| sensitivity of an anti-hcv core peptide elisa. | a newly developed antibody assay based on a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids derived from the core region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome was evaluated in serum and plasma panels of (a) 225 haemophiliacs and (b) 44 patients with chronic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis, and in (c) sequential serum samples of 9 patients with transfusion transmitted hcv infection. the new anti-core peptide elisa was compared with the anti-c100 elisa. for confirmation of hcv infection, samples were tested in ... | 1992 | 1279109 |
| hepatitis c viraemia rebound after "successful" interferon therapy in patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for hepatitis c viral rna (hcv-rna) was used to monitor viraemia levels in six patients at multiple time points before, during, and after interferon therapy for chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh). prior to therapy, serum hcv-rna was detected in all patients at approximately 10(4)-10(5) hcv genomes/ml. hcv viraemia became undetectable within 1 month of commencing interferon in three of the five patients whose alanine aminotransferase (alt) ... | 1992 | 1279110 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies in sydney blood donors. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies in the sydney blood donor population. | 1992 | 1279363 |
| risk factors for hepatitis c virus infection in blood donors: a case-control study. | to investigate risk factors for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in sydney blood donors. | 1992 | 1279364 |
| clinical assessment and incidence of hepatitis c rna in 50 consecutive riba-positive volunteer blood donors. | (i) to assess evidence of liver disease in 50 consecutive volunteer blood donors who were anti-hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) antibody positive and who were referred to one hepatologist; (ii) to assay for viral rna in serum in these patients. | 1992 | 1279365 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c antibodies in patients with clotting disorders in victoria. | | 1992 | 1279366 |
| post-transfusion hepatitis c virus infection. | | 1992 | 1279422 |
| lack of protective immunity against reinfection with hepatitis c virus. | some individuals infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv) experience multiple episodes of acute hepatitis. it is unclear whether these episodes are due to reinfection with hcv or to reactivation of the original virus infection. markers of viral replication and host immunity were studied in five chimpanzees sequentially inoculated over a period of 3 years with different hcv strains of proven infectivity. each rechallenge of a convalescent chimpanzee with the same or a different hcv strain resulted i ... | 1992 | 1279801 |
| [modern procedures in detecting viral antigens]. | besides serology and virus isolation, assays for the detection of viral antigens or nucleic acids are of increasing importance in routine diagnosis of viral infectious diseases. critical steps, however, are the selection of suitable assays and specimens. with respect to clinical diagnosis, novel ultrasensitive methods for in vitro dna amplification like polymerase chain reaction or ligase chain reaction are of high diagnostic significance e.g. for the demonstration of herpes simplex virus dna in ... | 1992 | 1279902 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody titration in patients with chronic hepatitis c, before and after interferon treatment. | we measured hepatitis c virus antibody titers in 13 patients with chronic hepatitis c to determine whether titration of hepatitis c virus antibody was useful or not, to predict and evaluate the efficacy of interferon (ifn) treatment. during administration of ifn, hepatitis c virus titers declined in all patients. antibody titers performed before treatment as well as just at the end of treatment did not correlate with change of the alanine aminotransferase levels during administration of ifn. ant ... | 1992 | 1279945 |
| detection by western blotting of an antibody to the hepatitis c virus e1 envelope protein in sera of patients with chronic liver disease. | we detected an antibody to hcv envelope protein (e1) in sera of patients with hcv-related chronic liver diseases (20 patients with chronic hepatitis and 5 patients with liver cirrhosis) by western blotting using the fusion protein of e1 envelope protein and beta-galactosidase as an antigen. the antibody to hcv e1 (anti-hcv e1) was detected in 8 (42%) of 19 patients positive for hcv-rna (16 were positive and 3 were negative for antibody to c100-3) and in 1 (17%) of 6 patients negative for hcv-rna ... | 1992 | 1279946 |
| hepatitis c virus seroprevalence in the developmentally disabled. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the principal cause of nonenteric non-a, non-b hepatitis worldwide. while it has been well documented that people with developmental disabilities are at an increased risk for infections with hepatitis b virus, little is known of the prevalence of hcv infection among this population. | 1992 | 1280075 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in patients receiving renal replacement therapy, and in the staff caring for them. | two hundred and forty-three patients receiving renal replacement therapy (rrt) and 20 renal unit staff were tested for antibodies to hepatitis c (hcv). three patients (1.2%) were positive by the first generation test kit, the lowest rate in patients receiving rrt reported in the literature to date. these three, and eight other patients tested positive by the second generation kit, a prevalence rate of 4.5%. anti-hcv antibody positivity was associated with higher mean serum alanine aminotransfera ... | 1992 | 1280095 |
| detection of hepatitis c viral rna sequences in fresh and paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens of non-a, non-b hepatitis patients. | in this study methods of hcv-rna detection in fresh frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver biopsies are described. of 22 untreated chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis patients and 6 control patients, a plasma sample and part of a liver biopsy were freshly frozen for hepatitis c virus (hcv) cdna-pcr. from 16 of the same non-a, non-b hepatitis patients and from 5 of the same control patients formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue from the same biopsy was available also for hcv cdna- ... | 1992 | 1280289 |
| 5' end-dependent translation initiation of hepatitis c viral rna and the presence of putative positive and negative translational control elements within the 5' untranslated region. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a distant relative of pestiviruses and flaviviruses, but it has a 5' untranslated region (utr) with some features structurally similar to that of picornaviruses. in order to test the role of the 5' utr in controlling the expression of the hcv polyprotein, we fused full-length or deleted versions of the 5' utr of hcv-1 rna to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) mrna to monitor cat activity in vivo. we found: (1) the full-length 5' utr of hcv-1 rna is translationall ... | 1992 | 1280383 |
| detection of antibody to hepatitis c e2/ns1 protein in patients with type c hepatitis. | putative e2/ns1 sequence of hepatitis c virus was expressed in e. coli as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein. approximately 80 kda protein was obtained containing 38 kda e2/ns1 protein. the antibody to this protein was detectable in the same serum from which the sequence was amplified. it was also detectable in none of 7 acute hepatitis, in 2 of 12 chronic persistent hepatitis, in 3 of 25 chronic active hepatitis, and in 2 of 4 cirrhosis. it was detectable in none of 10 normal subject ... | 1992 | 1280430 |
| antigenicity of synthetic peptides derived from c100 protein of hepatitis c virus. | synthetic octapeptides spanning the 119-147 region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) c100 protein were tested on hcv positive sera. the 138-145 region proved to be antigenic and possibly able to avoid undesired cross-reactions. | 1992 | 1280503 |
| localization of hepatitis c virus antigen(s) by immunohistochemistry on fixed-embedded liver tissue. | using two sources of primary antibodies, we immunohistochemically stained hepatitis c virus-related antigen(s) on fixed-embedded liver specimens. these antigens were localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. the results obtained serologically correlated well with immunohistochemistry. | 1992 | 1280504 |
| identification of hcv-associated antigen(s) in hepatocytes. | hcv-associated antigens (hcag) were localized morphologically using immunofluorescence methods. fluorescence was found in the cytoplasm of individual liver cells or in groups of cells. nuclear fluorescence was not observed. blocking and absorption studies suggest that hcag is related to nucleocapsid or envelope proteins. | 1992 | 1280505 |
| serodiagnosis of hepatitis c in acute and chronic liver disease in southwestern saudi arabia. | the extent of involvement of hepatitis c, as compared to hepatitis a and hepatitis b, virus infection in acute and chronic liver disease in the asir region, southwestern saudi arabia, was assessed in 898 patients hospitalized during the period from june 1990 to november 1991. acute icteric hepatitis cases with severe onset were distinguished by their referral to the fever hospital while cases with milder onset and those with chronic hepatitis were followed at two general hospitals. antibodies to ... | 1992 | 1281239 |
| anti-tola antibody in non-a, non-b chronic liver disease. | we constructed a cdna library against the plasma obtained from the patient with acute exacerbation of non-a, non-b liver cirrhosis, and immunoscreened this library with the sera obtained from the patients with non-a, non-b chronic liver disease. one positive clone lambda 22c containing about 1.2 kb cdna insert was isolated from 10(6) clones. nucleotide sequence determination and subsequent homology search revealed its identity to the tola gene of escherichia coli. anti-tola antibody was detected ... | 1992 | 1281459 |
| the natural history of community-acquired hepatitis c in the united states. the sentinel counties chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis study team. | chronic liver disease develops in more than half of patients with post-transfusion hepatitis c, but little is known about the natural history of community-acquired hepatitis c. | 1992 | 1280771 |
| performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for antibodies to hepatitis c virus with two new antigens (c11/c7). | we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system for antibodies to the hepatitis c virus (hcv), using two new recombinant antigens (c11 and c7) derived from the hcv genome. the performance of this elisa system (imucheck hcv ab) was examined. the cv values for both intra-assay precision and reproducibility of identifying hcv antibody in the panel sera ranged from 3.5% to 6.4%. the blood elements in serum and anticoagulants did not interfere in this elisa system. the specificity of ... | 1992 | 1281050 |
| tattooing as a risk of hepatitis c virus infection. | the association of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and tattooing was studied in 87 tattooed and 126 tattoo free healthy young men who did not engage in intravenous drug use or multiple sexual activity. antibody against hcv (anti-hcv) was tested in serum specimens by enzyme immunoassay with c100-3, ns3, and core antigens; 11 of the 87 (12.6%) tattooed and 3 of the 126 (2.4%) tattoo free subjects were positive for anti-hcv (odds ratio = 5.9, 95% ci = 1.6-22.0). a relationship was demonstrated by ... | 1992 | 1282147 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody detection by a line immunoassay and (near) full length genomic rna detection by a new rna-capture polymerase chain reaction. | a rapid and simple rna-capture polymerase chain reaction assay (rcpa) for detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) is described. the assay detects specifically the presence of (near) full length genomic rna of hcv by capturing hcv-rna at the 3' terminal end on magnetic beads, followed by cdna synthesis and pcr with 5' end specific primers. sera were obtained from 30 chimpanzees inoculated with non-a, non-b hepatitis material from various sources, 28-122 months after infection. the sera were tested f ... | 1992 | 1282148 |
| [liatek hcv: the six-antigen test for confirmation of the presence of anti-hcv antibodies]. | fifty eight anti-hcv repeatable positive (the ubi hcv eia, microelisa test organon teknika) blood donors were tested using liatek-hcv eia (organon teknika). the test was constructed using synthetic polypeptides renders possible to conduct separate investigation antibodies against structural and nonstructural antigens of hcv. in 51/58 (88 per cent) cases was agreement of the results with the ubi test, in 3/58 (5.1 per cent) results were negative, and in 4/58 (6.9 per cent) undetermined. in 90 per ... | 1992 | 1282266 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma in senegal. | | 1992 | 1282278 |
| low rate of hepatitis c virus antibodies in blood donors and pregnant women from niger. | | 1992 | 1282279 |
| interferon alpha therapy in patients with chronic type c hepatitis: changes of serum alt, anti-hcv & hcv-rna. | after the discovery of type c hepatitis virus, the studies on this virus are extensively progressing. the treatment of this viral infection is also widely progressing. among many agents, recombinant interferon alpha therapy is generally accepted as an effective single agent. to evaluate the efficacy of interferon and to observe the changes of serum aminotransferase (alt), antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) and hcv ribonucleic acid (hcv-rna), we treated 10 patients with chronic type c hepat ... | 1992 | 1282364 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in patients with various types of liver diseases. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is known to be a major cause of non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) and is thought to be an important causative agent of serious liver disease. recently the role of hcv in the development of various liver disease is suggested. | 1992 | 1282365 |
| direct pcr amplification of hcv rna from human serum. | | 1992 | 1282434 |
| quantitative hcv rna and effect of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis c. | | 1992 | 1282100 |
| hepatitis c virus more resistant to inactivation than human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1282759 |
| hepatitis c virus. | | 1992 | 1282917 |
| antihepatitis c virus status in hepatocellular carcinoma and the influence on clinicopathological findings and operative results. | antihepatitis c virus (hcv) status was investigated in 100 patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) between 1980 and 1989. the clinicopathological findings and operative results, in patients with or without hcv marker, were compared retrospectively. the positivity rate of anti-hcv was 51 per cent. in this group there was a higher mean age, fewer symptoms, raised alanine aminotransferase level, higher 15-min indocyanine green clearance rate and earlier tumour stage compa ... | 1992 | 1281733 |
| a comparison between one first generation and three second generation anti-hcv elisas: an investigation in high- and low-risk subjects in correlation with recombinant immunoblot assay and polymerase chain reaction. | one first generation assay (manufactured by ortho, test i) and 3 second generation anti-hcv elisas (manufactured by ortho, abbott, and ubi, tests ii-iv) were compared. sera from 4 different sources were used: (1) intravenous drug-users (ivdus, n = 50), (2) blood donors (n = 1055), (3) all clinical samples from one day of routine anti-hcv testing (n = 89), (4) hemodialysis patients previously found negative by test i but clinically suspected to have a hcv infection (n = 11). confirmatory anti-hcv ... | 1992 | 1282130 |
| review of hepatitis c in malaysia. | | 1992 | 1283439 |
| hepatitis c: an update. | the identification of the hepatitis c virus using molecular cloning techniques, besides making the term non-a non-b hepatitis obsolete, enables the development of specific assays for the detection of antibodies in hcv-infected individuals, thus making it possible to obtain sero-epidemiological data of the disease. the carriage of hepatitis c antibody varies worldwide. the disease is most prevalent in intravenous drug abusers or haemophiliacs. parenteral transmission is the most important route o ... | 1992 | 1283440 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c in dialysis patients and transplant recipients with possible routes of transmission. | the prevalence of hepatitis c infection and possible predisposing factors was assessed in a renal unit. of 343 patients at our renal dialysis centre, 37 (10.8%) were anti-hcv positive by a 1st-generation assay (elisa, ortho/chiron) and confirmed positive in 35 (10.2%) with a 2nd-generation test (ubi, new york). anti-hcv positivity was significantly associated with: duration of renal replacement therapy (p < 0.0001); quantity of blood transfused (p < 0.002); duration of hospital haemodialysis (p ... | 1992 | 1283447 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in haemodialysis patients. | | 1992 | 1283448 |
| heterosexual transmission of hepatitis c virus in family groups without risk factors. | | 1992 | 1283543 |
| clinical evaluation of a newly established anti-hcv assay for the diagnosis of hepatitis c in japan. | to develop a more dependable method of diagnosing hepatitis c, serum anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) was examined by using a new assay (anti-hcv second generation). the results were compared with those of either the conventional assay (anti-hcv first generation) or hcv-rna analysis. with the first generation assay, anti-hcv was detected in 69% of post-transfusion acute hepatitis (ah), 44% of sporadic ah, 50% of needlestick exposed ah, 72% of chronic hepatitis (ch), 77% of liver cirrhosis (lc) and 8 ... | 1992 | 1283084 |
| improved detection of hepatitis c virus rna by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction with prior reverse transcription of rna into cdna was applied to hepatitis c virus rna detection in human serum samples of different origin. in order to eliminate false negative results, the following steps were optimized: rna extraction, reverse transcription, and oligonucleotide primer selection. we compared different rna extraction methods using guanidinium salt/detergent and proteinase k digestion/phenol extraction, and tested virus particle enrichment with poly ... | 1992 | 1283341 |
| [prevalence of anti-hcv in the personnel of diverse health centers]. | | 1992 | 1283947 |
| sero-surveillance of transmissible hepatitis b & c viruses in asymptomatic hiv infection in haemophilics. | in a group of 37 haemophilics, 9 (24.3%) were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), while 9 (24.3%) and 10 (27%) were positive for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) respectively. haemophilics who were hiv seropositive had higher prevalence of hbv and hcv. seropositivity for hiv was more in patients with severe haemophilia a who required frequent factor viii replacement. the need for long term surveillance of voluntary blood donors for transfusion associated virus ... | 1992 | 1283980 |
| false positive reaction of heat-inactivated sera in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to hepatitis c virus. | specimens were heated at 56 degrees c or 62 degrees c to analyze the mechanisms of false positive reactions in the ortho enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibody to hepatitis c virus (hcv). the highest correlation was obtained between the difference in hcv antibody titer of 56 degrees c-heated and native sera and igg concentration. monoclonal igg gammopathy sera developed marked increases in the titer by preheating. however, slight increases after preheating were o ... | 1992 | 1284049 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in patients with acute hepatitis b. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was studied using a second-generation elisa test in 121 patients with self-limiting acute hepatitis b, including 63 intravenous drug addicts (ivda). within the first month after the onset of illness, 47.1% of the patients were anti-hcv positive, this figure reaching 52.1% six months later. the prevalence in the sixth month was significantly higher in the ivda (93.6%) than in the non-ivda (6.9%) (p < 0.00001). among the ivda, anti-hcv w ... | 1992 | 1284057 |
| close correlation between hepatitis c virus serology and polymerase chain reaction in chronically infected patients. | to determine whether the persistent presence of antibodies to recombinant antigens of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) corresponds to the presence of hepatitis c virus rna in the same serum, 85 anti-hcv positive patients were studied by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the focus of the research was on patients with chronic hepatitis. eighty- three patients were found to be positive by pcr; only two were negative. in addition, liver biopsies taken from seven patients positive for anti-hcv were sho ... | 1992 | 1284058 |
| [comparative sensitivity of different solid-phase immunoassays for detecting hbsag and anti-hcv in blood]. | the sensitivities of seven methods of enzyme-immunoassay for hbsag detection, as well as of twelve immunoassays for detecting antibody to hcv, were compared, in an attempt to evaluate the need for an official technical validation of such methods prior to its commercialization in spain. significant differences were seen for the sensitivities of these methods, which may influence the proficiency of blood bank screening for hbsag and anti-hcv for preventing cases of post-transfusional viral hepatit ... | 1992 | 1284096 |
| anti-hepatitis c virus antibodies amongst italian homo-bisexual males. | the authors report on an anti-hepatitis c virus antibody (hcv ab) prevalence (6.9%) in 622 homo-bisexual males from northern italy, voluntarily attending an hiv and stds screening program in the period 1984-89. the anti-hcv antibody prevalence shows a significant correlation with: i) presence of serological markers for hbv (o.r. = 3.12, 95% c.i. = 1.53-6.52) and hiv (o.r. = 12.09; c.i. = 6.52-22.52) infection; ii) a stable relationship with an anti-hcv antibody positive partner (o.r. = 7.79; 95% ... | 1992 | 1284116 |
| [anti-hcv antibodies against the structural and nonstructural antigens of hepatitis c in people seropositive in the second generation test]. | forty six anti-hcv repeatable positive (the 2nd generation abbott eia test) adults, among which 26 were blood donors and 19 were patients with chronic hepatitis, were tested using abbott hcv eia supplemental assay. the test renders possible to conduct separate investigation antibodies against structural and nonstructural antigens of hcv. in 44/45 (97.8 per cent) cases was an agreement of the results with the 2nd generation test. in the most of cases (80 per cent) both types of antibodies were pr ... | 1992 | 1284256 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibody among korean adults. | to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection among korean adults and to present the putative route of hcv transmission among them, serum samples from 4917 adults older than 20 years of age were tested for antibody to hcv (anti-hcv), and histories of blood transfusion and other pertinent information were obtained by self-administered questionnaires. the overall prevalence of anti-hcv was 1.7%; prevalence was 1.4% in subjects with normal levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ast ... | 1992 | 1284374 |
| [hepatitis c virus infection in hemodialysis patients]. | to study whether hcv infection is present in dialysis patients and the status of antibody responses to hcv viremia, 16 patients undergoing hemodialysis were assayed for anti-hcv by elisa and riba. a high incidence of anti-hcv (13/16) was found. all the 16 patients were studied for hcv viremia by 'nested' pcr and 10 were hcv rna positive. altogether 14 were anti-hcv and/or hcv rna positive, which indicates that the incidence of hcv infection is high in hemodialysis patients, at least in some unit ... | 1992 | 1284485 |
| [hepatitis c; current developments in diagnosis and therapy]. | | 1992 | 1282675 |
| serum hepatitis c virus (hcv)-rna and response to alpha-interferon in anti-hcv positive chronic hepatitis. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication was assessed before and during alpha-interferon (ifn) treatment in 22 anti-hcv positive patients with posttransfusion or sporadic chronic hepatitis (ch). eleven patients were "responders" and 11 patients "non-responders" to ifn. thirteen anti-hcv negative healthy subjects and five anti-hcv negative patients with autoimmune ch served as controls. serum hcv-rna was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in all untreated anti-hcv positive patients but in ... | 1992 | 1283753 |
| improved diagnosis of chronic hepatitis c virus infection by detection of antibody to multiple epitopes: confirmation by antibody to synthetic oligopeptides. | serum samples from 226 patients covering a wide spectrum of liver disease were tested for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) using both first and second generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. selected sera were also tested by peptide immunoassays, by the four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (riba ii), and for viral genome by the polymerase chain reaction. antibody to c100-3 was detected in 61% of patients with chronic non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis and/or 46.5% with presumed nanb- ... | 1992 | 1283751 |
| [examination of a berlin blood donation branch for antibodies to hepatitis c virus with the anti-hcv test and for circulating hcv-rna using polymerase chain reaction]. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is responsible for the majority of cases of transfusion-related hepatitis. we performed a first-generation anti-hcv eia in 665 repeat and 168 first-time blood donors from berlin. 4.7 and 4.2%, respectively, showed at least one indeterminate or positive result. we further looked for hcv genome in the plasma of 20 donors with reactive anti-hcv-eia doing a polymerase chain reaction (nested pcr). the control group consisted of 20 patients with chronic hepatitis c. the pcr was ... | 1992 | 1284740 |
| [an etiological study on fulminant viral hepatitis]. | viral markers were studied in 79 cases of viral hepatitis with hepatic failure. the results were shown as follows: 8 cases were positive for anti-hav igm (10.12%); 76 cases positive for hbsag or anti-hbc igm (96.20%) and 41 cases positive for anti-hcv antibodies (51.89%). among those with anti-hcv positive, 35 cases were co-infected with hbv, 5 cases with hav and/or hcv, only one was infected with hcv alone 2 cases were hd-ag positive (2.52%) and one not identified (1.27%). with the reference of ... | 1992 | 1284878 |
| [anti-hcv antibodies in i.v. drug-dependent prisoners under serological surveillance for hiv]. | | 1992 | 1284900 |
| [the clinical usefulness of a new (the second generation) antibody to hepatitis c virus]. | to clarify the clinical usefulness of a second generation antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv-2), we tested the anti-hcv-2 by enzyme immunosorbent assay (imucheck hcv ab) in comparison to the first generation antibody (anti-hcv-1). serum samples were obtained from the patients with acute hepatitis, chronic liver diseases, alcoholic liver disease and autoimmune liver diseases. furthermore, both antibodies were tested in serum samples from individuals in a hyperendemic area of non-a, non-b hep ... | 1992 | 1284913 |
| [detection of anti-hcv antibody, anti-gor antibody and autoantibodies in sera of patients with non-a, non-b liver diseases]. | anti-hcv antibody, anti-gor antibody and autoantibodies were measured in sera of 41 patients with non-a, non-b liver diseases. anti-hcv antibody (c100-3) was positive in 73.1% of the patients. on the other hand, anti-gor antibody, rheumatoid factor, anti-ssdna antibody and anti-dsdna antibody was positive in 56%, 26.8%, 12.1% and 2.4% of the patients, respectively. in 70.7% of the patients, at least one of these four antibodies was positive. no relationship was observed in both positive rate and ... | 1992 | 1284916 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus in 1,305 italian multiply transfused thalassaemics: a comparison of first and second generation tests. cooleycare group. | | 1992 | 1284983 |
| hepatitis c virus in pune, india. | | 1992 | 1284987 |
| predictive markers for hepatitis c antibody elisa specificity in australian blood donors. | the hepatitis c antibody reactivity rate in 91,748 blood donors tested using the ortho hcv c-100 elisa system was 0.51%. specificity of elisa positive reactions was measured using a recombinant immunoblot assay (riba). the aim of this study was to identify markers in elisa positive donors which were predictive of a riba positive result. samples from 430 elisa positive donors were tested by the first generation riba, riba-1, which incorporates two hcv peptides c-100 and 5-1-1. fifty-five per cent ... | 1992 | 1285010 |
| specificity and sensitivity of first and second generation anti-hcv elisa in a low prevalence population. | specificity and sensitivity of the second generation enzyme immunosorbent assay for hepatitis c antibodies were calculated from data on 208,554 blood donors screened with either the first or the second generation tests (elisa i, elisa ii) or both (4,639 donors). the second generation elisa was no more specific than the first generation test in this low-prevalence blood donor population (specificity 99.7% vs 99.6%). most of the donors (93.5%) who were found to be reactive using elisa ii were nega ... | 1992 | 1285011 |
| transmission of hcv infection by riba indeterminate and positive blood units. | a retrospective study was carried out on the recipients of 73 units of blood from 53 donors found reactive for anti-hcv. the donors were screened with anti-hcv enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa c-100) and reactivity was confirmed with the first generation recombinant immunoblot assay (riba i). fifty-two patients were recipients of blood from donors reacting as riba i 'indeterminate' and 21 of blood from riba i 'positive' donors. only three recipients (5.8%) from 'indeterminate' donors wer ... | 1992 | 1285012 |
| the discovery of the nanb hepatitis virus by gene technology. | | 1992 | 1284768 |
| [hepatitis c virus and renal transplant]. | | 1992 | 1284811 |
| hepatitis c virus replication. | | 1992 | 1309198 |
| hepatitis c virus replication. | | 1992 | 1309199 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus antibody in the absence of viral rna in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. | to determine whether laboratory findings showing antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in patients with autoimmune hepatitis represent false-positive results and to identify possible explanations for true-positive results in these patients. | 1992 | 1309200 |
| hepatitis c virus infection as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. a case-control study. | to determine whether chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma and whether it increases the cirrhosis-related risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. | 1992 | 1309286 |
| [etiopathogenesis of chronic liver diseases detected and evaluated using immunologic tests]. | | 1992 | 1284850 |
| antibodies to non-structural hepatitis c virus antigens: a link with liver disease activity? | the aim of our study was to evaluate the aetiopathogenetic role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in the genesis of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma and the relationship between presence of circulating antibodies against non-structural hcv antigens and disease activity. | 1992 | 1285245 |
| igm antibody response in acute hepatitis c viral infection. | igm antibody against hepatitis c virus (igm anti-hcv) was measured in serial samples from 15 transfusion recipients in whom posttransfusion chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) developed and three plasmapheresis donors during acute hcv infection using recombinant proteins derived from three immunodominant regions: core, ns-3, and ns-4 (c100). igm anti-hcv core was detected in 13 of 15 posttransfusion patients. nine of these patients had transient, acute-phase igm anti-hcv core detected coincid ... | 1992 | 1309424 |
| prevalence of anti-hepatitis c virus antibodies among patients with alcoholic liver disease, supplemented by 4-riba. | | 1992 | 1309449 |
| hepatitis b virus markers and antibodies to hepatitis c virus in japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. | sera from japanese patients with chronic liver disease were tested for hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers and antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), and the results were correlated to the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. in chronic non-a, non-b liver disease, anti-hcv prevalence was high both in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (78/89, 88%) and without it (66/84, 79%), while previous hbv infection was more common in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (65/89, 73%) than in those w ... | 1992 | 1309450 |
| hepatitis c virus, antibodies, and infectivity. paradox, pragmatism, and policy. | | 1992 | 1309482 |
| human antibodies to dengue and yellow fever do not react in diagnostic assays for hepatitis c virus. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a recently described causative agent of the great majority of post-transfusion non a-non b hepatitis and is classified within the flaviviridae family. due to a high prevalence of anti-hcv and other flaviviruses circulating in brazil, such as dengue and yellow fever, we investigated the possibility of serological cross-reactivity between these viruses. different panels of human sera positive for dengue type 1 (9 cases) and type 2 (7 cases) from 6 patients naturally infe ... | 1992 | 1285268 |
| hepatitis c virus and organ transplantation. | | 1992 | 1309364 |
| importance of primer selection for the detection of hepatitis c virus rna with the polymerase chain reaction assay. | we compared four primer sets from conserved regions of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome for their ability to detect hcv rna in a "nested" cdna polymerase chain reaction assay on sera from 114 anti-hcv antibody-positive individuals from around the world. the different primer sets had equivalent sensitivity, detecting less than 1 chimpanzee id50 (dose that infects 50%) when tested against reference strain h of hcv. we tested equal amounts of rna extracted from the serum of each individual with t ... | 1992 | 1309604 |
| improved detection of hepatitis c virus antibodies in high-risk populations. | sera from 483 patients at high (group 1, n = 313) and lower (group 2, n = 170) risk for exposure to hepatitis c were tested for antibodies to hepatitis c using first-generation (c100-3) and second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay. the second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nitrocellulose-based immunoblot assay differ from c100-3-based systems in the addition of expression products from the ns3/ns4 (c33c, c200) and putati ... | 1992 | 1309365 |
| solvent/detergent-treated plasma: a virus-inactivated substitute for fresh frozen plasma. | fresh frozen plasma (ffp) is prepared in blood banks world-wide as a by-product of red blood cell concentrate preparation. appropriate clinical use is for coagulation factor disorders where appropriate concentrates are unavailable and when multiple coagulation factor deficits occur such as in surgery. viral safety depends on donor selection and screening; thus, there continues to be a small but defined risk of viral transmission comparable with that exhibited by whole blood. we have prepared a v ... | 1992 | 1310064 |
| detection of hepatitis c virus rna in chronic non-a, non-b liver disease. | serum samples were tested for detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna from 156 patients with chronic non-a, non-b liver disease. hcv rna was detected in 121 (93.8%) of 129 patients positive for anti-c100-3 but was also found in 15 (55.6%) of 27 patients negative for anti-c100-3. the rate of positivity for hcv rna was not significantly different among various stages of liver diseases. these results showed that hcv continues to replicate even in advanced liver disease and that it seems to be rela ... | 1992 | 1310084 |
| transmission of hcv by organ transplantation. | | 1992 | 1309597 |
| transmission of hcv by organ transplantation. | | 1992 | 1309598 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus among patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. | many cases of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis cannot be attributed to a known cause and are collectively referred to as cryptogenic chronic liver disease. we have evaluated the role of the hepatitis c virus in the pathogenesis of this condition in a retrospective serum analysis for antibody to hepatitis c virus in 129 patients with cryptogenic liver disease. other causes of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were ruled out by clinical, serum biochemical and serological techniques. all 129 patients ... | 1992 | 1310475 |
| new kit on the block: evaluation of second-generation assays for detection of antibody to the hepatitis c virus. | | 1992 | 1310478 |
| false-positive results of tests for hepatitis c in autoimmune hepatitis. | | 1992 | 1309866 |
| activation of hepatitis c virus following immunosuppressive treatment. | | 1992 | 1310460 |
| seroepidemiology of viral infections among intravenous drug users in northern california. | intravenous drug users are frequently exposed to parenterally transmitted viral infections, and these infections can spread to the general population through sexual activity. we investigated the prevalence of serologic markers for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i/ii (htlv-i/ii), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in intravenous drug users and their sexual contacts. of 585 drug users from northern california tested for these ser ... | 1992 | 1310362 |
| hepatitis c virus testing in african sera. | | 1992 | 1310579 |
| hepatitis c virus antibody secretion in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes. | a recombinant polypeptide corresponding to a virus-specific cdna clone (c100-3) serves as the antigen for a hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody assay. previous investigations have shown an 80% prevalence of hcv antibodies in sera of patients suffering from post-transfusional chronic hepatitis non-a, non-b, but positive results were also obtained for 30 to 70% of sera from patients with chronic hepatitis b or autoimmune hepatitis. in this study we show that hcv antibodies are secreted by peripheral ... | 1992 | 1310703 |
| internal ribosome entry site within hepatitis c virus rna. | the mechanism of initiation of translation on hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna was investigated in vitro. hcv rna was transcribed from the cdna that corresponded to nucleotide positions 9 to 1772 of the genome by using phage t7 rna polymerase. both capped and uncapped rnas thus transcribed were active as mrnas in a cell-free protein synthesis system with lysates prepared from hela s3 cells or rabbit reticulocytes, and the translation products were detected by anti-gp35 antibodies. the data indicate t ... | 1992 | 1310759 |
| high incidence of hepatitis c virus antibodies in hemodialysis patients. | | 1992 | 1310800 |
| clinical backgrounds of the patients having different types of hepatitis c virus genomes. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) genomes were recently detected in biological materials, and variations of nucleotide sequences were reported. in the present study, typing of the hcv genomes was performed in 91 hcv-rna-positive patients and the clinical features of patients with different types of hcv were compared. from the nucleotide sequences of the cdna fragments, hcv can be divided into at least two types: hcv-k1-pt and hcv-k2. all cdnas amplified from 91 patients were hybridized with cdna probes of ... | 1992 | 1310706 |
| expression of processed envelope protein of hepatitis c virus in mammalian and insect cells. | the putative envelope protein of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was expressed in insect cells by using a baculovirus expression vector and in monkey cos cells under the control of exogenous promoters. the expressed envelope proteins, identified by immunoblot analysis using sera from patients with chronic hcv infection, were a series of glycoproteins of 35 to 24 kda (gp35-24) in insect cells and a single species of glycoprotein of 35 kda (gp35) in monkey cells. the size difference of these proteins was ... | 1992 | 1310756 |
| frequency of antibody to hepatitis c virus in asymptomatic hbsag-negative chronic active hepatitis. | to determine the frequency of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in asymptomatic patients with hbsag-negative chronic active hepatitis, sera from 30 consecutive patients with few or no symptoms of liver disease were tested by an enzyme immunoassay. the reactivity of antibodies detected by enzyme immunoassay against hepatitis c virus encoded antigens was determined by recombinant immunoblot assay. antibodies were detected in 11 of the 30 patients (37%) and eight of the seropositive sera (73%) were r ... | 1992 | 1310707 |
| seroprevalence of anti-hcv in an urban child population: a pilot survey in a developing area, cameroon. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the principal agent of non-a, non-b hepatitis and its spread in the community is not well defined. we evaluated the prevalence of anti-hcv (ortho elisa system) in 696 children (4-14 years) in kumba, cameroon. children were selected by systematic random sampling in six primary schools. a seroprevalence of 14.5% (101 children) was found which increased steadily with age. no significant differences were observed with respect to sex or to family size. there was a highly si ... | 1992 | 1311043 |
| [anti-hcv test in patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis]. | our study was designed to evaluate the clinical significance of the elisa-anti-hcv test. 90 patients with histologically proven chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) and a control group consisting of 36 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) were analyzed for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). frozen serum samples were tested with the ortho-hcv-elisa. 67 of 90 (74%) patients with chronic nanbh showed antibodies to the hepatitis c virus. the prevalence of anti-hcv in patients wit ... | 1992 | 1311126 |