| in vitro transmission and propagation of the bovine leukemia virus in monolayer cell cultures. | this study demonstrates that the bovine leukemia virus (blv) can infect in vitro cells of human, simian, bovine, canine, caprine, ovine, and bat origin. cultures of these cells, cocultivated with blv-infected cells or inoculated with cell-free blv preparations, continuoously showed the presence of cells with the internal blv antigen as well as blv-induced syncytia. virus replication was abundant and increased with passage in bat lung cells and was moderate but constant in fetal canine thymus cel ... | 1976 | 61801 |
| studies on the natural occurrence of neutralizing antibodies against six strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | | 1976 | 63200 |
| the reaction of pregnant ewes to inoculation with mucosal disease virus of bovine origin. | | 1975 | 167056 |
| [immunological correlations between 2 strains of mucosal disease virus diarrhea (short report]. | cross-neutralization tests of the c24v strain and the "kotschmar" strain provided evidence that the two strains are serological variants. independenthy of quantitative serological differences, these strains had a better immunizing action in calves against a virulent strain of md/vd virus. this virulent strain evidently formed a third serological variant, because when calves were infected with it, there was a decrease in the serological differences between antibodies. a practical conclusion is th ... | 1975 | 180926 |
| separation and properties of enterovirus and reovirus recovered from a fecal sample of calf with diarrhea. | in april, 1971, a disease with pyrexia and diarrhea as main symptoms broke out collectively among calves. fecal samples were collected from calves involved and inoculated into bovine kidney (bk) cell cultures. as a result, the diarrheal feces of one calf were suspected to contain two agents simultaneously. one agent (c-121 e strain) was isolated from the primary infected bk cell culture fluid by terminal dilution passages. it had been predominant in replication and shown a cytopathic effect whic ... | 1976 | 181679 |
| development of a cell culture line of bovine fetal endometrial cells. | monolayers of bovine fetal endometrial cells were established as primary culture cells within 1 to 2 weeks. after the 2nd passage, these cells were inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus. effects of the virus were observed each day with a light microscope. specific cytopathic effects consisting of degeneration and sloughing of the cells and a well-defined pattern of cytoplasmic vacuolation were observed at 5 days after inoculation. | 1976 | 183575 |
| fetal and adult bovine interferon production during bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | levels of interferon in adult bovine serum and in fetal bovine serum and tissues were examined during the course of transplacental bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. the cows produced circulating interferon between 2 and 9 days after viral inoculation, with mean peak levels in the serum on day 4. interferon could be routinely detected in fetal tissues (e.g., thymus, spleen, and kidney) between days 4 and 21 after viral inoculation of the cows at 149 to 150 days of gestation (mid-second trime ... | 1976 | 184050 |
| a mucosal disease virus infection of the pregnant ewe as a cause of a border disease-like condition. | an experiment was designed to investigate whether a condition in australian sheep with clinical and pathological similarites to border disease was caused by the infection of the pregnant ewe with a mucosal disease virus (mdv). forty ewes, at 58 to 63 days after mating, were inoculated with material from lambs in which all, some or none of the tissues examined contained mdv. the clinical condition was observed only in lambs born to ewes inoculated with mdv-positive material and then only to ewes ... | 1976 | 184774 |
| a mucosal disease virus as a cause of abortion hairy birth coat and unthriftiness in sheep. 1. infiction of pregnant ewes and observations on aborted foetuses and lambs dying before one week of age. | a condition resembling border disease has been transmitted by the inoculation of pregnant ewes with material from affected lambs. forty-nine merino ewes, mated to merino rams 7 to 87 days previously, were inoculated with an homogenate of brain, spinal cord and spleen from affected lambs. mummified foetuses, abortions and stillbirths were observed, and lambs with hairy birth coats were born to ewes inoculated between days 12 to 70 of gestation. a mucosal disease virus (mdv), present in the origin ... | 1976 | 185999 |
| a mucosal disease virus as a cause of abortion, hairy birth coat and unthriftiness in sheep. 2. observations on lambs surviving for longer than seven days. | a condition in australian sheep resembling border disease was transmitted by the inoculation of pregnant ewes with material from affected lambs. this material contained mucosal disease virus (mdv). twenty-two lambs comprising 6 from uninoculated control ewes, together with 11 with hairy coats and 5 with normal coats from inoculated ewes, were observed from 7 to 182 days after birth. nine of the lambs from inoculated ewes died during the experiment from a variety of causes. glial cell abnormaliti ... | 1976 | 186000 |
| mechanism of protection from primary bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. i. the effects of dexamethasone. | a series of investigations was designed to study the role of cellular immunity and passive antibody in protecting neonatal calves from primary bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. administration of corticosteroids (dexamethasone) in doses capable of suppressing cellular immunity markedly potentiated systemic bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in calves which lacked bovine viral diarrhea passive neutralizing antibody. immunosuppressed calves did not form neutralizing antibody to bovine viral ... | 1976 | 187303 |
| natural infection of pigs with bovine viral diarrhea virus and its differential diagnosis from hog cholera. | natural infection of pigs with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) through contact with infected cattle has caused problems in diagnosing hog cholera (hc). low cross-reacting serum antibody titers against hc caused by bvdv infection were found in clinically normal pigs as well as those suspected of having hc. bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from specimen tissues and initially identified as hc virus (hcv), using the fluorescent antibody cell culture technique. additional cell cultures, as ... | 1976 | 187565 |
| tween 80: a marker for differentiation of hog cholera and bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | markers for differentiating hog cholera and bovine viral diarrhea viruses were studied using tween 80, chloroform, trichlorotrifluoroethane and tri (n-butyl) phosphate. attenuated a and virulent ames strains of hog cholera virus were employed. moreover, the nadl pk-15 cell culture adopted strain and low cell culture passaged purdue strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus were used. these viruses were reacted with 2,500 micrograms/ml of tween 80 for one hour at 37 degrees c. when attenuated a and v ... | 1977 | 188531 |
| probable role of viruses in calfhood diseases. | bovine enteroviruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus, rotavirus (formerly called reovirus-like agent), coronavirus-like agent, bovine adenovirus, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus have been isolated from calves suffering from neonatal disease. the experimental disease produced by these viruses is not necessarily severe or fatal, but under farm and ranch conditions, each probably serves as an added to mortality from neonatal disease. after initial losses following the introduction of a virus into a h ... | 1977 | 190279 |
| specific immune tolerance in an apparently healthy bull persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | | 1978 | 203564 |
| differences in pathogenicity and antigenicity among hog cholera virus strains. | using antiserum against a particular strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus, the strains of hog cholera virus were divided into two groups, h and b, on the basis of the difference in the degree of neutralization. group h consisted of strains reacting poorly in neutralization, and group b consisted of strains reacting well with bovine viral diarrhea antiserum. most of the strains of group h induced a typical clinical form of hog cholera in experimentally infected pigs. inoculation of pigs with a s ... | 1977 | 203871 |
| serological studies of mucosal disease virus in england and wales. | a survey of the cattle population in england and wales showed that about 62 per cent of animals had neutralising (sn) antibody to bvd-md virus in their serum. fewer seropositive individuals were detected by immunodiffusion (53 per cent), and complement fixation (cf) tests (34 per cent). the prevalence of antibody was not affected by herd size, but some variation was found between various regions of the country, and the proportion of animals seropositive rose markedly with age. the immunodiffusio ... | 1978 | 203990 |
| maternal immunity to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea viruses: duration and effect on vaccination in young calves. | the immune response to modified live-virus bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) vaccine and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) vaccine was examined in calves that had received passive maternal antibodies to these viruses. blood serum samples from vaccinated and control (nonvaccinated) calves were examined for more than 1 year to determine the rate of decline of passive anti-bvd and anti-ibr antibodies and the effect that vaccination had on these antibody titers. the control calves lost their antibod ... | 1978 | 204233 |
| transmission of a mucosal disease virus infection between sheep. | the transmission of mucosal disease virus (mdv) from infected ewes and their lambs to susceptible sheep was investigated. mdv was recovered from the amniotic fluid of an infected pregnant ewe and from the blood, nasal swabs and urine of hairy lambs. mdv infection was transmitted either at lambing, from infective foetal fluids or lambs, or later as a result of contact with a surviving with a hairy lamb and either aborted or gave birth to an infected hairy lamb. adult sheep and 12-months-old sheep ... | 1977 | 207251 |
| duration of active and colostrum-derived passive antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves. | duration of active and colostrum-derived passive antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus was studied in 14 calves. five calves born with actively induced antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus retained high titers during the year of observation. colostrum-derived antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus in nine calves declined at an expected rate for the first four to six months of age. however, titers of six of these calves increased at five to eight months of age and either remained cons ... | 1978 | 208738 |
| the use of polyethylene glycol in concentration and purification of several bovine viruses. | the polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation method was used for the concentration and purification of eight bovine viruses. good results were obtained from four viruses, parainfluenza--3 virus, bovine enterovirus, bovine adenovirus, and bovine parvovirus. no satisfactory results of concentration were obtained from bovine reovirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. the failure of concentration of the four viruses seems to be ascribed rather to the resuspend ... | 1978 | 211444 |
| isolation of viruses from cultures of bovine endometrial cells. | endometrial cells from the uteri of pregnant and nonpregnant cattle were cultured. the presence of one or both of two viruses, noncytopathic mucosal disease virus and bovine syncytial virus, was demonstrated in seven of 19 endometria investigated. it was necessary to subculture the cells an average of four times to detect the viral infections. difficulties were encountered in producing endometrial cell cultures from cows at term or near the end of term and also from older animals. the infections ... | 1978 | 213504 |
| the distribution of antibodies to border disease virus among sheep in england and wales. | within a sample of the sheep population of england and wales, 10.8 per cent of 3506 individuals had immunodiffusion test antibody to bovine viral diarrhoea mucosal disease virus antigen. there were marked differences between various geographical regions in the proportion of sheep with antibody, and border disease may be more common in some areas than disease records indicate. | 1978 | 214835 |
| reproductive performance of apparently healthy cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a holstein-friesian bull and three holstein-friesian cows were seronegative for bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus but were persistently infected with the virus. virus was isolated from buffy coat cells and nasal and lacrimal secretions during their lifetime, and they remained free of clinical signs of bvd. the three cows were pregnant when purchased, and they gave birth to full-term calves. one calf lived only a few hours, one calf became ill and died within a few days, and one calf became ill a ... | 1979 | 220208 |
| evaluation of acetylethyleneimine-killed bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus (bvd) vaccine for prevention of bvd infection of the fetus. | | 1975 | 220623 |
| detection of three polypeptides in preparations of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | radiolabelled bovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease virus (bvdv) strains nadl and oregon c24v were purified by different steps. following immunoprecipitation, electrophoresis in sds-polyacrylamide gels revealed three bvdv structural polypeptides with molecular weights of 57 (vp1), 44 (vp2), and 34 (vp3) kd. the two larger bvdv polypeptides vp1 and vp2 were found to be glycosylated (gp57, gp44). the data obtained on bvdv structural proteins demonstrate common features with hog cholera virus and ... | 1979 | 222243 |
| suppression of in vitro immunoglobulin biosynthesis in bovine spleen cells by bovine viral diarrhea virus. | | 1979 | 222524 |
| bovine abortion associated with mixed movar 33/63 type herpesvirus and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | a herpesvirus and cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus were isolated from a bovine fetus aborted in the 6th month of gestation. the herpesvirus was serologically indistinguishable from bovine herpesviruses dn-599 and movar 33/63. | 1979 | 222535 |
| [trials to obtain a hyperimmune serum against bovine mucosal disease-virus diarrhea]. | obtained are two types of hyperimmune sera against the virus of the mucous disease--viral diarrhea (md--vd) by means of subcutaneous and venous hyperimmunization of cattle with a live viral suspension: (a) a polyvariant hyperimmune serum, obtained by the use of four local and reference strains of the md--vd virus with a neutralization titre against the nadl strain of 1 : 1280. (b) monovariant hyperimmune serum, prepared by the use of a reference strain of the md--vd virus with a neutralization t ... | 1978 | 223277 |
| serological response of the bovine fetus to bovine viral diarrhea virus. | susceptible pregnant heifers were inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus at 150 days of gestation and earlier. fetuses were surgically collected at selected times after inoculation. serum immunoglobulins were quantitated, and the presence of specific antibodies was determined. in fetuses from heifers inoculated at 150 days, immunoglobulin m (igm) appeared approximately 2 weeks after inoculation and was followed in 7 days by igg1. later igg2 was detected in the sera of three fetuses. serum-n ... | 1979 | 225278 |
| border disease: persistant infection with the virus. | two genetically related sheep that produced border disease-affected lambs from successive pregnancies were identified. these sheep, and some of their progeny, were found to be persistently infected with a virus antigenically related to bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease virus. only one of the sheep developed detectable serum antibody to the virus, and this animal only produced it 12 months after being detected as infected. the epidemiological significance of sheep persistently infected with ... | 1979 | 225856 |
| the indirect fluorescent antibody technique as a method for detecting antibodies in aborted fetuses. | in this investigation the indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to titrate antibodies in bovine sera to parainfluenza 3, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. these results were compared to those determined on the same samples by hemagglutination inhibition for parainfluenza 3 virus and serum neutralization for bovine virus diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. the results of the serological methods agreed closely. the indirect fluore ... | 1979 | 226243 |
| depression of bovine monocyte chemotactic responses by bovine viral diarrhea virus. | incubation of bovine peripheral blood monocytes with bovine viral diarrhea virus (either singer or ny-1 strain) caused a consistent, statistically significant decrease in their random locomotion (no chemoattractant) and chemotaxis towards a chemotactic lymphokine. chemotaxis was determined by a modification of the boyden method. incubation of bovine viral diarrhea virus with mononuclear cells depressed chemotaxis by a mean of 56% (p less than 0.0005). heat-killed virus had no effect on monocyte ... | 1979 | 226479 |
| the prevalence of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease virus in african wildlife. | | 1979 | 228902 |
| an immunodiffusion test for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies in bovine serum. | an immunodiffusion test (idt) was developed for detecting bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies in bovine serum. the antigen utilized in the idt was prepared from bovine viral diarrhea virus-infected monolayer cultures. results of the idt were obtained within 48 hours and correlated with the virus-neutralization test. | 1979 | 230770 |
| congenital cerebellar hypoplasia in newborn calves. | a sporadic outbreak of congential cerebellar ataxia (cca) was seen in calves. the abnormality of this disorder of the central nervous system characteristic was cerebellar hypoplasia, which was observed in eight calves. the cerebellum was almost completely absent in some of these calves and approximately one-fifth of the normal size in some others. six of the eight calves were also affected with hydrocephaly. the significant changes of the cerebellum were complete or partial destruction of the co ... | 1979 | 550073 |
| selected isolates of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus propagated on bovine turbinate cells: virus titer and soluble antigen production as factors in immunogenicity of killed bvd virus. | soluble antigen production in a bovine turbinate cell line by 17 isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus was studied. we showed that the quantity of soluble antigen produced may vary considerably between isolates. further, the isolate producing the greatest quantity of soluble antigen produced a higher antibody titer in calves than an isolate producing only half as much soluble antigen. | 1978 | 568462 |
| [case of md-vd in cattle]. | an enzootic is described of the classic form of virus diarrhea mucosal disease on a newly organized farm for heifers. the disease ran a sporadic course, mainly with intrauterine infections, while with the calves it was recorded as an enzootic with 100 per cent morbidity rate and 28 per cent mortality rate. the clinical picture was complicated--in some calves the disease started with fever, in other respiratory distrubances were observed, while in a third group diarrhea was prevailing. a detailed ... | 1978 | 741646 |
| a study of immunologic relationships among serologically heterologous strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus by cross immunity tests. | three serologically heterologous strains of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were compared in reciprocal cross immunity tests in calves. each strain was inoculated into five calves. thirty-eight days later one calf in each group was reinoculated with homologous virus while the immunity of the remaining four was challenged with the serologically heterologous strains of virus, using two calves for each strain. of the 12 calves in the cross immunity tests, nine were refractory to immunity challeng ... | 1975 | 1112098 |
| propagation of bovine viral diarrhea viruses in bovine fetal lung cell cultures. | a procedure to prepare and maintain bovine fetal lung (bfl) cell cultures was established. these cell cultures grew abundantly and readily and were easy to handle. monolayers could be kept in satisfactory condition in maintenance medium for 14 days. the yield from the lungs of one fetus was 15 to 30 primary culture roux bottles, and 40,000 5th-generation test tubes. the bfl cells were satisfactorily kept at minus 70 c with the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso). when the bfl cell cultures wer ... | 1975 | 1168439 |
| characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus rna. | rna extracted from isopycnically banded [3-h]uridine-labeled bovine viral diarrhea virus with sodium dodecyl sulfate was resolved into one major and two minor components by both sedimentation analysis and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. the major rna component was estimated to have a 38s sedimentation coefficient. the minor rna components were estimated to have s values of 31 and 24. the approximate colecular weights were calculated to be 3.22 times 10-6 (38s), 2.09 times 10-6 (31s), and ... | 1975 | 1170338 |
| [epizootologic significance of grazing for mucosal disease/virus diarrhea in cattle]. | | 1975 | 1209258 |
| pathogenetic studies of infection of the bovine fetus with bovine viral diarrhea virus. ii. ocular lesions. | twenty-three susceptible pregnant heifers were inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus at 150 +/- 1 days of gestation. seven additional heifers were inoculated between 65 and 115 days of gestation. acute ocular lesions were seen in fetuses taken 17-21 days after inoculation of the dams at 150 days. by the fourth week, the acute lesions were beginning to resolve, and in newborn animals focal to total retinal atrophy was seen. the acute lesions were characterized by a mild to moderate retiniti ... | 1975 | 1229054 |
| structural proteins of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a procedure for the purification of radioactively labeled bovine viral diarrhea virus was critically evaluated. purification of virus from artificial mixtures of unlabeled infected and labeled noninfected cells indicated that the extent of purification was approximately 100-fold with respect to host proteins. residual host proteins were found to contaminate the viral preparation even after extensive purification by differential and isopycnic zonal centrifugation. co-electrophoresis of 3h-labeled ... | 1975 | 1239230 |
| application of the polymerase chain reaction to the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in cattle. | we used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections in cattle. of 120 cattle screened in this study, 29 were scored positive for bvdv with both pcr and conventional virus isolation. ninety cattle were negative in both assays. one cow was scored positive for bvdv with the pcr but was negative with virus isolation. in dilution experiments pcr analysis was at least 10 times more sensitive than bvdv isolation. | 1992 | 1311133 |
| monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. | thirty-two monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes on bovine viral diarrhea virus proteins and glycoproteins were tested for immunohistochemical reactivity with bovine viral diarrhea virus in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 45 cases of bovine viral diarrhea virus-associated mucosal disease. only one antibody, designated 15c5, which reacts with the 48-kd glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus, detected an epitope preserved in these specimens. monoclonal antibody 15c ... | 1992 | 1313612 |
| virus safety of human immunoglobulins: efficient inactivation of hepatitis c and other human pathogenic viruses by the manufacturing procedure. | human immunoglobulins are plasma derivatives with a low risk of transmitting viral infections. to the present, no proven case of human immunoglobulins transmitting human immunodeficiency viruses has been reported. however, there have been a few reports on the transmission of hepatitis c virus by these plasma proteins. to improve further the safety of both 5s iv human immunoglobulins and 7s im immunoglobulins, we introduced a 10-hour heat treatment of the aqueous solutions at 60 degrees c (i.e., ... | 1992 | 1314286 |
| in vitro inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase metabolite, leukotriene b4, in bovine mononuclear cells by bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus inhibited phytohemagglutinin (pha)-, pha plus phorbol-12-myristate-13 acetate (pma)- or pha plus calcium ionophore (a23187)-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) proliferation. further, bvd-virus inhibited a23187-stimulated leukotriene b4 (ltb4) synthesis into the culture supernatants. presence of exogenous ltb4 failed to reverse the bvd virus-induced immunosuppression. our results suggest that bvd virus-induced immunosuppression is due to a ... | 1992 | 1315086 |
| a short incubation serum neutralization test for bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a three day serum neutralization (sn) test for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), which is an improvement on the existing five day test, is described. the improved test results in a more rapid viral cytopathic effect and utilizes madin darby kidney (mdbk) cells, and horse serum as a medium supplement. a comparison of tests utilizing the nadl and the singer strains of bvdv and the use of either secondary bovine kidney cells with calf serum (bkcs) or continuous mdbk ... | 1992 | 1317246 |
| analysis of the bovine viral diarrhea virus genome for possible cellular insertions. | mucosal disease is the most severe disease resulting from bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection in cattle. two biotypes of bvdv may be isolated from animals with mucosal disease: cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp). these "pairs" of cp/ncp viruses are often closely related and it has been suggested that the cp virus arises from a ncp virus by insertion of cellular rna in the p125 region of the bvdv genome. we have used four pairs of cp/ncp bvdv isolated from cattle with mucosal diseas ... | 1992 | 1318605 |
| baculovirus expression of pestivirus non-structural proteins. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) belongs to the pestivirus group, a genus within the flaviviridae family. it possesses a positive-sense ssrna genome with a single large open reading frame (orf) encoding about 4000 amino acids. here we report the continuation of our studies of pestivirus protein biogenesis, involving expression from the viral non-structural protein-encoding region. the 3'-terminal 60% of the bvdv orf was cloned into a plasmid transfer vector which was then used to construct a ... | 1992 | 1321220 |
| nucleotide sequencing of 5' and 3' termini of bovine viral diarrhea virus by rna ligation and pcr. | genomic rna was extracted from cytopathic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain nadl, cp strain 72, and noncytopathic (ncp) strain sd-1 purified by ultracentrifugation. assuming the presence of a cap structure, de-blocking of the 5' capped end of the genomic rna was done by treatment with tobacco acid pyrophosphatase (tap). following decapping, the rna molecules were ligated using t4 rna ligase and the ligated tandem rna templates were then amplified by primer-directed amplification (pc ... | 1992 | 1322931 |
| bovine virus diarrhoea virus induces in vitro a proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle immunized by infection. | the ability of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to mount a proliferative response to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in vitro was examined. after culturing pbmc in the presence of a non-cytopathic strain of bvdv for 6 days, the magnitude of pbmc proliferation was measured as incorporation of radiolabelled thymidine, present during the last 18 h. live, but not heat-inactivated, bvdv evoked a proliferative response of pbmc obtained from cattle seropositive to the virus. however ... | 1992 | 1323165 |
| genetic diversity and bvd virus. | the various measures of genetic variation of bvd virus was reviewed with emphasis on the implications for future control of virus-induced disease and diagnosis. while experimental data does not support unique serotypes for bvdv, there is substantial antigenic variation among the isolates examined. this variation may permit fetal infections even in animals assumed to be well vaccinated. the genetic differences between cytopathic and noncytopathic strains of bvdv are expressed in infected cells by ... | 1992 | 1325330 |
| an experimental contribution to the study of the pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | this presentation summarizes the results of a study on the pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv) infection. the cytopathic (cp) strain tvm-2 of bvdv induced in calves an overt clinical disease which is usually recorded as the acute primary bvdv infection observed under natural conditions. in contrast the non-cytopathic (ncp) strain new york-1 of bvdv did not cause any significant signs of disease. however, when the calves were immunosuppressed by treatment with dexamethasone (dms) the bio ... | 1992 | 1325331 |
| identification and eradication of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a persistently infected dairy herd. | a milking herd consisting of 55 holstein cows had experienced abortions in several cows, as well as congenital malformations in 1 newborn calf. bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from blood mononuclear cell samples obtained from several cattle, documenting 1 acute infection and 8 persistently infected carriers identified by clinical appearance and laboratory testing. initial suspicion of persistently infected status in some, but not all animals, was facilitated by poor growth rates in some ... | 1992 | 1325426 |
| secondary structure of the 5' nontranslated regions of hepatitis c virus and pestivirus genomic rnas. | the rna genomes of human hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the animal pestiviruses responsible for bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv) and hog cholera (hchv) have relatively lengthy 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntrs) sharing short segments of conserved primary nucleotide sequence. the functions of these 5'ntrs are poorly understood. by comparative sequence analysis and thermodynamic modeling of the 5'ntrs of multiple bvdv and hchv strains, we developed models of the secondary structures of these rnas. these p ... | 1992 | 1329037 |
| rearrangement of viral sequences in cytopathogenic pestiviruses. | two cytopathogenic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (cpbvdv) have been analyzed. for both viruses two regions of their genomic rnas were found to be duplicated and rearranged. the viral genomes contain a small duplicated element (sd) derived from the genomic 5' end far downstream of its original context. this sequence is followed by a larger duplication which encompasses the region coding for the protein p80(ld), a molecular marker for cpbvdv. the sd element codes for the viral protease p ... | 1992 | 1329326 |
| effects in calves of mixed infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus and several other bovine viruses. | the objective of this study was to verify whether a mixed infection in calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and other bovine viruses, such as bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, would influence the pathogenesis of the bvdv infection sufficiently to result in the typical form of mucosal disease being produced. accordingly, two experiments were undertaken. in one experiment calves were first infected with bvdv and subsequ ... | 1992 | 1330424 |
| epidemiological evaluation of a monoclonal elisa detecting bovine viral diarrhoea pestivirus antigens in field blood samples of persistently infected cattle. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using monoclonal antibodies for capture and detection, was developed for detecting bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antigens in blood samples. the test was evaluated using 761 field samples of known status (viraemic or not). when an appropriate cut-off value was chosen, the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the assay were 100%, higher than the values obtained by classical virus isolation. correlation with the latter technique exce ... | 1992 | 1331162 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a pestivirus genome, noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus strain sd-1. | genomic rna of noncytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain sd-1 was extracted directly from serum obtained from a persistently infected animal. cdna was synthesized and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) before cloning. the complete genomic nucleotide sequence was determined by sequencing at least two different clones from independent pcr reactions. the 5' and 3' end sequences of the sd-1 genome was determined from 5'-3' ligation clones. the complete genome sequence w ... | 1992 | 1333126 |
| recombinant polypeptide from the gp48 region of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) detects serum antibodies in vaccinated and infected cattle. | to characterize the immune response of cattle to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) glycoprotein gp48, we have produced a large amount of recombinant glutathione-s-transferase-gp48 (gst-gp48) fusion protein in escherichia coli. antibodies to gp48 were present in cattle vaccinated with killed or modified-live virus vaccination, or following natural infection. these results were in agreement with results of serum neutralization (sn) test which detected gp53 of bvdv. | 1992 | 1333674 |
| diabetes mellitus in cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease virus. | four japanese black cattle and four holstein-friesian cows were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. based on intravenous glucose tolerance tests, all these animals were believed to be insulin-dependent diabetics. moreover, bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) virus was isolated and mucosal lesions and diarrhea were recognized in all cases. there was no genetic relation among the affected cattle. the breeding places of these cattle were different to each other. therefore, it is suggested ... | 1992 | 1333690 |
| viral agents and associated lesions detected in a 10-year study of bovine abortions and stillbirths. | in a 10-year survey started in 1980, specimens from 8,995 bovine abortions and stillbirths were submitted to the south dakota animal disease research and diagnostic laboratory. of these, 8,962 were suitable for some type of examination. viruses were associated with 948 (10.58%). bovine herpesvirus-1 (ibr) was detected in 485 (5.41%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was detected in 407 (4.54%). in 1 year of the survey, bvdv was detected in 8/32 fetuses that had lesions of passive congestio ... | 1992 | 1333814 |
| distribution of bovine virus diarrhoea viral antigens in the central nervous system of cattle with various congenital manifestations. | distribution of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antigens in the central nervous system (cns) of 26 cattle persistently bvdv infected, 11 cattle with mucosal disease (md), and 32 calves with congenital brain malformations was studied using monoclonal antibodies against bvdv epitopes. in persistently infected cattle and in cattle with md, a widespread infection of neurons was present. predilection sites for bvdv antigens were the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. in calves with congenital e ... | 1992 | 1334302 |
| serological analysis of a small herd sample to predict presence or absence of animals persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in dairy herds. | in 10 herds containing animals persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and nine herds without such animals the probabilities of obtaining at least two antibody-positive animals in a test sample of three or five animals selected among animals six to 18 months old were calculated. among herds with pi animals these probabilities, with the exception of one herd, varied between 0.725 and 0.992 when samples of three animals were tested and between 0.977 and one when samples ... | 1992 | 1334566 |
| differences in virulence between two noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses in calves. | a noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bvdv-890, isolated from a yearling heifer that died with extensive internal hemorrhages, was compared for virulence in calves with noncytopathic bvdv-tgan, isolated from an apparently healthy persistently infected calf. after challenge exposure with bvdv-890, nonimmune calves (n = 7) developed fever > 40 c, diarrhea, leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. most calves (n = 6) died or were euthanatized by 19 days after challe ... | 1992 | 1334641 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus-specific neutralizing antibodies induced by anti-idiotypic antibodies. | two murine neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs), 4d8 and 6d11, recognizing epitopes on gp53, a surface glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), were used to generate anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) in a calf. the polyclonal anti-ids were isolated from serum by affinity chromatography on their respective ab-1-sepharose columns, followed by repeated adsorption on isotype-matched antibody-sepharose columns. the anti-ids reacted specifically with their respective ab-1, but not w ... | 1992 | 1335258 |
| a novel subunit iscom vaccine against bovine virus diarrhoea virus. | the preparation and preliminary testing of a subunit iscom (immunostimulating complex) vaccine against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is described. vaccination of calves with this vaccine yields high neutralising titres against a panel of danish bvdv field isolates. the serological difference between virus isolates and vaccine strain selection is discussed. | 1992 | 1335308 |
| thermal and ph stability of pestiviruses. | three strains/isolates of hog cholera virus (hcv) and two strains/isolates each of cytopathogenic (cp) and non-cytopathogenic (ncp) biotype of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were each exposed to ph 3, 3.5 and 4 at 4 degrees c, 21 degrees c and 37 degrees c in a number of combinations. infectivity titration and half-life determinations following correlation and regression analysis showed a significant temperature-dependent shortening of half-lives within the ph range investigated. at ph 3, m ... | 1992 | 1335310 |
| serological titers to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella haemolytica in feedlot calves with respiratory disease: associations with bacteriological and pulmonary cytological variables. | acute and convalescent serum samples were taken from 59 calves with signs of respiratory disease (cases) and 60 clinically normal animals (controls) during their first month in the feedlot. sera were analyzed for antibodies to bovine parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus by hemagglutination inhibition, to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) by virus neutralization, and to pasteurella haemolytica by indirect agglutination (phia) and cy ... | 1992 | 1335831 |
| infection of ovine fetal brain cell cultures with cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | the in vitro cell tropism of non-cytopathogenic (ncp) and cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was studied in primary dissociated brain cell cultures derived from ovine fetuses of different gestational ages. the cell types infected were identified by double immunofluorescence using antibodies against bvdv and cell type-specific markers. in cultures infected with ncp bvdv viral antigen was present in neurofilament (nf 200 kda)-positive neurons, glial fibrillary acidic protein ( ... | 1992 | 1336242 |
| epitope mapping of the gp53 envelope protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | epitopes recognized by nine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) on the envelope protein, gp53, of two strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (nadl and oregon c24v) were mapped by competitive binding assays and by the characterization and sequence analyses of mab neutralization escape mutants. this defined an antigenic domain on gp53 that was shared by many bvdv strains, while other less conserved epitopes were possibly distinct. sequencing of escape mutant viruses revealed that a cluster of three amin ... | 1992 | 1381537 |
| [viral agents as the cause of reproductive disorders in cattle and available vaccines]. | after a review on the viral agents playing a role in diseases of cattle those related to the occurrence in the genital tract are described. they may be causing abortion or local reactions leading to a reduced fertility and/or be of importance for the embryo transfer. bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1) and the bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are the agents most widely distributed in europe. both are of economic importance, described in detail and vaccines available discussed. | 1992 | 1396167 |
| age distribution of animals persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhea virus in twenty-two danish dairy herds. | the objectives of this study were to compare the age distribution of animals persistently infected (pi) with bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv) in 12 herds with clinical bvd compared to ten herds without clinical bvd and to examine the incidence of pi calves born after the oldest pi animal. blood samples from all animals were tested for bovine virus diarrhea virus and antibodies. in five herds, blood samples were obtained from calves born after the whole herd had been tested. all calves born by ... | 1992 | 1423053 |
| a neuropathological survey of brains submitted under the bovine spongiform encephalopathy orders in scotland. | bovine spongiform encephalopathy was not confirmed histologically in 225 of 829 bovine brains submitted for diagnosis. several previously described disorders of the central nervous system were observed in these brains as well as disorders not previously recognised in britain, including bilateral vacuolation of the substantia nigra, hippocampal sclerosis with brainstem neuronal chromatolysis and necrosis, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia and meningio-angiomatosis. severe cerebellar dysplasia co ... | 1992 | 1441143 |
| predominance of bocd8-positive t lymphocytes in vascular lesions in a 1-year-old cow with concurrent malignant catarrhal fever and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | | 1992 | 1448903 |
| toxoplasmosis and border disease in 54 swedish sheep flocks. seroprevalence and incidence during one gestation period. | serum samples from 704 animals from 54 swedish sheep flocks were analysed by elisa twice during 1 breeding season for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and border disease virus (bdv). an elisa, originally developed for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in cattle, was assessed on sheep sera and the results were compared with those obtained in a virus neutralization test. the correlation between the 2 assays proved good. before breeding, 132 (19%) sheep in 42 flocks ... | 1992 | 1503001 |
| etiologic agents detected in a 10-year study of bovine abortions and stillbirths. | during a 10-year period, specimens from 8,995 bovine abortions were submitted to the south dakota animal disease research and diagnostic laboratory; 8,962 of these specimens were suitable for examination. a supportable diagnosis was made in 2,942 (32.82%) of the abortions examined. an infectious cause was determined for 2,723 (30.38%) and a noninfectious cause for 219 (2.44%). bacteria caused 1,299 (14.49%), viruses caused 948 (10.57%), and fungi caused 476 (5.31%). the infectious bovine rhinotr ... | 1992 | 1616982 |
| comparison of flow cytometry and virus isolation in cell culture for identification of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in 143 blood samples by virus isolation in cell culture and flow cytometry was performed. the material included 37 samples later shown to originate from persistently infected cattle. thirty-three samples were positive by virus isolation, and all 37 samples were positive by the flow cytometric assay. | 1991 | 1645374 |
| detection of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus using nucleic acid hybridization. | a ribonucleic acid (rna) hybridization assay to identify cattle infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is described. the rna probe was derived from the coding region at the 3' end of the genome of the nadl strain of bvdv. total rna from infected cell cultures or peripheral blood leukocytes from suspect animals was extracted and applied to nylon membranes with a slot blot apparatus. peripheral blood leukocytes were tested concurrently for bvdv by virus isolation. the results of hybridizat ... | 1991 | 1645592 |
| comparison of cytopathic and noncytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus by oligonucleotide fingerprinting. | the molecular technique of rna fingerprinting was used to characterize the genomes of 5 isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv): 2 viral pairs from the same animal, bvd-iln/bvd-ilc and bvd-tgan/bvd-tgac, and the cytopathic viral prototype, bvd-nadl. oligonucleotide patterns from the viruses were compared, and unique and overlapping oligonucleotides were identified. a comparison of the fingerprints indicated that the genome of each virus was distinguishable by the t1 rnase oligonucleotide ... | 1991 | 1645593 |
| quantitation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in embryo transfer flush fluids collected from a persistently infected heifer. | | 1991 | 1645602 |
| [a new enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against the bovine viral diarrhea virus]. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using the nonstructural protein p125/80 of the bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) virus as antigen, was used for screening bvd-specific antibodies in 468 bovine sera. the results were compared with those obtained in a standard neutralization test (nt). both tests reacted positive with 457 sera. the elisa gave positive results with eight sera which were negative in the nt whereas one serum was positive in the nt and negative in the elisa. two sera could not ... | 1991 | 1646493 |
| the vaccination and challenge with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) of calves previously infected with a non-cytopathic bvdv. | four calves were infected with noncytopathic (ncp) new york-1 strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). during the observation period of one month the calves remained clinically normal but the virus was repeatedly recovered from their pharyngeal swabbings and blood. thirty days following infection the four calves were vaccinated, together with two uninfected calves, with a modified-live vaccine containing cytopathic (cp) bvdv, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and parainfluenza-3 virus ... | 1991 | 1647929 |
| [use of monoclonal antibodies for the differential diagnosis of pestivirus infections in swine]. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for hog cholera virus (hcv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) or pestivirus were applied for the differential diagnosis of pestivirus infections in pigs. field virus isolated from 8 confirmed classical swine fever outbreaks and one suspect case was propagated in pk(15) cell cultures and identified by direct immunofluorescence (ifa) and peroxidase linked antibody (pla) assays. peroxidase-linked hcv, bvdv and pestivirus specific mab were applied in direct pl ... | 1991 | 1648800 |
| pestivirus gene expression: the first protein product of the bovine viral diarrhea virus large open reading frame, p20, possesses proteolytic activity. | the positive-strand rna genome of pestiviruses contains a single large open reading frame (orf) extending its entire length and is capable of encoding 450 kda of protein. studies have been undertaken with the purpose of elucidating the specific mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of the complete complement of pestivirus proteins. here, we report on gene expression at the 5' end of the genome of the prototype pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). we demonstrate, using both a cell-free ... | 1991 | 1649345 |
| pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus polypeptides: identification of new precursor proteins and alternative cleavage pathways. | the genome of pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) contains a single 11,964 nt long open reading frame (orf) that is capable of encoding a 449 kda putative polyprotein. although previous studies have described many virus-coded polypeptides that are believed to arise by post- and/or co-translational proteolytic processing in infected cells, there are two separate regions in the orf for which no polypeptide products could be identified. in the present study using site specific antisera, w ... | 1991 | 1651034 |
| pestivirus gene expression: protein p80 of bovine viral diarrhea virus is a proteinase involved in polyprotein processing. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the prototypic pestivirus, possesses a positive-strand rna genome with a single large open reading frame (orf) encoding about 4000 amino acids. we have endeavored to elucidate the mechanisms involved in protein biogenesis by this pestivirus. here, we present our studies on gene expression from the viral nonstructural protein coding region encompassing the carboxy-terminal 60% of the orf. previous sequence and modeling analyses predicted the amino-terminal regi ... | 1991 | 1651596 |
| expression of the p80 region of bovine viral diarrhea virus and identification of specific antibodies to this recombinant protein in bovine sera. | a 917-base pair segment of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genome encoding part of the p80 region was cloned into plasmid gex-2t expression vector for expression as a fusion protein with glutathione-s-transferase (gst). when the p80 and gst sequences were in the same reading frames, the resulting gst-p80 fusion protein had a molecular mass of 58 kilodaltons (kda) in sds-page. extracts of control e. coli carrying only the vector plasmid (gex-2t) did not contain this new 58-kda protein band ... | 1991 | 1651719 |
| prevalence of ruminant pestivirus infections in namibia. | following several clinical cases of suspected bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) on three namibian cattle farms, a serological survey was conducted on bovine, ovine, caprine and wild ruminant sera originating from different regions of the country. neutralizing antibodies to bvd virus (bvdv) were detected in 58% of 1,014 cattle sera, 14% of 618 sheep sera and 4.6% of 1,118 goat sera. sera from seven of ten wildlife species were positive with kudu, eland and giraffe having prevalence rates greater than ... | 1991 | 1652725 |
| sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus antibody in cattle. | a reliable bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) viral antigen was prepared from bvd virus grown on madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells by solubilizing the virus with detergent mega-10 (decanoyl-n-methylglucamide) followed by removal of hydrophobic proteins with triton x-100 treatment. by these treatments, problems of high background associated with bvd viral antigen in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were eliminated. with this new antigen, an elisa was adapted to detect bovine serum anti ... | 1991 | 1653099 |
| comparative evaluation of the fluorescent antibody test and microtiter immunoperoxidase assay for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus from bull semen. | an indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique (ip) is described for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in bovine semen. the performance of the ip was compared to the reference immunofluorescent staining test in its ability to detect bvdv in 23 coded field semen samples. the ip assay which can be applied with ease to a large number of samples and does not require expensive fluorescence microscope equipment, appears to be an alternative method for bvdv detection. the ip assay ca ... | 1991 | 1653102 |
| serologic detection and practical consequences of antigenic diversity among bovine viral diarrhea viruses in a vaccinated herd. | samples of sera were obtained from 5,725 cows in a semiclosed herd. in each of the preceding 7 years, the herd was vaccinated against bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) with killed virus. neutralizing antibody tests were done on all samples of sera, using cytopathic virus, bvd-tgac virus, that was antigenically distinct from the vaccine virus. most samples of sera had high titers of neutralizing antibodies against bvd-tgac virus. in 48 samples of sera, neutralizing antibodies were not detected against ... | 1991 | 1654030 |
| replication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in the bovine reproductive tract and excretion of virus in semen during acute and chronic infections. | five mature bulls were studied during an acute transient infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the bulls had been infected experimentally by the intranasal instillation of blood and serum from a cow which was a persistent carrier of the virus. infection was confirmed by the demonstration of a low titred viraemia in four of the five animals and by the seroconversion of all five. semen samples were collected from each bull on four occasions between seven and 14 days after infection. ... | 1991 | 1654660 |
| efficiency of various cloned dna probes for detection of bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | we have evaluated 24 cytopathic (cp) and 37 noncytopathic (ncp) strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) with a dot blot assay using four different genome segments of the nadl strain as hybridization probes (p80, p54, gp53, and gp62). the p80 and p54 probes hybridized to 23/24 (96%) and 22/24 (92%), respectively, of cp strains examined. in contrast, these same two probes only detected 16/37 (43%) and 5/37 (13%), respectively, of the ncp strains examined. the gp53 probe detected 18/24 (75%) ... | 1991 | 1654669 |
| methods for detection and frequency of contamination of fetal calf serum with bovine viral diarrhea virus and antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus. | methods used by the national animal disease center to test fetal calf serum for contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and antibodies against bvdv are described. using those methods, virus was isolated from 332 of 1,608 (20.6%) lots of raw fetal calf serum obtained specifically for the center and 93 of 190 (49%) lots of commercially available fetal calf serum. virus neutralization and immunoperoxidase staining tests were used to detect antibodies against bvdv in 224 of the 1,608 ( ... | 1991 | 1655059 |
| hepatitis c virus: buoyant density of the factor viii-derived isolate in sucrose. | physicochemical and molecular characterization studies of hepatitis c virus (hcv), the major causative agent of parenterally transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis (pt-nanbh), strongly suggest that it is a pesti-/flavivirus-like virus. additional studies show that the buoyant density of plasma-derived hcv in sucrose is significantly lower than that of most tissue culture-derived flaviviruses (1.20 g/cm3). our finding suggests, but does not prove, that at least one physicochemical property of hcv is ... | 1991 | 1655970 |
| serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in bison from kansas. | a serologic survey was conducted on an american bison (bison bison) herd in kansas for antibodies against brucella spp., leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, pomona, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, and hardjo, anaplasma spp., bluetongue virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. there was an increase in prevalence of bluetongue antibodies from 38% in 1987 to 100% in 1989 in animals greater than or equal to 24-mo-old. prevalences of antibodies against ... | 1991 | 1656107 |
| [bovine virus diarrhea virus infections in swine]. | since 1976 nineteen naturally occurring and eight experimentally induced incidents of congenital bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infections were detected in routine laboratory diagnosis of swine fever. in nearly all naturally occurring cases, the disease was limited to one litter only. clinical signs of disease and gross pathological lesions resembled those of chronic swine fever. nearly all piglets born infected with the disease died within four months of birth. one pig remained persistentl ... | 1991 | 1656546 |