| reverse plaque formation by hog cholera virus of the gpe-strain inducing heterologous interference. | a simple and rapid plaque procedure was developed for the assay of hog cholera virus (hcv) of a particular strain, gpe-, based on its intrinsic interference with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) on the primary swine testicle cells and on an established swine kidney cell line; the procedure is called the reverse plaque formation (rpf) method. the plaques were produced as colonies of hcv-infected cells which were vsv-sensitive, disintegrated cell sheet. these plaques became visible after 15 to 20 ... | 1976 | 61176 |
| genetic factors in the development of chronic active hepatitis. | in 14 of 16 patients with chronic active hepatitis (c.a.h.) who did not have hla antigens b8 and/or b12 an external triggering factor (drug or virus) could be demonstrated at onset of symptoms. in contrast external factors were involved in only 11 of 25 cases of c.a.h. in patients with hla-b8 and/or b12. in the latter group antinuclear antibodies were less common in cases possible triggered by external agents compared with cases in which no such factor was demonstrated. the results suggest that ... | 1977 | 63711 |
| a direct plaque assay for hog cholera virus. | direct plaque formation with representative strains of hog cholera virus (hcv) has been obtained using several pig kidney cell lines under agar overlay. hcv-infected cells appear as hazy plaques when viewed against an indirect light source, and as white plaques after neutral red staining. hcv assay by direct plaque procedure is rapid and convenient and gives infectivity titres identical to the fluorescent focus assay technique. | 1978 | 80444 |
| antigenic relationship of the feline infections peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. | utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. fipv was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. transmissible gastroenteritis virus and fipv were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229e (hcv-229e) and canine coronavirus (ccv). an interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronavirus ... | 1978 | 81044 |
| liver disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. | liver dysfunction was observed in 33% of patients treated by hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. fifty-eight percent of these cases of hepatitis occurred in patients with past or present hbs antigenemia, and 77% of hbsag-positive patients showed evidence of ld. however, during the course of a program conducted from 1969 to 1976 and involving 267 patients, the decrease in the prevalence of hbs antigenemia observed during the last two years did not lead to any reduction in ld incidence. in a ... | 1979 | 115244 |
| [identification of a virus similar to hepatitis b virus in non-a non-b hepatitis]. | hepatitis b virus-like particles (including dane particles) with dna polymerase activity but negative for hbs ag have been identified in non-a, non-b hepatitis sera positive for hc ag. although specifically associated with the particles, hc ag is not a surface antigen of the hepatitis c virus identified here for the first time. the relationship of this agent with hbv seems obvious, and deserves further study. | 1979 | 120782 |
| hepatitis in marmosets. | some species of marmosets are susceptible, not only by parenteral inoculation but also by oral exposure, to human hepatitis a virus present in sera or feces. the stools of animals inoculated parenterally or orally contained fecal antigen during certain times of the incubation period and the early, acute phase of the disease; viruslike particles were present in feces of orally infected animals and such feces were infectious when inoculated into marmosets. the fecal antigen crossreacted both with ... | 1975 | 171953 |
| natural infection of pigs with bovine viral diarrhea virus and its differential diagnosis from hog cholera. | natural infection of pigs with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) through contact with infected cattle has caused problems in diagnosing hog cholera (hc). low cross-reacting serum antibody titers against hc caused by bvdv infection were found in clinically normal pigs as well as those suspected of having hc. bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from specimen tissues and initially identified as hc virus (hcv), using the fluorescent antibody cell culture technique. additional cell cultures, as ... | 1976 | 187565 |
| [reverse plaque formation by hog cholera virus inducing interference with vsv (author's transl)]. | infection of pk15 cells with various strains of hog cholera (hcv, togaviridae) induces a transient refractory state to vsv. the reverse plaque procedure is convenient for hcv titration of virulent, "chronic" and attenuated strains. | 1978 | 205199 |
| comparison of the morphology of three coronaviruses. | the morphology of three coronaviruses, avian infectious bronchitis virus strain connecticut (ibv conn), human coronavirus strain 229e (hcv 229e) and mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (mhv3), were examined by negative staining. significant differences were found in the sizes of the three coronaviruses. furthermore, three types of surface projection of the same lengths, but varying widths and morphology, were observed. both ibv conn and hcv 229e had bulbous projections characteristic of coronaviruses ... | 1979 | 218534 |
| clones of cells from a human embryo lung: their growth and susceptibility to respiratory viruses. | colonies of cells were obtained from human fetal lung tissue and exposed to recently isolated respiratory viruses. there was a considerable variation in the number of rounded cells found in different colonies exposed to rhinovirus types 2 and 9 (rv2 and 9), human coronavirus 229e (hcv), adenovirus type 3 (ad3) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). smaller colonies had more rounded cells than larger colonies. clones were established from 9 out of 11 colonies. they varied in their rate of growth ... | 1979 | 229795 |
| [isolation of a cytolytic strain of hog cholera virus from ib-rs2 cells (author's transl)]. | an infectious agent, able to induce a definite cytopathic effect in pig kidney cell monolayers, was isolated from the ib-rs2 cell line. immunofluorescence, seroneutralization and ultracentrifugation studies have permitted to identify this agent as hog cholera virus (hcv). representative hcv-strains being devoid of pathogenicity in tissue culture, the practical and theoretical interest of such an isolation is discussed. | 1978 | 358888 |
| thermal inactivation of hog cholera virus in ham. | experiments were conducted to determine the temperatures required to inactivate hog cholera virus (hcv) in fresh ham after 1 minute and in cured and processed (canned) ham after 90 minutes. a momentary or "flash" temperature of 71 c for 1 minute caused inactivation of the virus in 15 of 15 cubes (2 cm3) of ham. hog cholera virus was destroyed in 21 of 21 canned hams (weighing 0.91 kg each) when an internal temperature of 65 c was sustained for 90 minutes. pigs were found to be more sensitive tha ... | 1979 | 475124 |
| hog cholera virus : sensitivity to hydrolytic enzymes. | the actions of trypsin and phospholipase c on th infectivity of hog cholera virus (hcv) were studied. inactivation kinetics reveal a marked decrease of the infectivity of hc virus in the presence of these two agents. the particular sensitivity of this virus towards proteolytic action sheds light on certain of its behavior characteristics in the field. virus infectivity seems to be dependent on the integrity of membrane phospholipids. no relation was observed between the rate of inactivation and ... | 1977 | 560170 |
| improved method for the purification of hog cholera virus grown in tissue culture. | a method for purification of hog cholera virus (hcv) is presented. cell-associated virus was extracted from pk15 cells 17 hours p.i. by fluorocarbon treatment. the virus was concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation and partially purified by pelleting on a fluorocarbon cushion. final purification was achieved by rate zonal centrifugation in a 7--35 per cent sucrose gradient. this procedure permits a recovery of approximately 40 per cent of viral infectivity. a specific infectivity of abo ... | 1977 | 560840 |
| blood transusion: use and abuse of blood components. | transfusion of whole blood and some blood components may result in serious or fatal complications, among which hepatitis is most frequent (20,000 to 30,000 cases and 3,000 deaths a year). although hepatitis b virus (hb ag) sometimes is implicated in posttransfusion hepatitis, non-a non-b. virus(es) (hepatitis "c" virus) probably accounts for most posttransfusion hepatitis. half of all blood transfusions may be unnecessary.responsible transfusion practice requires use of appropriate blood compone ... | 1978 | 664642 |
| seroepidemiologic investigations of human hepatitis caused by a, b, and a possible third virus. | seroepidemiologic studies were made of normal subjects in populations in the united states and costa rica and in family outbreaks of hepatitis in costa rica. hepatitis a affected a majority of children of very young age in costa rica, while such experience in persons of high socioeconomic status in the united states did not occur before middle life. persons of low socioeconomic status (paid plasma donors) and residents and attendants of institutions for the mentally retarded showed a far greater ... | 1976 | 967881 |
| [intranuclear virus-like particles in hbsag-and ihxag negative acute hepatitis (hepatitis c?)]. | | 1976 | 995388 |
| sensitivity of an anti-hcv core peptide elisa. | a newly developed antibody assay based on a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids derived from the core region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome was evaluated in serum and plasma panels of (a) 225 haemophiliacs and (b) 44 patients with chronic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis, and in (c) sequential serum samples of 9 patients with transfusion transmitted hcv infection. the new anti-core peptide elisa was compared with the anti-c100 elisa. for confirmation of hcv infection, samples were tested in ... | 1992 | 1279109 |
| [interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis]. | the current state of interferon (ifn) therapy for chronic hepatitis b and c in japan is reviewed. the administration of ifn results in induction of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5as). 2-5as produces 2-5a capable of activating a latent rnaase that degrades viral rna. in patient with chronic hepatitis b, prominent reduction of hbv dna, hbe antigen and hbs antigens is observed, when ifn is administered. however, the replication of hbv starts again after stopping of ifn administration, because ... | 1992 | 1279242 |
| [clinical study on relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis c virus infection in patients with chronic liver disease]. | the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection was investigated. antibody to hepatitis c virus was detected in 88.8% and 87.0% of 240 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis, respectively. a history of blood transfusion was shown in only 21.8% (21/96) of the hcv antibody positive hcc patients. of 196 patients with chronic hepatitis type c and the hcv antibody positive liver cirrhosis, 10 developed hcc during the follow-up period o ... | 1992 | 1279247 |
| [diagnosis of hepatitis c and its future]. | several epitopes of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) have been identified, but the biological and clinical significance of antibodies to each protein is not well understood. core antigens include c-22, jcc, p 0 and cp-9. among epitopes in the non structural (ns) regions, c-33c is in the ns3, c100-3 in the ns3/4, 511 in the ns4 and c825 in the ns5 regions. first generation anti-hcv has c100-3 epitope and second generation anti-hcv consists of three epitopes which are c-22, c-33c and c100-3. in order t ... | 1992 | 1279248 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies in sydney blood donors. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies in the sydney blood donor population. | 1992 | 1279363 |
| risk factors for hepatitis c virus infection in blood donors: a case-control study. | to investigate risk factors for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in sydney blood donors. | 1992 | 1279364 |
| clinical assessment and incidence of hepatitis c rna in 50 consecutive riba-positive volunteer blood donors. | (i) to assess evidence of liver disease in 50 consecutive volunteer blood donors who were anti-hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) antibody positive and who were referred to one hepatologist; (ii) to assay for viral rna in serum in these patients. | 1992 | 1279365 |
| post-transfusion hepatitis c virus infection. | | 1992 | 1279422 |
| diagnosis of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection using an immunodominant chimeric polyprotein to capture circulating antibodies: reevaluation of the role of hcv in liver disease. | structural and nonstructural regions of the hcv-encoded polyprotein have been expressed in recombinant yeast, bacteria, or insect cells and used to capture and measure reactive antibodies circulating in different individuals. the putative nucleocapsid protein (c) and nonstructural proteins 3-5 (ns3-ns5) were found to contain the most immunodominant epitopes. the ns3, ns4, and c regions were expressed in yeast in the form of a fused, chimeric polyprotein (c25) and a capture assay for reactive ant ... | 1992 | 1279666 |
| lack of protective immunity against reinfection with hepatitis c virus. | some individuals infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv) experience multiple episodes of acute hepatitis. it is unclear whether these episodes are due to reinfection with hcv or to reactivation of the original virus infection. markers of viral replication and host immunity were studied in five chimpanzees sequentially inoculated over a period of 3 years with different hcv strains of proven infectivity. each rechallenge of a convalescent chimpanzee with the same or a different hcv strain resulted i ... | 1992 | 1279801 |
| [modern procedures in detecting viral antigens]. | besides serology and virus isolation, assays for the detection of viral antigens or nucleic acids are of increasing importance in routine diagnosis of viral infectious diseases. critical steps, however, are the selection of suitable assays and specimens. with respect to clinical diagnosis, novel ultrasensitive methods for in vitro dna amplification like polymerase chain reaction or ligase chain reaction are of high diagnostic significance e.g. for the demonstration of herpes simplex virus dna in ... | 1992 | 1279902 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody titration in patients with chronic hepatitis c, before and after interferon treatment. | we measured hepatitis c virus antibody titers in 13 patients with chronic hepatitis c to determine whether titration of hepatitis c virus antibody was useful or not, to predict and evaluate the efficacy of interferon (ifn) treatment. during administration of ifn, hepatitis c virus titers declined in all patients. antibody titers performed before treatment as well as just at the end of treatment did not correlate with change of the alanine aminotransferase levels during administration of ifn. ant ... | 1992 | 1279945 |
| detection by western blotting of an antibody to the hepatitis c virus e1 envelope protein in sera of patients with chronic liver disease. | we detected an antibody to hcv envelope protein (e1) in sera of patients with hcv-related chronic liver diseases (20 patients with chronic hepatitis and 5 patients with liver cirrhosis) by western blotting using the fusion protein of e1 envelope protein and beta-galactosidase as an antigen. the antibody to hcv e1 (anti-hcv e1) was detected in 8 (42%) of 19 patients positive for hcv-rna (16 were positive and 3 were negative for antibody to c100-3) and in 1 (17%) of 6 patients negative for hcv-rna ... | 1992 | 1279946 |
| hepatitis c virus seroprevalence in the developmentally disabled. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the principal cause of nonenteric non-a, non-b hepatitis worldwide. while it has been well documented that people with developmental disabilities are at an increased risk for infections with hepatitis b virus, little is known of the prevalence of hcv infection among this population. | 1992 | 1280075 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in patients receiving renal replacement therapy, and in the staff caring for them. | two hundred and forty-three patients receiving renal replacement therapy (rrt) and 20 renal unit staff were tested for antibodies to hepatitis c (hcv). three patients (1.2%) were positive by the first generation test kit, the lowest rate in patients receiving rrt reported in the literature to date. these three, and eight other patients tested positive by the second generation kit, a prevalence rate of 4.5%. anti-hcv antibody positivity was associated with higher mean serum alanine aminotransfera ... | 1992 | 1280095 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus antibodies with new recombinant antigens: assessment in chronic liver diseases. | a new serological assay to detect antibodies against hepatitis c, based on a recombinant protein (bhc10) which incorporates structural and non-structural viral antigens, was tested in 67 healthy subjects and 409 patients with various forms of liver disease. results were compared with the current assay based on the recombinant non-structural viral antigen c100 and with the recently introduced second-generation assay, ortho2. none of the healthy subjects was positive by any of the assays. in patie ... | 1992 | 1280288 |
| detection of hepatitis c viral rna sequences in fresh and paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens of non-a, non-b hepatitis patients. | in this study methods of hcv-rna detection in fresh frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver biopsies are described. of 22 untreated chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis patients and 6 control patients, a plasma sample and part of a liver biopsy were freshly frozen for hepatitis c virus (hcv) cdna-pcr. from 16 of the same non-a, non-b hepatitis patients and from 5 of the same control patients formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue from the same biopsy was available also for hcv cdna- ... | 1992 | 1280289 |
| 5' end-dependent translation initiation of hepatitis c viral rna and the presence of putative positive and negative translational control elements within the 5' untranslated region. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a distant relative of pestiviruses and flaviviruses, but it has a 5' untranslated region (utr) with some features structurally similar to that of picornaviruses. in order to test the role of the 5' utr in controlling the expression of the hcv polyprotein, we fused full-length or deleted versions of the 5' utr of hcv-1 rna to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) mrna to monitor cat activity in vivo. we found: (1) the full-length 5' utr of hcv-1 rna is translationall ... | 1992 | 1280383 |
| detection of antibody to hepatitis c e2/ns1 protein in patients with type c hepatitis. | putative e2/ns1 sequence of hepatitis c virus was expressed in e. coli as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein. approximately 80 kda protein was obtained containing 38 kda e2/ns1 protein. the antibody to this protein was detectable in the same serum from which the sequence was amplified. it was also detectable in none of 7 acute hepatitis, in 2 of 12 chronic persistent hepatitis, in 3 of 25 chronic active hepatitis, and in 2 of 4 cirrhosis. it was detectable in none of 10 normal subject ... | 1992 | 1280430 |
| antigenicity of synthetic peptides derived from c100 protein of hepatitis c virus. | synthetic octapeptides spanning the 119-147 region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) c100 protein were tested on hcv positive sera. the 138-145 region proved to be antigenic and possibly able to avoid undesired cross-reactions. | 1992 | 1280503 |
| localization of hepatitis c virus antigen(s) by immunohistochemistry on fixed-embedded liver tissue. | using two sources of primary antibodies, we immunohistochemically stained hepatitis c virus-related antigen(s) on fixed-embedded liver specimens. these antigens were localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. the results obtained serologically correlated well with immunohistochemistry. | 1992 | 1280504 |
| hcv and blood transfusion. | posttransfusion hepatitis remains a threat to transfusion therapy. testing for increased alt levels has been used in an attempt to reduce this risk. presence of the infectious agent, hepatitis c virus (hcv), appears to be a much more sensitive criterion. stored serum samples from transfusion blood as well as recipients of transfusion were tested by elisa, riba and pcr for the presence of hcv. the results show that riba and pcr are about equally sensitive and are able to detect hcv positivity in ... | 1992 | 1280507 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in austria. | in 12 of 54 (22%) patients with histologically verified hepatocellular carcinoma, antibodies to hepatitis c virus were found. in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma the frequency of anti-hepatitis c virus positivity was similar whether cirrhosis (6 of 22 patients (27%)) was present or not (2 of 15 (13%)). out of 54, 23 patients (43%) were negative both for hepatitis b or c markers. out of 53, 22 (42%) had positive hepatitis b markers, 8 of 22 were hbsag positive. patients with hepatocellular ... | 1992 | 1280509 |
| the natural history of community-acquired hepatitis c in the united states. the sentinel counties chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis study team. | chronic liver disease develops in more than half of patients with post-transfusion hepatitis c, but little is known about the natural history of community-acquired hepatitis c. | 1992 | 1280771 |
| performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for antibodies to hepatitis c virus with two new antigens (c11/c7). | we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system for antibodies to the hepatitis c virus (hcv), using two new recombinant antigens (c11 and c7) derived from the hcv genome. the performance of this elisa system (imucheck hcv ab) was examined. the cv values for both intra-assay precision and reproducibility of identifying hcv antibody in the panel sera ranged from 3.5% to 6.4%. the blood elements in serum and anticoagulants did not interfere in this elisa system. the specificity of ... | 1992 | 1281050 |
| serodiagnosis of hepatitis c in acute and chronic liver disease in southwestern saudi arabia. | the extent of involvement of hepatitis c, as compared to hepatitis a and hepatitis b, virus infection in acute and chronic liver disease in the asir region, southwestern saudi arabia, was assessed in 898 patients hospitalized during the period from june 1990 to november 1991. acute icteric hepatitis cases with severe onset were distinguished by their referral to the fever hospital while cases with milder onset and those with chronic hepatitis were followed at two general hospitals. antibodies to ... | 1992 | 1281239 |
| anti-tola antibody in non-a, non-b chronic liver disease. | we constructed a cdna library against the plasma obtained from the patient with acute exacerbation of non-a, non-b liver cirrhosis, and immunoscreened this library with the sera obtained from the patients with non-a, non-b chronic liver disease. one positive clone lambda 22c containing about 1.2 kb cdna insert was isolated from 10(6) clones. nucleotide sequence determination and subsequent homology search revealed its identity to the tola gene of escherichia coli. anti-tola antibody was detected ... | 1992 | 1281459 |
| antihepatitis c virus status in hepatocellular carcinoma and the influence on clinicopathological findings and operative results. | antihepatitis c virus (hcv) status was investigated in 100 patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) between 1980 and 1989. the clinicopathological findings and operative results, in patients with or without hcv marker, were compared retrospectively. the positivity rate of anti-hcv was 51 per cent. in this group there was a higher mean age, fewer symptoms, raised alanine aminotransferase level, higher 15-min indocyanine green clearance rate and earlier tumour stage compa ... | 1992 | 1281733 |
| tattooing as a risk of hepatitis c virus infection. | the association of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and tattooing was studied in 87 tattooed and 126 tattoo free healthy young men who did not engage in intravenous drug use or multiple sexual activity. antibody against hcv (anti-hcv) was tested in serum specimens by enzyme immunoassay with c100-3, ns3, and core antigens; 11 of the 87 (12.6%) tattooed and 3 of the 126 (2.4%) tattoo free subjects were positive for anti-hcv (odds ratio = 5.9, 95% ci = 1.6-22.0). a relationship was demonstrated by ... | 1992 | 1282147 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody detection by a line immunoassay and (near) full length genomic rna detection by a new rna-capture polymerase chain reaction. | a rapid and simple rna-capture polymerase chain reaction assay (rcpa) for detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) is described. the assay detects specifically the presence of (near) full length genomic rna of hcv by capturing hcv-rna at the 3' terminal end on magnetic beads, followed by cdna synthesis and pcr with 5' end specific primers. sera were obtained from 30 chimpanzees inoculated with non-a, non-b hepatitis material from various sources, 28-122 months after infection. the sera were tested f ... | 1992 | 1282148 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma in senegal. | | 1992 | 1282278 |
| low rate of hepatitis c virus antibodies in blood donors and pregnant women from niger. | | 1992 | 1282279 |
| interferon alpha therapy in patients with chronic type c hepatitis: changes of serum alt, anti-hcv & hcv-rna. | after the discovery of type c hepatitis virus, the studies on this virus are extensively progressing. the treatment of this viral infection is also widely progressing. among many agents, recombinant interferon alpha therapy is generally accepted as an effective single agent. to evaluate the efficacy of interferon and to observe the changes of serum aminotransferase (alt), antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) and hcv ribonucleic acid (hcv-rna), we treated 10 patients with chronic type c hepat ... | 1992 | 1282364 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in patients with various types of liver diseases. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is known to be a major cause of non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) and is thought to be an important causative agent of serious liver disease. recently the role of hcv in the development of various liver disease is suggested. | 1992 | 1282365 |
| [detection of serum antibody against hepatitis c virus in patients with hepatitis and liver diseases]. | antibody against hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was tested in 658 cases of hepatitis and liver diseases with elisa, ninety of these cases were positive, with a total infection rate of 13.68% (90/658). the positive rate of anti-hcv was highest in patients with chronic severe hepatitis (33.78%) and cah accompanied by cirrhosis of liver(31.58%). the infection rate in other types of hepatic diseases in order of frequency was as follows: fulminant hepatitis (18.18%), cah without cirrhosis (15.13%), sub ... | 1992 | 1282451 |
| a preliminary map of epitopes on envelope glycoprotein e1 of hcv strain brescia. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against envelope glycoprotein e1 (gp51-54) of hog cholera virus (hcv) strain brescia have been shown to recognize four different antigenic domains a, b, c and d. epitopes of within domain a have mainly been found conserved among hcv strains, whereas epitopes within domains b, c and d are not conserved. we used transiently expressed hybrid e1 genes of hcv strains brescia and "c" to map the non-conserved epitopes on e1. epitopes in domains b and c are located ... | 1992 | 1282755 |
| antibodies to hepatitis c virus in cuban blood donors. | | 1992 | 1282758 |
| hepatitis c virus more resistant to inactivation than human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1282759 |
| hepatitis c virus. | | 1992 | 1282917 |
| clinical evaluation of a newly established anti-hcv assay for the diagnosis of hepatitis c in japan. | to develop a more dependable method of diagnosing hepatitis c, serum anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) was examined by using a new assay (anti-hcv second generation). the results were compared with those of either the conventional assay (anti-hcv first generation) or hcv-rna analysis. with the first generation assay, anti-hcv was detected in 69% of post-transfusion acute hepatitis (ah), 44% of sporadic ah, 50% of needlestick exposed ah, 72% of chronic hepatitis (ch), 77% of liver cirrhosis (lc) and 8 ... | 1992 | 1283084 |
| improved detection of hepatitis c virus rna by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction with prior reverse transcription of rna into cdna was applied to hepatitis c virus rna detection in human serum samples of different origin. in order to eliminate false negative results, the following steps were optimized: rna extraction, reverse transcription, and oligonucleotide primer selection. we compared different rna extraction methods using guanidinium salt/detergent and proteinase k digestion/phenol extraction, and tested virus particle enrichment with poly ... | 1992 | 1283341 |
| hepatitis c: an update. | the identification of the hepatitis c virus using molecular cloning techniques, besides making the term non-a non-b hepatitis obsolete, enables the development of specific assays for the detection of antibodies in hcv-infected individuals, thus making it possible to obtain sero-epidemiological data of the disease. the carriage of hepatitis c antibody varies worldwide. the disease is most prevalent in intravenous drug abusers or haemophiliacs. parenteral transmission is the most important route o ... | 1992 | 1283440 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in haemodialysis patients. | | 1992 | 1283448 |
| heterosexual transmission of hepatitis c virus in family groups without risk factors. | | 1992 | 1283543 |
| improved diagnosis of chronic hepatitis c virus infection by detection of antibody to multiple epitopes: confirmation by antibody to synthetic oligopeptides. | serum samples from 226 patients covering a wide spectrum of liver disease were tested for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) using both first and second generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. selected sera were also tested by peptide immunoassays, by the four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (riba ii), and for viral genome by the polymerase chain reaction. antibody to c100-3 was detected in 61% of patients with chronic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis and/or 46.5% with presumed nanb- ... | 1992 | 1283751 |
| serum hepatitis c virus (hcv)-rna and response to alpha-interferon in anti-hcv positive chronic hepatitis. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication was assessed before and during alpha-interferon (ifn) treatment in 22 anti-hcv positive patients with posttransfusion or sporadic chronic hepatitis (ch). eleven patients were "responders" and 11 patients "non-responders" to ifn. thirteen anti-hcv negative healthy subjects and five anti-hcv negative patients with autoimmune ch served as controls. serum hcv-rna was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in all untreated anti-hcv positive patients but in ... | 1992 | 1283753 |
| sero-surveillance of transmissible hepatitis b & c viruses in asymptomatic hiv infection in haemophilics. | in a group of 37 haemophilics, 9 (24.3%) were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), while 9 (24.3%) and 10 (27%) were positive for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) respectively. haemophilics who were hiv seropositive had higher prevalence of hbv and hcv. seropositivity for hiv was more in patients with severe haemophilia a who required frequent factor viii replacement. the need for long term surveillance of voluntary blood donors for transfusion associated virus ... | 1992 | 1283980 |
| false positive reaction of heat-inactivated sera in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to hepatitis c virus. | specimens were heated at 56 degrees c or 62 degrees c to analyze the mechanisms of false positive reactions in the ortho enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibody to hepatitis c virus (hcv). the highest correlation was obtained between the difference in hcv antibody titer of 56 degrees c-heated and native sera and igg concentration. monoclonal igg gammopathy sera developed marked increases in the titer by preheating. however, slight increases after preheating were o ... | 1992 | 1284049 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in patients with acute hepatitis b. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was studied using a second-generation elisa test in 121 patients with self-limiting acute hepatitis b, including 63 intravenous drug addicts (ivda). within the first month after the onset of illness, 47.1% of the patients were anti-hcv positive, this figure reaching 52.1% six months later. the prevalence in the sixth month was significantly higher in the ivda (93.6%) than in the non-ivda (6.9%) (p < 0.00001). among the ivda, anti-hcv w ... | 1992 | 1284057 |
| close correlation between hepatitis c virus serology and polymerase chain reaction in chronically infected patients. | to determine whether the persistent presence of antibodies to recombinant antigens of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) corresponds to the presence of hepatitis c virus rna in the same serum, 85 anti-hcv positive patients were studied by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the focus of the research was on patients with chronic hepatitis. eighty- three patients were found to be positive by pcr; only two were negative. in addition, liver biopsies taken from seven patients positive for anti-hcv were sho ... | 1992 | 1284058 |
| anti-hepatitis c virus antibodies amongst italian homo-bisexual males. | the authors report on an anti-hepatitis c virus antibody (hcv ab) prevalence (6.9%) in 622 homo-bisexual males from northern italy, voluntarily attending an hiv and stds screening program in the period 1984-89. the anti-hcv antibody prevalence shows a significant correlation with: i) presence of serological markers for hbv (o.r. = 3.12, 95% c.i. = 1.53-6.52) and hiv (o.r. = 12.09; c.i. = 6.52-22.52) infection; ii) a stable relationship with an anti-hcv antibody positive partner (o.r. = 7.79; 95% ... | 1992 | 1284116 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibody among korean adults. | to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection among korean adults and to present the putative route of hcv transmission among them, serum samples from 4917 adults older than 20 years of age were tested for antibody to hcv (anti-hcv), and histories of blood transfusion and other pertinent information were obtained by self-administered questionnaires. the overall prevalence of anti-hcv was 1.7%; prevalence was 1.4% in subjects with normal levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ast ... | 1992 | 1284374 |
| [hepatitis c virus infection in hemodialysis patients]. | to study whether hcv infection is present in dialysis patients and the status of antibody responses to hcv viremia, 16 patients undergoing hemodialysis were assayed for anti-hcv by elisa and riba. a high incidence of anti-hcv (13/16) was found. all the 16 patients were studied for hcv viremia by 'nested' pcr and 10 were hcv rna positive. altogether 14 were anti-hcv and/or hcv rna positive, which indicates that the incidence of hcv infection is high in hemodialysis patients, at least in some unit ... | 1992 | 1284485 |
| [hepatitis c virus antibodies in patients and the normal population]. | with regard to the controversial issue of a reduction of transfusion-associated infections by non-remunerated donations, epidemiological data on the prevalence of hiv-1, hiv-2 and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are of particular interest in our country. we investigated four sample categories: (1) healthy employees and workers from hamburg; (2) hemodialysis patients; (3) hemato-oncological patients, and (4) blood donors, and tried to differentiate between the three disputed vectors of community-acquired ... | 1992 | 1284688 |
| new-generation riba hepatitis c strip immunoblot assays. | second-generation hepatitis c virus (hcv) elisas are currently in use in europe and have been submitted for approval in the united states. these new assays contain additional antigens from the putative nucleocapsid and ns-3 regions of the hcv genome in addition to the c100-3 antigen present in first-generation elisas. a supplementary test, the second-generation riba hcv strip immunoblot assay (2-riba hcv sia) has also been developed. the strip immunoblot assay uses four recombinant hcv antigens ... | 1992 | 1284698 |
| abbott hcv eia 2nd generation: a new screening assay. | an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against structural and nonstructural domains of the hepatitis c virus (eia-2) was compared to a first generation test (eia-1) that can only detect antibodies against one nonstructural antigen (c100). eia-2 revealed elevated detection rates as assessed in high risk and patient populations as well as lower repeat reactive rates in volunteer blood donors. research test systems proved an increase in apparent specificity. | 1992 | 1284729 |
| [examination of a berlin blood donation branch for antibodies to hepatitis c virus with the anti-hcv test and for circulating hcv-rna using polymerase chain reaction]. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is responsible for the majority of cases of transfusion-related hepatitis. we performed a first-generation anti-hcv eia in 665 repeat and 168 first-time blood donors from berlin. 4.7 and 4.2%, respectively, showed at least one indeterminate or positive result. we further looked for hcv genome in the plasma of 20 donors with reactive anti-hcv-eia doing a polymerase chain reaction (nested pcr). the control group consisted of 20 patients with chronic hepatitis c. the pcr was ... | 1992 | 1284740 |
| [decreasing the risk of post-transfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis by anti-hcv screening]. | in may 1990 a specific enzyme immunoassay (eia) for nanbh was developed by recombinant dna technology which detects antibodies to a virus called hepatitis c virus (hcv). the anti-hcv eia was manufactured by ortho diagnostic systems with recombinant antigens from chiron corp. based on extraction from high infectious titer chimpanzee plasma rna after transcription into cdna. we tested the anti-hcv prevalence of blood donors and hemodialysis patients. the anti-hcv prevalence with the first generati ... | 1992 | 1284760 |
| detection of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in blood donors and their relationship to surrogate markers. | stored serum samples from 7,179 nonselected blood donors were tested for anti-hcv using ortho eia first generation. results were compared to data acquired by anti-hbc testing and alt levels found in routine testing. 24 donors (0.33%) were repeatedly reactive with ortho hcv eia, 230 (3.20%) were anti-hbc-positive and 138 (1.92%) had raised alt levels > or = 36 iu/l. a low correlation was found between hcv antibody screening with eia and surrogate testing. when tested in addition with the abbott h ... | 1992 | 1284765 |
| [hepatitis c virus and renal transplant]. | | 1992 | 1284811 |
| [an etiological study on fulminant viral hepatitis]. | viral markers were studied in 79 cases of viral hepatitis with hepatic failure. the results were shown as follows: 8 cases were positive for anti-hav igm (10.12%); 76 cases positive for hbsag or anti-hbc igm (96.20%) and 41 cases positive for anti-hcv antibodies (51.89%). among those with anti-hcv positive, 35 cases were co-infected with hbv, 5 cases with hav and/or hcv, only one was infected with hcv alone 2 cases were hd-ag positive (2.52%) and one not identified (1.27%). with the reference of ... | 1992 | 1284878 |
| [the clinical usefulness of a new (the second generation) antibody to hepatitis c virus]. | to clarify the clinical usefulness of a second generation antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv-2), we tested the anti-hcv-2 by enzyme immunosorbent assay (imucheck hcv ab) in comparison to the first generation antibody (anti-hcv-1). serum samples were obtained from the patients with acute hepatitis, chronic liver diseases, alcoholic liver disease and autoimmune liver diseases. furthermore, both antibodies were tested in serum samples from individuals in a hyperendemic area of non-a, non-b hep ... | 1992 | 1284913 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus in 1,305 italian multiply transfused thalassaemics: a comparison of first and second generation tests. cooleycare group. | | 1992 | 1284983 |
| hepatitis c virus in pune, india. | | 1992 | 1284987 |
| antibodies to non-structural hepatitis c virus antigens: a link with liver disease activity? | the aim of our study was to evaluate the aetiopathogenetic role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in the genesis of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma and the relationship between presence of circulating antibodies against non-structural hcv antigens and disease activity. | 1992 | 1285245 |
| human antibodies to dengue and yellow fever do not react in diagnostic assays for hepatitis c virus. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a recently described causative agent of the great majority of post-transfusion non a-non b hepatitis and is classified within the flaviviridae family. due to a high prevalence of anti-hcv and other flaviviruses circulating in brazil, such as dengue and yellow fever, we investigated the possibility of serological cross-reactivity between these viruses. different panels of human sera positive for dengue type 1 (9 cases) and type 2 (7 cases) from 6 patients naturally infe ... | 1992 | 1285268 |
| [tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 in hepatitis c virus infection]. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) was determined with elisa in 72 patients with hepatitis c and hepatitis b virus infections. interleukin 6 (il-6) was determined at the same time. tnf and il-6 were significantly increased in patients with hepatitis c virus infections when compared with normal subjects and hepatitis b patients. there was a significant positive correlation between tnf and il-6. it is suggested that increased tnf and il-6 may play an important role in pathogenesis of hepatitis c virus in ... | 1992 | 1286584 |
| acute hepatitis c in haemophiliacs due to "virus-inactivated" clotting factor concentrates. | | 1992 | 1287893 |
| intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoietic tumor in hemoglobin h disease. | we report a chinese patient with hemoglobin h (hb h) disease who developed intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis (emh) 17 years following splenectomy for a blunt abdominal injury. the patient initially presented with extreme hyperbilirubinemia and multiple intrathoracic tumors. hb h disease was diagnosed after investigation, and the marked jaundice, which declined gradually after supportive treatment, was attributed to his chronic hemolysis superimposed on an acute hepatitis c virus infecti ... | 1992 | 1288291 |
| the evolution of hepatitis b virus infection in children with symptomatic aids. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers were determined in 80 children under 5 years of age with hiv symptomatic infection. because of high carrier rate of hepatitis b virus in romania we investigated as control a group of age matched 36 hiv negative children offsprings of hbsag carrier mothers. serological and epidemiological investigations in families of hiv infected children support horizontal nosocomial and not vertical transmission for hiv in contrast with hbv whose perinatal transmission can not b ... | 1992 | 1288642 |
| alpha-interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis c in young patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia. | chronic infection with the hepatitis c virus (hcv) and iron overload are the main causes of chronic liver disease in subjects with homozygous beta-thalassemia (hbt). iron overload can be counteracted by intensive chelation. alpha-interferon reduces viremia and necroinflammation in patients with chronic hcv hepatitis. | 1992 | 1289187 |
| [appearance of antibodies against hepatitis type a virus (hav) in alcoholics]. | in 144 alcoholics--patients of alcoholic outpatient clinic anti-hav antibodies were studied using the commercially available elisa test. anti-hcv antibodies were found in 86% of the alcoholics, and this prevalence was not higher than in the control group. no differences were found in the titre of antibodies against cytomegaly and herpes virus between the subjects with and without anti-hav antibodies which suggests the specificity f the determined anti-hav antibodies. | 1992 | 1295252 |
| [use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the diagnosis of hepatitis c virus infections]. | | 1992 | 1295389 |
| [results of liver examination in drug addicts infected with hiv virus]. | investigations included 52 drug-addicts with asymptomatic hiv virus infection. 8 of them suffered some years ago, from virus hepatitis of type b. physical examinations did not reveal in examined persons any deviations from normal condition except for hepatomegaly. results of liver biochemical investigations remained within normal limits. in each of them one confirmed presence of serological markers of hbv infection and in 35 of them of hcv and in 5 of them in parallel hdv. in all the examined pe ... | 1992 | 1296240 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in blood donors in egypt. | a study was carried out on 90 serum samples from non-professional blood donors to find out the relative prevalence of hbv and hcv among those blood donors. results demonstrated overall positivity rate of 14.4% for anti-hcv by riba test. the percentage of reactive sera was 6% for the age group of 20 to below 30 years, and 37.5% in those aged above 30 years, and this difference was statistically significant. considering the combined reactivity of the tested 90 sera for anti-hbs and anti-hcv, the r ... | 1992 | 1296960 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection in aborigines in taiwan. | in taiwan, the epidemiological status of hcv infection is similar to those observed in other areas of the world, with 1.0% prevalence among adult volunteer blood donors and high prevalences among the high risk groups, by the detection of anti-hcv with synthetic peptide antigens. however, unusually high prevalences, 35.1%, 15.8% and 14.2%, were observed among adult populations in three of the five aboriginal communities. no difference in sex specificity was noted. in 37 (75.0%) of the 48 anti-hcv ... | 1992 | 1297002 |
| new developments in hepatitis c. | since the detection of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in the 1960s and hepatitis a virus in the 1970s, a considerable proportion of infections of (probably viral) hepatitis could not be classified. about 90% of transfusion-related hepatitis was identified as non-a/non-b. in 1988 investigators from the chiron company (usa) detected the non-a, non-b agent and named it hepatitis c virus (hcv). an anti-hcv antibody assay (elisa) and subsequently confirmation tests (immunoblot and polymerase chain reaction) ... | 1992 | 1298054 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among patients with inherited bleeding disorders in newfoundland. | | 1992 | 1299427 |
| [recent advances in laboratory tests for liver diseases]. | many tests for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection have been developed and have proved useful for prevention of post-blood transfusion hepatitis c. however, there are at least 4 genotypes of hcv and the predominant type is different among countries. none of the tests using antigens from one genotype are sensitive in detecting the antibodies against another genotype. more sensitive tests using a more stable part of the hcv rna sequences such as 5'-noncoding region must be developed for clinical use ... | 1992 | 1307630 |
| hepatitis c virus replication. | | 1992 | 1309198 |
| hepatitis c virus replication. | | 1992 | 1309199 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus antibody in the absence of viral rna in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. | to determine whether laboratory findings showing antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in patients with autoimmune hepatitis represent false-positive results and to identify possible explanations for true-positive results in these patients. | 1992 | 1309200 |