| rotavirus infection in horses. genome profile analysis of a rotavirus isolated from an infected foal. | electrophoretic analysis in polyacrylamide gel (page) of the equine rotavirus 106/88/li/eq, isolated from the diarrhea of an 18 day old foal was compared to the bovine strain ncdv. there was a notable difference in the migration of some segments of the viral rna. bands 2 and 3 of the equine rotavirus comigrated while there was a clear separation of segments 7, 8 and 9. moreover, the migration of segments 1, 4 and 5 revealed a lower molecular weight than the corresponding segments of ncdv. | 1992 | 1318490 |
| comparison of antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in horses following feeding of a novel dietary antigen, ovalbumin, and rotavirus. | adult ponies which were fed ovalbumin (ova) daily for 2 weeks had significantly greater serum anti-ova igg (p = 0.001) and antigen specific lymphocyte responses (p = 0.031) after intramuscular injection with ova given with saponin than control ponies which had not been fed the antigen. this suggests that, despite the lack of evidence of b- or t-cell activation in peripheral blood during the period of ova feeding, the animals were primed for an active secondary immune response. adult ponies were ... | 1992 | 1333675 |
| evidence for two serotype g3 subtypes among equine rotaviruses. | ten cultivable equine rotavirus isolates, two of north american, six of british, and two of irish origin, were compared with standard rotavirus strains and with each other by cross neutralization, neutralization with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs), hybridization to a simian rotavirus (sa-11) vp7 gene probe, and reaction with rotavirus subgrouping and serotyping mabs in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. six isolates, two of which had previously been serotyped as g3 by other workers, we ... | 1992 | 1371520 |
| analysis of serotypes and electropherotypes of equine rotaviruses isolated in the united states. | equine group a rotaviruses isolated over a 10-year period in new york state, new jersey, kentucky, and texas were compared serotypically and electropherotypically. all isolates were determined to be serotype 3 by reaction with hyperimmune antiserum to the serotype 3 h-2 strain of equine rotavirus. all displayed rna electrophoretic migration patterns related to that of the h-2 strain but distinct from that of serotype 5 strain h-1. a serologic survey of 184 mares in kentucky, which was done to de ... | 1991 | 1647407 |
| a novel group a rotavirus g serotype: serological and genomic characterization of equine isolate fi23. | equine rotavirus fi23 was shown to be prototypic of a novel g serotype, provisionally g14, by cross-neutralization and vp7 sequence determination. although distinct, there are as few as six differing amino acid residues (92, 94, 96, 146, 147, and 221) in the vp7 antigenic regions of fi23 and g3 rotaviruses. | 1991 | 1663521 |
| homotypic and heterotypic serum and milk antibody to rotavirus in normal, infected and vaccinated horses. | the homotypic and heterotypic antibody response to rotavirus was determined in three pony mares and their foals. the normal concentrations of anti-rotavirus antibodies in mares' milk and mares' and foals' serum over the first 10 weeks post-partum were measured using iga, igg and rotavirus serotype-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. experimental infection of the foals with serotype 3 equine rotavirus produced a rapid, serotype-specific response which peaked 10 days after infection and a ... | 1991 | 1715620 |
| epidemiology of equine rotavirus infection among foals in the breeding region. | | 1991 | 1790219 |
| serotypic differentiation of group a rotaviruses with porcine rotavirus gene 9 probes. | the serotypic specificities of gottfried and osu porcine rotavirus gene 9 probes were investigated in a dot hybridization assay. the probes were reacted with homologous and heterologous serotypes of group a rotaviruses of human and animal origin. hybridizations were conducted under relatively low-stringency (52 degrees c, no formamide, 5 x ssc) and high-stringency (52 degrees c, 50% formamide, formamide, 5 x ssc) conditions (1 x ssc is 0.15 m nacl plus 0.015 m sodium citrate). under conditions o ... | 1990 | 2174902 |
| an equine rotavirus (fi-14 strain) which bears both subgroup i and subgroup ii specificities on its vp6. | an equinine rotavirus fi-14 strain, originally isolated from a diarrheic foal in new york state, was shown to belong to serotype 3 by neutralization assay. in addition, it was found to react with both subgroup i and subgroup ii monoclonal antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), thus representing the first rotavirus strain to exhibit both subgroup specificities. by using hybridoma technology, we successfully produced monoclonal antibodies directed against the major inner capsid p ... | 1987 | 2435059 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the genomic segment 6 of four rotaviruses each with a different subgroup specificity. | the nucleotide sequences of the genes that code for the major inner capsid protein, vp6, of the human rotavirus strain 1076 (subgroup i), porcine rotavirus gottfried (subgroup ii), equine rotavirus strain h-2 (non-i/ii) and equine rotavirus strain fi-14 (both subgroups i and ii) have been determined. the sixth segment positive-stranded rna encodes a protein of 397 amino acids in all strains with the exception of strain h-2 in which it encodes a protein of 399 amino acids. alignment of amino acid ... | 1988 | 2455770 |
| isolation, propagation, and characterization of a second equine rotavirus serotype. | a rotavirus designated strain h-2 was isolated in primary african green monkey kidney cells from a foal with diarrhea. this cell culture-adapted strain was found to be similar, if not identical, to simian rotavirus (strains mmu18006 and sa-11) and canine rotavirus (strain cu-1) and, in addition, demonstrated a one-way antigenic relationship with five human rotavirus strains (p, b, no. 14, no. 15, and yo) of the third human rotavirus serotype by the plaque reduction neutralization test. this is t ... | 1983 | 6309657 |
| isolation and characterization of an equine rotavirus. | a rotavirus, designated as the h-1 strain, was isolated from a diarrheic foal in primary african green monkey kidney cells and ma104 cells. this cell culture-adapted strain hemagglutinated erythrocytes of human group o, rhesus monkeys, guinea pigs, and sheep. it was found to be similar, if not identical, to porcine rotaviruses (strains osu, ee, and a-580) by plaque reduction neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition tests, and, in addition, it was found to belong to subgroup 1. this equine ... | 1983 | 6313746 |
| the isolation, propagation and characterization of tissue-cultured equine rotaviruses. | from 105 field cases of diarrhea in neonatal or young foals, rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy (em) and/or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the feces of 65 foals on 16 different premises. elisa was performed with rotazyme test kits developed by abbot and company for the detection of rotaviruses. twenty-four field isolates from the feces of diarrheic foals with equine rotavirus infection as ascertained by em were placed in ma-104 cell cultures after pretreatment of the ... | 1984 | 6326375 |
| isolation of equine rotavirus in cell cultures from foals with diarrhea. | | 1984 | 6330417 |
| serological and genomic characterization of equine rotavirus vp4 proteins identifies three different p serotypes. | a series of viral reassortants was prepared between equine rotaviruses h1 (g5), h2 (g3), and l338 (g13) and human rotavirus st3 (g4). all contained the vp4 cognate gene segment 4 from the equine parental virus and the vp7 cognate gene segment 9 from st3. using these viruses and antisera prepared to them, it was shown that each of the three equine viruses possessed a serologically distinct vp4 or p serotype with a > or = 16-fold difference in reciprocal cross-neutralization titers. h1 vp4 was clo ... | 1994 | 7514321 |
| application of organ culture of small intestine to the investigation of enterocyte damage by equine rotavirus. | we used organ culture of jejunal mucosal explants obtained from ponies aged between 2 and 12 months to study enterocyte damage by group a strains of equine rotavirus. electron microscopy of jejunal explants maintained for < or = 48 h in the presence of organ culture medium alone showed that enterocytes were structurally intact and had a densely packed brush border and overlying mucus. similarly, examination of explants maintained in the presence of rotavirus for 48 h revealed no apparent ultrast ... | 1995 | 7608828 |
| characterization of a g14 equine rotavirus (strain ch3) isolated in japan. | antigenic and genomic properties of equine rotavirus strain ch3 isolated in japan were studied by cross-neutralization tests and nucleotide sequence determination of the vp4 and vp7 genes. it was shown that the strain ch3 belongs to g14 and shares vp4 genotype with strain h2. | 1994 | 7826211 |
| genetic analysis of equine rotavirus by rna-rna hybridization. | serotype g3 equine rotaviruses isolated in japan made up a common genogroup and were classified into two different genotypes. the genomes of serotype g3 equine rotaviruses with an identical electropherotype (isolated from 1982 to 1989) were very closely related to each other regardless of the year in which they were isolated. serotype g3 equine rotavirus bi originating from england belonged to the same genogroup of serotype g3 equine rotaviruses isolated in japan, although bi was classified as h ... | 1994 | 7989559 |
| genomic relatedness of five equine rotavirus strains with different g serotype and p type specificities. | overall genomic relatedness among five equine rotavirus strains and their relatedness to representative human and animal rotavirus strains were investigated by rna-rna hybridization tests. the genomes of strains fi-14, fi-23 and h2 were highly related to one another. strain l338 had only a low degree of genomic relatedness to the other four equine rotavirus strains. strain h1 also showed little genetic relatedness to the other equine strains. the genome of the strain h1, however, was highly rela ... | 1993 | 8140288 |
| the outer capsid protein vp4 of equine rotavirus strain h-2 represents a unique vp4 type by amino acid sequence analysis. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of g serotype 3 equine rotavirus strain h-2 was determined. a predicted 776-amino-acid h-2 vp4 shows less than or equal to 85.3% identity to other rotavirus vp4 types sequenced to date and thus represents a new p serotype. a pcr-generated probe derived from a cdna clone of h-2 gene 4 hybridized to gene 4 of several tissue-culture-adapted equine rotavirus isolates, demonstrating that the gene 4 allele present in the h-2 strain is present in the equin ... | 1993 | 8382410 |
| species-specific and interspecies relatedness of nsp1 sequences in human, porcine, bovine, feline, and equine rotavirus strains. | we have sequenced gene 5 encoding nsp1 for three human, two porcine, two bovine, one feline, and five equine rotavirus strains, and compared the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with the published sequences for other various strains. subgroup i human strains l26, 69m, and ds-1 were found to have a similar nsp1 sequence despite their different g serotypes, vp4 genotypes, and rna patterns. the nsp1 sequence of the human strain k8 showed a high degree of homology to those of porcine stra ... | 1996 | 8629937 |
| identification of a unique vp4 serotype that is shared by a human rotavirus (69m strain) and an equine rotavirus (h-2 strain). | a cdna clone representing the vp4-encoding gene of human rotavirus strain 69m(vp7 serotype 8) was constructed and inserted into a baculovirus expression vector. baculovirus recombinants that expressed the 69 m vp4 protein in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells were screened by immunofluorescence with hyperimmune antiserum to the 69m strain and purified by terminal dilution. the expressed vp4 was detected by coomassie blue staining of page-separated proteins. the antigenic relationships between the ... | 1996 | 8629943 |
| survey of equine rotaviruses shows conservation of one p genotype in background of two g genotypes. | dig-labelled ssrna probes were prepared from variable regions of vp4 and vp7 cognate genes, and used in hybridization assays for p and g genotyping of group a cell culture-adapted equine rotaviruses and fecal samples collected from foals with and without diarrhea. the probes confirmed known p and g serotypes of sixteen cell culture-adapted strains. from one-hundred and twenty-one rotavirus-positive samples, 83 reacted when tested for their p and g genotype specific probes. from these, 71 were fo ... | 1996 | 8893784 |
| field study of the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an inactivated equine rotavirus vaccine. | to determine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an inactivated equine rotavirus vaccine. | 1997 | 9227750 |
| prepartum equine rotavirus vaccination inducing strong specific igg in mammary secretions. | | 2000 | 10883857 |
| antigenic and molecular analyses reveal that the equine rotavirus strain h-1 is closely related to porcine, but not equine, rotaviruses: interspecies transmission from pigs to horses? | we have sequenced the genes encoding the inner capsid protein vp6 and the outer capsid glycoprotein vp7 of the subgroup (sg) i equine rotavirus strain h-1 (p9[7], g5). the vp6 and vp7 proteins of the equine rotavirus strain h-1 shared a high degree of sequence and deduced amino acid identity with sg i porcine strains and serotype g5 porcine strains, respectively. previous sequence analyses of the genes encoding the outer capsid spike protein vp4 and the nonstructural proteins nsp1 and nsp4 of eq ... | 2001 | 11210939 |
| characterization of neutralization specificities of outer capsid spike protein vp4 of selected murine, lapine, and human rotavirus strains. | neutralization specificities of outer capsid spike protein vp4 of murine rotavirus strains ew (p?[16],g3) and ehp (p?[20],g3) and lapine rotavirus strains ala (p?[14],g3), c11 (p?[14],g3), and r2 (p?[14],g3) as well as human rotavirus strains pa169 (p?[14],g6) and hal1166 (p?[14],g8) were determined by two-way cross-neutralization. this was done by generating and characterizing (i) three murine x human, three lapine x human, and two human x human single gene substitution reassortant rotaviruses, ... | 2002 | 12167342 |
| genomic rna constellation of recently emerging serotype g14 equine rotavirus strains in japan that is highly homologous with prototype g3 and g14 strains previously identified in the united states of america. | serotype g14 was once considered to be uncommon among equine rotaviruses. while it sporadically emerged in some parts of the world, serotype g14 became the dominant g serotype among rotaviruses detected in foals with diarrhea in japan in the late 1990s. however, it is not known how such recently emerging g14 rotaviruses are related in their overall genomic rna constellation to prototype g14 strain identified earlier in the united states of america or how they were generated and why they have dom ... | 2003 | 12721800 |
| a human vaccine strain of lamb rotavirus (chinese) nsp4 gene: complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses. | a lamb strain of rotavirus has recently been licensed for use in china as a live vaccine to prevent rotavirus diarrhea in children. as rotavirus nsp4, especially the cytotoxic domain alone is considered to be associated with diarrhea, we sequenced gene segment 10, which encodes nsp4, of lamb rotavirus. comparative analyses was performed to identify differences from human rotavirus strains, that might be associated with attenuation, and to ascertain whether the lamb rotavirus gene fits among the ... | 2003 | 12803470 |
| isolation and molecular characterisation of equine rotaviruses from germany. | a total of 26 rotavirus positive faecal samples of diarrhoeal foals, and 8 equine rotavirus isolates were examined. viral rna patterns were generated, g typing was performed by pcr, and a p[12]-specific dna probe was developed for p typing. furthermore, five equine rotavirus isolates were sequenced in the genomic regions coding for vp7 and part of vp4. rotaviruses of genotype g3 p[12] were found in 22 faecal samples and g14 p[12] type could be found in 4 faecal samples. these findings confirm th ... | 2005 | 15627523 |
| molecular characterization of equine rotavirus in ireland. | group a rotaviruses are important causative agents of severe, acute dehydrating diarrhea in foals. a total of 86 rotavirus-positive fecal samples, collected from diarrheic foals from 11 counties in three of the four provinces of ireland, were obtained from the irish equine centre in kildare during a 7-year (1999 to 2005) passive surveillance study and were characterized molecularly to establish the vp7 (g type) and vp4 (p type) antigenic specificities. fifty-eight samples (67.5%) were found to c ... | 2008 | 18716232 |
| detection of equine rotavirus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). | reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was applied to detection of equine rotavirus. because equine rotavirus of the single p genotype, p[12], is predominant in the equine population worldwide, an rt-lamp primer set was designed to target the genotype p[12] sequence and thus detect equine rotavirus. the detection limit of the rt-lamp assay was 10(3) copies of viral rna, whereas that of semi-nested rt-pcr for genotype p[12] was 10(5) copies. the rt-lamp assay speci ... | 2010 | 20160420 |
| rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in foals in greece. | severe outbreaks of diarrhoeic syndrome occurred in young foals at the same stud farm during two consecutive breeding periods namely spring 2006 and 2007. rotavirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the faeces of the affected foals and group a rotavirus infection was confirmed by reverse-transcription (rt)-pcr with selected sets of rotavirus-specific primers. sequence analysis of the genes encoding the outer capsid rotavirus proteins vp7 and vp4 enabled classification of the ... | 2010 | 20197218 |
| evaluation of rapid antigen detection kits for diagnosis of equine rotavirus infection. | we evaluated antigen detection kits for human rotavirus with regard to their usefulness for diagnosing equine rotavirus infection. limiting dilution analyses showed that of the seven kits investigated the dipstick `eiken' rota (dipstick) had the highest sensitivity to two serotypes of equine rotavirus. the dipstick did not cross-react with several equine intestinal pathogens. an investigation using 249 fecal samples indicated that the sensitivity of the dipstick was 81.9% and 47.3%, and its spec ... | 2010 | 20453452 |
| concentration of acrylamide in a polyacrylamide gel affects vp4 gene coding assignment of group a equine rotavirus strains with p[12] specificity. | it is universally acknowledged that genome segment 4 of group a rotavirus, the major etiologic agent of severe diarrhea in infants and neonatal farm animals, encodes outer capsid neutralization and protective antigen vp4. | 2010 | 20573245 |
| molecular characterization and analysis of equine rotavirus circulating in japan from 2003 to 2008. | using a total of 2018 fecal samples collected between 2003 and 2008 from foals with diarrhea, the molecular epidemiology of group a equine rotaviruses circulating in japan was investigated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) typing and sequence analysis of the vp4 (p type) and vp7 (g type) genes. a total of 1149 samples showed positive reactions with rt-pcr, of which 462 samples (40.2%) were positive for g3 type, 502 samples (43.7%) were positive for g14 type, and 185 ... | 2011 | 21565456 |
| complete molecular genome analyses of equine rotavirus a strains from different continents reveal several new genotypes and a largely conserved genotype constellation. | in this study, the complete genome sequence of seven equine group a rotavirus (rva) strains (rva/horse-tc/gbr/l338/1991/g13p[18], rva/horse-wt/irl/03v04954/2003/g3p[12] and rva/horse-wt/irl/04v2024/2004/g14p[12] from europe; rva/horse-wt/arg/e30/1993/g3p[12], rva/horse-wt/arg/e403/2006/g14p[12], and rva/horse-wt/arg/e4040/2008/g14p[12] from argentina, and rva/horse-wt/zaf/eqrv-sa1/2006/g14p[12] from south africa) were determined. multiple new genotypes were identified and genotype numbers were a ... | 2011 | 22190012 |
| detection of bovine group a rotavirus using rapid antigen detection kits, rt-pcr and next-generation dna sequencing. | we investigated the sensitivity of human rotavirus rapid antigen detection (rad) kits, rt-pcr and next-generation dna sequencing (ngs) for detection of bovine group a rotavirus (rva). the dipstick 'eiken' rota (dipstick) showed the highest sensitivity out of the seven rad kits against all selected strains in limited dilution analyses, which was consistent with the results of equine rotavirus previously reported. rt-pcr had 10(0)-10(3)-fold higher sensitivity than the dipstick. the ngs using rt-p ... | 2013 | 23912876 |
| infectious agents associated with diarrhoea in neonatal foals in central kentucky: a comprehensive molecular study. | diarrhoea caused by infectious agents is common in foals but there is no comprehensive molecular work-up of the relative prevalence of common agents and appearance of coinfections. | 2014 | 23773143 |
| identification of g and p genotype-specific motifs in the predicted vp7 and vp4 amino acid sequences. | equine rotavirus (erv) strain l338 (g13p[18]) has a unique g and p genotype. however, the evolutionary relationship of l338 with other ervs is still unknown. here whole genome analysis of the l338 erv strain was independently performed. its genotype constellations were determined as g13-p[18]-i6-r9-c9-m6-a6-n9-t12-e14-h11, confirming previous genotype assignments. the l338 strain only shared the p[18] and i6 genotypes with other ervs. the nucleotide sequences of the other 9 rna segments were dif ... | 2015 | 26321159 |
| evidence for the porcine origin of equine rotavirus strain h-1. | equine group a rotavirus (rva) strain h-1 (rva/horse-tc/gbr/h-1/1975/g5p9[7]) was found to have vp4, vp6-7, nsp1 and nsp4 genes of porcine origin. in order to obtain conclusive information on the exact origin and evolution of this unusual equine strain, the remaining six genes (vp1-3, nsp2-3 and nsp5 genes) of strain h-1 were analyzed in the present study. by whole genomic analysis, strain h-1 exhibited a porcine rva-like genotype constellation (g5-p[7]-i5-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1), different fro ... | 2012 | 22437009 |