| sequences of the four larger proteins of a porcine group c rotavirus and comparison with the equivalent group a rotavirus proteins. | the sequences of the four larger proteins of rotavirus group c (cowden strain) are presented and compared with the sequences of the corresponding group a proteins. they exhibit a significant level of homology, allowing gene coding assignment for the group c rotavirus. the coding strategy of the group c virus rna segment is the same as that for the group a large segments as one long open reading frame is present in each segment. the genome segment 1 encodes the structural protein vp1 which presen ... | 1992 | 1310192 |
| in vitro transcription and translation of genomic rna from a porcine group c rotavirus. | eleven segments of ssrna were synthesized from dsrnas of a porcine group (gp) c rotavirus (cowden strain) using an in vitro transcription system. in vitro translation of unfractionated ssrnas revealed at least nine viral proteins, ranging from 22 kda to 93 kda. the 37 kda and 25 kda proteins were glycosylated as demonstrated by the endoglycosidase h assay. in vitro translated products analyzed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and partial protease peptide mapping were comparable to those ... | 1992 | 1315134 |
| a family outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by group c rotavirus. | a family outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by group c rotavirus is described. all five members of the family, with children between 8 and 15 years of age, fell ill with diarrhea. the diagnosis was initially based on the detection of rotavirus rna showing a typical group c profile in gel electrophoresis in stool samples, and it was serologically verified from patient sera using a cell culture adapted porcine group c rotavirus as a source of standard antigen. all collected serum samples from the ... | 1992 | 1318707 |
| evidence of serologic diversity within group c rotaviruses. | the cowden strain of porcine group c rotavirus and the shintoku strain of bovine group c rotavirus were classified as different serotypes by two-way cross-neutralization tests. two neutralization patterns against the cowden and shintoku strains were observed when hyperimmune or convalescent-phase antisera to three noncultivatable porcine group c rotaviruses and a human group c rotavirus were used in one-way cross-neutralization tests. antisera to two porcine group c rotaviruses and the human gro ... | 1992 | 1333486 |
| group c rotavirus requires sialic acid for erythrocyte and cell receptor binding. | current immunological and biochemical information regarding the hemagglutinin and virus-cell interactions of rotavirus is obtained exclusively from studies with group a rotaviruses. in this study, i report that the immunologically and genetically distinct group c rotavirus also possesses a hemagglutinin. the viral hemagglutinin was identified on a cultivable porcine group c rotavirus strain (strain amc-1) by using agglutinated human and guinea pig erythrocytes. neuraminidase treatment of fresh h ... | 1992 | 1380096 |
| molecular analysis of the gene 6 from a porcine group c rotavirus that encodes the ns34 equivalent of group a rotaviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene 6 from the porcine group (gp) c rotavirus strain cowden was determined from gene 6-specific clones selected from a cdna library and from viral transcript rna. the gene is 1348 nucleotides in length with a potential initiation codon beginning at nucleotide 25 and a stop codon at nucleotide 1231. the deduced protein contains 402 amino acids. comparison of the gene 6 from this gp c strain with sequences in the genbank data base indicated that this gene s ... | 1991 | 1653496 |
| adaptation and serial passage of porcine group c rotavirus in st-cells, an established diploid swine testicular cell line. | a porcine group c rotavirus (strain cowden-amc-1) was adapted and serially passaged in an established diploid swine testicular cell line (st cells). growth of group c rotavirus in st cells, which in maintenance medium required trypsin, but not pancreatin resulted in cytopathic effect characterized by cellular stranding and subsequent cell lysis. active replication and assembly were confirmed by rna profile analysis, immune electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. adaptation of non-group a rot ... | 1991 | 1659801 |
| isolation, characterization, and serial propagation of a bovine group c rotavirus in a monkey kidney cell line (ma104). | a virus (designated the shintoku strain) which was morphologically indistinguishable from group a rotaviruses was detected in the feces of adult cows with diarrhea in japan. the virus contained 11 segments of double-stranded rna and had an electrophoretic migration pattern in polyacrylamide gels similar to that of other group c rotaviruses (4-3-2-2). feces containing the bovine virus reacted with antiserum to porcine group c rotavirus (cowden strain) but not group a or b rotaviruses in immunoele ... | 1991 | 1663512 |
| reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to the 41-kilodalton protein of porcine group c rotavirus with homologous and heterologous rotavirus serogroups in immunofluorescence tests. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to porcine group c rotavirus immunoprecipitated the major inner capsid protein (41 kda) but failed to precipitate group a rotavirus proteins. in immunofluorescence tests of rotavirus-infected cell cultures or pig intestines, the mabs recognized porcine and bovine group c rotaviruses but not group a or b rotaviruses. these mabs may recognize the group c rotavirus counterpart to vp6 of group a rotaviruses and may be useful as diagnostic reagents. | 1991 | 1663522 |
| biochemical characterization of the structural and nonstructural polypeptides of a porcine group c rotavirus. | purified virions or radiolabeled lysates of infected ma104 cells were used to characterize the structural and nonstructural polypeptides of a porcine group c rotavirus. at least six structural proteins were identified from purified group c rotavirus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. of these, two (37,000- and 33,000-molecular-weight polypeptides) were associated with the outer shell, as demonstrated by the ability of edta to remove them from the purified virion. the o ... | 1990 | 2161936 |
| porcine group c rotavirus as a cause of neonatal diarrhea in a quebec swine herd. | a porcine group c rotavirus was found to be the unique cause of a problem of enzootic neonatal diarrhea in a minimal disease herd composed of 190 sows on a continuous farrowing program. during the outbreaks of diarrhea, 10 to 80% of the litters were affected with a morbidity rate of 100% and case fatality rates of 5 to 10%. clinical signs began 24 to 48 h after birth and were characterized by a profuse yellow diarrhea lasting a few days. piglets from different outbreaks of diarrhea were necropsi ... | 1990 | 2165848 |
| [epidemiological study of group c rotavirus]. | by electron microscopy survey of acute gastroenteritis of children in matsuyama, rotaviruses were detected in 561 of 2479 fecal samples obtained between october, 1984 and september, 1988, in which 60 atypical and 259 typical rotaviruses, so far tested, were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of viral rna. out of 60 atypical rotaviruses, 5 were observed in 1985, 7 in 1986, none in 1987 and 48 in 1988. these atypical rotaviruses were morphologically indistinguishable from typica ... | 1990 | 2258643 |
| analysis of the structural polypeptides of a porcine group c rotavirus. | polyacrylamide gel analysis of the structural polypeptides of purified group c virions allowed six major proteins to be identified. of these, two (52,000- and 39,000-molecular-weight polypeptides) were shown to be in the outer virion shell as judged by the ability to strip them from virions by treatment with edta. treatment of purified particles with endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase f showed that the 39,000-molecular-weight outer shell polypeptide is probably posttranslationally glycosylated. s ... | 1988 | 2835518 |
| serial propagation of porcine group c rotavirus (pararotavirus) in a continuous cell line and characterization of the passaged virus. | the cowden strain of porcine group c rotavirus (pararotavirus) was adapted to serial passage in a continuous monkey kidney cell line (ma104). key factors in its successful adaptation included use of virus passaged in primary porcine kidney cells as the initial inoculum, use of roller tubes, and addition of pancreatin to the maintenance medium. a cell culture immunofluorescence test was used to quantitate the virus at each passage level, since a possible cytopathic effect was obscured by the effe ... | 1988 | 2842368 |
| serial propagation of porcine group c rotavirus (pararotavirus) in primary porcine kidney cell cultures. | a porcine group c rotavirus was adapted to serial propagation in roller tube cultures of primary porcine kidney cells with high concentrations of pancreatin. infected cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining of cell monolayers. only group c rotavirus particles were observed in culture supernatants by immune electron microscopy. | 1987 | 3038949 |
| products of the porcine group c rotavirus nsp3 gene bind specifically to double-stranded rna and inhibit activation of the interferon-induced protein kinase pkr. | the porcine group c rotavirus (cowden strain) nsp3 protein (the group c equivalent of the group a gene 7 product, formerly called ns34) shares homology with known double-stranded rna-binding proteins, such as the interferon-induced, double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase pkr. a clone of nsp3, expressed both in vitro and in cos-1 cells, led to the synthesis of minor amounts of a product with an m(r) of 45,000 (the expected full-length m(r) of nsp3) and major amounts of products with m(r)s o ... | 1994 | 7514679 |
| first detection of group c rotavirus in fecal specimens of children with diarrhea in the united states. | group c rotaviruses cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in children and adults in many countries but have never been identified from patients in the united states. fecal specimens from children with diarrhea who were hospitalized in providence, rhode island, were screened for group c rotaviruses if rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy but the specimens were negative for group a rotavirus by elisa. of 16 specimens examined, 3 were positive for group c rotavirus by elisa ... | 1995 | 7797945 |
| identification of a human group c rotavirus in malaysia. | stool specimens from 334 infants and young children hospitalized with diarrhea in the general hospital, kuala lumpur, malaysia between august and november, 1987 were analyzed for the presence of rotavirus double-stranded (ds) rna by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. of the 334 specimens analyzed, 32 (9.6%) were positive for rotavirus rna. one specimen (designated g147) exhibited a ds rna electropherotype profile characteristic of group c rotavirus and was selected for further characterization. ... | 1994 | 7931180 |
| assembly of viroplasm and virus-like particles of rotavirus by a semliki forest virus replicon. | in this study we have used an expression system based on semliki forest virus (sfv) to study assembly and intracellular localization of certain capsid proteins of rotavirus in neurons and mammalian epithelial cells. the complete genes of vp2 (vp2a) and vp6 (vp6a) of group a rotavirus (sa-11) and gene 5 encoding vp6 (vp6c) of porcine group c rotavirus (strain cowden/amc-1) were inserted into an sfv expression replicon. transfection of bhk-21 cells with in vitro-made sfv transcripts resulted in a ... | 1998 | 9514960 |
| characterization of group c rotaviruses associated with diarrhea outbreaks in feeder pigs. | feces and serum specimens were collected from three farms in michigan on which approximately 50-lb (8- to 9-week-old) pigs experienced diarrhea just after placement into all-in-all-out finishing barns. the clinical signs (profuse watery diarrhea lasting about 2 weeks and no vomiting) were similar on all farms, and the morbidity rate was high (ranging from 60 to 80%) but without mortality. eleven diarrheic fecal samples from the farms were tested for group a and c rotaviruses by immune electron m ... | 1999 | 10203510 |
| comparisons of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of nsp4 genes of virulent and attenuated pairs of group a and c rotaviruses. | the nsp4 protein of rotavirus is a nonstructural glycoprotein and has a crucial function in virus morphogenesis during infection of host cells. it was recently reported that nsp4 may also function as a viral enterotoxin in the induction of rotavirus diarrhea by causing ca++ influx in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. we sequenced and analyzed two (wa and m strains) pairs of nsp4 genes of virulent (v) and attenuated (a) (after 30 to 40 passages in cell culture) human group a rotaviruses and a ... | 1999 | 10456791 |
| molecular characterization of human group c rotavirus genes 6, 7 and 9. | genes 6, 7 and 9 of human group c rotavirus 'bristol' strain, encoding non-structural proteins (nsp) 3, 1 and 2, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. human group c rotavirus genome segment 6 is 1350 bp and contains a single orf of 1231 nucleotides (encoding 402 amino acids). genome segment 7 is 1270 bp and encodes a protein of 394 amino acids and genome segment 9 is 1037 bp and encodes a 312 amino acid protein. the human group c rotavirus genes 6, 7 and 9 showed 78, 67 and 88% sequence ident ... | 1999 | 10567650 |
| antibody prevalence and specificity to group c rotavirus in swedish sera. | of 160 sera collected from different age groups throughout sweden, 38% were found to be antibody positive for group c rotavirus. the highest antibody prevalence rate was found in individuals aged 11-30 years (45%). an immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the antibodies were directed against vp2, vp4, vp6, vp7, and nsp2, with vp6 being the most immunogenic protein. neutralising antibodies against a cultivable porcine group c rotavirus (strain amc-1/cowden) were detected in 16/19 individuals at ... | 2000 | 10596023 |
| demonstration of group c rotaviruses in fecal samples of diarrheic dogs in germany. | three out of 9 fecal samples from diarrheic dogs, which were positive for rotavirus by electron microscopy, revealed rna-migration patterns identical to those of porcine group c rotavirus when studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the results were further confirmed by solid phase immuno electron microscopy (spiem). this is the first report of the occurrence of group c rotaviruses in dogs. | 1999 | 10664399 |
| an outbreak of group c rotavirus gastroenteritis among children attending a day-care centre in belém, brazil. | in august 1993, an outbreak of group c rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis occurred among children attending a day-care centre in belém, brazil. of the 64 children, 21 (33%) became ill. group c rotavirus was identified in faecal specimens from 8 (38%) children with diarrhoea by electron microscopy (em) and an enzyme immunoassay (eia), using antibodies specific to the cowden strain of porcine group c rotavirus. by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page), a pattern similar to that of group c ro ... | 1999 | 10897889 |
| identification of a neutralizing epitope on an 82-kda protein encoded by gene 3 of group c rotavirus. | a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (1a5) with hemagglutination inhibition activity was produced against a cultivable porcine group c rotavirus strain (strain amc-1) and used to identify and map the functional topography of the protein involved in viral neutralization. the 1a5 mab recognized an 82-kda protein from infected cells as well as an equivalent in vitro-translated protein programmed with gene 3 of the amc-1 strain. by employing a method called dna amplification-restricted transcription-t ... | 1995 | 11831719 |
| prevalence of group c rotaviruses in weaning and post-weaning pigs with enteritis. | diarrheic fecal specimens collected from porcine herds were screened for the presence of group c rotaviruses using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay. a total of 188 samples were tested and 54 were positive. when compiled these data with diagnostic results on group a rotaviruses and enteric caliciviruses we found that all but 5 group c rotavirus positive samples contained at least one additional virus. a subset of samples were subjected to nucleotide sequencing. the ... | 2007 | 17416471 |
| detection and characterization of group c rotaviruses in asymptomatic piglets in ireland. | group c rotaviruses are important human enteric pathogens that have also been detected in a variety of mammalian species, including pigs. group c rotaviruses have been identified in piglets with diarrhea, but their ecology remains to be elucidated. by screening of 292 fecal samples collected from 4- to 5-week-old asymptomatic pigs from four herds in ireland between 2005 and 2007, 13 (4.4%) samples tested positive by reverse transcription-pcr for group c rotavirus. group a rotaviruses were also d ... | 2008 | 18632912 |
| vp6 gene diversity in brazilian strains of porcine group c rotavirus. | group c rotavirus (rv-c) has been found in brazilian pig herds; however, wild-type strains have not yet been characterized. we made a molecular analysis of a region of gene 5 in brazilian rv-c strains. stool samples from 11 piglets (diarrheic and with normal consistency) positive for the rv-c vp6 gene in an rt-pcr assay were sequenced. a 270-bp amplicon of nine sequences was analyzed. all sequences showed high identity to the cowden strain of the porcine rv-c prototype and 81.3 to 94.3% to each ... | 2010 | 20391334 |
| molecular characterization of two strains of porcine group c rotavirus. | group c rotaviruses are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. fecal samples were collected from a porcine herd in july, 2009. group c rotavirus rna was detected using rt-pcr for the vp6 gene. the identified strain was further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the partial vp4, and complete vp6 and vp7 gene sequences. the partial vp4 and complete vp6 gene sequences of the cuk-5 strain were most closely related to those of the cuk-6 strain of grou ... | 2011 | 22203575 |
| diversity of vp7, vp4, vp6, nsp2, nsp4, and nsp5 genes of porcine rotavirus c: phylogenetic analysis and description of potential new vp7, vp4, vp6, and nsp4 genotypes. | rotavirus c (rvc) is a cause of gastroenteritis in swine and has a worldwide distribution. a total of 448 intestinal or faecal samples from pigs of all ages were tested for viruses causing gastroenteritis. rvc was detected in 118 samples (26.3%). to gain information on virus diversity, the complete coding nucleotide sequences of the vp7, vp4, vp6, nsp2, nsp4, and nsp5 genes of seven rvc strains were determined. phylogenetic analysis of vp7 nucleotide sequence divided studied czech strains into s ... | 2015 | 25951969 |
| molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five european countries. | enteric viral infections in pigs may cause diarrhea resulting in ill-thrift and substantial economic losses. this study reports the enteric infections with porcine astrovirus type 4 (pastv4), porcine group a rotavirus (garv), porcine group c rotavirus (gcrv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine kobuvirus (pkov) in 419 pigs, comprising both healthy and diarrheic animals, from 49 farms in five european countries (austria, germany, hungary, spain and sweden). real-time rt-pcr assays were d ... | 2016 | 26711031 |
| occurrence and sequence analysis of porcine deltacoronaviruses in southern china. | following the initial isolation of porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) from pigs with diarrheal disease in the united states in 2014, the virus has been detected on swine farms in some provinces of china. to date, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of pdcov in southern china where major swine production is operated. | 2016 | 27496131 |
| whole genome sequences of japanese porcine species c rotaviruses reveal a high diversity of genotypes of individual genes and will contribute to a comprehensive, generally accepted classification system. | porcine rotavirus c (rvc) is distributed throughout the world and is thought to be a pathogenic agent of diarrhea in piglets. although, the vp7, vp4, and vp6 gene sequences of japanese porcine rvcs are currently available, there is no whole-genome sequence data of japanese rvc. furthermore, only one to three sequences are available for porcine rvc vp1-vp3 and nsp1-nsp3 genes. therefore, we determined nearly full-length whole-genome sequences of nine japanese porcine rvcs from seven piglets with ... | 2016 | 27353186 |
| characterization of a genetically heterogeneous porcine rotavirus c, and other viruses present in the fecal virome of a non-diarrheic belgian piglet. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies are becoming increasingly accessible, leading to an expanded interest in the composition of the porcine enteric virome. in the present study, the fecal virome of a non-diarrheic belgian piglet was determined. although the virome of only a single piglet was analyzed, some interesting data were obtained, including the second complete genome of a pig group c rotavirus (rvc). this belgian strain was only distantly related to the only other completely cha ... | 2016 | 27184192 |
| genetic heterogeneity of the vp6 gene and predominance of g6p[5] genotypes of brazilian porcine rotavirus c field strains. | the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of the vp6, vp7, and vp4 genes of 15 brazilian wild-type porcine rvc strains identified in diarrheic fecal samples. the vp6 gene analysis demonstrated heterogeneity between the 15 rvc strains, which clustered in three distinct genotypes (i1, i5, and i6). in the vp7 and vp4 gene analysis, the genotype combination g6p[4] was detected in only one strain (uel-77), while g6p[5] was the most commonly (n = 14) detected in rvc strains identi ... | 2016 | 26758732 |
| analysis of genetic divergence among strains of porcine rotavirus c, with focus on vp4 and vp7 genotypes in japan. | porcine rotavirus c (rvc) has been often detected in sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrhoea in suckling and weaned pigs. surveillance studies of rvcs have demonstrated high prevalence in the united states, and japan, and some other countries. to date, the zoonotic impact and pathogenicity of rvcs are not well understood, and only a few complete sequences of rvcs are available. the aim of this study was to perform sequence and phylogenetic analyses for the vp4 and vp7 genes of the 22 porcine rv ... | 2015 | 25499298 |
| phylogenetic characterization of vp6 gene (inner capsid) of porcine rotavirus c collected in japan. | porcine rotavirus c (rvc) has been often detected in sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrhea in suckling and weaned pigs. previous surveillance studies using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in some countries including japan and the united states have demonstrated a high prevalence of porcine rvcs. in order to understand the phylogenetic relatedness of rvcs, we performed genetic analysis of vp6 gene encoding inner capsid protein by using ... | 2014 | 24929122 |
| vp6 gene diversity in 11 brazilian strains of porcine group c rotavirus. | porcine group c rotavirus (rvc) is recognised as an enteric pathogen in piglets worldwide. the vp6 gene of rvc is divided into seven i-genotypes. genotypes i2 and i3 are found in human and bovine strains, respectively; the porcine strains are divided into the other five genotypes (i1, i4-i7). in this study, molecular analysis of nearly the full length of the vp6 gene was performed in 11 brazilian wild-type porcine rvc strains identified in diarrhoeic faecal samples, which were collected from eig ... | 2015 | 25331342 |
| identification, phylogenetic analysis and classification of porcine group c rotavirus vp7 sequences from the united states and canada. | rotavirus c (rvc) is a major cause of gastroenteritis in swine. between december 2009 and october 2011, 7520 porcine samples were analyzed from herds in the us and canada. rvc rna was detected in 46% of the tested samples. in very young pigs (≤3 days old) and young piglets (4-20 days old), 78% and 65%, respectively, rvc positive samples were negative for rva and rvb. rvc rna was also detected in 10% of tested lung tissues. additionally, we investigated the porcine rvc molecular diversity by sequ ... | 2013 | 24074581 |
| unexpected detection of porcine rotavirus c strains carrying human origin vp6 gene. | rotavirus c (rvc), a known etiological agent of diarrheal outbreaks, mainly inflicts swine population globally with sporadic incidence in human, cattle, ferret, mink and dog. | 2017 | 28643555 |
| first detection of rotavirus group c in asymptomatic pigs of smallholder farms in east africa. | abstract: group c rotavirus (rvc) has been described to be a causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans and animals including pigs, cows, and dogs. fecal samples collected from asymptomatic pigs in smallholder swine farms in kenya and uganda were screened for the presence of group c rotaviruses (rvc) using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. a total of 446 samples were tested and 37 were positive (8.3%). a significantly larger (p< 0.05) number of rvc-positive samples was d ... | 2017 | 28805733 |