| isolations in a mosquito (aedes pseudoscutellaris) cell line (mos. 61) of yellow fever virus strains from original field material. | a simple, rapid and inexpensive method of isolating yellow fever (yf) virus from naturally infected mosquitoes, human liver and the serum of a sentinel monkey by inoculation of a continuous line of mosquito cells is described. the mosquito cells were more sensitive than suckling mice and marginally better than vero cells for primary isolation. this is the first time that mosquito cells have been successfully used for primary isolation of yf virus from field material. | 1975 | 5385 |
| the opposite temperature-sensitivity character (ts) in two attenuated flaviviruses, used for human immunization: 17d yellow fever and e5"14" (langat) viruses. a reappraisal of thoughts. | for the reproduction of the man-attenuated e5"14" clone of the langat virus (tick-borne encephalitis complex) in pig kidney epithelial cells, the temperature of 39 degrees c was shown as restrictive, whereas it was permissive for the 17d strain of yellow fever virus and three virulent strains of tick-borne encephalitis (western subtype) virus. the temperature of 36 degrees c permitted the reproduction of all viruses studied. the implication of genetic marker studies in the assessment of human ne ... | 1976 | 11663 |
| technical note on the isolation of arboviruses by inoculation in young mice: preparation of the mosquito brei. | studying the effects of centrifugation and deep freezing on the quantity of yellow fever virus in a grinded pool of mosquitoes, the authors followed the mortality rate of inoculated baby mice with twenty five artificially infected mosquitoes treated in four different ways. the statistical analysis of the results show that centrifugation and deep freezing have both an effect on the titer of virus and that the addition of the two treatments have an effect superior to the addition of the separate e ... | 1977 | 23219 |
| cross reactions among flaviviruses in macrophage migration inhibition assay. | adult swiss albino mice were immunized intravenously with flaviviviruses. cellular immune response was studied by macrophage migration inhibition assay. migration of cells from sensitized mice was significantly inhibited in the presence of homologous virus or antigen. migration inhibition was also significant with serologically related viruses, thus establishing cross reaction in cellular immune response. | 1978 | 29477 |
| [a serological survey of arboviruses in the human population of senegal]. | 2,457 serum samples collected during an epidemiological survey on treponematosis in senegal by the w. h. o. ir051 team in five areas of senegal between 1972 and 1975 were studied for arbovirus antibodies using hemagglutination inhibition test. in addition 998 were studied using cf test and 1012 in neutralization test with yellow fever virus. the prevalence of arbovirus antibodies is important in all the country and does not vary basically between the different areas. in group a, chikungunya anti ... | 1978 | 33772 |
| [determination of arbovirus group affiliation in the indirect hemagglutination reaction]. | a dry polyvalent erythrocyte immunoglobulin diagnostic preparation for arboviruses of group b may be prepared to be used in the indirect hemagglutination test. the preparation detects antigens of arboviruses of this group in the tissue culture fluid and in suckling mouse brain tissue treated with sucrose-acetone. the test with group b arbovirus antigens is inhibited specifically by the homologous polyvalent immune gamma globulin. inhibition of hemagglutination by species-specific immune globulin ... | 1975 | 54999 |
| replication of flaviviruses in mouse organ cultures [proceedings]. | | 1976 | 66024 |
| interaction of mouse peritoneal macrophages with different arboviruses in vitro [proceedings]. | | 1976 | 66026 |
| herpes simplex and yellow-fever vaccine. | | 1977 | 69858 |
| hideyo noguchi (1876-1928): his final effort. | | 1977 | 72623 |
| laboratory studies on the transmission of yellow fever virus by aedes (finlaya) notoscriptus (dipt., culicidae). | aedes (finlaya) notoscriptus (skuse), a mosquito which occupies a similar ecological niche to aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l), the urban vector of yellow fever virus, was screened as a possible vector of this disease. the results indicate that almost certainly ae. notoscriptus is refractory to the virus and could not act as a vector if yellow fever were introduced to australia. | 1977 | 96783 |
| more about yellow fever. | | 1979 | 108626 |
| [isolation in east senegal of a yellow fever virus strain from a pool of aedes belonging to the subgenus diceromyia]. | during an epidemiological survey of yellow fever in eastern senegal, one strain of yellow fever virus was isolated in december 1976 from wild mosquitoes. this first isolate obtained in nature from aedes subgenus diceromyia shows the primordial part these vectors may have in the area studied. it corroborates the existence of a selvatic focus of yellow fever in this region. it also gives information on the transmission cycle in a dry area. | 1978 | 114320 |
| [isolation of the yellow fever virus from an egg-cluster and the larvae of the tick amblyomma variegatum]. | the yellow fever virus is isolated in natura from eggs of a tick amblyomma variegatum. it is then isolated from larvae issued from the same egg-cluster and also from blood of a monkey bitten by larvae of the same origin. it is reported that the same virus has been previously obtained from adults of the same species of tick. an acarine appears for the first time as a sylvatic vector and reservoir (at least temporary) of yellow fever. | 1979 | 117946 |
| [sulphated glycosaminoglycans as virus inhibitors. 2nd communication: inhibitory effect of glycosaminoglycanpolysulphates on yellow fever virus 17 d in animal experiments (author's transl)]. | glycosaminoglycanpolysulfates (gagps) have virus inhibiting properties demonstrable by means of tissue culture in the plaque method. in brain preparations of children who had died of a hyperpyretic toxicosis, cell necroses were found corresponding to the picture of tissue culture plaques. the question arose from these observations whether this inhibiting effect of gagps can perhaps also be demonstrated in vivo. in animal experiments, cell necroses corresponding to those of the infant brain could ... | 1975 | 125022 |
| [use and effectiveness of multiple vaccines of life viruses]. | | 1975 | 126063 |
| [sulphated glycosaminoglycans as virus inhibitors. 3rd communication: therapy of viral diseases by means of glycoasaminoglycanpolysulphates. establishment of fundamentals in experiments with laboratory animals (author's transl)]. | following the in vitro and in vivo demonstration of their inhibitory effect upon 17 d yellow fever virus (comm. i and ii) it has been tried to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of three gagps (l1, l5, l8)1 in experimental animals. it had been found that l1 possessed the strongest inhibitory action and l5 the lowest toxicity. l8 served as control substance with different chemical structure. mice that had been intracerebrally infected with 50 to 100 ld50 yellow fever virus were subsequently treat ... | 1975 | 126622 |
| specific immunity and nonspecific resistance to infection: listeria, protozoa, and viruses in mice and hamsters,. | specific immunity developed by mice against protozoan (toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia jellisoni) and bacterial (listeria monocytogenes) infections was compared with nonspecific protection conferred by prior infections. the results indicated that homologous immunity protected mice from more than 10-5 ld50 of t. gondii or b. jellisoni, but from only 10-2 ld50 of l. monocytogenes. heterospecific protection among these organisms was for 10-0.4 minus 10-1.2 ld50. in studies in hamsters specific immu ... | 1975 | 165241 |
| [a strain of amaril virus isolated from aedes africanus in the ivory coast]. | the yellow fever virus has been isolated from a pool of aedes africanus caught on men in a region situated between forest and savannah near touba, in the ivory coast. this isolation, occurring at an interepidemic period, proves for the first time in west africa, the part played by this mosquito in the transmission of the yellow fever virus. | 1975 | 171098 |
| [the neuronal torres bodies in experimental yellow fever encephalomyelitis. an additional example of the heterogeneous nature of cowdry type a intranuclear inclusions]. | in experimental yellow fever virus encephalomyelitis of adult albino mice, the occurrence of intranuclear inclusions within nerve cells, in particular, within spinal and bulbar motoneurons, is a constant finding. the light microscopic features of these so-called neuronal torres bodies correspond entirely to the criteria laid down by cowdry for the type a intranuclear inclusions. at the ultrastructural level, these karyoplasmic formations consist of haphazardly distributed patches of an essential ... | 1976 | 183626 |
| [development of criteria for vaccine safety from the position of the immunopathology of infectious diseases]. | | 1977 | 193323 |
| pathogen transmission in relation to feeding and digestion by haematophagous arthropods. | the blood feeding habit, especially among opportunist feeders such as tabanids and stomoxys is known to result in transmission of diseases for which the vectors are not the obligate or alternate hosts. thus, mechanical transmission of trypanosomes such as t. vivax can occur in cattle herds outside tsetse fly areas where tabanids are actively feeding. in the case of yaws, mechanical transmission of the spirochaetes by eye flies (hippelates pallipes) in the west indies is thought to be most likely ... | 1975 | 240257 |
| an epidemiologic and serologic study of arboviruses in lake rudolf basin. | an epidemiologic and serologic study of arboviruses was done in 1972 in the basin of lake rudolf. the main object of this study was to demarcate the southern limit of the yellow fever epidemic which occurred from 1959 to 1962 in southern sudan and ethiopia. other purposes were to contribute to the inventory of arboviruses and their distribution in this region. the ethnic groups were studied: the nyangatom and the dassanetch in ethiopia and the turkana in northern kenya. the results of tests on s ... | 1975 | 242102 |
| [isolation of the yellow fever virus in paris from 2 imported human cases]. | | 1979 | 261928 |
| indirect immunofluorescence and electronmicroscopy for the diagnosis of yellow fever virus infection. | | 1978 | 371553 |
| application of single-radial-haemolysis test for the detection of antibodies to togaviruses. | the newly developed single-radial-haemolysis technique was employed in this study for screening of sera for detection of antibodies to three nigerian togaviruses. this technique was compared with the standard haemagglutination-inhibition method. a close correlation between the two techniques was observed. | 1979 | 389203 |
| evaluation of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods for antibody determination against chikungunya, west nile and yellow fever viruses. | | 1979 | 391161 |
| nonspecific immunofluorescent staining of mosquito salivary gland. | | 1979 | 397344 |
| a yellow fever epizootic in zika forest, uganda, during 1972: part 1: virus isolation and sentinel monkeys. | the results of the yellow fever immunity survey of central and east africa reported by sawyer & whitman in 1936 prompted scientists to undertake well-planned epidemiological studies on yellow fever in eastern africa. a yellow fever research institute (the present east african virus research institute) was established at entebbe in 1936 for this purpose. one of the areas where much work has been carried out is a strip of typical tropical forest, the zika forest, 12 kilometres from the institute. ... | 1977 | 407675 |
| a yellow fever epizootic in zika forest, uganda, during 1972: part 2: monkey serology. | during the 1972 yellow fever epizootic in zika forest, uganda, sera from 21 monkeys shot in a number of forests around the entebbe area were tested for the presence of a number of arbovirus antibodies. all sera were tested for antibodies against chikungunya (chik), o'nyong-nyong (onn), zika, yellow fever (yf) west nile (wn) and wesselsbron (wess) by the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test. because of the crossreaction within the flaviviruses (group b arboviruses) mouse protection test (pt) wa ... | 1977 | 413216 |
| transovarial transmission of yellow fever virus by mosquitoes (aedes aegypti). | female aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with yellow fever virus by intrathoracic inoculation transmitted the virus to a small percentage of their f1 progeny. infected offspring were obtained from surface-sterilized as well as from untreated eggs, indicating that the virus was transovarially transmitted. vertical transmission of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes may be an alternative mechanism for biological survival of the virus during adverse periods or in the absence of susceptible vertebrate ... | 1979 | 434305 |
| detection of arbovirus antibodies in avian sera by the complement fixation-inhibition test. | the complement fixation-inhibition (cfi) test was described for the detection of antibodies to arboviruses in bird sera. the cfi antibody present in bird sera inhibited the standard complement-fixation reaction of a reference complement-fixing antigen-antibody pair. using reference antigens (st. louis encephalitis, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, western equine encephalomyelitis, and yellow fever) prepared from infected mouse brains and reference antisera prepared in rabbits or horses, reprodu ... | 1979 | 464371 |
| evaluation of aedes albopictus tissue culture for use in association with arbovirus isolation. | the susceptibility and sensitivity of aedes albopictus cell cultures to five different primary and four different low-passage arboviruses were tested. yellow fever, west nile, ilesha, eastern equine encephalitis, and flanders viruses replicated in a albopictus tissue cultures. replication was determined by the ability of selected tissue culture fluids to infect suckling mice, and by recovery from tissue culture fluid of progressively increasing amounts of complement-fixing (cf) antigen with time ... | 1979 | 479863 |
| zika virus infections in nigeria: virological and seroepidemiological investigations in oyo state. | a study of zika virus infections was carried out in four communities in oyo state, nigeria. virus isolation studies between 1971 and 1975 yielded two virus isolations from human cases of mild febrile illness. haemagglutination-inhibition tests revealed a high prevalence of antibodies to zika and three other flaviviruses used. the percentages of positive sera were as follows: zika (31%), yellow fever (50%), west nile (46%), and wesselsbron (59%). neutralization tests showed that 40% of nigerians ... | 1979 | 489960 |
| [a contribution to infection with yellow fever virus 17d in chick embryos (author's transl)]. | during the production of yellow fever virus 17 d vaccine from chick embryos, few embryos die in the time between injection of the eggs and harvest of the embryos. in order to answer the question whether the death of the embryos is due to the infection or to the injury caused by the injection, it is necessary to examine the embryos macro- and microscopically for pathological changes. 8 and 9 days old chick embryos were inoculated into the amniotic cavity with different concentrations of yellow fe ... | 1977 | 559399 |
| [long-term infection of a cell culture from newborn mouse brain with the fnv strain of yellow fever virus (author's transl)]. | a cell culture from brains of one day old mice was infected with a high multiplicity of the french neurotropic strain of yellow fever virus (fnv); the infected cell culture produced and released infectious fnv for more than 180 days post-inoculation with titres between 10(0.6) and 10(6.4) pfu/ml. the cell sheet exhibited some rare plaques of round cells with a slow centrifugal extension; the destruction of the cell sheet was not complete before 200 days post-inoculation. | 1977 | 565183 |
| human arthropod-borne virus infections in nigeria. serological and virological investigations and shaki, oyo state. | during the early dry season of 1972, an arbovirus surveillance was carried out is shaki. on hundred and twenty human blood samples and 304 sera were processed for virus isolation and serology respectively. a high prevalence of antibodies to 8 arbovirus antigens was found in the community. percentage of positive sera was as follows: chikungunya (24%) sindbis (19%), yellow fever (55%), dengue (54%), west nile (58%) and wesselsbron (67%). human infections by ilesha virus (35%) and ingwavuma (15%) ... | 1978 | 570581 |
| relation between decreased mental efficiency in mice and the presence of cerebral lesions after experimental encephalitis caused by yellow fever virus. | the behavior of 1,072 mice that had recovered from encephalitic infection with intracerebrally injected yellow fever virus 17d and of 216 normal mice was tested in a maze and on a horizontal rod rotating around its axle. infected animals needed more time (average, 8.90 min) to find their food in a maze than did normal animals (average, 4.37 min). infected mice were able to stay on the rotating rod for a shorter time (average, 6.4 seconds) than were normal animals (average, 9.0 seconds). the corr ... | 1979 | 571891 |
| benefit versus risk factors in immunization against yellow fever. | | 1979 | 574841 |
| electron microscopic observation of the budding maturation of group b arboviruses. | | 1977 | 593173 |
| influence of various temperatures in relation to time on 17-d yellow fever virus vaccines. | | 1978 | 624735 |
| an epidemic of yellow fever in central brazil. 1972-1973. i. epidemiological studies. | an epidemic of jungle yellow fever occurred in goiás state, brazil, between december 1972 and march 1973. laboratory confirmed cases were observed in 36 counties located in the central and southern parts of the state. seventy-one cases were proved, of which 44 were fatal. the diagnosis was made on the basis of pathology, serology, and virus isolation. besides yellow fever, malaria and viral hepatitis were present, and in two fatal cases there was malarial pigment in the liver in addition to the ... | 1978 | 626268 |
| [yellow fever]. | | 1978 | 675602 |
| ultrastructural cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase-positive monocyte granules: an additional method for studying the origin of mononuclear cells in encephalitic lesions. | unlike lymphocytes, blood monocytes possess in their cytoplasm peroxidase-positive (azurophil) granules (ppg) which largely correspond to the homonymous organelles of neutrophil granulocytes. we tested whether ppg, demonstrated cytochemically at the submicroscopic level, could serve as markers of monocyte-derived reactive mononuclear cells in encephalitic lesions. samples of cerebrocortical tissue from adult albino mice with experimental yellow fever virus encephalitis were incubated in a medium ... | 1978 | 676687 |
| [a serological survey of arboviruses in gabon]. | serological studies for arbovirus antibodies were carried out on 1.279 human serum specimens collected from adults in south-eastern part of gabon from june to september 1975 during a multipurpose epidemiological survey. more than 80% of the population surveyed have neutralizing antibodies for yellow fever virus as consequence of mass vaccination campaign. chikungunya, zika, wesselsbron and koutango virus showed some activity, especially in woodland savannahs. | 1978 | 743766 |
| effects of adverse storage on live virus vaccines. | a vaccine stored strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions can be used with confidence up to the designated expiry date. however, problems with transport, refrigeration plant, or electricity supply may lead to the exposure of a vaccine under field conditions, and particularly in tropical countries, to high or fluctuating temperatures. we have therefore studied the stability of the standard formulations of our live yellow fever virus, poliovirus and rubella virus vaccines, when they w ... | 1978 | 753656 |
| [françois miyeli (1911-1927-1973) and the french strain of yellow fever virus]. | | 1975 | 770022 |
| [electron microscopy of type b arboviruses]. | | 1976 | 789943 |
| serum lactate dehydrogenase of normal, stressed, and yellow fever virus-infected rhesus monkeys. | serum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (sldh) was studied in both healthy and yellow fever virus (yfv)-infected young adult rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). in healthy monkeys, significant variation (p less than 0.001) was observed for both total activity and isoenzyme distribution among the following comparisons: individual monkeys, different days, different times of day, and caged versus chair-restrained monkeys (until 7 da after chair restraint). however, variability of baseline values was reduce ... | 1976 | 820921 |
| the thermal stability of a stabilized 17d yellow fever virus vaccine. | | 1977 | 893463 |
| stabilized 17d strain yellow fever vaccine: dose response studies, clinical reactions and effects on hepatic function. | | 1977 | 893464 |
| epidemiological investigations on arbovirus infections at igbo-ora, nigeria. | a study of arbovirus infections occurring in igbo-ora community was carried out between may and october 1975. haemagglutination inhibition test performed on seventy-eight human sera showed a high prevalence of antibodies against all the six arboviruses used. percentage of positive sera were as follows: chikungunya, (28%); yellow fever (36%); dengue type 1 (67%); dengue type 2 (45%). prevalence of hi antibodies to west nile and wesselsbron viruses were 44% and 59% respectively. virus isolation st ... | 1977 | 906078 |
| aedes aegypti strain fitness for yellow fever virus transmission. | three geographical strains of aedes aegypti from thailand (amphur), east africa (kampala), and the west indies (santo domingo) were compared for susceptibility to infection with low-passage yellow fever virus (french viscerotropic) as well as for ability to transmit virus by bite at varying extrinsic incubation periods. santo domingo strain appeared the most competent and kampala the least when mosquitoes were exposed to a low level virus-infecting blood meal; at higher virus levels, a similar t ... | 1977 | 907058 |
| [effect of neonatal thymectomy on encephalic lesions of newborn mice infected with yellow fever virus]. | | 1976 | 966988 |
| infection of an aedes aegypti cell line with infectious arbovirus-antibody complexes. | aedes aegypti cells exposed to infectious complexes of wn or yf virus and homologous antiserum produced lower yields of virus over a 10-day observation period than were produced by aedes aegypti cells treated with a comparable dose of virus mixed with non-immune serum. when ae. aegypti cells were infected with wn virus mixed with mve, nta, den-2 or yf antisera the virus yield over 10 days was lower than in cell cultures infected at similar titres with mixtures of wn virus with non-immune serum. ... | 1976 | 982518 |
| antibodies against arboviruses in sierra leone. | sera from 180 blood donors in sierra leone were examined by combined hemagglutination - inhibition, complement fixation, and neutralization tests for antibodies against 10 arbovirus. the donors were 20 to 40 years old and resident at panguma, tongo, serabu and segbwema. thirty sera (16.6%) had antibodies to group b viruses, the majority of which were to yellow fever virus as confirmed by n tests. nineteen sera had antibodies to arumowot virus and 4 to sindbis virus. n antibodies against ugmp 359 ... | 1976 | 1006793 |
| [scientific-methodological foundations of the study and assessment of vaccine side-effects]. | it is emphasized that against the background of significant changes in the epidemic situation and technical possibilities of mass vaccinations the injurious action of a number of traditionally used vaccines served as the cause of revision of the strategy and tactics of their use. the conept according to which the character of the changes in the organism of individuals inoculated with the liver vaccines should display a principal difference from such in the individuals vaccinated with the prepara ... | 1976 | 1007715 |
| [decrease in efficiency after experimental virus encephalitis. small scale experimental tests on mice and histologic evaluation (author's transl)]. | two different experiments were set up in order to test the efficiency of 281 mice which had been infected intracerebrally with yellow fever virus 17 d of various dilutions (10(-1)-10(-5)); the tests were run after two time periods (40--55 days after infection = i. date, and 97 and 160 days after infection = ii. date). in the first experimental set-up the animals were to find their food in a labyrinth- after 24 hours without food, (labyrinth experiment, fig. 1). the time was taken from the moment ... | 1976 | 1015029 |
| [embryopathy (vaccinic?), congenital toxoplasmosis and neuroblastoma]. | | 1976 | 1018995 |
| long term storage studies with a new stabilised formulation of yellow fever virus vaccine. | a new formulation of yellow fever virus vaccine incorporating a stabiliser has been prepared which is very much more stable than conventional unstabilised vaccines. this vaccine has a half life of 2-4 years at 4 degrees c, 9 months at 20 degrees c and 10 days at 37 degrees c. its greater stability should have considerable advantages, especially when it is used in tropical countries. | 1976 | 1030425 |
| immunologic chimerism as evidence of bone marrow graft acceptance in an identical twin with acute lymphocytic leukemia. | bone marrow from a well child was infused into her identical twin who had acute lymphocytic leukemia. in an attempt to provide an immunologic tag for use in twin transplantation, the donor twin was immunized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) and yellow fever virus prior to the marrow infusion. subsequent immunological chimerism in the recipient twin gave evidence for graft acceptance. | 1975 | 1100419 |
| the relative resistance of dengue-immune monkeys to yellow fever virus. | dengue-immune rhesus monkeys were challenged with a south american and two african strains of yellow fever virus. levels of viremia were reduced as compared with control nonimmunized monkeys. the results support the hypothesis that immunity to dengue in a human population acts as a barrier to establishment of yellow fever in that population. | 1975 | 1111351 |
| arthropod-borne viral infections of man in nigeria, 1964-1970. | during the years 1964 to 1970, 171 arboviruses of 15 different types were isolated from humans in nigeria. isolation rates were highest in 1969, and lowest in 1965 and 1967. monthly arbovirus activity was highest in the rainy season months of june, july and august and lowest in the dry months of january and february. viruses were isolated from all age groups, with the majority from children one to four years old. the viruses isolated in largest numbers were chikungunya and yellow fever, which ca ... | 1975 | 1124969 |
| concurrent and consecutive infection and immunisation with yellow fever and ugmp-359 viruses. | concurrent and consecutive infection and immunisation with yellow fever virus and ugmp-359 virus was investigated in mice, using identical doses of both viruses. in double infection it was shown that both viruses could multiply independently of one another, when both were inoculated simultaneously by the intracerebral route. on the other hand, there was mutual exclusion between them when the inoculation of one antedated the other, by the same intracerebral route. both viruses multiplied to simil ... | 1975 | 1147778 |
| virions and virus-associated structures within dendrites in an experimental flavovirus encephalomyelitis. | in experimental yellow fever virus encephalomyelitis of adult albino mice, virions, and virus-associated structures were observed not only inside neuronal perikarya but also within dendrites of varied size. the finding permits the following explanations: (1) either the viral agent is synthesized in the nerve cell bodies and transported intradendritically in a proximodistal direction; or (2) virus morphogenesis takes place in neuronal perikarya and dendrites as well; or (3) both possiblities are ... | 1975 | 1155274 |
| virus infections in infant mice causing persistent impairment of turnover of brain catecholamines. | newborn mice were inoculated with attenuated coxsackie type b4 virus. three-to-4-day old mice were infected with yellow fever virus vaccine. a number of mice survived the acute infections. some of these demonstrated residual neurological symptoms, some showed recovery from symptoms while others survived the infection without revealing symptoms of disease. determinations of dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the inoculated brains indi ... | 1975 | 1159458 |
| [serological and entomological study on yellow fever in sierra leone]. | in a serological and entomological survey on yellow fever carried out in sierra-leone in 1972, altogether 899 sera from children 0 to 14 years were tested with 12 antigens by haemagglutination-inhibition and complement fixation tests. mouse neutralization test with yellow fever, west-nile and zika viruses were also performed on selected sera. generally speaking, the incidence of arboviruses is low but the prevalence of antibodies for some viruses was found to vary considerably between different ... | 1975 | 1243735 |
| [abnormality in the behaviour of mice after an experimental encephalitis by yellow fever virus 17 d. experiment model(author's transl)]. | viral encephalitides in infants are very often followed by serious mental manifestations. to be able experimentally to investigate this pathological phenomenon, we established the following model. mice having recovered from an intracerebral infection with yellow fever virus 17 d (routine test for the potency of yellow fever vaccine) and giving the impression of normal and healthy animals were examined for their psychical behaviour. as unit of measurement we took the time for running through a la ... | 1976 | 1258562 |
| induction of autoantibodies to human enzymes following viral infection: a biologically relevant hypothesis. | macro enzymes, i.e. complexes of normal (iso-)enzymes with an immunoglobulin, may be due to immunological cross-reactions evoked by specific viral antigenic determinants that are homologous to regions in the target enzymes. a search of the national biomedical research foundation protein databank with the amino-acid sequence of human pancreatic amylase revealed a marked homology with a fragment of the yellow fever virus major envelope protein e: i.e. an overall identity of 19.7 per cent and a hig ... | 1992 | 1280166 |
| human antibodies to dengue and yellow fever do not react in diagnostic assays for hepatitis c virus. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a recently described causative agent of the great majority of post-transfusion non a-non b hepatitis and is classified within the flaviviridae family. due to a high prevalence of anti-hcv and other flaviviruses circulating in brazil, such as dengue and yellow fever, we investigated the possibility of serological cross-reactivity between these viruses. different panels of human sera positive for dengue type 1 (9 cases) and type 2 (7 cases) from 6 patients naturally infe ... | 1992 | 1285268 |
| virus safety of human immunoglobulins: efficient inactivation of hepatitis c and other human pathogenic viruses by the manufacturing procedure. | human immunoglobulins are plasma derivatives with a low risk of transmitting viral infections. to the present, no proven case of human immunoglobulins transmitting human immunodeficiency viruses has been reported. however, there have been a few reports on the transmission of hepatitis c virus by these plasma proteins. to improve further the safety of both 5s iv human immunoglobulins and 7s im immunoglobulins, we introduced a 10-hour heat treatment of the aqueous solutions at 60 degrees c (i.e., ... | 1992 | 1314286 |
| a stochastic analysis of three viral sequences. | this paper analyzes the nucleotide sequences of three viruses: kunjin, west nile, and yellow fever. each virus has one long open reading frame of greater than 10,200 nucleotides that codes for four structural and seven nonstructural genes. the kunjin and west nile viruses are the most closely related pair, when assessed on the basis of matches between their nucleotide sequences. as would be expected, the matching is least for bases at third-position codon sites and is greatest for second-positio ... | 1992 | 1321321 |
| [transfusion-associated non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis caused by flaviviruses]. | hepatitis c virus was shown to be a member of the flavivirus family. tick-borne encephalitis virus and west nile virus, members of the same family occur in hungary, too. serum samples from patients suffering from transfusion associated hepatitis were tested with yellow fever virus antigens for specific igg, and igm using immunofluorescence test. eight hundred serum samples were tested. yellow fever virus related igg antibodies were found in 232 sera. in the case of 72 patients specific igm antib ... | 1992 | 1321397 |
| use of mac-elisa for evaluation of yellow fever vaccination. | an evaluation of the igm antibody immune response against yellow fever using strain 17d was carried out by mac-elisa and prnt. the results showed an agreement of 97% between both tests and the authors conclude that mac-elisa can be used as a specific and sensitive assay to replace the prnt for detecting yellow fever antibodies in human sera, after vaccination programs. | 1992 | 1342109 |
| estimating prevalence by group testing using generalized linear models. | a method is described for estimating prevalence by group testing using generalized linear models. this provides a simple way of analysing such data using widely available software. existing methodology to correct for overdispersion using quasi-likelihoods is applied to the group testing model. the methods are illustrated by an estimation of salmonella contamination in eggs, and of yellow fever virus infection in a mosquito population. | 1992 | 1359621 |
| identification of envelope protein epitopes that are important in the attenuation process of wild-type yellow fever virus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been prepared against vaccine and wild-type strains of yellow fever (yf) virus, and envelope protein epitopes specific for vaccine (mabs h5 and h6) and wild-type (mabs s17, s18, s24, and s56) strains of yf virus have been identified. wild-type yf virus fvv, dakar 1279, and b4.1 were each given six passages in hela cells. fvv and b4.1 were attenuated for newborn mice following passage in hela cells, whereas dakar 1279 was not. examination of the envelope proteins ... | 1992 | 1376368 |
| variation in the biological function of envelope protein epitopes of yellow fever vaccine viruses detected with monoclonal antibodies. | three different virus strains (17d-204, 17dd and the french neurotropic vaccine) have been used as live attenuated yellow fever (yf) vaccines and are manufactured in different centres around the world. the envelope proteins of these vaccine viruses were examined and compared using mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in haemagglutination inhibition (hai) and neutralization (n) tests. the epitopes eliciting hai and/or n were found to vary depending on the virus examined. such variation was also fou ... | 1992 | 1389107 |
| hazards of vaccine production. | | 1992 | 1478477 |
| [the use of tapioca as coverage in viral titration]. | virus titration is an important step required on viral vaccines quality control. "plaque assay", which employs several types of overlay media, is usually used on viral titrations. in this paper we describe the use of tapioca as an overlay media. firstly, the toxicity of tapioca was tested on vero cells inoculated or not with the yellow fever virus (yf) 17dd vaccine strain. secondly, different batches of the 17dd virus using the tapioca and karaya gum as the overlay on vero cells were tested when ... | 1992 | 1492720 |
| yellow fever 17dd vaccine virus is temperature sensitive when grown in mosquito c6-36 cells. | twenty-three yellow fever (yf) vaccine viruses and three wild-type yf viruses were propagated independently in human adenocarcinoma (sw13) cells and mosquito aedes albopictus c6-36 cells. the three yf 17dd vaccine viruses were found to be slightly temperature sensitive (ts) at 39.5 degrees c versus 37.0 degrees c (efficiency of plaquing 0.04 to 0.1) following propagation in c6-36 but not in sw13 cells. a plaque-purified preparation of the 17dd vaccine manufactured in brazil was ts when grown in ... | 1992 | 1523874 |
| monoclonal antibodies identify the ns5 yellow fever virus non-structural protein in the nuclei of infected cells. | eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) derived using yellow fever (yf) virus (french viscerotropic virus strain) labelled the nuclei (wild-type strains) and/or the nucleoli (vaccine strains) of cells infected with different strains of yf virus. the specificity of these antibodies for yf virus-infected cells was confirmed using mabs that bind only the yf virus envelope glycoprotein. the characteristics of fluorescent labelling in the nuclei and nucleoli of both normal cells and of nuclei separate fro ... | 1992 | 1534119 |
| heterogeneity in envelope protein sequence and n-linked glycosylation among yellow fever virus vaccine strains. | we have compared the deduced envelope (e) protein sequences of two biologically well-characterized yellow fever (yf) virus vaccine strains. the 17dd strain has been produced in brazil for more than 50 years and used to successfully vaccinate millions of people worldwide. the 17d-213 is a candidate vaccine strain produced in tissue culture which has previously passed the monkey neurovirulence assay for testing human yf vaccines. nucleotide sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ... | 1992 | 1566570 |
| dengue virus infection of human skin fibroblasts in vitro production of ifn-beta, il-6 and gm-csf. | dengue virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitos. in our efforts to understand the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection, we examined whether skin fibroblasts can be infected in vitro with dengue viruses. fibroblasts could be infected with dengue viruses, yellow fever virus and west nile virus. dengue virus antigen-positive cells were detected as early as 4 h and the percentage of dengue virus antigen-positive cells reached maximum levels by 24 h after infection. high tit ... | 1992 | 1571018 |
| human fatal yellow fever. immunohistochemical detection of viral antigens in the liver, kidney and heart. | an immunohistochemical method to detect yellow fever antigen was developed using immune sera from rabbits and hamsters and hyperimmune ascitic fluid from mice. a search for the antigen was carried out in liver, kidney and heart in three fatal cases of yellow fever. in the liver it was present in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, councilman bodies and kupffer cells. yellow fever antigen was also detected in renal tubular epithelium and in groups of myocardial fibers. these findings suggest that viral ... | 1992 | 1594489 |
| flavivirus enzyme-substrate interactions studied with chimeric proteinases: identification of an intragenic locus important for substrate recognition. | the proteins of flaviviruses are translated as a single long polyprotein which is co- and posttranslationally processed by both cellular and viral proteinases. we have studied the processing of flavivirus polyproteins in vitro by a viral proteinase located within protein ns3 that cleaves at least three sites within the nonstructural region of the polyprotein, acting primarily autocatalytically. recombinant polyproteins in which part of the polyprotein is derived from yellow fever virus and part ... | 1991 | 1651406 |
| genetic selection of a flavivirus-refractory strain of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | two inbred (isofemale) aedes aegypti mosquito lines were derived that manifested a resistant or susceptible phenotype following ingestion of yellow fever virus; lack of virus movement from the midgut defined the resistant phenotype. other flaviviruses, including dengue 1-4, uganda s, and zika, viruses behaved in a similar fashion in the two mosquito lines. crosses between the two lines produced progeny that were of intermediate susceptibility, indicating codominance; f2 backcrosses to the parent ... | 1991 | 1659238 |
| [estimation of the survival rate, the relative density and the infection rate of a population of haemagogus janthinomys dyar (diptera, culicidae) from which strains of yellow fever were isolated in brazilian amazon]. | the conditions of maintenance of yf virus in brazilian amazonia are not yet elucidated. generally, the presence of the virus is attested by human cases of sylvatic origin. during a survey done at the exact place where a man have probably been contaminated, it was possible for the first time in south america, to estimate the mean parity rate of a population of the potential vector haemagogus janthinomys, from which the yf virus was actually isolated. the survival rate (ts = 0.96), the biting rate ... | 1991 | 1687266 |
| identification of monoclonal antibodies that distinguish between 17d-204 and other strains of yellow fever virus. | eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) prepared against the flaviviruses saint louis encephalitis, dengue 2 and dengue 3 viruses all recognized epitopes on the envelope protein of the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever (yf) virus. three of these mabs with flavivirus group-common specificity and two mabs with a flavivirus-subgroup specificity were found to distinguish wild-type yf viruses from yf 17d-204 vaccine virus, but not from the closely related 17dd vaccine virus, nor from the french neurotrop ... | 1990 | 1689367 |
| immunogenicity of a purified fragment of 17d yellow fever envelope protein. | information on the immunogenic properties of purified flavivirus proteins may be useful in the development of recombinant or synthetic peptide vaccines. using a monoclonal antibody, an attempt was made to purify the envelope (e) protein of 17d yellow fever virus (17d yf) by affinity chromatography. the purified material could not be identified as intact e protein but it did bear antigenic determinants of e as determined by selective reactivity with anti-e monoclonal antibodies. rabbits immunized ... | 1990 | 1693159 |
| computer analysis of antigenic domains and rgd-like sequences (rgwg) in the e glycoprotein of flaviviruses: an approach to vaccine development. | antigenic domains and rgd-like sequences in the e glycoprotein of the flaviviruses japanese encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, west nile virus, dengue type 4 virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus were analyzed by computer programs that provide information on the physical properties of the polypeptides. the use of computer programs for the development of vaccines based on the synthesis of antigenic peptides is discussed. synthetic viral peptides are proposed to be used for topical applica ... | 1990 | 1702915 |
| dengue virus-specific, human cd4+ cd8- cytotoxic t-cell clones: multiple patterns of virus cross-reactivity recognized by ns3-specific t-cell clones. | thirteen dengue virus-specific, cytotoxic cd4+ cd8- t-cell clones were established from a donor who was infected with dengue virus type 3. these clones were examined for virus specificity and human leukocyte antigen (hla) restriction in cytotoxic assays. six patterns of virus specificities were determined. two serotype-specific clones recognized only dengue virus type 3. two dengue virus subcomplex-specific clones recognized dengue virus types 2, 3, and 4, and one subcomplex-specific clone recog ... | 1991 | 1705990 |
| characterization of yellow fever virus proteins e and ns1 expressed in vero and spodoptera frugiperda cells. | the cdna encoding the e and ns1 proteins of the yellow fever virus (yfv) was expressed in spodoptera frugiperda cells via the recombinant baculovirus ac-e. ns1 as a gp100 precursor which was cleaved to generate the recombinant proteins e and ns1 similar in size, folding and antigenicity to the authentic ones. recombinant protein e exhibited immunodominant epitopes as judged by its reactivity with yfv-neutralizing mabs. using the triton x-114 phase separation system, authentic and recombinant e p ... | 1991 | 1710649 |
| 17d yellow fever vaccine virus envelope protein expressed by recombinant baculovirus is antigenically indistinguishable from authentic viral protein. | we have constructed a recombinant baculovirus containing cloned dna encoding the membrane and envelope (e) proteins of 17d yellow fever vaccine virus. spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with this recombinant baculovirus produced a 66k protein which corresponded to the estimated size of the protein encoded by the cloned inserted dna, and a 54k protein with the same molecular size as that of the authentic 17d yellow fever virus e protein. this recombinant 54k protein was labile, producing e prot ... | 1991 | 1710651 |
| recombinant vaccinia virus producing the prm and e proteins of yellow fever virus protects mice from lethal yellow fever encephalitis. | four recombinant vaccinia viruses were constructed for expression of different portions of the 17d yellow fever virus (yfv-17d) open reading frame. a recombinant, vp869, expressing prm and e induced high titers of neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies in mice and was protective against intracranial challenge with the french neurotropic strain of yfv. levels of protection were equivalent to those achieved by immunization with the yfv-17d vaccine virus. recombinant vaccinia virus ... | 1992 | 1736531 |
| [a new combined vaccine against yellow fever and measles in infants aged 6 to 24 months in mali]. | in a rural area in mali, 453 children were randomly enrolled in a study comparing the safety and the immunogenicity of a combined yellow-fever-measles freeze dried vaccine with each yellow-fever and measles separate administration. children were divided in 2 populations 4-8 and 12-24 month old. 249 were controlled for measles (inhibition of hemagglutination) and yellow-fever (seroneutralization) antibodies. seroconversion rates for measles were 82% when administrated before 9 months and 100% whe ... | 1991 | 1819436 |
| global climate change and infectious diseases. | the effects of global climate change on infectious diseases are hypothetical until more is known about the degree of change in temperature and humidity that will occur. diseases most likely to increase in their distribution and severity have three-factor (agent, vector, and human being) and four-factor (plus vertebrate reservoir host) ecology. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes may move northward and have more rapid metamorphosis with global warming. these mosquitoes transmit dengue v ... | 1991 | 1820262 |
| glycosylation and secretion of yellow fever virus nonstructural protein ns1. | the flavivirus genome codes for structural and nonstructural proteins which are produced from a common polyprotein precursor by proteolytic processing. the nonstructural protein ns1 is hypothesized to be involved in virus assembly and maturation as well as in protective immunity. this paper describes the synthesis of several forms of yellow fever (yf) virus ns1 protein during virus cultivation in vitro. these include cell-associated and secreted ns1 forms, the major difference among these being ... | 1991 | 1828321 |
| processing of the yellow fever virus nonstructural polyprotein: a catalytically active ns3 proteinase domain and ns2b are required for cleavages at dibasic sites. | the vaccinia virus-t7 transient expression system was used to further examine the role of the ns3 proteinase in processing of the yellow fever (yf) virus nonstructural polyprotein in bhk cells. yf virus-specific polyproteins and cleavage products were identified by immunoprecipitation with region-specific antisera, by size, and by comparison with authentic yf virus polypeptides. a yf virus polyprotein initiating with a signal sequence derived from the e protein fused to the n terminus of ns2a an ... | 1991 | 1833562 |
| recombinant baculoviruses expressing yellow fever virus e and ns1 proteins elicit protective immunity in mice. | recently, we showed that yellow fever virus (yfv) e and ns1 proteins in spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus are similar, if not identical to those produced during yfv infection. to study the role of e and ns1 in the induction of protective immunity against fatal yfv challenge, these viral antigens were expressed either alone or in tandem via recombinant baculoviruses ac-e. ns1, ac-e1 and ac-ns1. swiss mice were immunized with lysates of insect cells infected with ... | 1991 | 1834798 |
| molecular analysis of yellow fever virus 17dd vaccine strain. | the oswaldo cruz foundation produces most of the yellow fever (yf) vaccine prepared worldwide. as part of a broader approach to determine the genetic variability in yf 17d seeds and vaccines and its relevance to viral attenuation the 17dd virus was purified directly from chick embryo homogenates which is the source of virus used for vaccination of millions of people in brazil and other countries for half a century. neutralization and hemagglutination tests showed that the purified virus is simil ... | 1991 | 1842415 |