| nonarbo-togaviridae: comparative hydrodynamic properties of the pestivirus genus. brief report. | the sedimentation coefficient and buoyant density of hog cholera, bovine viral diarrhea and border disease viruses, have been compared with those of representative members of the family togaviridae. it appears that the pestivirus genus is a homogeneous group which is not only antigenically but also structurally, unrelated to the other genera of the togavirus family. | 1979 | 232414 |
| togaviridae. | the family togaviridae is described; it contains four genera--alphavirus, flavivirus, pestivirus and rubivirus--and additional members. the main characteristics of the family are as follows: single-stranded, linear rna, molecular weight about 4 x 10(6). virions have isometric nucleocapsids surrounded by a lipoprotein envelope containing host cell lipid and virus-specified polypeptides including one or more glycopeptides. virions yield infectious rna. there are at least 80 members; all the alphav ... | 1978 | 618831 |
| importance of primer selection for the detection of hepatitis c virus rna with the polymerase chain reaction assay. | we compared four primer sets from conserved regions of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome for their ability to detect hcv rna in a "nested" cdna polymerase chain reaction assay on sera from 114 anti-hcv antibody-positive individuals from around the world. the different primer sets had equivalent sensitivity, detecting less than 1 chimpanzee id50 (dose that infects 50%) when tested against reference strain h of hcv. we tested equal amounts of rna extracted from the serum of each individual with t ... | 1992 | 1309604 |
| heterogeneous expression of the non-structural protein p80/p125 in cells infected with different pestiviruses. | in order to analyse the expression of the non-structural (ns) protein p80/p125 in cells infected with different pestiviruses at the protein level, radioimmunoprecipitations with the pestivirus-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) bvd/c16 were performed. cell lysates infected with cytopathic (cp) and non-cytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) virus strains and isolates, and with hog cholera (hc) virus strains were analysed. from cpbvd virus-infected cells, the mab precipitated one or more pr ... | 1992 | 1309861 |
| the pestiviruses. | | 1992 | 1315479 |
| pathomorphological and immunohistological findings in progeny of goats experimentally infected with pestiviruses. | a total of 25 pregnant goats without neutralizing antibodies against bvd virus were inoculated with two different pestivirus isolates at eight different stages of gestation. in both infection groups, various malformations were observed in fetuses and neonates. in three twins with neutralizing antibodies against bvd virus leukoencephalomalacia occurred, characterized by gelatinous transformation in the cerebral hemispheres. these lesions were comparable to alterations described in alternative pat ... | 1992 | 1316022 |
| sequence analysis of the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis c virus. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 5' noncoding (nc) region of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome in 44 isolates from around the world. we have identified several hcv isolates with significantly greater sequence heterogeneity than reported previously within the 5' nc region. the most distantly related isolates were only 90.1% identical. nucleotide insertions were seen in three isolates. analysis of the nucleotide sequence from 44 hcv isolates in this study combined with that of 37 ... | 1992 | 1317578 |
| baculovirus expression of pestivirus non-structural proteins. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) belongs to the pestivirus group, a genus within the flaviviridae family. it possesses a positive-sense ssrna genome with a single large open reading frame (orf) encoding about 4000 amino acids. here we report the continuation of our studies of pestivirus protein biogenesis, involving expression from the viral non-structural protein-encoding region. the 3'-terminal 60% of the bvdv orf was cloned into a plasmid transfer vector which was then used to construct a ... | 1992 | 1321220 |
| protection of piglets born from ruminant pestivirus experimentally infected sows, and their contacts, to the challenge with hog cholera virus. | two groups, a and b, of two specific pathogen-free pregnant sows were experimentally infected between the 25th and 29th days post-breeding with two strains of ruminant pestivirus: nadl cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus for group a and aveyron non-cytopathic border disease virus french strain for group b. two other pregnant sows (group c) were kept uninoculated as control. when 7 weeks old, 8 piglets of group c were put in contact with 4 piglets of group a (group d), and 8 other piglets of ... | 1992 | 1324630 |
| molecular genetics of pestiviruses. | recent developments in understanding the molecular genetics of pestiviruses are reviewed. the genomic rna of several pestiviruses has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. the genetic organization of the viral protein coding region has been refined, and the complete complement of virus-encoded proteins has been elucidated. viral gene expression involves both co-translational and post-translational precursor polyprotein processing. biogenesis of the virion structural proteins requires the proteo ... | 1992 | 1325329 |
| genetic diversity and bvd virus. | the various measures of genetic variation of bvd virus was reviewed with emphasis on the implications for future control of virus-induced disease and diagnosis. while experimental data does not support unique serotypes for bvdv, there is substantial antigenic variation among the isolates examined. this variation may permit fetal infections even in animals assumed to be well vaccinated. the genetic differences between cytopathic and noncytopathic strains of bvdv are expressed in infected cells by ... | 1992 | 1325330 |
| border disease of sheep: the disease in the newborn, adolescent and adult. | border disease (bd) is a condition of newborn sheep that results from congenital infection by a non-cytopathic pestivirus occurring during the first half of gestation. the expression of the virus is largely determined by the age of the fetus at the time of infection, producing four distinct disease syndromes: (1) early embryonic death, (2) abortion and stillbirth, (3) birth of lambs with malformations, and (4) birth of small, weak lambs, lacking characteristic clinical signs, but bearing feature ... | 1992 | 1325332 |
| the hog cholera virus. | hog cholera virus (hcv) is a spherical enveloped particle of about 40-60 nm dia. the viral genome is a single strand rna of about 12,000 bases with positive polarity. one single large open reading frame codes for presumably four structural, i.e. three glycoproteins and a core protein, and about three to five nonstructural proteins. the functional role is not yet fully clear for all viral proteins. hcv belongs to the pestivirus group and it is closely related to bovine viral diarrhoea and border ... | 1992 | 1325334 |
| secondary structure of the 5' nontranslated regions of hepatitis c virus and pestivirus genomic rnas. | the rna genomes of human hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the animal pestiviruses responsible for bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv) and hog cholera (hchv) have relatively lengthy 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntrs) sharing short segments of conserved primary nucleotide sequence. the functions of these 5'ntrs are poorly understood. by comparative sequence analysis and thermodynamic modeling of the 5'ntrs of multiple bvdv and hchv strains, we developed models of the secondary structures of these rnas. these p ... | 1992 | 1329037 |
| an antigen capture test for the detection of cattle viremic with bovine viral diarrhoea virus--a comparison with bvd virus isolation from buffy coat cells in bovine kidney cells. | an antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) viral antigen in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cattle was used for the screening of 241 animals. the test used a monoclonal antibody directed against a conserved antigenic domain of a nonstructural protein (p125/p80) of pestiviruses for antigen capture. bound antigen was detected with a pestivirus-specific polyclonal peroxidase conjugate. in parallel the samples were analysed by routine virus isolatio ... | 1992 | 1329407 |
| epidemiological evaluation of a monoclonal elisa detecting bovine viral diarrhoea pestivirus antigens in field blood samples of persistently infected cattle. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using monoclonal antibodies for capture and detection, was developed for detecting bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antigens in blood samples. the test was evaluated using 761 field samples of known status (viraemic or not). when an appropriate cut-off value was chosen, the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the assay were 100%, higher than the values obtained by classical virus isolation. correlation with the latter technique exce ... | 1992 | 1331162 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a pestivirus genome, noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus strain sd-1. | genomic rna of noncytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain sd-1 was extracted directly from serum obtained from a persistently infected animal. cdna was synthesized and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) before cloning. the complete genomic nucleotide sequence was determined by sequencing at least two different clones from independent pcr reactions. the 5' and 3' end sequences of the sd-1 genome was determined from 5'-3' ligation clones. the complete genome sequence w ... | 1992 | 1333126 |
| pestivirus infection of ruminants in australia. | pestivirus infections are commonly diagnosed in cattle but are relatively uncommon in other ruminant species in australia. virus isolation is a very reliable technique for detecting pestivirus in specimens, especially when group reactive monoclonal antibodies are used with immunoperoxidase staining to detect non-cytopathogenic virus. care must be taken to prevent adventitious pestivirus contamination of serum or cells used for cell culture. a recently developed antigen capture enzyme-linked immu ... | 1992 | 1335309 |
| pestivirus is a common contaminant in maedi-visna and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus stocks. | eight different laboratory stocks of maedi-visna or caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus were examined for the presence of pestiviruses by a fixed-cell immunoperoxidase assay with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. all of the viral stocks examined were found to contain noncytopathic pestivirus contaminants. the panel of monoclonal antibodies could not type the isolates as being more related to bovine virus diarrhea virus or border disease virus. however, the results did indicate that all isol ... | 1992 | 1335836 |
| proteins encoded in the 5' region of the pestivirus genome--considerations concerning taxonomy. | the first protein encoded within the pestivirus open reading frame is a nonstructural protein which removes itself from the polyprotein by autoproteolytic cleavage. the following nucleocapsid protein ends just before a putative signal sequence preceding three glycosylated proteins. all three glycoproteins are part of the viral envelope and exist in the form of disulfide-linked dimers. pestiviruses have recently been reclassified as members of the family flaviviridae which now comprises three gen ... | 1992 | 1336240 |
| characterisation of p20 gene sequences from a border disease-like pestivirus isolated from pigs. | a pestivirus, isolated from pigs with haemorrhagic lesions, was antigenically more similar to border disease (bd) virus than to either hog cholera (hc) or bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) viruses. after reverse transcription the genome at the 5' end, along with the same region from a bd isolate from sheep, was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and cloned. the region of the p20 gene was sequenced and compared with published data for bvd and hc viruses. a number of motifs were conserved in th ... | 1992 | 1336241 |
| polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis c virus rna using a single tube for reverse transcription and serial rounds of amplification with nested primer pairs. | a procedure is described for the detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna in blood by means of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in which the reverse transcription step and two rounds of amplification are carried out in a single tube. this results in fewer manipulations, reduced risk of contamination, and economy of time. the procedures are generally applicable to other assays based on the pcr. we describe the preparation (from 100 microl serum) of test samples that remain stable for at least ... | 1992 | 1337550 |
| [asymptomatic carriage of pestivirus in ruminants]. | pestiviruses are enveloped single-chain ribonucleic acid viruses with a positive polarity. pestiviruses include the viruses of classical swine fever (hog cholera), border disease of sheep, mucosal disease of cattle, and isolates obtained from wild animals, such as red deer (cervus elaphus). among ruminants, pestiviruses have developed a remarkable strategy for assuring their persistence. through epigenetic transmission, they lead to the birth of asymptomatic carrier animals harbouring non-cytopa ... | 1992 | 1339065 |
| [sclerectasia in a pig farm in sotouboua, togo]. | cases of sclerectasia were described in a pig farm, sotouboua, togo. the causative agent may be a pestivirus, on top of a predisposition revealed by consanguinity. livestock owners should be kept aware. | 1992 | 1339984 |
| bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease and border disease in egypt. | in egypt, bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) was initially detected as the result of a serological survey of cattle and sheep, using the serum neutralisation test. in 1970, the causal pestivirus was isolated from bovine calves and buffalo calves with pneumonia and enteritis. mixed viral infections were also prevalent. cases of immune tolerance were identified. the egyptian industry had complained of unthrifty cattle and high death rates of bovine calves and buffalo calves. a rinderp ... | 1992 | 1472733 |
| pestivirus infections in ruminants in norway. | serological surveys in norway have demonstrated neutralising antibodies against bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) virus in cattle, sheep and goats. the prevalences were 18.5%, 4.5% and 3.6%, respectively. occurrence of pestivirus-induced disease in norway is described. outbreaks of reproductive failure and mucosal disease have been reported, and the number of persistently-infected animals detected has increased considerably in recent years. acute bvd occurs rarely. border disease (bd) in sheep, first ... | 1992 | 1472734 |
| a second envelope glycoprotein mediates neutralization of a pestivirus, hog cholera virus. | several monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against hog cholera virus (hcv) reacted with the hcv structural glycoprotein gp44/48 and neutralized the virus. the presence of hcv gp44/48 on the viral surface was directly demonstrated by immunogold electron microscopy. eight anti-hcv gp44/48 mabs were tested by immunoperoxidase assay against a panel of pestivirus strains. each mab showed a distinct pattern of reactivity with hcv strains. it is suggested that the mabs are well suited for epidemiologi ... | 1992 | 1583727 |
| characterization of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (sirs) virus (isolate atcc vr-2332). | the characterization of an isolate of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (sirs) virus (atcc vr-2332) is reported. a commercial cell line (cl2621) was used for the propagation of the virus for all assays. laboratory studies indicate that this isolate is a fastidious, nonhemagglutinating, enveloped rna virus. cesium chloride-purified virions visualized by electron microscopy were spherical particles with an average diameter of 62 nm (range: 48-83 nm) and a 25-30 nm core surrounded by an en ... | 1992 | 1616976 |
| [use of monoclonal antibodies for the differential diagnosis of pestivirus infections in swine]. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for hog cholera virus (hcv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) or pestivirus were applied for the differential diagnosis of pestivirus infections in pigs. field virus isolated from 8 confirmed classical swine fever outbreaks and one suspect case was propagated in pk(15) cell cultures and identified by direct immunofluorescence (ifa) and peroxidase linked antibody (pla) assays. peroxidase-linked hcv, bvdv and pestivirus specific mab were applied in direct pl ... | 1991 | 1648800 |
| pestivirus gene expression: the first protein product of the bovine viral diarrhea virus large open reading frame, p20, possesses proteolytic activity. | the positive-strand rna genome of pestiviruses contains a single large open reading frame (orf) extending its entire length and is capable of encoding 450 kda of protein. studies have been undertaken with the purpose of elucidating the specific mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of the complete complement of pestivirus proteins. here, we report on gene expression at the 5' end of the genome of the prototype pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). we demonstrate, using both a cell-free ... | 1991 | 1649345 |
| outbreaks of border disease in goats induced by a pestivirus-contaminated orf vaccine, with virus transmission to sheep and cattle. | five herds with a total of 276 female goats experienced severe outbreaks of reproductive failure due to a pestivirus-contaminated experimental orf vaccine given early in the breeding season. the reproductive failures comprised barrenness in 42 goats, abortion in 53 and, in 118, the birth of dead or weak kids. the incidence of female goats with such failures was 82 per cent overall, herd incidence rates ranging from 79 to 96 per cent. no progeny showed characteristic signs of border disease (bd). ... | 1991 | 1650802 |
| pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus polypeptides: identification of new precursor proteins and alternative cleavage pathways. | the genome of pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) contains a single 11,964 nt long open reading frame (orf) that is capable of encoding a 449 kda putative polyprotein. although previous studies have described many virus-coded polypeptides that are believed to arise by post- and/or co-translational proteolytic processing in infected cells, there are two separate regions in the orf for which no polypeptide products could be identified. in the present study using site specific antisera, w ... | 1991 | 1651034 |
| pestivirus gene expression: protein p80 of bovine viral diarrhea virus is a proteinase involved in polyprotein processing. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the prototypic pestivirus, possesses a positive-strand rna genome with a single large open reading frame (orf) encoding about 4000 amino acids. we have endeavored to elucidate the mechanisms involved in protein biogenesis by this pestivirus. here, we present our studies on gene expression from the viral nonstructural protein coding region encompassing the carboxy-terminal 60% of the orf. previous sequence and modeling analyses predicted the amino-terminal regi ... | 1991 | 1651596 |
| prevalence of ruminant pestivirus infections in namibia. | following several clinical cases of suspected bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) on three namibian cattle farms, a serological survey was conducted on bovine, ovine, caprine and wild ruminant sera originating from different regions of the country. neutralizing antibodies to bvd virus (bvdv) were detected in 58% of 1,014 cattle sera, 14% of 618 sheep sera and 4.6% of 1,118 goat sera. sera from seven of ten wildlife species were positive with kudu, eland and giraffe having prevalence rates greater than ... | 1991 | 1652725 |
| a monoclonal antibody capture elisa to detect antibody to border disease virus in sheep serum. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to detect antibody to border disease virus (bdv) in sheep serum. a monoclonal antibody bound to 96-well microplates was used to capture antigen from detergent-solubilised bdv-infected cells. single dilutions of test sera were then added to wells containing bound bdv antigen and control wells containing uninfected cell lysates. specific antibody to bdv was detected by an anti-ovine igg antiserum conjugated with horseradish peroxidase ... | 1991 | 1659026 |
| specific sequence amplification of bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv) and hog cholera virus and sequencing of bvdv nucleic acid. | the pestiviruses are small enveloped rna viruses and are causative agents of economically important animal diseases in cattle, swine, sheep and goats worldwide. we used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify one common fragment of several different strains of both hog cholera virus and bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv). the fragment is located at the 5'-end of the genome immediately upstream of the open reading frame. this is a highly conserved region among the different published pestivirus ... | 1991 | 1659027 |
| pestivirus infections in norway. serological investigations in cattle, sheep and pigs. | serum samples from 1,133 dairy cows (187 herds), 3,712 ewes (103 flocks) and 1,317 adult pigs (877 herds), were tested for neutralizing antibodies against the nadl strain of bovine virus diarrhoea virus. the prevalence rate of seropositive animals was 18.5% in cattle, 4.5% in sheep and 2.2% in pigs, such seroreactors being found in 28% of the cattle herds and 18% of the sheep flocks. in all three species the rate showed considerable herd and geographical variation. in cattle the seroreactor rate ... | 1991 | 1659160 |
| an antigen-capture elisa detects pestivirus antigens in blood and tissues of immunotolerant carrier cattle. | an antigen-capture elisa was developed for the detection of pestivirus-specific antigens in peripheral blood leucocytes (pbls), blood clots and tissue samples of immunotolerant cattle persistently infected with virus. the elisa demonstrated complete agreement with conventional virus isolation procedures undertaken on specimens from a total of 58 carrier animals and 360 uninfected animals. the technique is based on capturing antigen with a high-titred goat polyclonal antiserum and detecting the b ... | 1991 | 1659578 |
| hepatitis c virus. | hepcv is the major cause of nanb pt hepatitis and is also implicated as the cause in a large proportion of sporadic cases of nanbh. chronic infection with hepcv has also been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. chimpanzees and marmosets are the only animals found to be experimentally infectable and the virus has not been propagated in any cell culture system. hepcv is an enveloped virus with a diameter of 30-60 nm and a 10-kb positive-stranded rna genome. its genome organizati ... | 1991 | 1659796 |
| pestivirus antibodies in pigs in ireland. | | 1991 | 1660192 |
| the development of an international reference panel of monoclonal antibodies for the differentiation of hog cholera virus from other pestiviruses. | a panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies was defined and characterized with respect to the binding capacity in immunoperoxidase assay to different strains of pestivirus. using the panel it was possible to identify specifically all strains and isolates of hog cholera virus, hog cholera vaccines derived from 'c' strains, and most strains of bovine viral diarrhoea/border disease (bvd/bd) viruses (including those isolated from pigs). a small proportion of bvd/bd isolates from pigs and ruminants reacted o ... | 1991 | 1660637 |
| experimental pestivirus infections in pregnant goats. | fifty pregnant goats, inoculated intramuscularly at different gestational stages with a non-cytopathic ovine pestivirus or a cytopathic bovine pestivirus, all developed pestivirus-neutralizing antibodies within 5 weeks of inoculation. the incidence of reproductive failure was similar for the two agents. parturition at term with only healthy kids occurred in 13 (26 per cent) of the goats. viable kids were not born to any of the 17 goats inoculated at about day 40 of gestation. three of the 17 del ... | 1991 | 1663955 |
| viral contamination of fetal bovine serum used for tissue culture: risks and concerns. | four viral contaminants have been routinely detected in unprocessed and commercial lots of fetal bovine serum: bacteriophage, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3 and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). of those, bvdv is consistently present in a majority of commercial lots of fetal bovine serum. methods for bvdv detection and removal are reviewed. the tentative role of an unclassified pestivirus in microcephaly of infants has been reported. its significance remains uncertain. | 1991 | 1665460 |
| a monoclonal elisa for bovine viral diarrhoea pestivirus antigen detection in persistently infected cattle. | detection of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is crucial to controlling mucosal disease. a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using monoclonal antibodies raised against the 48-kda glycoprotein and the 120/80-kda protein was developed for detecting antigens in leucocytes of 3 persistently bvdv-infected calves. the test is simple, sensitive and rapid. moreover the same elisa was able to recognise belgian field isolates of bvdv. these results sho ... | 1991 | 1667787 |
| cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of border disease virus induce polypeptides of different molecular weight with common antigenic determinants. | ten monoclonal antibodies have been raised against lysates of cells infected with cytopathic border disease virus (bdv). these antibodies all recognize non-cytopathic bdv and react with a number of different strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). studies with radiolabelled cell lysates show that all the antibodies precipitate two polypeptides of apparent mr 80,000 and 130,000 from cells infected with cytopathic virus and a single polypeptide of apparent mr 120,000 from cells infected wi ... | 1990 | 1693167 |
| monoclonal antibodies to the p80/125 gp53 proteins of bovine viral diarrhea virus: their potential use as diagnostic reagents. | monoclonal antibodies reactive to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) protein gp53 were produced and characterized. these antibodies and our panel of anti-p80/125 monoclonal antibodies were tested for their cross-reactivity with 11 different north american and european (danish) bvdv strains and isolates including viruses of both cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes. the four anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies were neutralizing for the homologous danish cytopathic isolate and cross-reacted with ... | 1990 | 1696159 |
| an elisa detecting antibody to conserved pestivirus epitopes. | a monoclonal antibody based competition-elisa is described for the detection of pestivirus antibodies directed against conserved epitopes on the p80 viral protein. the elisa detected increases in serum antibody following experimentally induced infections of pigs, cattle and sheep with a wide range of pestiviruses, although the sensitivity of the test was not uniform for the different viruses studied. the elisa was compared with virus neutralization tests for the assessment of porcine, bovine and ... | 1991 | 1713919 |
| pathogenesis of classical swine fever: b-lymphocyte deficiency caused by hog cholera virus. | hog cholera, also known as classical or european swine fever, is caused by hog cholera virus, a member of the genus pestivirus. it is shown here that the end stage of lethal infection in the natural host is associated with a dramatic depletion preferentially of b lymphocytes in the circulatory system as well as in lymphoid tissues. already at the onset of disease, viral replication in lymphoid tissues demarcates the germinal centers, and the viral genome remains localized to that site as the dis ... | 1992 | 1731095 |
| variable and hypervariable domains are found in the regions of hcv corresponding to the flavivirus envelope and ns1 proteins and the pestivirus envelope glycoproteins. | based on the flavi- and pestivirus model of genome organization for the hepatitis c virus (hcv) (1-5), the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the putative envelope (e1) and the junction between the e1 and ns1/envelope 2 (e2) region from six different human isolates of hcv were compared with the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the prototype hepatitis c virus (hcv-1) (5). the overall percentage of nucleotide and amino acid changes among all six isolates, including hcv- ... | 1991 | 1846505 |
| molecular structure of the japanese hepatitis c viral genome. | the amino acid sequence of the polyprotein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the japanese hepatitis c virus genome (n. kato et al. (1990) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 87, 9524-9528) indicated that this virus is a member of a new class of positive-stranded rna viruses. several domains of this polyprotein also showed weak homology with those of flaviviruses and pestiviruses including the chymotrypsin-like serine proteinase, ntpase and rna-dependent rna polymerase. | 1991 | 1849488 |
| hog cholera virus: molecular composition of virions from a pestivirus. | virions from hog cholera virus (hcv), a member of the genus pestivirus, were analyzed by using specific antibodies. the nucleocapsid protein was found to be a 14-kda molecule (hcv p14). an equivalent protein could also be demonstrated for virions from another pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus. the hcv envelope is composed of three glycoproteins, hcv gp44/48, gp33, and gp55. all three exist in the form of disulfide-linked dimers in virus-infected cells and in virions; hcv gp44/48 and gp55 e ... | 1991 | 1870198 |
| genetic comparison of ovine and bovine pestiviruses. | viral rna oligonucleotide fingerprinting was used to compare genetic relationship among pestiviruses originating from ovine or bovine host species. ovine pestiviruses, including reference border disease virus and 2 border disease isolates originating from natural pestivirus infections of sheep, appeared to have a more distant genetic relationship among themselves than with certain bovine pestiviruses. a closer genetic relatedness was evident between border disease virus and 3 noncytopathic bovin ... | 1990 | 1964772 |
| induced sero-conversion in heifers with a field strain of bovine pestivirus--a comparison of methods and doses. | losses from pestivirus infection in a closed herd of cattle occurred over several years. in order to prevent further losses, controlled exposure of non-pregnant heifers to pestivirus from viraemic carrier animals was undertaken. two initial experiments were conducted using either intra-nasal edta blood or field contact. subsequently, other yearling heifers were inoculated with various dilutions of serum using subcutaneous, conjunctival and intra-nasal routes. effective doses were determined. nei ... | 1990 | 1964776 |
| pestivirus infections in ruminants other than cattle. | pestiviruses infect a wide range of domestic, captive and free-living ruminants. among domestic livestock, border disease virus is a well recognised cause of an important congenital disease of sheep in virtually all sheep-rearing countries of the world. the clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology and control of this disease are described in detail. one natural outbreak of border disease in domestic goats has been described and there is serological and virological evidence that pest ... | 1990 | 1966719 |
| ruminant pestivirus infection in pigs. | ruminant pestivirus infections of pigs have a worldwide distribution. the prevalence is varied and depends mainly on (i) contact with cattle, (ii) age of pigs and (iii) degree of homology of virus strains used for serology, with field strains of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infecting pigs. emphasis should be laid on sources of bvdv other than cattle, e.g. contaminated vaccines and fetal calf serum. the need for differentiation of pestiviruses (hog cholera, bovine virus diarrhoea and borde ... | 1990 | 1966720 |
| use of biotechnical methods in veterinary medicine. | biotechnological methods offer promising approaches for improved diagnostic and prophylactic purposes. the following biotechnological techniques are used in the institute of virology at the hanover veterinary school:--production of monoclonal antibodies directed against viral and bacteria-specific antigens such as bovine virus diarrhoea virus, classical swine fever (hog cholera) virus, feline leukaemia virus, animal parvoviruses, alphavirus, brucella and francisella--establishment of improved an ... | 1990 | 1966725 |
| incidence, epidemiology and control of bovine pestivirus infections and disease in australia and new zealand. | pestivirus infection of cattle is widespread and common in both australia and new zealand. the majority of adult animals, of the order of 60%, carry antibody. associated disease is almost entirely that resulting from infection in utero. this includes death of the conceptus, at any stage from conception through pregnancy, or, in those which are born as persistently infected carriers, mucosal disease, most commonly in a chronic form. little or no disease is recognised as a result of the post-natal ... | 1990 | 2132147 |
| attempts to characterize bovine viral diarrhea virus isolated from cattle after immunization with a contaminated vaccine. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was isolated from 28 animals with a history of immunization against respiratory disease with a vaccine contaminated with bvdv. the vaccine-derived parental virus strain and the 28 isolates were analyzed using 10 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against different epitopes and antigenic domains on the major envelope glycoprotein of bvdv. none of the isolates displayed a reaction pattern identical with the parental virus. instead, seven different reaction pat ... | 1990 | 2155768 |
| hepatitis c virus shares amino acid sequence similarity with pestiviruses and flaviviruses as well as members of two plant virus supergroups. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an important human pathogen that is associated with transfusion-related non-a, non-b hepatitis. recently, hcv cdna was cloned and the nucleotide sequence of approximately three-quarters of the virus genome was determined. a region of the predicted polyprotein sequence was found to share similarity with a nonstructural protein encoded by dengue virus, a member of the flavivirus family. we report here that hcv shares an even greater degree of protein sequence similarity ... | 1990 | 2156259 |
| effect of host cell on the in vitro characteristics expressed by two bovine viral diarrhea virus strains. | growth curves, immunofluorescence assays and radioimmunoprecipitation analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-specified polypeptides were used to determine the susceptibility of bovine endothelial cells (becs) to infection with strains of bvdv. one strain of the virus, ny1, normally non-cytopathic when grown in bovine turbinate cells (btus), did not parallel this type behavior in becs. virus replication kinetics, morphological changes in infected cells and resolution of viral polypeptides ... | 1990 | 2156373 |
| a study of some pathogenetic aspects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | the cytopathic (cp) tvm-2 strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) induced in calves a severe disease, characterized by the clinical picture which is usually reported for the acute primary infection observed under natural conditions. in contrast, the calves inoculated with a different biotype of bvdv, the non-cytopathic (ncp) new york-1 strain, remained clinically normal with the only evidence of virus replication in these calves being the recovery of the virus from their pharyngeal swabbing ... | 1990 | 2157576 |
| an elisa for detecting pestivirus antigen in the blood of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus. | a monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to detect a pestivirus-specific antigen in leucocytes of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus. a blind trial was conducted to compare the specificity of the elisa with conventional tissue culture virus isolation on blood samples from 58 sheep, aged 3 to 48 months. there was total agreement between the two tests; 27 sheep were shown to be bdv-infected. the elisa od values of the positive sa ... | 1990 | 2157728 |
| antibodies to bovine parvovirus acquired by neonatal pigs through ingestion of virus and antibody in the diet. | the ability of pigs to respond immunologically to ingestion of bovine parvovirus (bpv) was tested by feeding 4 cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (cdcd) pigs a live virus-contaminated, liquid diet for the first 4 weeks of life. virus-neutralizing (vn) antibodies were detected in the serum of 2 of the 4 pigs when they were 4 weeks old. antibody titer remained at about the same level for several weeks, then decreased during the remainder of the 29-week interval of testing. the relative reactivit ... | 1990 | 2158254 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a single dilution enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus in cattle sera. viral antigen (nadl strain) was grown in a pig kidney cell line (pk15), and after removal of nuclear debris, was purified by ultracentrifugation through a potassium tartrate cushion. antigen grown in embryonic bovine tracheal epithelial cells was also satisfactory. the test used a high salt buffer to minimize nonspecific reactivity, polyethylene glyc ... | 1990 | 2159672 |
| range of viral neutralizing activity and molecular specificity of antibodies induced in cattle by inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines. | the range of neutralizing activity to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus and viral protein specificity of antibodies induced by 3 inactivated vaccines were evaluated by use of samples of sera obtained from 13 cattle 14 days after vaccination. viral neutralizing antibodies wee detected in all cattle to each of 10 noncytopathic and 10 cytopathic isolates of bvd virus. a viral-induced polypeptide (53,000 to 56,000 daltons) was detected by radioimmunoprecipitation with serum from all vaccinates. othe ... | 1990 | 2159737 |
| in vitro interactions of cytokines and bovine viral diarrhea virus in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated bovine mononuclear cells. | bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus inhibited phytohemagglutinin (pha)-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) proliferation and bovine interleukin-2 (il-2) production. in the controls, the heat-inactivated bvd virus was not capable of suppressing the pha-stimulated pbmc proliferation. presence of exogenous cytokines, such as purified human il-2, recombinant bovine interleukin-1 (rbovil-1), recombinant bovine il-2, and recombinant human il-6 failed to reverse the bvd virus-induc ... | 1990 | 2161582 |
| intracellular virus-induced polypeptides of pestivirus border disease virus. | intracellular virus specific polypeptides of pestivirus, border disease virus (bdv) in bovine turbinate cells were analysed by radio-immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. eleven viral polypeptides with molecular weights of 220, 165, 118, 84, 66, 58, 55, 53, 45, 37 and 31 kda, respectively, were detected in infected cells. of these, the 165, 118, 84, 66, 58, 55, 53, 45 and 31 kda proteins were found to be glycosylated. comparative studies indicated that the polypeptides induced by bdv share ... | 1990 | 2161595 |
| in vitro production of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle immunized by infection. | a method for in vitro production of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was developed. the pbmc were cultured in microtitre plates coated with detergent-solubilized bvdv and the supernatants were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which detects igg antibodies to bvdv. following incubation of pbmc with an optimal concentration of pokeweed mitogen for 5 days, antibodies to bvdv were detected in culture supernatants of pbmc from ... | 1990 | 2162096 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of hog cholera virus strain brescia and mapping of the genomic region encoding envelope protein e1. | genomic rna of hog cholera virus (hcv) strain brescia was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence was deduced from overlapping cdna clones and comprises 12,283 nucleotides. we cloned the complete 3' end of the hcv genome, but could not unequivocally prove that the cdna sequence also completely covers hcv rna at the 5' end. the hcv genome contained one large open reading frame, which spans the viral plus strand rna and encodes an amino acid sequence of 3898 residues with a calculated molecu ... | 1990 | 2162104 |
| specific sequence amplification of bovine viral diarrhoea virus nucleic acid. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) causes infection of cattle worldwide and is a common contaminant of cell cultures in the laboratory. methods of diagnosis for bvdv are time-consuming and inconsistent. we describe the development of an in vitro test based on enzymatic dna amplification with thermus aquaticus dna polymerase of sequences of bvdv cdna reverse transcribed from viral rna. specific sequences were amplified from infected cell cultures and clinical material using laboratory and field ... | 1990 | 2162162 |
| viral protein production in homogeneous and mixed infections of cytopathic and noncytopathic bvd virus. | experiments were conducted to examine dual infection of cultured cells with cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). cell monolayers infected with a noncytopathic bvdv isolate and subsequently superinfected with a cytopathic bvdv isolate were refractive to the cytopathic effects of the cytopathic bvdv isolate, as reported in the literature. immunofluorescence staining of superinfected cultures with monoclonal antibodies specific for the cytopathic or the noncytopathic vir ... | 1990 | 2162163 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus genome in leukocytes from persistently infected cattle by rna-cdna hybridization. | a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) cdna library was constructed. one cloned complementary dna sequence was used as a probe to detect bvdv rna by hybridization in infected cell cultures and in mononuclear leukocytes from persistently infected cattle by dot blot and in situ hybridization. the cdna probe hybridized with all cytopathic and noncytopathic bvdv isolates tested. the hybridization results were consistent with results obtained using conventional subculturing and immunofluorescent staini ... | 1990 | 2162729 |
| a blocking elisa to differentiate hog cholera virus antibodies in pig sera from those due to other pestiviruses. | the blocking elisa technique was extended to comparative serology by using 3 different pestivirus strains: hog cholera virus (hcv) alfort strain propagated in pk15 cell line, border disease virus (bdv) aveyron strain in pk15 and bvd nadl** strain in fetal calf kidney (fck) primary cells. rabbit antisera to the alfort hcv strain and aveyron bdv strain were raised for use in the test. a bovine hyperimmune serum to bvd virus was also used for detecting antibodies specific to bvd virus. the elisa wa ... | 1990 | 2163232 |
| the coding region for the 54-kda protein of several pestiviruses lacks host insertions but reveals a "zinc finger-like" domain. | we sequenced cdnas, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which correspond to the carboxy-terminal portion of the 54-kda protein of various cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp) pestiviral strains. except for the previously described insertions in two cp strains of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), we did not find comparable insertions in this gene in eight pestiviral strains. the predicted amino acid sequences of this 54-kda protein portion contain a conserved cysteine-rich s ... | 1990 | 2164736 |
| the impact of pestivirus on an artificial breeding program for cattle. | after the introduction of pestivirus into a herd undergoing an embryo transfer and artificial insemination program, substantial post-weaning calf losses occurred. the predominant clinical feature was severe respiratory disease, in contrast to the commonly recognised mucosal disease. thirty-one of 76 calves were affected, with a case fatality rate of 58%. all calves which were persistently infected with pestivirus died during the study period. there was a significant association in the surviving ... | 1990 | 2168165 |
| antigenic variations in bovine viral diarrhea viruses detected by monoclonal antibodies. | five murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the nadl strain of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were developed, identified, and characterized. four of the mabs were directed against a 53-kilodalton (kda) viral protein, and one was specific to a 47-kda polypeptide. competitive radioimmunoassay showed that two mabs were specific to related epitopes of the 53-kda protein, and the other three mabs were each specific to a different epitope. the mabs were used to study heterogeneity among bvd vi ... | 1990 | 2168436 |
| pestivirus infections in norway. epidemiological studies in goats. | during one breeding season, 2335 female goats in 39 herds in different parts of norway were examined for pestivirus infection and for reproductive performance. before breeding, all animals were examined for neutralizing antibodies against the nadl strain of pestivirus, 83 (3.6 per cent) positive animals in 12 herds being demonstrated. the herd prevalences ranged from 1 to 63 per cent. antibody titres varied from 1 in 4 to 1 in 2048. of 1816 females in 30 herds for which post-breeding information ... | 1990 | 2168445 |
| hydrallantois in cows. | | 1990 | 2168601 |
| characterization of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and their use in the study of the antigenic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a panel of 40 monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was produced, and each mab was characterized and grouped according to its viral protein specificity, immunoglobulin subclass, virus-neutralizing activity, and immunoreactivity with a large collection of bvdv isolates. the mab were found to be specific for 1 of 3 sets of related viral-induced proteins found in cells infected with the singer strain of bvdv. group-1 mab were specific for the 80- and 118-kiloda ... | 1990 | 2168687 |
| elisa detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus specific antibodies using recombinant antigen and monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies was prepared by immunization of balb/c mice with moredun (bd) virus strains. these antibodies were characterized by immunofluorescence and seroneutralization against bd, bvd and hog cholera (hc) virus strains, and radioimmunoprecipitation of bvd-infected cells extracts. the mabs reacting with the majority of the pestivirus strains recognize the 80 kda antigen of the bvd cytophathic strains. the 80 kda antigen of the bvd/osloss virus strain has been cloned and exp ... | 1990 | 2169672 |
| immunohistological detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen in the central nervous system of persistently infected cattle using monoclonal antibodies. | in a total of 25 cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) the distribution of viral antigens in the central nervous system was studied. using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (anti pestivirus c16; anti cytophathic bvdv c38; anti cytopathic and non-cytopathic bvdv c42; anti gp53 bvdv ca-1 and ca-3) and the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, bvdv antigen was located exclusively in neurons. predilection sites for viral persistence were cerebral cortex and hippocampus. ... | 1990 | 2169673 |
| pestiviruses: a review. | pestiviruses comprise a group of economically important animal pathogens, namely hog cholera, bovine viral diarrhoea and border disease viruses. the viruses are serologically closely related and share a common host spectrum, i.e. pigs and numerous domestic and wild living ruminants. interspecies transmissions occur frequently. despite some common features in their natural hosts, pathogenesis of pestivirus-induced disease is complex; especially some aspects of highly fatal mucosal disease of catt ... | 1990 | 2169680 |
| pathogenesis of mucosal disease and molecular aspects of bovine virus diarrhoea virus. | studies carried out over three decades, on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), have provided the basis for our understanding of the aetiology of mucosal disease. experimental reproduction of the disease has demonstrated the mechanism of sequential infection and the role of the two virus biotypes. the need for "homogeneity" between the biotypes, causing mucosal disease, has demonstrated the precision of immunotolerance. the origin of the cytopathogenic biotyp ... | 1990 | 2169681 |
| experimental pestivirus infections in newborn goat kids. | two experiments were carried out in which 37 healthy newborn goat kids were inoculated with a non-cytopathic ovine (bdv) or a cytopathic bovine pestivirus (bvdv) by intramuscular or intracerebral injection. no kids showed signs of disease or gross lesions which could be attributed to these viruses, but inoculated kids had lower mean growth rates than the controls. significant histological changes in the cns of 14 kids were restricted largely to the white matter and consisted mainly of hypercellu ... | 1990 | 2175318 |
| antigenic comparisons of hog cholera virus isolates from europe, america and asia using monoclonal antibodies. | nineteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with specificity for hog cholera virus (hcv) were prepared. they were used in an immune binding (peroxidase linked) assay to determine the reaction patterns of hcv isolates from europe, brazil, usa, japan and malaysia, as well as laboratory reference strains of the virus. a further panel of 17 mabs raised against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was included in the study, together with 5 mabs raised against a non-hcv pestivirus of porcine origin. all the ... | 1990 | 2178905 |
| pestivirus glycoprotein which induces neutralizing antibodies forms part of a disulfide-linked heterodimer. | neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against hog cholera virus (hcv) precipitated two hcv-encoded glycoproteins, hcv gp55 and hcv gp33. immunoassay with bacterial fusion proteins and western immunoblotting with extracts from infected cells revealed that the antibodies recognized only hcv gp55. coprecipitation of hcv gp33 was shown to be due to intermolecular disulfide bridges. one of the antibodies also reacted with the major glycoprotein of another pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus ... | 1990 | 2370675 |
| molecular cloning of bovine viral diarrhea viral sequences. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genomic rna was identified as a 12.5-kb single-stranded rna molecule in both infected bovine embryonic kidney cells (bek-1) and partially purified virions. bvd virion rna was partially purified and used as a template for cdna synthesis. bvdv-specific cdna sequences were molecularly cloned and shown to hybridize to infected cell rna but not to uninfected cell rna or dna. a single rna species of 12.5 kb, representing the viral rna genome, was detected in infected ... | 1985 | 2419063 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against swine fever virus and their use in laboratory diagnosis. | thirteen hybridoma cell lines which secrete monoclonal antibodies (mcas) against swine fever virus (sfv) strain brescia were produced. the hybrid cells resulted from fusion of p3x63-ag8.653 myeloma cells with splenocytes of balb/c mice which had been immunized with purified sfv. screening of supernatant fluids was performed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma). the ipma, and an immunoperoxidase test (ipt) performed on cryostat se ... | 1986 | 2428160 |
| border disease. virus-induced decrease in thyroid hormone levels with associated hypomyelination. | border disease (bd) was induced in lambs by inoculation of their dams at 50 days gestation with border disease virus (bdv) isolate #31. at birth, the clinically affected lambs had diffuse spinal cord hypomyelination, confirmed by immunocytochemical staining for myelin-associated glycoprotein and myelin basic protein. in the bd lambs, large numbers of thyroid follicular epithelial cells and scattered pituitary cells contained bdv antigen by immunofluorescence staining. double labeling techniques ... | 1987 | 2441139 |
| neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus bind to the 56k to 58k glycoprotein. | a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the two major glycoproteins of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bdv) was produced and assayed by serum neutralization, radioimmunoprecipitation (rip) and immunoblotting. based on their viral polypeptide specificity and on their ability to neutralize viral infectivity, the mabs in the panel were divided into three classes: class 1 mabs reacted with the 56k to 58k glycoprotein and neutralized the virus, class 2 mabs recognized the 56k to 58k glyc ... | 1988 | 2447228 |
| [studies of the antigen structure of pestiviruses using monoclonal antibodies]. | | 1987 | 2448112 |
| typing of cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus reference and canadian field strains using a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. | cytopathic and noncytopathic reference strains as well as canadian field isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus were analyzed by neutralization and immunofluorescence tests using a bovine viral diarrhea virus-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody. results on reference strains indicated three major antigenic groups: i) nadl-like, ii) new york 1-like and iii) oregon c24v-like. field isolates could be segregated into groups i and ii and none could be typed into the group iii. it appears that m ... | 1988 | 2450629 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus proteins: heterogeneity of cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic strains and evidence of a 53k glycoprotein neutralization epitope. | intracellular virus-induced polypeptides from 3 cytopathogenic and 2 non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus reference strains were analyzed by radioimmunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using a specific bovine multivalent antiserum and a neutralizing bvd-virus monoclonal antibody. electrophoretic patterns of major proteins demonstrate extensive variation between strains. most notably, a major 80,000 (80k) polypeptide was present in all cytopathogenic strains b ... | 1988 | 2454527 |
| monoclonal antibody analyses of cytopathic and noncytopathic viruses from fatal bovine viral diarrhea virus infections. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the two major glycoproteins of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bdv) was used to evaluate the antigenic relationship between cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) viruses isolated from cattle dead or dying from fatal bdv infections. various unrelated bdv isolates were initially screened by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies directed against the 56- to 58- and 48-kilodalton glycoproteins of the virus. a wide spectrum of reactivity ... | 1988 | 2455820 |
| a rapid, quantitative assay for titration of bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus. | an end point dilution microtitration assay is described that can be used for the titration of both cytopathic and non-cytopathic isolates of bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus. indirect immunofluorescence is used to detect infected mdbk cells in the wells of terasaki plates. the virus titre is derived from the number of uninfected wells, using the poisson distribution. the assay is simple, fast and economical. titres of cytopathic virus determined by the microtitration assay and standa ... | 1988 | 2466364 |
| recent advances in pestivirus research. | | 1989 | 2471785 |
| effects of bovine respiratory disease viruses and isoprinosine on bovine leukocyte function in vitro. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 4- to 6-month-old-calves were inoculated in vitro with bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, or bovine virus diarrhea viruses. no increase in infectious virus progeny was observed; however, the viruses were detected in the cells for at least 96 h post-infection without any significant reduction in cell viability. the three viruses, either alone or in combination, suppressed phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of the mononuclear cells. the gr ... | 1989 | 2477940 |
| topographical and functional mapping of epitopes on hog cholera virus with monoclonal antibodies. | competitive binding studies and antigen capture assays were done with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against hog cholera virus (hcv) to map the corresponding epitopes. a model was constructed in which the 13 epitopes were situated in four distinct antigenic domains: a, b, c and d. domain a was subdivided into a1, a2 and a3. the functional relevance of this model was assessed by the characterization of pestivirus strains, by neutralization studies with the mabs, and by isolation of variants ... | 1989 | 2479712 |
| antigenic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) viruses recently isolated from persistently infected cattle and mucosal disease, and serologic survey on bovine sera using antigenically different bvd-md viruses. | twenty nine recent isolates of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) virus, 17 from persistently infected cattle and 12 from mucosal disease, were compared antigenically with the reference strains by a serum neutralization test. the reference viruses were divided into 2 groups, tentatively designated as n and k, based on the antigenic relationships in the cross-neutralization test. antigenic properties of recent isolates were considerably different with the sources of virus isolation. s ... | 1989 | 2481058 |
| viral antigen distribution in the central nervous system of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | distribution of viral antigens in the central nervous system of 25 cattle with a persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection was studied. using a polyclonal antiserum produced in pigs and the direct immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase technique, bvdv antigen was located exclusively in neurons. predilection sites for viral persistence were cerebral cortex and hippocampus; in other areas of brain and spinal cord, viral antigens were in single neurons or small groups of neurons. the ... | 1989 | 2536511 |