| reproductive characteristics in a chicken fibroblast cell culture and some physicochemical properties of "baku" virus. | | 1976 | 13561 |
| population variability of the "baku" virus. | | 1976 | 13574 |
| viral superinfection in cells carrying an arenavirus and/or a togavirus. | four lines of the same l-cell clone were transferred 60 times in parallel: uninfected cells, a line carrying lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), another one carrying tick-borne encephalitis virus (tev) and one carrying both viruses. in double persistency, lcm and tev were suppressed and stimulated, respectively. cell multiplication rates were comparable in all four lines. single lcmv persistence caused marked resistance of l cells to superinfecting viruses from various taxonomic groups, b ... | 1978 | 35946 |
| variation in orbiviruses. | | 1979 | 91662 |
| discontinuous counter-immunoelectrophoresis in the study of viruses. | a method for the use of the discontinuous counter-immunoelectropnoresis (dcie) technique in the study of viruses of the major taxonomic groups is reported. the method was successfully employed in detection of antigen of viruses in the bunyavirus, bunyavirus-like, flavivirus, orbivirus, and rhabdovirus groups, and/or of antibody to these agents. although less sensitive than the complement fixation test, the dcie test was found to be rapid and in some cases more specific in differentiating related ... | 1978 | 97243 |
| response of erythrocebus patas monkeys to experimental infection with the orbivirus orungo virus. | the response of erythrocebus patas monkeys experimentally inoculated by the intravenous and subcutaneous routes with orungo virus (family reoviridae, genus orbivirus) was studied with reference to development of clinical signs, circulation of virus and antibody response. none of the animals showed clinical disease nor did they circulate virus. however, all the animals developed complement fixing (cf), neutralizing (n) and agar gel (ag) precipitating antibodies between day seven and day 14 post i ... | 1978 | 97815 |
| infantile gastroenteritis virus. | the authors demonstrated presence of virus particles of 55--75 nm manifesting morphological properties of the virus of infantile gastroenteritis (rotavirus, orbivirus, reo-like virus) by means of the electron microscopy, when investigating samples of stools of children sufferring from non-bacterial diarrheal diseases. stool extracts were incubated with commercial gamma globulins or with convalescent sera provoking formation of extensive immunocomplexes. the complexes do not form when stool extra ... | 1979 | 118211 |
| biochemical and biophysical characteristics of diarrhea viruses of human and calf origin. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of purified preparations of human and calf diarrhea viruses indicated eight polypeptide components, or possibly nine in the case of the calf diarrhea virus. thermal denaturation and analytical studies of the calf diarrhea virus genome showed it to consist of 11 double-stranded segments of rna. the placing of the human and calf diarrhea viruses together with other similar viruses into a genus separate from reovirus and orbivirus, but within the family r ... | 1975 | 171450 |
| international arbovirus research. | international cooperation in arbovirus research became increasingly prominent shortly after it was found in the early 1940's, that antigenic relationships existed among certain viruses isolated in different areas of thw world. the interest of a number of scientists and of a private organization led to the establishment of an international information exchange and to the preparation of an international catalogue of arboviruses including certain other viruses of vertebrates. international cooperat ... | 1975 | 173936 |
| arboviruses in finland: models for arctic arboviruses and viral structure. | | 1975 | 173937 |
| tick-borne viruses associated with seabirds in north america and related islands. | about 18 tickborne viruses associated with seabirds are known from canada, mexico, the antilles, and the united states, including its oceanic islands. antigenic groups to which these viruses belong are hughes, b, sakhalin, uukuniemi, kemerovo, nyamani and quaranfil. members of the last two groups are known in the western hemisphere only from central pacific islands and may reflect intrusion of elements of the australian region. in the areas under discussion, antibody surveys have been minimal, b ... | 1975 | 173938 |
| tick-borne viruses in finland. | ixodes ricinus is the only one of six tick species reported from finland found to carry viruses. it transmits tick-borne encephalitis and uukuniemi viruses, and transmission of a kemerovo group virus is suggested by antibody findings. tick-borne encephalitis is common only in the sw-archipelago; it is also found near the se-boarder but is very rare elsewhere. in contrast, uukuniemi virus is common throughout the distribution area of i. ricinus, being commoner on the mainland than in the archipel ... | 1975 | 173939 |
| avian arboviruses of the witless bay seabird sanctuary, newfoundland, canada. | a virologic and serologic survey of arbovirus infections among seabirds and seabird ticks, ixodes uriae, on great island. witless bay, newfoundland, canada, was conducted during 1971 and 1972. kermerovo (great island, bauline) and sakhalin (avalon) group viruses previously reported from birds and/or ticks on great island were prevalent among avian populations, while conclusive evidence of known nonindigenous serotypes was lacking. circumstantial evidence-hemagglutination inhibiting antibody-of a ... | 1976 | 180301 |
| a new member of the palyam serogroup of orbiviruses. | | 1976 | 186930 |
| viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in young children. | conventional virologic investigations generally failed to implicate viruses as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. when negative-contrast stain electron microscopy was used for the examination of stool samples from affected patients, several candidate etiologic agents were discovered. rotavirus (otherwise known as orbivirus, reo-like agent, and infantile gastroenteritis virus) emerged as an important causative agent. in a considerable number of patients, however, no causative age ... | 1977 | 195461 |
| [isolation of a kemerovo complex orbivirus (strain cvilín) from ticks in the north moravia region (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 199359 |
| [characteristics of the biological properties of a kemerovo group arbovirus isolated in transcarpathia]. | a strain of an arbovirus named mircha was isolated from ixodes ricinus l. ticks (30 incompletely engorged females) collected in may, 1972 from cows pastured in a forest near the village of mircha of the velikobereznyansky district of the zakarpathye region of the ukrainian ssr. the strain was found to be pathogenic for newborn white mice and rats by the intracerebral and intraperitoneal routes and for chick embryos inoculated into the yolk sac, to replicate in chick embryo fibroblast culture pro ... | 1977 | 200013 |
| orungo virus of the orbivirus taxon. experimental sheep infection and neutralizing antibodies in domestic and wild animals in nigeria. | | 1978 | 204395 |
| investigations on the presence of antibodies to alphaviruses, flaviviruses, bunyavirus and kemerovo virus in humans and some domestic animals. | the presence of antibodies to some alphaviruses, flaviviruses, bunyaviruses and orbiviruses was studied in the sera from humans and domestic animals of biotopes "c" and "t" in the south-east of romania. specific antibodies were found in humans to 3 alphaviruses (eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis and sindbis), in a very low proportion, and to 3 flaviviruses (tickborne encephalitis, west nile and ntaya), at a much higher percentage. very low percentages of antibodies to buny ... | 1978 | 209613 |
| experimental mixed cns infections in mice caused by three ixodes ricinus transmitted arboviruses. | approximately 12-day-old mice were infected intracerebrally with tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus (strain hypr), unkuniemi virus (strain by e50) and tribec virus, as single virus inoculations, coinfections with two or three viruses, and sequential infections with two or three viruses at 24-hour intervals. the effect of mixed infections on mortality, morbidity and average survival time was recorded. the main findings were that: 1. some mixed infections with tbe and uuk viruses reduced the mort ... | 1978 | 214993 |
| characterization of the tubules associated with the replication of three different orbiviruses. | | 1979 | 218352 |
| [demonstration of the possibility of transphase transmission of the wad medani virus in h. a. anatolicum ticks infected on experimentally infested agricultural animals]. | | 1979 | 223024 |
| [morphological data on the reproductive characteristics of the leiv-108a and leiv-3306 uz strains of the baku virus in chick fibroblast cell culture]. | electron microscopic examinations of chick fibroblast cells 24 hours after inoculation with leiv-108a and leiv-3306 uz strains of baku virus revealed the following: in the nuclei of the cells infected with the leiv-108a strain fine granular matrices were found and virus particles were forming at the periphery of the nucleus; in the leiv-3306uz-infected cells virus particles were found budding from the plasma membrane of the cell. | 1979 | 223330 |
| [physicochemical properties of the okhotsky virus]. | purified concentrated okhotsky virus was prepared. the buoyant densities of its virions were determined in sucrose and cesium chloride gradients and found to be 1.16--1.18 and 1.36 g/cm3, respectively. the experimental evidence indicated the double-stranded nature of okhotsky virus genome rna. the study of the above physico-chemical properties confirmed the appurtenance of okhotsky virus to the genus orbivirus of the reoviridae family. | 1979 | 225884 |
| [orbiviruses]. | | 1979 | 229658 |
| the nucleic acid and proteins of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. | purified epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) was shown to contain 10 double-stranded rna segments and a double-layered protein capsid with 4 major and 4 minor polypeptides. the virus differed from bluetongue virus (btv), the orbivirus prototype, in that ehdv had an additional minor polypeptide component. this component, together with the major polypeptides p2 and p5, formed the outer capsid layer of the virus. the extra polypeptide apparently stabilizes this layer since, unlike btv, ehdv ... | 1979 | 233147 |
| characterization of paramyxo-, herpes-, and orbiviruses isolated from psittacine birds. | isolates of paramyxo-, herpes-, and orbiviruses from psittacine birds were characterized in the course of studies in cell cultures. the lbd-1 isolate, from a lovebird, was grown in chick kidney (ck) cells. it had the properties of a paramyxovirus but was found tobe serologically distinct from known avian paramyxoviruses. this virus was pathogenic for japanese quail but not for young chickens or budgerigars. rsl-1 and -2, isolated from diseased rosellas, were propagated in chicken embryo fibrobla ... | 1979 | 486000 |
| assay of interferon and viral antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid in clinical neurology and psychiatry. | cerebrospinal fluids (csf) of 245 neurological and 194 psychiatric patients were tested for viral antibodies and interferon. complement dependent neutralizing antibodies to herpesvirus hominis 1 were found in the csf of patients with encephalitis (50.6%), meningitis (35.4%), lesions of peripheral nerves (36.9%), sclerosis multiplex (41.2%), schizophrenia (31.9%), senile dementia (51.4%), mental retardation (11.1%), ethylism (43.5%). neutralizing antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus were f ... | 1979 | 525159 |
| purification and preliminary characterization of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbivirus group). | | 1975 | 811587 |
| studies on the particles of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbivirus group). | isopycnic centrifugation of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbivirus group) in a cscl gradient produced up to four bands at densities 1.38, 1.36, 1.30 and 1.28 g/ml. the particles in the bands had sedimentation coefficients of 380-400s, 520-530s, 270-280s and 320-330s, respectively. whereas the 1.38 and 1.36 g/ml particles contained rna, the 1.30 and 1.28 g/ml particles lacked rna. upon heating at 37 degrees, the 1.36 g/ml particles broke down into particles of higher and lower density. | 1976 | 827504 |
| preliminary characterization of the nucleic acid of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbivirus group). | the nucleic acid of infantile gastroenteritis virus was partially characterized. it was found to be a double-stranded rna having a buoyant density in cs2so4 of 1.57 g/ml. | 1976 | 1002417 |
| the basis of arbovirus classification. | the biologically defined set of arboviruses contains well over 300 separate viruses which have been subdivided into some 40 serological groups on the basis of antigenic cross-reactivity. more than three quarters of all arboviruses can now bw placed into one of the following five major taxonomic genera based upon the fundamental properties of the virion: alphavirus, flavivirus, orbivirus, rhadovirus, bunyavirus. there are 20 alphaviruses, representing serological group a, and 57 flaviviruses in s ... | 1975 | 1207193 |
| propagation of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbi-group) in conventional and germfree piglets. | infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbi-group) recovered from stools of infants with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis was administered per os to germfree and conventional piglets. virus was found subsequently in stools and in the mucosal epithelial cells of the small intestine of these animals. some animals developed diarrhea. added proof of orbivirus replication was obtained through the use of tritiated uridine injections and the recovery of labeled virus in gut contents at the time of autopsy. ... | 1975 | 1239420 |
| hybridization relatedness of israeli and u.s. bluetongue (blu) serotypes using cdna probes from blu virus strain 11-uc8. | partial cdna clones representing 47%, 96%, and 98% of genome segments 7, 9, and 10, respectively, of a us bluetongue virus (blu) 11 virulent strain were used to study, for the first time, the genetic relationships between israeli blu proto-serotypes and field isolates, and us blu proto-serotypes. their usefulness as group-specific identification probes was also determined. the viral nucleic acid was extracted from the infected cells and the purified dsrna genome segments were fractionated by pol ... | 1992 | 1309643 |
| enhanced neurovirulence of tick-borne orbiviruses resulting from genetic modulation. | the genome of orbiviruses (reoviridae family) comprises 10 segments of double-stranded rna. the fourth largest segment of the tick-borne kemerovo (kem) group orbiviruses is the genetic determinant of neurovirulence in experimentally infected mice, and segment 6 determines serotype. reassortant viruses derived from a cross between two kem-related viruses, great island (gi) and wexford (wex), that had the heterotypic gene combination w4g6 (segment 4 of wex virus and segment 6 from gi virus) were n ... | 1992 | 1312266 |
| comparison of the nonstructural protein, ns3, of tick-borne and insect-borne orbiviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the smallest rna segment (segment 10) of broadhaven (brd) virus, a tick-borne orbivirus, was determined from a full-length cdna clone. the genome segment is 702 nucleotides in length and has a coding capacity for two proteins of either 205 or 199 amino acids, having net charges of +16.5 and +17.5, respectively, at neutral ph. comparison of the sequence of rna segment 10 of brd, bluetongue, african horse sickness, and palyam viruses revealed amino acid homology ... | 1992 | 1312282 |
| comparison of the major structural core proteins of tick-borne and culicoides-borne orbiviruses. | comparison of sequence data for broadhaven (brd) virus, a tick-borne orbivirus, and bluetongue virus (btv), the type species of the genus, indicated that rna segments 2 and 7 of brd virus encode the two structural core proteins, vp2 and vp7, respectively. segment 2 is 2792 nucleotides in length with a coding capacity for a protein (vp2) of 908 amino acids and a net charge of +8.5 at neutral ph. segment 7 is 1174 nucleotides in length with a coding capacity for a protein (vp7) of 356 amino acids ... | 1992 | 1328474 |
| isolation of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses from mosquitoes collected in indonesia. | three viruses isolated from anopheline mosquitoes in indonesia have been identified as bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses. another virus isolate showed no relationship to other orbiviruses tested and should be regarded as a new virus; the name golok is proposed for it. the mosquitoes were collected in 1980 and 1981 in a program designed to isolate flaviviruses infecting humans. it is apparent that such collections of arthropods which feed on large mammals could be screened for ... | 1992 | 1333672 |
| selective inhibition of arthropod-borne and arenaviruses in vitro by 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyadenosine. | a novel nucleoside analog, 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyadenosine (3'f3'dado), was evaluated for antiviral activity against several arthropod-borne and arenaviruses in vero cell culture. the following 50% inhibitory concentrations (ec50) of virus plaque formation were obtained against the test viruses: semliki forest (10.3 microm) and venezuelan equine encephalitis (5.3 microm) alphaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis (7.7 microm) and pichinde (greater than 32 microm) arenaviruses, punta toro (greater th ... | 1992 | 1365816 |
| expression of the major core antigen vp7 of african horsesickness virus by a recombinant baculovirus and its use as a group-specific diagnostic reagent. | the major core protein, vp7, of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (ahsv-4), the aetiological agent of a recent outbreak of the disease in southern europe, was expressed in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing a cloned copy of the relevant ahsv gene (s7). analyses of its biochemical and antigenic properties confirmed the authenticity of the protein expressed. the high-level expression of vp7 under the control of the strong polyhedrin promoter of autographa californ ... | 1992 | 1378881 |
| presentation of hepatitis b virus pres2 epitope on bluetongue virus core-like particles. | a chimeric protein containing most of the hepatitis b virus pres2 region (amino acid residues 1-48) upstream to, and colinear with the amino-terminus of bluetongue virus vp7 protein (pres2-vp7) was expressed by a recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). the chimeric protein formed btv core-like particles (clps) in spodoptera frugiperda cells only when the cells were coinfected with this recombinant virus and a recombinant baculovirus that expresses unmodified vp7 an ... | 1992 | 1381538 |
| an attempt to define the host range for african horse sickness virus (orbivirus, reoviridae) in east africa, by a serological survey in some equidae, camelidae, loxodontidae and carnivore. | a survey was carried out in horse, zebra, elephant, camel, sheep and goat and wild carnivore sera for virus-serum neutralising antibody to the nine type strains of african horse sickness virus. antibody was found amongst the horse, zebra and elephant sera to all nine different strains. no antibody was detected in any sera from camels, sheep and goats. none was found in sera from hyaena and jackals in this series but had been detected earlier. | 1992 | 1615634 |
| a comparison of the nucleotide sequences of cognate ns2 genes of three different orbiviruses. | the genes encoding nonstructural protein ns2 of african horsesickness virus (ahsv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) were cloned, sequenced, and compared to the ns2 gene of bluetongue virus (btv). nucleotide similarity ranged from 53 to 60%. the length of the proteins varied from 376 amino acids (ehdv) to 365 amino acids (ahsv). the n-terminal half of ns2 is more conserved (+/- 58% similarity) among the three orbiviruses, while the c-terminal half contains a 120 amino acid region of ... | 1991 | 1656603 |
| detection and characterisation of bluetongue virus using the polymerase chain reaction. | pairs of oligodeoxynucleotide primers whose sequences were based on those of rna segment 3 that encodes the bluetongue virus serogroup-reactive protein vp3, were synthesized for three btvs from different geographic regions of the world and for seven australian orbiviruses. each pair of primers was then tested for the synthesis of cdna and in subsequent polymerase chain reactions (pcr) with all ten virus groups. all primers were serogroup-specific at low or high stringency. one pair of primers wa ... | 1991 | 1660214 |
| african horse sickness in spain. | the aetiology, pathogenesis and epizootiology of african horse sickness (ahs) are reviewed with special reference to recent outbreaks in the iberian peninsula. ahs is a highly fatal insect-borne viral disease of equidae. it is caused by an orbivirus (family reoviridae) and nine serotypes are recognised. outbreaks occurred in central spain in 1987 and in southern regions of the iberian peninsula in 1988, 1989 and 1990. all were associated with serotype 4 of the virus, whereas other occurrences of ... | 1992 | 1481352 |
| rabbit syncytium virus is a kemerovo serogroup orbivirus. | polyacrylamide gel genome electropherotyping and negative-stain electron microscopic studies, along with immunofluorescent staining and immune electron microscopy reactions, indicate that rabbit syncytium virus has the morphologic, genomic, and antigenic attributes of a kemerovo serogroup orbivirus. | 1991 | 1663523 |
| preliminary crystallographic study of bluetongue virus capsid protein, vp7. | bluetongue virus serotype 10 (btv-10) vp7, expressed by insect cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus, has been purified and crystallized. two crystal forms suitable for x-ray analysis have been obtained. type i crystals belong to space group p6(3)22 with a = b = 95.2 a, c = 181.0 a, alpha = beta = 90 degrees gamma = 120.0 degrees, and contain a single subunit in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. they diffract to dmin = 3.0 a. type ii crystals belong to space group p2(1) with a = 69 ... | 1992 | 1333534 |
| antibodies against certain bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viral serotypes in indonesian ruminants. | the orbiviruses contain several important viruses of livestock including bluetongue (bt) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (ehd) which share some group antigens. preliminary screening of sera for antibodies to orbiviruses by the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test has previously revealed widespread infections with the bt group in indonesia. however serum neutralization (sn) tests give a more accurate estimate of exposure to each serotype in the bt and ehd groups, and in this study were ... | 1991 | 1679575 |
| mixed rickettsia-virus infection in dermacentor reticulatus imago. | electron microscopic examination revealed replication and accumulation of rickettsia sibirica in the fat body of experimentally infected dermacentor reticulatus ticks. rickettsia are released from the fat body cells by budding being surrounded with cytoplasm and plasmalemma of the host cell. eukaryotic cell structures have been detected consisting of lamella layers whirled around the intact rickettsiae. in addition to rickettsia, microorganisms morphologically resembling francisella tularensis a ... | 1991 | 1681715 |
| a bluetongue serogroup-reactive epitope in the amino terminal half of the major core protein vp7 is accessible on the surface of bluetongue virus particles. | immunoelectron microscopy has been used to confirm that the core protein vp7 is accessible on the surface of bluetongue virus (btv) particles. monospecific antibodies generated to vaccinia virus-expressed vp7 and an anti-vp7 monoclonal antibody (mab 20e9) bound to native virus particles and were localized by protein a-gold. in contrast, mab 20e9 labeled directly with gold failed to gain access and bind, suggesting that vp7 is neither adventitiously adsorbed to the virion surface nor exposed in a ... | 1991 | 1703371 |
| vp2 is the major exposed protein on orbiviruses. | | 1991 | 1759907 |
| epidemiology of bluetongue and related orbiviruses in the sultanate of oman. | sentinel herds at 34 farms were used to study the epidemiology of bluetongue and related orbiviruses in oman. the results indicate that bluetongue virus (btv) is widespread and is enzootic in northern oman. at least three btv serotypes (3, 4 and 22) were present at the time of the study. antibodies to epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus (ehdv) type 2 and ehdv-318 were also detected but were less prevalent. entomological investigations identified the presence of 16 species of culicoides. ... | 1991 | 1847102 |
| teratogenicity of the palyam serogroup orbiviruses in the embryonated chicken egg model. | embryonated chicken eggs were used as a model for assessing the teratogenic potential of several palyam serogroup orbiviruses. infection of 4-day-old embryonated chicken eggs via the yolk sac with eight of the viruses resulted in deaths or congenital deformities which included retarded development, arthrogryposis and reduced feathering. statistical analysis showed that the viruses could be divided into three groups: those that caused death (gweru virus isolates 866/77 and 1726/76; and apies rive ... | 1991 | 1847103 |
| [the ultrastructure of the interaction of rickettsia sibirica and r. slovaca with the cells of ixodid ticks]. | the ultrastructural aspects of the interaction of r. sibirica and r. slovaca with cells of mites of the species dermacentor reticulatus, d. marginatus and ixodes ricinus after their parenteral infection, as well as in the organs of d. marginatus infected naturally in the environment, have been studied. both rickettsial species have similar morphology in different organs of the vector. these rickettsiae not only multiply, their populations are also partly destroyed in phagolysosomes. the natural ... | 1991 | 1867038 |
| multiple glycoproteins synthesized by the smallest rna segment (s10) of bluetongue virus. | the genome of bluetongue virus, an orbivirus, consists of 10 double-stranded rnas, each encoding at least one polypeptide. the smallest rna segment (s10) encodes two minor nonstructural proteins, ns3 and ns3a, the structures and functions of which are not understood. we have expressed these two proteins in mammalian cells by using the t7 cytoplasmic transient expression system. using a deletion mutant (lacking the first aug initiation codon), we have demonstrated that the second initiation codon ... | 1992 | 1331513 |
| synthesis of the virus-specified tubules of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus using a baculovirus expression system. | the formation of virus-specific tubules is one of the most characteristic features in the orbivirus infection cycle, yet little is known about their role in virus replication. the tubuli are composed of a major nonstructural protein, ns1. we have investigated the expression of the ns1-encoding gene of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (alberta-strain) by producing a recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). prior to cloning in the baculovirus transfer v ... | 1991 | 1891959 |
| phylogenetic analyses of the complete nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein (vp3) of australian epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus (serotype 2) and cognate genes from other orbiviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the minor capsid protein (vp3) of epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus (ehdv; australian serotype 2) was determined using a combination of cloning and sequencing methods. gene segment 3 that coded for the ehdv vp3 capsid protein was 2768 nucleotides in length with a coding region of 2697 nucleotides flanked by 5' and 3' non-coding regions of 17 and 53 nucleotides, respectively. a protein of 899 amino acids (mr 103,160) having no overall charge at neutr ... | 1991 | 1962502 |
| evolutionary relationships among the gnat-transmitted orbiviruses that cause african horse sickness, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease as evidenced by their capsid protein sequences. | the amino acid sequences of four major capsid proteins of african horse sickness virus (serotype 4, ahsv-4) have been compared with those of bluetongue virus of sheep. epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer, and the phylogenetic relationships established. complete nucleotide sequence analysis of three rna segments (l2, l3, and m6) of ahsv-4 and their encoded products, vp2, vp3, and vp5, together with previously published data for vp7 (roy et al., 1991), have revealed that of the four capsid ... | 1992 | 1329319 |
| polypeptides induced in chick embryo cells by kemerovo virus. | fifteen polypeptides induced by kemerovo virus were detected in chick embryo cells (mr 140, 98, 89, 72, 65, 62, 57, 54, 50, 47, 43, 41, 39, 31 kd, and 30 kd). nine of them, namely the 140, 98, 65, 62, 57, 54, 50, 47 kd, and 41 kd polypeptides were also found in the partially purified virus. however, the latter contained also considerable amount of host cell proteins, predominantly the 205 kd, 45 kd, and 37 kd polypeptides. in the electron microscope the spherical viral particles exhibited a poor ... | 1990 | 1975972 |
| flow cytometric analysis of in vitro bluetongue virus infection of bovine blood mononuclear cells. | cultures of adherent and non-adherent bovine peripheral blood mononuclear (pbm) cells were inoculated with bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10. some cultures of non-adherent cells were stimulated with interleukin 2 (il-2) and concanavalin a for 24 h prior to virus inoculation. cells were harvested at various intervals up to 72 h after inoculation. a panel of leukocyte differentiation antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), specific for bovine cd2, cd4 or cd8, monocytes and granulocytes, b ... | 1992 | 1322956 |
| genetic relatedness of two new orbivirus serogroups: orungo and lebombo. | orungo and lebombo orbivirus isolates were examined for their intra- and intergroup genetic relatedness by blot hybridization and gene reassortment; blot hybridization was also used to examine the relatedness of selected orungo and lebombo isolates to known orbiviruses. among the orungo isolates, greater than 74% sequence similarity was shown in the majority of their genes. gene 2 was the most divergent gene, with four unique types identified, and genes 5, 6 and 10 were variant among the isolate ... | 1991 | 2033390 |
| a comparison of the genes which encode non-structural protein ns3 of different orbiviruses. | the segment 10 (s10) genes of african horsesickness virus (ahsv), palyam virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus were translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. each of the s10 genes encoded two proteins ns3 and ns3a, which were shown to be related by peptide mapping. cloned copies of the s10 genes of two ahsv serotypes (ahsv-3 and ahsv-9) and palyam virus were sequenced and compared to each other and to the nucleotide sequence of bluetongue virus (btv) gene s10. two in-p ... | 1991 | 2033391 |
| characterization of the genes encoding two of the major capsid proteins of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus indicates a close genetic relationship to bluetongue virus. | the sequences of the genes of two of the major capsid proteins of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 (ehdv-1, orbivirus genus, reoviridae) have been determined by analyses of cdna clones representing the l2 and s7 rna segments. the ehdv-1 s7 rna segment, which encodes the vp7 core protein, is 1162 nucleotides in length and has the capacity to encode 349 amino acids (m(r) 38,243). the ehdv-1 l2 rna segment, which encodes the outer capsid vp2 protein (m(r) 113,249) is 2968 nucleotides ... | 1992 | 1321879 |
| three-dimensional reconstruction of baculovirus expressed bluetongue virus core-like particles by cryo-electron microscopy. | when the viral proteins vp3 and vp7 of bluetongue virus (btv) are expressed simultaneously in the baculovirus system, core-like particles form spontaneously. the 3-d structure of these core-like particles, determined from cryo-electron micrographs, reveals an icosahedral structure 72.5 nm in diameter with 200 triangular spikes arranged on a t = 13,i lattice; the five spikes around each of the fivefold axes are absent. this is in contrast to the native btv core particles which have a complete t = ... | 1992 | 1318601 |
| identification of bluetongue virus vp6 protein as a nucleic acid-binding protein and the localization of vp6 in virus-infected vertebrate cells. | recently the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) has been effectively adapted as a highly efficient vector in insect cells for the expression of various genes. a cdna sequence of rna segment 9 of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (btv-10, an orbivirus member of the reoviridae family) encoding a minor core protein (vp6) has been inserted into the bamhi site of the pacym1 transfer vector derived from acnpv. spodoptera frugiperda cells were cotransfected with the ... | 1990 | 2152806 |
| electron microscopy of japanaut and tilligerry viruses: two proposed members of the orbivirus group. | japanaut and tilligerry viruses were studied by thin-section and negative-contrast electron microscopy, and from their morphology and morphogenesis appear to be typical orbiviruses. characteristic intracellular structures are associated with the development of the two viruses. these structures include coated tubules and one or more types of structure which appear to be composed of a number of parallel sheets of moderately electron-dense material. | 1975 | 1238075 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of genome segment 7 of bluetongue virus, serotype 1 from south africa. | | 1990 | 2168541 |
| polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the genomes of two orbiviruses: d'aguilar and eubenangee. | the orbiviruses d'aguilar and eubenangee were shown to possess rna genomes separable into ten segments by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. although there were minor differences in the molecular weights of corresponding genome segments of the two orbiviruses, the overall patterns were more similar to each other than to that of the reovirus type 3 genome. | 1975 | 1225863 |
| virus particles and gastro-enteritis in black and white children in rhodesia. | stools from black and white children with gastroenteritis and from controls were investigated for potentially pathogenic agents by conventional virological and bacteriological methods and by electron microscopy. isolations were obtained in 30 percent of cases but electron microscopy more than doubled the number of agents found. orbiviruses were present in 40 percent of all cases, often in combination with other organisms. there was no difference between the black and white groups. | 1975 | 1135722 |
| a gel electrophoretic study of the protein and nucleic acid components of african horsesickness virus. | the physico-chemical structure of african horsesickness virus (ahsv) is compared with that of some of the other members of the reoviridae, and in particular with that of bluetongue virus (btv), the type strain of the orbivirus genus. this study adduces evidence of a great similarity between the gel electrophoretic patterns of the polypeptides of ahsv and btv. the molecular mass values of the 7 ahsv polypeptides range between 0,30 x 10(5) and 1,46 x 10(5) dalton, a variation similar to that of bt ... | 1976 | 1023091 |
| further studies on bluetongue and bluetongue-related orbiviruses in the sudan. | the seasonal incidence of bluetongue virus (btv) in central sudan is related primarily to fluctuations in the prevalence of the vector, culicoides imicola. population densities of this midge begin to rise with the onset of precipitation and peak during october, before falling sharply at the end of the rainy season in november. these are also the months of btv transmission. populations of c. schultzei, the commonest midge in central sudan, are also related to the rainy season but this species doe ... | 1990 | 2174372 |
| characterization of orungo virus, an orbivirus from uganda and nigeria. | orungo virus was studied in cell culture and mice by light and electron microscopy. the virus developed in the cytoplasm of infected cells in mouse brain and cell culture in association with a specific viral granular matrix and accompanying filaments. virus particle size was 63 nm with a core diameter of 34 nm. most particles were released from infected cells by lysis, but some budded through membranes and assumed a "pseudoenvelope". in its morphology and mode of morphogenesis, orungo virus was ... | 1976 | 973798 |
| the isolation of recombinants between related orbiviruses. | temperature-sensitive mutants of the related orbiviruses, wallal and mudjinbarry, recombine with high frequency when grown in pairs in cell culture. the genome of each virus consists of discrete segments of double-stranded rna and high frequency recombination suggests that reassortment of genome segments occurs rather than classical recombination. electrophoresis in acrylamide gels of rna extracted from the progeny of a cross between wallal ts 101 and mudjinbarry ts 3 mutants, revealed that thre ... | 1978 | 722283 |
| the rna genome of tilligerry virus. | rna extracted from tilligerry virus, a member of the eubenangee group of orbiviruses, separated into ten segments after electrophoresis in acrylamide gels. the molecular weights of most segments differed from the corresponding segments of eubenangee virus. | 1978 | 708325 |
| antibody response to arboviruses. absence of increased response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. | complement fixation and hemagglutination imhibition tests were conducted on the serums of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis using a variety of arboviral antigens. seventy-eight complement fixation and 15 hemagglutination-inhibition viral antigens were used representing togaviruses, orbiviruses, rhadoviruses, bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, and several ungrouped agents. the serological results did not indicate any relationship between these viruses and either amyotrop ... | 1978 | 666595 |
| viruses isolated from culicoides midges in south africa during unsuccessful attempts to isolate bovine ephemeral fever virus. | five viruses, unrelated to bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv), were isolated from culicoides biting-midges collected during the summer months of the years 1968-69 and 1969-70 near a cattle herd in which cases of bef occurred and at an open horse stable at onderstepoort. these viruses were investigated by means of serological, electron-microscopical and physicochemical tests. it was established that 2 isolates, cul. 1/69 and cul. 2/69, were related to each other and belonged to the palyam subgro ... | 1979 | 551368 |
| orbiviruses of the kemerovo complex and neurological diseases. | | 1978 | 214685 |
| [study of the morphological aspects of okhotskiĭ virus replication in a chick fibroblast culture]. | electron microscopic studies of chick embryo fibroblast cells 24 hours after infection with okhotsky virus revealed changes typical orbivirus infection in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the cells. the nuclei of the infected cells contained fine-granular matrices with forming virus particles and tubular structures. the cell cytoplasm also contained tubular structures, crystal arrays, fine-granular matrices and virus particles 50-60 nm in diameter. | 1977 | 198962 |
| studies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the serodiagnosis of bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer. | an elisa for the detection of serum antibody in sheep, cattle and goats to the viruses of bluetongue (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (ehdv) has been developed. two methods of antigen preparation were analysed for efficacy in the elisa and inter-group seroreactivity. a freeze-thaw (f/t) antigen appeared to have a narrower specificity than a cytoskeletal preparation from infected cells (p200) which contained all viral proteins. a higher background reactivity was seen when using th ... | 1988 | 2454528 |
| cape wrath: a new kemerovo group orbivirus from ixodes uriae (acari: ixodidae) in scotland. | | 1976 | 189034 |
| comparison of competitive elisa, indirect elisa and standard agid tests for detecting blue-tongue virus antibodies in cattle and sheep. | the performances of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a group specific monoclonal antibody against bluetongue virus, an indirect elisa and the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test were compared in the detection of serum antibody against bluetongue virus. test sera consisted of 1300 bovine, 530 ovine and 160 carpine samples from bluetongue-free areas of canada, 605 bovine and ovine field samples from the usa and barbados and 464 samples from 79 cattle and shee ... | 1989 | 2538952 |
| susceptibility of orbiviruses to low ph and to organic solvents. | six orbiviruses, corriparta, wallal, eubenangee, d'aguilar, warrego and mitchell river, were inactivated within 30 min in solutions of ph less than 6. all but wallal virus resisted treatment with ether at 1 degrees for 22 h but only corriparta virus resisted treatment with chloroform at 1 degrees for 22 h. the genomes of the orbiviruses, including corriparta virus, after electrophoresis in acrylamide gels separated into basically similar patterns which were distinct from the pattern of reovirus ... | 1978 | 30445 |
| orungo virus, an orbivirus from africa: effects of physical and chemical agents. | orungo virus is relatively sensitive to lipid solvents and sodium deoxycholate. it is readily inactivated at 37 degrees c and above, by u.v. irradiation, bp and formalin. orungo virus is ph 3.0 labile, but stable at ph range of 5.0-7.0. multiplication of orungo virus in bhk-21 cell cultures is not affected in the presence of 5-iododeoxyuridine. | 1977 | 24332 |
| a monoclonal antibody blocking elisa detects antibodies specific for epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. | the isolation of a monoclonal antibody (1g9/c9) with specificity for the epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) serogroup has enabled the development of a highly sensitive and specific blocking elisa (b-elisa) for the detection of serum antibodies to ehd viruses. the assay was sensitive to blocking antibodies present in hyperimmune reference antisera to all six ehd serotypes tested but was unaffected by reference antisera to 19 south african and eight australian serotypes of the related orbivirus ... | 1991 | 1663289 |
| molecular cloning of serogroup- and serotype-specific genome segments from bluetongue virus serotype 11. | genome segments 2, 6, 8, and 9 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 11, coding for p2, ns1, ns2, and p6, respectively, were cloned into puc 8. sizes of segment-2 and segment-6 clones indicated partial copies (55% and 80% of full length, respectively), whereas segment 8 and 9 clones represented full-length copies. northern blot hybridizations of the clones to the 5 united states btv prototypic serotypes (2, 10, 11, 13, and 17) revealed segment-2 clone to be serotype-specific to btv-11, whereas segm ... | 1989 | 2552873 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of segment 5 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus; the outer capsid protein vp5 is homologous to the vp5 protein of bluetongue virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone representing the segment 5 rna of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) united states serotype 1 was determined. the 5' and 3' termini of the rna are complementary and are capable of forming secondary structures. the comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the encoded outer capsid protein (vp5) with the sequences of vp5 from four serotypes of bluetongue virus, the prototype orbivirus, revealed that the protein shares 59% to 62% ho ... | 1991 | 1662845 |
| [a seroepidemiologic and virological study of the presence of arboviruses in moldavia in 1961-1982]. | in romania, st. drăgănescu et al., miszkolczy et al., based on clinical and epidemiological observations, affirmed the possible presence of "tick-borne encephalitis (tbe)". however, critical retrospective evaluation of certain others' papers published through 1958-1971 reveal some uncommon features. by way of example: a very high incidence of cf- and hi-antibodies in acute and chronic cns illnesses as well as in general population; replication in nucleus and maturation in mitochondria of a strai ... | 1989 | 2561524 |
| serological comparison of kagoshima and chuzan viruses of palyam serogroup orbivirus isolated in japan. | | 1989 | 2640259 |
| a comparison of different genomic probes in the detection of virus-specified rna in orbivirus-infected cells. | different 32p-labelled genomic probes of bluetongue virus (btv), epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) and equine encephalosis virus (eev) were compared with respect to the detection of virus-specified rna in infected cells. the probe derived from the genome segment that encodes nonstructural protein ns1 was found to be the most sensitive, detecting virus-specified rna in glutaraldehyde-fixed cells as early as 2-3 h p.i. this comparison was based on the observation that the ns1 gene probe ... | 1991 | 1651948 |
| characterization of palyam serogroup orbiviruses isolated in south africa and serologic evidence for their widespread distribution in the country. | the finding that there had been multiple isolations of palyam serogroup orbiviruses from aborted cattle fetuses in neighbouring zimbabwe, suggested that there was a need to investigate the possible occurrence of the viruses in south africa. unidentified viruses isolated in south africa, which had been in storage, were examined. four viruses which had been isolated from culicoides midges collected at various sites in the years from 1969 to 1977, were identified as three strains of gweru virus and ... | 1989 | 2703025 |
| 2nd international symposium on bluetongue, african horse sickness and related orbiviruses, paris, 17-21 june 1991. | | 1991 | 1666947 |
| genetic reassortment indicates a new grouping for tick-borne orbiviruses. | the kemerovo (kem) serogroup of tick-borne orbiviruses (reoviridae family) is currently classified into four antigenic subgroups: kem, chenuda (cnu), great island (gi), and wad medani (wm) (b. m. gorman, j. taylor, and p. j. walker, 1983, in "the reoviridae," pp. 287-357). reassortment assays were carried out to determine the potential for gene exchange both within and between subgroups. genome segment reassortment was demonstrated between members of two subgroups: kem virus (a human pathogen) a ... | 1989 | 2741338 |
| infection with bluetongue and related orbiviruses in the sudan detected by the study of sentinel calf herds. | using two sentinel calf herds, the seasonal incidence of bluetongue in central sudan was shown to be a predictable event related to the rainy season and to vector population. seroconversions to bluetongue virus (btv) were detected only between july and december. neutralizing antibodies to 16 btv serotypes (1-10, 12, 14, 17, 20-22) were present in animals from both sentinel herds. the use of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay made possible the distinction between infections due to btv a ... | 1987 | 2824226 |
| synthesis and characterization of chimeric particles between epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus: functional domains are conserved on the vp3 protein. | a functional assay has been developed to determine the conservative nature of the interacting sites of various structural proteins of orbiviruses by using baculovirus expression vectors. for this investigation, proteins of two serologically related orbiviruses, bluetongue virus (btv) and the less studied epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), were used to synthesize chimeric particles. the results demonstrate that the inner capsid protein vp3 of ehdv-1 can replace vp3 protein of btv in form ... | 1991 | 1870203 |
| development of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of bluetongue virus in tissue samples. | total genomic dsrna, extracted from purified core particles of bluetongue virus serotype 1 from south africa (btv1sa), was used as template to optimise a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of bluetongue virus rna. pairs of oligonucleotides complementary to the 3' termini of eight of the ten genome segments were tested. those representing the 5' termini of genome segment 7 gave the best amplification results producing a single dna band with the same mobility during agarose gel elec ... | 1990 | 1964939 |
| evidence of 5'-terminal modification in the kemerovo virus double-stranded rna segments and its removal by treatment with alkaline phosphatase. | only one strand of each double-stranded (ds) rna segment of the kemerovo virus genome was 5'end-labelled using gamma-32p-atp and t 4 polynucleotide kinase after preceding dephosphorylation of 5'ends by calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase. this suggests a 5'-terminal modification of the one of complementary strands in the ds rna segments. | 1990 | 1975982 |
| growth of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer viruses in poikilothermic cell systems. | continuous cell lines from the ticks dermacentor variabilis, d. parumapertus, d. nitens, rhipicephalus sanguineus and r. appendiculatus, the mosquitoes aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus and the african toad xenopus laevis were tested for their ability to replicate bluetongue (bt) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (ehd) viruses, and for their sensitivity as potential isolation systems. bt serotype 17 grew to peak titers of 10(4.5)-10(7.5) tcid50 ml-1 in all except one of the tic ... | 1988 | 2833002 |
| electrophoresis of the complementary strands of the double-stranded kemerovo virus rnas in agarose-urea gel. | single-stranded (ss)rnas derived from 10 double-stranded (ds)rna segments of kemerovo virus (kv) were separated into 13 rna bands by agarose-urea gel electrophoresis. the complementary strands of the dsrna segments 1, 9 and 10 displayed different electrophoretic mobility. an attempt was made to determine the origin of the ssrna bands. the ssrna bands originating from the dsrna segments 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10 were identified unequivocally, while those originating from the dsrna segments 4, 5, 6, 7 and ... | 1990 | 1981448 |
| arbovirus infection in humans in nsw: seroprevalence and pathogenicity of certain australian bunyaviruses. | a sero epidemiological study was carried out on human sera from all regions of new south wales for the presence of antibodies to nine bunyaviruses viz aino, akabane, belmont, gan gan, kowanyama, mapputta, peaton, tinaroo, trubanaman and the orbivirus corriparta. neutralising antibodies were found in titres up to 1280 to gan gan and to 640 to trubanaman viruses, prevalences 4.7% and 1.4% respectively. neutralisation titres up to 40 were found to belmont, aino, peaton and corriparta viruses but th ... | 1990 | 2108660 |
| proteins of palyam serogroup viruses. | the replication and polypeptide synthesis of abadina virus, a member of the palyam serogroup of orbiviruses, was studied. the first virus-specified proteins could be demonstrated 2 to 4 h post-infection (p.i.) by immunoprecipitation. the rate of synthesis increased rapidly until 12 h p.i. after which it remained fairly constant until 18 h p.i. when it began to decline. host cell protein synthesis shutoff was incomplete. twelve virus-induced polypeptides were identified in infected cell lysates, ... | 1990 | 2141069 |