| cloning of noncultivatable human rotavirus by single primer amplification. | a novel, sequence-independent strategy has been developed for the amplification of full-length cdna copies of the genes of double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses. using human (bristol) group c rotavirus as an example, a single amino-linked modified oligonucleotide (primer 1) was ligated to either end of each dsrna genome segment by using t4 rna ligase. following reverse transcription, annealing, and repair of cdna strands, amplification of the viral dsrna genome was accomplished by polymerase chain ... | 1992 | 1371174 |
| molecular epidemiology of human group a rotavirus infections in the united kingdom between 1995 and 1998. | the g and p types of 2,912 rotavirus-positive fecal specimens collected from eight geographical areas of the united kingdom between 1995 and 1998 were determined by reverse transcription-pcr. although 15 different g-p combinations were identified, g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], and g4p[8] strains constituted 95% of all the rotaviruses typed. other genotypes included g9p[6] and g9p[8], which were first identified in the united kingdom in 1995, or other uncommon g and/or p types of strains that may have ... | 2000 | 11101570 |
| rotavirus g and p genotypes in rural ghana. | an epidemiological study of rotavirus infection was conducted on specimens collected from patients with gastroenteritis and domiciled in the rural upper eastern region of ghana during 1998. fifty isolates, randomly selected from 165 human group a rotavirus-positive samples, were g and p characterized by a reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay using a seminested multiplex method. rotaviruses of the g3 genotype were found to be the predominant strain (78%), followed by g2 (14%) and g1 (2%). mixed i ... | 2001 | 11326029 |
| emergence of novel human group a rotavirus g12 strains in india. | three rare human g12 strains were detected from diarrheic clinical samples of children (<8 months of age) in calcutta during a routine surveillance study of rotaviral diarrhea in india. the vp7 genes of g12 strains and their products showed maximum homology (97 to 99% at the nucleotide level and 98% at the amino acid level, respectively) with those of two recently reported g12 strains (from the united states and thailand) but lesser homology with those of prototype g12 strain l26. | 2003 | 12791925 |
| an outbreak of rotavirus infection among adults in an institution for rehabilitation: long-term residence in a closed community as a risk factor for rotavirus illness. | an outbreak of group a rotavirus infection resulted in gastroenteritis among disabled adults in an isolated rehabilitation institution in kobe, japan. of the 95 residents, 16 were diagnosed with rotavirus illness. the causative agent was a single strain of typical human group a rotavirus belonging to vp7 serotype g2, vp4 genotype p[4], and nsp4 genotype a. mean duration of stay was significantly longer for residents with rotavirus illness (22.1+/-11.8 years) than for residents without the diseas ... | 2006 | 16798700 |
| expression and characterization of vp2 protein of human rotavirus a in a mammalian lung cell line. | a system for the expression and characterization of vp2 protein of human rotavirus a, strain g3 was established in the mammalian lung cell line (a549). expression of the recombinant vp2 (rvp2) protein was detected 48-72 hrs after transfection by western blotting. the rvp2 protein expressed in a549 cells formed intracellular core-like particles (clps) 30 nm in diameter detected by electron microscopy (em). these results showed that the a549 cells are suitable as efficient eukaryotic host for prod ... | 2007 | 18197733 |
| molecular characterization of group a human rotaviruses in bangkok and buriram, thailand during 2004-2006 reveals the predominance of g1p[8], g9p[8] and a rare g3p[19] strain. | the aim of this study has been to determine the incidence of diverse human rotavirus strains circulating in thailand between october 2004 and april 2006 by means of molecular characterization. pediatric patients aged between 2 months and 5 years diagnosed with acute diarrhea (n=307) in bangkok and buriram, thailand were tested for human rotavirus a (rv-a) by rt-pcr. a total of 130 specimens (42.3%) were found rv-a positive and 126 were characterized by direct sequencing of the capsid glycoprotei ... | 2008 | 18228123 |
| development of a microtiter plate hybridization-based pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for identification of clinically relevant human group a rotavirus g and p genotypes. | a microtiter plate hybridization-based pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pcr-elisa) has been used for the detection and identification of a variety of microorganisms. here, we report the development of a pcr-elisa for the identification of clinically relevant human rotavirus vp7 (g1 to g6, g8 to g10, and g12) and vp4 (p[4], p[6], p[8], p[9], and p[14]) genotypes. the g and p types of reference human and animal rotavirus strains for which specific probes were available were correctly identif ... | 2008 | 18057127 |
| evidence for bovine origin of vp4 and vp7 genes of human group a rotavirus g6p[14] and g10p[14] strains. | | 2007 | 17537935 |
| molecular characterisation of the rotavirus strains prevalent in maua, meru north, kenya. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe infantile diarrhoea disease in infants and young children below five years worldwide. rotavirus is associated with high cases of morbidity and mortality and it is estimated that up to 650,000 deaths in young children occur annually in the less developed countries and approximately 150,000-200,000 deaths occur in africa alone. | 2006 | 17089495 |
| assessment of the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using a cdna standard for human group a rotavirus. | nucleic acid amplification techniques are used frequently for rapid diagnosis of viral diseases. in this study, a real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol that uses primers specific for the viral vp4 gene and the commercial sybr green reagent were evaluated for the quantitative measurement of human rotavirus (hrv) rna in human stool specimens. sybr green i detection involved analysis of the melting temperature of the pcr product and measurement of fluorescence at the optimum temperature. the ... | 2006 | 16890998 |
| characterization of a novel p[25],g11 human group a rotavirus. | a novel rotavirus strain (dhaka6) isolated from a 21-year-old bangladeshi male patient was characterized by sequence analysis of its vp7 and vp4 gene segments. phylogenetic analysis of the vp7 gene of the dhaka6 strain revealed a common evolutionary lineage with porcine g11 rotavirus strains. this isolate is the first reported g11 rotavirus strain infecting a human host. comparison of the vp4 gene sequences with all currently recognized 24 different p genotypes revealed only low nucleotide (54 t ... | 2005 | 16000437 |
| oral immunization with pbsvp6-transgenic alfalfa protects mice against rotavirus infection. | a critical factor in edible plant-derived vaccine development is adequate expression of the exogenous antigens in transgenic plants. we synthesized a codon-optimized gene (svp6) encoding the vp6 protein of human group a rotavirus and inserted it into the alfalfa genome using agrobacterium-mediated transformation. as much as 0.28% of the total soluble protein of the pbsvp6-transgenic alfalfa was svp6. female balb/c mice were gavaged weekly with 10 mg of transgenic alfalfa extract containing 24 mi ... | 2005 | 15992851 |
| molecular characterization of a human group a rotavirus isolated from an adult with severe dehydrating diarrhea and its relationship to strains concurrently circulating among children. | while group a rotavirus is widely accepted as an important etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children, this agent rarely causes severe diarrhea in adults and, thus, is not considered by physicians to be an etiological agent for such diseases. | 1994 | 15566782 |
| the vp6 protein of rotavirus interacts with a large fraction of human naive b cells via surface immunoglobulins. | immunity to human group a rotavirus (rv), a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants, involves b lymphocytes that provide rv-specific antibodies. additionally, some arguments suggest that naive b cells could be implicated in the first steps of the immune response against rv. the aim of our study was to analyze the interaction of vp6 and vp7 rv capsid proteins with human b cells depending on the immune status of the individual, i.e., naive or rv experienced. for this purpose, a two-color v ... | 2004 | 15507636 |
| microarrays for genotyping human group a rotavirus by multiplex capture and type-specific primer extension. | human group a rotavirus (hrv) is the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants worldwide. hrv shares the feature of a high degree of genetic diversity with many other rna viruses, and therefore, genotyping of this organism is more complicated than genotyping of more stable dna viruses. we describe a novel microarray-based method that allows high-throughput genotyping of rna viruses with a high degree of polymorphism by multiplex capture and type-specific extension on microarrays. denature ... | 2003 | 14605152 |
| distribution of human group a rotavirus vp7 and vp4 types circulating in seoul, korea between 1998 and 2000. | three hundred forty-eight fecal specimens collected from young children with acute diarrhea in seoul, korea between january 1998 and february 2000 were examined for g and p types. of these, 205 samples (59%) were confirmed as group a rotavirus by elisa for the detection of vp6 antigen. confirmed rotavirus isolates were characterized using g serotyping elisa and rt-pcr methodologies for g and p genotyping of the outer capsid proteins vp7 and vp4, respectively. serotyping of the outer capsid prote ... | 2003 | 12696125 |
| a hospital based study on inter- and intragenotypic diversity of human rotavirus a vp4 and vp7 gene segments, germany. | efforts to reduce the impact of group a rotaviruses on human morbidity and mortality rely on oral immunisation with live attenuated or recombinant vaccines. a major challenge in immunisation is the vast inter- and intragenotypic diversity accomplished by circulating rotaviruses. | 2010 | 21074491 |
| evaluation of a human group a rotavirus assay for on-site detection of bovine rotavirus. | neonatal diarrhea induced by bovine group a rotavirus causes significant economic loss in the dairy and beef industry due to increased morbidity and mortality, treatment costs, and reduced growth rates. the objective of this study was to evaluate a human group a rotavirus assay (immunocardstat rotavirus [ics-rv]) as an on-site diagnostic test for bovine rotavirus. when used with a collection of bovine diarrhea samples submitted to the virology section of the diagnostic center for population and ... | 2003 | 12517863 |
| [annual incidence of human group a rotavirus g-serotypes detected in a japanese university hospital between 2003 and 2007]. | group a rotavirus g-serotyping by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using university hospital subject samples in september 2003 to august 2004, september 2004 to august 2005, september 2005 to august 2006, and september 2006 to august 2007 showed the most common serotypes g1 and g3, detected in 27 and 33 subjects, compared to 4 subjects in whom serotype g4 was detected. between 2003 and 2004, serotypes g1 accounted for 50% and g3 for 38%, contrasting with serotype g3 at 79% between 2004 and 2005, ... | 2011 | 21404601 |
| [a fusion protein of rotavirus vp6 and cholera toxin b subunit: expression in escherichia coli and analysis of biological activities]. | rotavirus infection is a major cause of dehydrating diarrhea in infants worldwide. the non-toxic cholera toxin b subunit(ctb), known as an immunomodulatory carrier, might help to stimulate mucosal immune response when coupled to rotavirus antigens in oral immunization. here we report for the first time the construction of a translational fusion of ctb gene 5' to the vp6 gene of a human rotavirus a(field strain t114), and expression of the ctb-vp6 fusion protein in e. coli bl21(de3). the expresse ... | 2001 | 11910752 |
| vp7 and vp4 genotyping of human group a rotavirus in buenos aires, argentina. | specific and sensitive tests for the detection and typing of group a rotavirus strains are needed for a more comprehensive knowledge of the epidemiology of rotaviral infection. in this study 500 stool specimens taken from 1996 to 1998 from children with acute diarrhea in buenos aires were examined. group a rotavirus was unequivocally demonstrated in 62% of the samples tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of vp6 antigen, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of double-st ... | 2000 | 10618096 |
| new p serotype of group a human rotavirus closely related to that of a porcine rotavirus. | the vp7 and vp4 genes of two human group a rotavirus strains mc323 and mc345 with unique serologic and genomic properties, and isolated in chiang mai, thailand, in 1989 [urasawa et al. (1992) journal of infectious diseases 166:227-234] were further characterized. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the vp7 genes allowed the classification of both strains as serotype g9. the vp4 genes of both strains are 2,359 nucleotides in length and encode a protein of 775 amino acids like in mo ... | 2000 | 10568765 |
| prevalence of human group a rotavirus serotypes in pune, india (1990-1993). | a total of 205 specimens positive for rotaviruses obtained during 1990-93 surveillance studies of hospitalized patients with diarrhoea were tested by elisa for g serotypes. of these, 107 (52.19%) specimens could be serotyped. seventy four specimens were assigned to one of the g1-g4 serotypes. of the 74 specimens, 49 (66.2%) reacted with mab against g2. of 107 typeable specimens, 33 showed dual or multiple reactivity. eighteen specimens reacted with mab specific to g1 and g2 serotypes. five speci ... | 1997 | 9439097 |
| prophylaxis of rotavirus gastroenteritis using immunoglobulin. | oral inoculation of the human group a rotavirus mo strain (g serotype 3) into 5-day-old balb/c mice causes gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea. using this small animal model, passive protection of suckling mice against human rotavirus infection was achieved with the use of immunoglobulin (igy) from the yolks of eggs of rotavirus-immunized hens. when igy against the rotavirus strain homotypic with the challenge virus (mo strain) was administered to mice, complete protection was achieved. af ... | 1996 | 9015118 |
| typing of human group a rotavirus with alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probes or a monoclonal enzyme immunoassay in unfrozen stools of children with diarrhea in bangkok. | in developed countries, serotypes (or g types) have been identified in > 70% of group a rotavirus using monoclonal enzyme immunoassays (meias); however, these assays have identified < 50% of rotavirus g types from developing countries presumably because the vp7 antigens were damaged by freezing and thawing during transportation of specimens. the vp7 (g) serotypes of rotavirus in unfrozen stool collected from children with acute diarrhea in bangkok were determined using meia and compared to hybri ... | 1995 | 7714487 |
| partial characterization of a bovine group a rotavirus with a short genome electropherotype. | a group a rotavirus (id isolate) recovered from a diarrheic beef calf possessed a short genome electropherotype. this short genome electropherotype was a stable characteristic of the id isolate as it remained unchanged through 3 passages in gnotobiotic calves or through 19 passages in ma104 cell cultures. subgroup analysis with monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay established that the isolate was a subgroup 1 rotavirus. neutralization tests demonstrated that this isolate ... | 1988 | 2838513 |
| experience with an enzyme immunoassay for serotyping human group a rotaviruses. | an enzyme immunoassay utilizing neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to vp7 of four human group a rotavirus serotypes successfully typed rotaviruses in 71.4% (568 of 796) of fecal specimens. sensitivity was enhanced by using homologous capture and detector antibodies. serotyping was most successful with specimens stored for less than 3 years and containing 10(4) or more particles per ml. | 1989 | 2541171 |
| serotyping of human group a rotavirus with oligonucleotide probes. | rotaviruses (rv) in stools of children with diarrhea in thailand were serotyped by monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (meia), and rna extracted from these specimens were tested for hybridization with oligonucleotides constructed from the nucleotide sequences of vp7 of human serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. of 178 specimens that contained rv as identified with a monoclonal antibody to group a rv, 84% (149/178) hybridized with serotype-specific oligonucleotides, and 42% (74/178) were serotyped by meia (p less ... | 1990 | 2165109 |
| human rotavirus strain 69m has a unique vp4 as determined by amino acid sequence analysis. | the group a rotavirus strain 69m has recently been classified as a new rotavirus serotype, g8, based on the antigenic specificity of its vp7 outer capsid glycoprotein. the fourth gene of 69m, which encodes the other outer capsid protein vp4, was sequenced. the gene is 2362 nucleotides in length and contains one long open reading frame beginning at the 10th nucleotide from the 5' end and terminating with a stop codon 22 bases from the 3' end. the encoded vp4 contains 776 amino acids. comparative ... | 1991 | 1850912 |
| typing of human group a rotavirus with alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probes. | rotavirus (rv) in stools of children less than 1 year of age with diarrhea in bangkok in 1989 were serotyped by monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (meia). rna extracted from these specimens was tested for hybridization with alkaline phosphatase (ap) and 32p-labeled oligonucleotides constructed from the nucleotide sequences of vp7 of human g types 1 (hug1ac), 2 (hug2ac), 3 (hug3ac), and 4 (hug4ac). of 148 specimens that contained rv, 72% (106/148) hybridized with rv g type specific ap-labeled oligonuc ... | 1992 | 1331307 |
| increase in prevalence of human group a rotavirus g9 strains as an important vp7 genotype among children in eastern india. | in addition to four globally important group a rotavirus (garv) vp7 genotypes (g1-g4), recent surveillance studies have revealed importance of g9 strains as an aetiological agent of infantile diarrhoea. | 2008 | 18755625 |
| the post-tsunami outbreak of diarrhoeal diseases in car nicobar island, india, was caused by human group a rotavirus g2 strains. | | 2008 | 18723226 |
| molecular characterization of the nsp4 gene of human group a rotavirus samples from the west central region of brazil. | nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4), encoded by group a rotavirus genome segment 10, is a multifunctional protein and the first recognized virus-encoded enterotoxin. the nsp4 gene has been sequenced, and five distinct genetic groups have been described: genotypes a-e. nsp4 genotypes a, b, and c have been detected in humans. in this study, the nsp4-encoding gene of human rotavirus strains of different g and p genotypes collected from children between 1987 and 2003 in three cities of west central regio ... | 2008 | 18592101 |
| human group a rotavirus p[8] hun9-like and rare op354-like strains are circulating among diarrhoeic children in eastern india. | during 2004-2006, group a rotavirus p[8] strains were the major vp4 genotype (43.2%, n = 317) among diarrhoeic children in eastern india. phylogenetic analysis of vp8* amino acid sequences of 16 of these strains with other p[8] strains revealed four distinct lineages. p[8] strains from eastern india clustered within rare op354-like and hun9-like lineages, pointing towards co-prevalence of divergent p[8] strains. although it is unclear whether the observed genetic diversity might affect to some e ... | 2008 | 18787756 |
| intranasal immunization of mice with vp2 dna of human rotavirus a induces cellular and humoral immunity. | dna vaccination using a plasmid encoding human rotavirus a (hurv-a) inner capsid vp2 was examined in a mouse model. balb/c mice were immunized intranasally (i.n.) with a vp2 dna vaccine that induced cellular and humoral immune response to hurv-a. the increased levels of cytokines ifn-gamma and il-4 and the production of anti-vp2 igg antibodies were detected. in addition, splenocyte proliferation detected by mtt test was enhanced in the mice treated with the vaccine. these results may encourage t ... | 2008 | 19143478 |
| full genomic analysis of a human group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain from eastern india provides evidence for porcine-to-human interspecies transmission. | deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain (designated as mcs/13-07), detected from a 3-year-old child in eastern india, revealed a vp8* closely related to porcine p[6] strains (p[6] sublineage 1d), and the vp7 clustered with g9 lineage-iii strains. to our knowledge, this is the first report of human p[6] strain clustering in sublineage id. thus, to further characterize the evolutionary diversity of strain mcs/13-07, all gene segments were analyzed ... | 2009 | 19333549 |
| prevalence of vp7 and vp4 genotypes of human group a rotavirus in infants and children with acute diarrhea in a northern city of bangladesh. | the objective of this cross sectional prospective study was to determine rotavirus etiology and prevalence of the different rotavirus genotypes causing acute gastroenteritis in infants and children (</=5years) in mymensingh medical college hospital, bangladesh. the study was conducted during the period from january 2005 to june 2006. a total of 962 stool specimens from diarrheic children were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). rotavirus detection rate was 31.3% (301/962). amo ... | 2009 | 19623146 |
| full genomic analysis and possible origin of a porcine g12 rotavirus strain ru172. | human group a rotavirus (gar) g12 strains are regarded as potentially important pathogens for acute gastroenteritis. on the other hand, to date, the only report of detection of g12 in animals was that of a porcine g12p[7] strain ru172. strain ru172 formed a separate g12 lineage, distinct from human g12 strains, and by analyses of deduced amino acid sequences, had a vp4, vp6, nsp4-5 of porcine origin. in the present study, we determined the full-length nucleotide sequences of vp1, vp3, and nsp1-3 ... | 2010 | 20157771 |
| circulating human group a rotavirus genotypes in malaysia. | this study examined the temporal distribution of rotavirus genotypes in malaysia. rotaviruses from children with diarrhea admitted to hospitals in 1996 (n = 93) and 2007 (n = 12) in two different regions of peninsular (west) malaysia were analyzed for their g and p genotypes using a hemi-nested rt-pcr assay. in the 2007 samples, the dominant strain was g9p[8]. it was identified in 42% of the samples. different strains all possessing the g1 genotype were identified in the rest of the samples. in ... | 2010 | 20166178 |
| geographical differences in the proportion of human group a rotavirus strains within new zealand during one epidemic season. | the prospect of future rotavirus vaccine programs means it is important to understand rotavirus strain diversity within new zealand, especially if this was to influence vaccine effectiveness. the g-genotype of 359 group a rotavirus strains isolated from 416 stool samples collected from june 2005 to may 2006 (inclusive) from children less than 5 years of age in multiple centers throughout new zealand was determined. g1 was the dominant circulating strain (55.8%) followed by g4 (21.4%), g3 (3.4%), ... | 2010 | 20336723 |
| molecular characterization of human group a rotavirus from stool samples in young children with diarrhea in indonesia. | detection and genotyping of group a rotavirus strains from stool samples in young children with diarrhea in indonesia were examined using reverse transcription-nested multiplex pcr. of 421 stool specimens, 257 samples was rotavirus positive. g1 type was the most common g-type (54%), followed by g2 (6%) and g9 (3%). p[8] was the most common p-type (39%), followed by p[6] (19%), p[4] (10%) and p[11] 1%. eighteen percent of the samples had mixed g genotype infection and 5% had mixed p genotype infe ... | 2010 | 20578517 |
| molecular analysis of human group a rotavirus g10p[14] genotype in slovenia. | rotavirus g10 genotype is one of the main rotaviruses circulating in cattle throughout the world but is also found in asymptomatic and symptomatic infections in children, and thought to be acquired through zoonotic transmission. | 2010 | 20675186 |
| vp7 gene of human rotavirus a genotype g5: phylogenetic analysis reveals the existence of three different lineages worldwide. | group a rotavirus (rv-a) genotype g5, which is common in pigs, was also detected in children with severe diarrhea in brazil, argentina, paraguay, cameroon, china, thailand, and vietnam. to evaluate the evolutionary relationship among rv-a g5 strains, the vp7 and vp4 genes of 28 brazilian rv-a g5 human strains, sampled between 1986 and 2005, were sequenced and compared with other rv-a g5 strains currently circulating worldwide in animals and humans. the phylogenetic analysis of rv-a g5 vp7 gene s ... | 2011 | 21181934 |
| multiple reassortment and interspecies transmission events contribute to the diversity of feline, canine and feline/canine-like human group a rotavirus strains. | rna-rna hybridization assays and complete genome sequence analyses have shown that feline rotavirus (frv) and canine rotavirus (crv) strains display at least two distinct genotype constellations (genogroups), represented by the frv strain rva/cat-tc/aus/cat97/1984/g3p[3] and the human rotavirus (hrv) strain rva/human-tc/jpn/au-1/1982/g3p3[9], respectively. g3p[3] and g3p[9] strains have been detected sporadically in humans. the complete genomes of two crv strains (rva/dog-tc/ita/rv198-95/1995/g3 ... | 2011 | 21609783 |
| detection and full genomic analysis of g6p[9] human rotavirus in japan. | a rare genotype g6p[9] was identified in two human group a rotavirus strains designated as kf14 and kf17, that were detected in stool specimens from children with diarrhea in japan. vp7 gene sequences of these two strains were identical and genetically closely related to g6 human rotavirus strains reported in european countries and the united states. to our knowledge, this is the first report of detection of a g6 human rotavirus in japan. for further genetic analysis to elucidate the origin of t ... | 2011 | 21656185 |
| Whole-genomic analysis of rotavirus strains: current status and future prospects. | Studies on genetic diversity of rotaviruses have been primarily based on the genes encoding the antigenically significant VP7 and VP4 proteins. Since the rotavirus genome has 11 segments of RNA that are vulnerable to reassortment events, analyses of the VP7 and VP4 genes may not be sufficient to obtain conclusive data on the overall genetic diversity, or true origin of strains. In the last few years following the advent of the whole-genome-based genotype classification system, the whole genomes ... | 2011 | 21958144 |
| epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the czech republic: first evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus a strains. | population of wild boar is increasing in the whole europe, the animals migrate close to human habitats which greatly increases the possibility of natural transmission between domestic animals or humans and wild boars. the aim of the study was to estimate in population of free-living wild boar in the czech republic the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens, namely rotavirus groups a and c (rva and rvc), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and members of family coronavirid ... | 2016 | 27599927 |