcvs) and three isolates of bovine enteric coronaviruses (bcvs) were serially propagated in hrt-18 and compared for their pathogenicity in turkey embryos and turkey poults. by immunoelectron microscopy, hemagglutination-inhibition, and western immunoblotting assays, tissue-culture-adapted quebec tcv isolates were found to be closely related to the reference minnesota strain of tcv and the mebus strain of bcv. genomic relationships between tcv ... | 1991 | 1664719 |
| bovine coronavirus as the causative agent of winter dysentery: serological evidence. | sera from 9 dairy herds with epizootic enteritis (winter dysentery) were examined for antibodies to bovine coronavirus (bcv) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). cows in 8 of the 9 herds seroconverted to bcv alone, while the animals in the ninth herd, which showed severe symptoms of the disease, seroconverted both to bcv and bvdv. the bcv antibodies, which were present in high titres 1 year postinfection, were transferred to the offspring via the colostrum and were then detectable in sera of ... | 1991 | 1666489 |
| analysis of the s spike (peplomer) glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus synthesized in insect cells. | the bovine coronavirus (bcv) spike glycoprotein precursor (s, formerly termed peplomer) and its two subunit polypeptides (s1 and s2) were individually expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells. each recombinant baculovirus expressed both glycosylated (s, 170k; s1, 95k; s2, 80k) and unglycosylated (s0, 140k; s10, 75k; and s20, 65k) forms of bcv spike polypeptides in sf9 cells. the mature 95k s1 polypeptide was secreted whereas the s and s2 polypeptides remained cell-associated. the s ... | 1990 | 1699351 |
| sequence and analysis of becv f15 matrix protein. | clones from the bovine enteric coronavirus (f15) cdna library were cloned in pbr322 and sequenced by the method of sanger and coulson. this led to the identification of a sequence of 1,300 bases which contained a single open reading frame of 690 bases yielding a protein having properties of the matrix protein (m). it was comprised of 230 amino acids with a molecular weight of 26,376 da. it was hydrophobic and had a net charge of +8 at neutral ph. analysis of its secondary structure could not est ... | 1990 | 1706882 |
| horizontal transmission of hepatitis b virus amongst british 2nd world war soldiers in south-east asia. | infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is much more common in tropical than in temperate countries. visitors to the tropics are thus at risk from hbv, though the degree of risk, and the routes of infection involved are uncertain. we report serological markers of hbv in two groups of 2nd world war soldiers, who served in the thai/burma jungles. the groups comprised 100 ex-prisoners of the japanese (pow), and 100 burma campaign veterans (bcv). surface antigen to hbv (hbsag) was positive in 0% of p ... | 1991 | 1711690 |
| topological and functional analysis of epitopes on the s(e2) and he(e3) glycoproteins of bovine enteric coronavirus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were selected which reacted with bovine enteric coronavirus s and he. mabs to s were used to identify 2 cleavage products of s, s/gp105 and s/gp90. monoclonals to s/gp105 and he neutralised the virus; only mabs to the latter inhibited haemagglutination and acetyl-esterase activity. topological distribution of epitopes was studied on these 3 glycoproteins by means of competition binding experiments. two independent epitopes were characterised on he, 4 on s/gp105, and ... | 1990 | 1715659 |
| sequence analysis of the 3' end (8740 nucleotides) of becv genome; comparison with homologous mhv nucleotide sequence. | | 1990 | 1715665 |
| the hemagglutinin/esterase gene of human coronavirus strain oc43: phylogenetic relationships to bovine and murine coronaviruses and influenza c virus. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin/esterase (he) genes of human coronavirus (hcv) strain oc43 and bovine respiratory coronavirus (brcv) strain g95 were determined from single-stranded cdna fragments generated by reverse transcription of virus-specific mrnas and amplified by polymerase chain reaction. an open reading frame of 1272 nucleotides was identified as the putative he gene by homology to the bovine coronavirus he gene. this open reading frame encodes a protein of 424 a ... | 1992 | 1727608 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against the kakegawa strain of bovine coronavirus and their characterization. | | 1991 | 1830770 |
| bovine coronavirus nonstructural protein ns2 is a phosphoprotein. | to investigate the nature of the bovine coronavirus (bcv) ns2 protein, the gene encoding this protein was cloned and was expressed as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein. antiserum raised against this protein reacted specifically with bcv-infected fixed cells in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and precipitated an in vitro synthesized product approximately 32-kda in molecular weight and an equivalent protein from bcv-infected cells. the synthesis of ns2 was found to be similar to the struc ... | 1991 | 1833877 |
| sequence analysis of the turkey enteric coronavirus nucleocapsid and membrane protein genes: a close genomic relationship with bovine coronavirus. | the 3' end of the turkey coronavirus (tcv) genome and the gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein (n) were cloned and sequenced. the gene encoding the membrane protein (m) was obtained by cloning a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified fragment obtained using bovine coronavirus (bcv)-specific primers. furthermore, five tcv dna fragments, obtained by pcr on rna from clinical specimens and corresponding to either the n terminus of the m protein or the complete m protein were also cloned and seq ... | 1991 | 1856695 |
| the s protein of bovine coronavirus is a hemagglutinin recognizing 9-o-acetylated sialic acid as a receptor determinant. | the s protein of bovine coronavirus (bcv) has been isolated from the viral membrane and purified by gradient centrifugation. purified s protein was identified as a viral hemagglutinin. inactivation of the cellular receptors by sialate 9-o-acetylesterase and generation of receptors by sialylation of erythrocytes with n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2) indicate that s protein recognizes 9-o-acetylated sialic acid as a receptor determinant as has been shown previously for intact virions ... | 1991 | 1920630 |
| the 5' end of coronavirus minus-strand rnas contains a short poly(u) tract. | a radiolabeled oligodeoxynucleotide primer that anneals near the common 5' end of bovine coronavirus minus-strand rnas was extended with reverse transcriptase, and a major product suggesting poly(u) tracts of 8 to 20 nucleotides was found. the extended primer molecules were ligated head to tail, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced, and poly(u) tracts of 9 to 26 nucleotides were found. poly(a) tails of 100 to 130 nucleotides on the 3' end of coronavirus plus-strand m ... | 1991 | 1920635 |
| 9-o-acetylated sialic acid, a receptor determinant for influenza c virus and coronaviruses. | influenza c virus and a group of coronaviruses, a typical representative of which is bovine coronavirus, use the same strategy for binding to cells. surface components containing 9-o-acetylated sialic acid are recognized as cellular receptors by these viruses. in addition to the receptor determinant both virus groups have a receptor-destroying enzyme in common, which has been identified as a sialate 9-o-acetylesterase. differences are, however, found in the distribution of these activities on th ... | 1991 | 1930096 |
| monoclonal antibodies differentiate between the haemagglutinating and the receptor-destroying activities of bovine coronavirus. | a relatively simple and sensitive method is described which enables the effect of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) on the receptor-destroying enzyme (rde) and the haemagglutination (ha) activity of bovine coronavirus (bcv) to be analysed in one assay. a lysate of hrt-18 cells infected with the l9 strain of bcv was found to have a higher rde:ha ratio than purified virus. at 4 degrees c the lysate induced an ha pattern which completely disappeared upon raising of the temperature to 37 degrees c. this ... | 1991 | 1940870 |
| the hemagglutinin/esterase glycoprotein of bovine coronaviruses: sequence and functional comparisons between virulent and avirulent strains. | the entire nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin/esterase (he) genes specified by the highly virulent strain ly138 and the avirulent strain l9 of bovine coronavirus (bcv) were determined. these sequences were compared with recently published sequences of the he genes of the quebec and mebus strains. a large open reading frame of 1272 nt encoding a protein of 424 amino acid residues was predicted. the putative esterase active site was conserved in the virulent and avirulent bcv strains, indic ... | 1991 | 1962455 |
| a comparison of bovine coronavirus strains using monoclonal antibodies. | eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against a bovine coronavirus (b.c.v.) which had been isolated in scotland and was designated s2. the mabs were divided into two groups on the basis of their reactions with s2 virus in indirect immunofluorescence (i.f.), neutralisation and haemagglutination inhibition (h.a.i.) tests. five of the mabs were positive by all three tests but failed to bind to proteins in western immunoblotting experiments. the remaining three mabs were positive in i.f. te ... | 1990 | 1966439 |
| isolated he-protein from hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and bovine coronavirus has receptor-destroying and receptor-binding activity. | bovine coronavirus (bcv) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) from swine were found to grow to high titers in mdck i cells, a subline of madin darby canine kidney cells. virus grown in these cells was used to isolate and purify the he-protein. this protein has been shown recently to have acetylesterase activity and to function as the receptor-destroying enzyme of bcv. here we show that hev contains this enzyme, too. the glycoproteins were solubilized by treatment of virions with oc ... | 1991 | 1984649 |
| the s2 subunit of the spike glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus mediates membrane fusion in insect cells. | the hemagglutinin/esterase (he), spike precursor (s) and the s1 and s2 subunits of the spike precursor protein of bovine coronavirus were expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells, and the cell-fusing activity of each recombinant glycoprotein was examined. extensive syncytia formation was observed in cells infected with the s2 recombinant but not with the he or s1 recombinant baculoviruses. fusion of sf9 cells expressing the intact s protein precursor was evident after trypsin treatment. th ... | 1991 | 1984658 |
| comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the s genes specified by virulent and avirulent strains of bovine coronaviruses. | the entire nucleotide sequences of the spike glycoprotein (s) genes of the highly virulent bovine coronavirus (bcv) strain bcv-ly138, the avirulent bcv-l9 and related norden vaccine (bcv-vaccine) strains were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify cdnas obtained by reverse transcription of viral rna, and to produce single strand cdnas for dna sequencing. the s gene sequences of these viral strains were compared with those of recently published strains bcv-mebus, bcv-queb ... | 1991 | 2053289 |
| comparison of bovine coronavirus (bcv) antigens: monoclonal antibodies to the spike glycoprotein distinguish between vaccine and wild-type strains. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against two major structural proteins of the cell-adapted mebus strain of bovine coronavirus (bcv-l9) were produced and characterized. seven mabs reacted with the peplomeric glycoprotein, gp 100/s, while three mabs reacted with the nucleoprotein p53/n in western blot analysis of bcv polypeptides. mabs to gp 100/s reacted with discontinuous epitopes of gp 100/s in westerns under mild but not under standard denaturing conditions. in contrast, mabs to p53/n reacted in b ... | 1991 | 2053295 |
| structural analysis of the conformational domains involved in neutralization of bovine coronavirus using deletion mutants of the spike glycoprotein s1 subunit expressed by recombinant baculoviruses. | two conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes, a and b, have been mapped to the s1 subunit of the s spike glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus (bcv). in order to characterize the structure of these antigenic sites, we constructed a series of cdna clones encoding deleted or truncated s1 derivatives and expressed the modified genes in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes a and b recognized only the mutant s1 polypeptides containing amino ac ... | 1991 | 2053298 |
| the haemagglutinin of bovine coronavirus exhibits significant similarity to the haemagglutinin of type c influenza virus. | | 1990 | 2103095 |
| differential reactivity of bovine coronavirus (bcv) and influenza c virus with n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2)-containing receptors. | | 1990 | 2103097 |
| analysis of different probe-labeling systems for detection by hybridization of bovine coronavirus. | | 1990 | 2103101 |
| structure and expression of the bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin protein. | | 1990 | 2103108 |
| sequence and expression analysis of potential nonstructural proteins of 4.9, 4.8, 12.7, and 9.5 kda encoded between the spike and membrane protein genes of the bovine coronavirus. | the nucleotide sequence between the spike and membrane protein genes in the bovine coronavirus (bcv) genome was determined by sequencing cdna clones of the genome, and open reading frames potentially encoding proteins of 4.9, 4.8, 12.7, and 9.5 kda, in that order, were identified. the 4.9- and 4.8-kda proteins appear to be vestiges of an 11-kda protein for which a single nucleotide deletion event in the central part of the gene gave rise to a stop codon. the consensus cyaaac sequence precedes th ... | 1990 | 2142556 |
| primary structure of the s peplomer gene of bovine coronavirus and surface expression in insect cells. | the nucleotide sequence of the s peplomer gene of bovine coronavirus (bcv) has been determined. a single open reading frame of 4089 nucleotides encodes a polypeptide of 150k with 20 potential sites for addition of n-linked oligosaccharides. expression of the cloned bcv s gene by a recombinant of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus resulted in production of a 180k glycosylated polypeptide which was transported to the surface of the cell. comparison of the bcv s gene with the analogo ... | 1990 | 2155283 |
| nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein s gene of bovine enteric coronavirus and comparison with the s proteins of two mouse hepatitis virus strains. | the gene encoding the spike glycoprotein (s) of bovine enteric coronavirus (becv) was cloned and its complete sequence of 4092 nucleotides was determined. this sequence contained a single long open reading frame with a coding capacity of 1363 amino acids (mr 150,747). the predicted protein had 19 n-glycosylation sites. a signal sequence comprising 17 amino acids was observed starting from the first methionine residue. a potential peptidase cleavage site was located between amino acids 763 and 76 ... | 1990 | 2155300 |
| antigenic and genomic relationships among turkey and bovine enteric coronaviruses. | antigenic and genomic relationships among tissue culture-adapted turkey enteric coronavirus (tcv) isolates, three strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and mammalian coronaviruses were investigated. immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments using polyclonal antisera showed that the four major structural proteins of tcv cross-reacted with the four homologous proteins of bovine enteric coronavirus (bcv), the n and m proteins of mouse hepatitis virus serotype 3, and the n pro ... | 1990 | 2159566 |
| a longitudinal study of bovine coronavirus enteric and respiratory infections in dairy calves in two herds in ohio. | this prospective longitudinal study examined the epidemiology and disease syndrome associated with bovine coronavirus (bcv) infections in a cohort of 8 conventional calves from 0 to 120 days of age, in two dairy herds in ohio. the periods of respiratory shedding of bcv were determined by direct immunofluorescent (dif) staining of nasal epithelial cells and elisa of nasal swab supernatant fluids. the periods of fecal shedding of bcv were determined by elisa and immunoelectron microscopy (iem). th ... | 1990 | 2162099 |
| cell culture propagation of a coronavirus isolated from cows with winter dysentery. | fecal filtrates from cows with winter dysentery were inoculated into gnotobiotic and conventional calves, and a coronavirus was isolated from calf feces. cytopathic effects were observed on human rectal tumor cells but not bovine cell cultures. the winter dysentery isolates morphologically and antigenically resembled the mebus strain of bovine coronavirus. | 1990 | 2166085 |
| a review of evidence implicating bovine coronavirus in the etiology of winter dysentery in cows: an enigma resolved? | | 1990 | 2170075 |
| susceptibility of laboratory mice to intranasal and contact infection with coronaviruses of other species. | the susceptibility of laboratory mice to intranasal and contact infection with mouse hepatitis virus (mhv)-related coronaviruses was tested in infant cd1 mice. one day old mouse pups were inoculated intranasally with respiratory mhv-s, enteric mhv-y, rat sialodacryoadenitis virus (sdav), human coronavirus oc43 (hcv-oc43) or bovine coronavirus (bcv). twenty-four hours later, they were placed in direct contact with age matched sham inoculated pups. indices of infection in virus inoculated mice inc ... | 1990 | 2170746 |
| initial events in bovine coronavirus infection: analysis through immunogold probes and lysosomotropic inhibitors. | the early events in the infection of human rectal tumor cells by bovine coronavirus were investigated by colloidal gold-mediated immunoelectron microscopy and by analysis of the effect of lysosomotropic weak bases on virus yield. electron microscopic studies revealed sites of fusion between the virus envelope and the plasmalemma but fusion events along intracellular membranes were not observed despite extensive searches. virion-antibody-colloidal gold complexes were, in fact, endocytosed by sync ... | 1990 | 2173524 |
| excretion and persistence of bovine coronavirus in neonatal calves. | following oral inoculation, the excretion of a virulent or an attenuated strain of bovine coronavirus in calf feces and their persistence in spiral colon, ileum, and jejunum were studied using hemagglutination and direct fluorescent antibody tests, respectively. the virus was excreted in feces for only 3 days at high titers and then intermittently at low titers. however, viral antigen was detected in crypt or peyer's patches for at least 3 weeks after infection in 1 of 3 calves given virulent vi ... | 1990 | 2174231 |
| expression and secretion of the bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein by insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses. | a cdna fragment representing the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) gene of bovine coronavirus (bcv) was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. infection of insect cells with the recombinant virus resulted in the production of a 120-kilodalton disulfide-linked dimeric form of the bcv he polypeptide. deletion of the carboxy-terminal hydrophobic domain from the he polypeptide resulted in secretion of a dimeric form of the truncated he polypeptide. the acetylesteras ... | 1990 | 2181154 |
| deduced sequence of the bovine coronavirus spike protein and identification of the internal proteolytic cleavage site. | the sequence of the spike (also called peplomer or e2) protein gene of the mebus strain of bovine coronavirus (bcv) was obtained from cdna clones of genomic rna. the gene sequence predicts a 150,825 mol wt apoprotein of 1363 amino acids having an n-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence of 17 amino acids, 19 potential n-linked glycosylation sites, a hydrophobic anchor sequence of approximately 17 amino acids near the c terminus, and a hydrophilic cysteine-rich c terminus of 35 amino acids. an inte ... | 1990 | 2184576 |
| scanning electron microscopic characterization of bovine coronavirus plaques in hrt cells. | the ecology of cytopathic expression of bovine coronavirus (bcv) in hrt-18 cells was analyzed within virus-induced plaques by scanning electron microscopy. virus replication was cytocidal for many hrt-18 cells, a function enhanced in the presence of trypsin. a monolayer of cells remained that imparted a characteristic turbidity to the plaque. these structurally normal, lysis-resistant cells did not stain with fluorescent antibodies specific for bcv antigens, failed to adsorb virus particles or m ... | 1990 | 2220183 |
| bovine coronavirus antigen in the host cell plasmalemma. | expression of bovine coronavirus (bcv) antigen in the plasmalemma of epithelioid human rectal tumor (hrt-18) and fibroblastic bovine fetal spleen (bfs) cell lines was traced by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy facilitated by colloidal gold. cytoplasmic fluorescence was first observed at 12 hr postinfection (h.p.i) in infected hrt-18 cultures. this fluorescence coincided with the appearance of cell surface antigen reacting with colloidal gold-labeled antibodies to bcv antigens. at ... | 1990 | 2261945 |
| polymerase chain reaction for probe synthesis and for direct amplification in detection of bovine coronavirus. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to synthesize ds and ss probes for the detection of bovine coronavirus (bcv) using recombinant plasmids as template molecules. the ds probes detected a minimum of about 2 x 10(5) viral genomes after exposure for 1 h, a detection limit similar to nick-translated probes after exposure of the films for 60 h. more than 8 h exposure to blots probed with these ds probes resulted in complete darkening of the film. the ss probes, synthesized by asymmetric pcr ... | 1990 | 2266145 |
| structure and orientation of expressed bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase protein. | the sequence of the hemagglutinin-esterase (he) gene for the mebus strain of bovine coronavirus was obtained from cdna clones, and its deduced product is a 47,700-kilodalton apoprotein of 424 amino acids. expression of the he protein in vitro in the presence of microsomes revealed n-terminal signal peptide cleavage and c-terminal anchorage but not disulfide-linked dimerization. dimerization was observed only after expression in vivo, during which he was also transported to the cell surface. | 1990 | 2319653 |
| nucleotide sequence of the bovine enteric coronavirus becv f15 mrna 5 and mrna 6 unique regions. | | 1990 | 2320429 |
| detection of bovine enteric coronavirus in clinical specimens by hybridization with cdna probes. | molecular hybridization, previously optimized for purified bovine coronavirus (bcv), was adapted for detection of virus in clinical specimens. for this purpose, the accuracy of the existing tests had to be improved and suitable means for removal of extraneous molecules had to be established. six radioactive probes were used to obtain adequate detection signals. these probes, containing the complete n and e1 gene sequences and other sequences, hybridized to about 1/4 of the total length of the vi ... | 1990 | 2366761 |
| bovine coronavirus mrna replication continues throughout persistent infection in cell culture. | the existence of viral mrna replicons was demonstrated in cells infected with the bovine coronavirus by showing a minus-strand counterpart and a corresponding replicative intermediate for each subgenomic mrna species. mrna replication is thus a universal property of coronaviruses, since this is now the third coronavirus for which it has been demonstrated. during the acute phase of infection (first 48 h), minus and plus strands accumulated at the same rate initially, but maximal accumulation of m ... | 1990 | 2384915 |
| hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus attaches to n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid-containing receptors on erythrocytes: comparison with bovine coronavirus and influenza c virus. | the receptors for the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev, a porcine coronavirus) on chicken erythrocytes were analyzed and compared to the receptors for bovine coronavirus (bcv) and influenza c virus. evidence was obtained that hev requires the presence of n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2) on the cell surface for agglutination of erythrocytes as has been previously shown for bcv and influenza c virus: (i) incubation of red blood cells with sialate 9-o-acetylesterase, the ... | 1990 | 2385959 |
| primary structure of the s peplomer gene of bovine coronavirus and surface expression in insect cells. | | 1990 | 2391506 |
| metabolism and mode of action of (r)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine in herpes simplex virus-infected vero cells. | the metabolism and mode of action of the anti-herpes compound buciclovir [r)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-guanine, bcv) has been studied in herpes simplex virus-infected and uninfected vero cells. in uninfected cells, a low and constant concentration of intracellular bcv was found, while in herpes simplex virus-infected cells, an increasing concentration of bcv phosphates was found due to metabolic trapping. the major phosphorylation product was bcv triphosphate (bcvtp) which was 92% of the total amou ... | 1986 | 2418021 |
| monoclonal antibodies to bovine coronavirus: characteristics and topographical mapping of neutralizing epitopes on the e2 and e3 glycoproteins. | monoclonal antibodies to the quebec isolate of bovine coronavirus were produced and characterized. monoclonal antibodies to both the e2 and the e3 glycoproteins were found to efficiently neutralize virus in vitro. none of the monoclonal antibodies directed against the e1 glycoprotein neutralized virus infectivity. neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the e2 glycoprotein were all found to immunoprecipitate gp190, gp100, and their intracellular precursor protein gp170. neutralizing monoclonal ant ... | 1987 | 2446421 |
| structural proteins of bovine coronavirus strain l 9: effects of the host cell and trypsin treatment. | the polypeptide profile of the cell-adapted strain of bovine coronavirus (mebus bcv-l 9) is remarkably affected by the host cell and trypsin. we compared the structural proteins of virus purified from different cell lines and found cell-dependent differences in the virus structure. bcv was purified from four clones of human rectal tumour cells (hrt-18): 3f3, d2, 3e3, and 4b3. the structural profiles of bcv propagated in clones 3e3 and 3f3 were identical, consisting of proteins with molecular wei ... | 1988 | 2463821 |
| mapping of neutralizing epitopes to fragments of the bovine coronavirus e2 protein by proteolysis of antigen-antibody complexes. | neutralizing antigenic domains on bovine coronavirus gp100/e2 were mapped to fragments of this protein by proteolytic cleavage and fragment analysis. the procedure involved analysis of fragments generated after incubation of e2-monoclonal antibody complexes with various proteases. the smallest antibody-bound fragments obtained were a 50k fragment following staphylococcus aureus v8 protease and submaxillary protease digestion, and a 37k fragment following trypsin digestion. trypsin also produced ... | 1989 | 2471794 |
| monoclonal antibodies to bovine coronavirus glycoproteins e2 and e3: demonstration of in vivo virus-neutralizing activity. | six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to bovine coronavirus (bcv, quebec isolate) e2 and e3 glycoproteins which were found previously to be neutralizing in vitro were examined for virus-neutralizing activity in vivo. surgically ligated intestinal loops of newborn colostrum-deprived calves were virus-inoculated, mock-infected or inoculated with a mixture of virus and antibody. of the six bcv-specific mabs, four were found to be protective against a virulent field isolate of bcv, as indicated by a redu ... | 1989 | 2471802 |
| low levels of herpes simplex virus thymidine- thymidylate kinase are not limiting for sensitivity to certain antiviral drugs or for latency in a mouse model. | herpes simplex virus mutant kg111 contains a nonsense mutation at codon 44 of the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene and produces low amounts of a truncated tk polypeptide. we tested mutant kg111 and related viruses that specify varying amounts of similar truncated tk polypeptides for their sensitivities to antiviral nucleoside analogs at different temperatures using plaque reduction assays. the results of these assays showed that the nonsense mutation confers high resistance to bromovinyldeoxyuri ... | 1989 | 2536980 |
| development of protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy for detection of bovine coronavirus in calves: comparison with elisa and direct immunofluorescence of nasal epithelial cells. | a protein a-colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy (pag-iem) technique was developed for the detection of bovine coronavirus (bcv) in the feces and nasal secretions of infected calves. feces or nasal swab fluids were incubated sequentially with hyperimmune bovine anti-bovine coronavirus serum and protein a-gold, negatively stained, applied to formvar-coated copper grids and viewed using an electron microscope. the pag-iem method specifically identified bcv particles and possible subviral parti ... | 1989 | 2541532 |
| sequence analysis of nucleocapsid gene and leader rna of human coronavirus oc43. | the nucleotide sequence of the 3'-end of the genomic rna of human coronavirus oc43 (hcv-oc43) was determined from the cdna clones of the intracellular virus-specific mrnas. the nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of the main open reading frame (orf), which represents the nucleocapsid (n) protein, were highly homologous to those of bovine coronavirus (bcv) mebus strain. this orf predicts a protein of 448 amino acids. additional smaller orfs are also present in a different re ... | 1989 | 2541577 |
| characterization of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to bovine enteric coronavirus: establishment of an efficient elisa for antigen detection in feces. | monoclonal antibodies to bovine enteric coronavirus (bec) were produced. additionally, polyclonal antibodies were made in rabbits and guinea pigs and extracted from the yolk of immunized hens. the antibodies were characterized by neutralization test, hemagglutination inhibition test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting. neutralizing antibody titers of polyclonal antisera ranged from 1:1280 to 1:40,000. only one out of 908 hybridoma colonies tested secreted antibodies wit ... | 1989 | 2549679 |