| aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus by dilution in water. | poliovirus and reovirus were found to aggregate into clumps of up to several hundred particles when diluted 10-fold into distilled water from a stock preparation of minimal aggregation in 0.05 m phosphate buffer, ph 7.2, plus 22 to 30% sucrose. reovirus was also found to aggregate when diluted into phosphate-buffered saline. the aggregation was concentration dependent and did not occur when either virus was diluted into water 100-fold or greater. the aggregation of poliovirus was reversible by f ... | 1977 | 13711 |
| identification of the virucidal agent in wastewater sludge. | anaerobically digested sludge contains an agent that causes irreversible inactivation of poliovirus. it has now been shown that the agent responsible for this activity is ammonia. the effect of ammonia on poliovirus appears to be typical for picornaviruses, but reovirus, an enteric virus of another group, is quite resistant to this compound. because ammonia is not virucidal in its charged state, it expresses significant activity only at ph values greater than 8. therefore, increasing the ph of s ... | 1977 | 17367 |
| discovery of an agent in wastewater sludge that reduces the heat required to inactivate reovirus. | an agent that causes heat inactivation of reovirus to occur at reduced temperatures has been found in both raw and anaerobically digested sludge. this agent is originally associated with sludge solids but can be washed from these solids by blending with water. the activity of the agent was considerably greater in alkaline than in acid solutions, probably because it is insoluble at low ph. the agent was shown to be nonvolatile and heat stable up to 300 degrees c but was inactivated within 30 min ... | 1977 | 23072 |
| viral aggregation: quantitation and kinetics of the aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus. | the aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus was followed in buffers at various ph values by means of a single particle analysis (spa) test. the spa test used here was modified from the original test reported earlier to prevent disaggregation of virus clumps from invalidating the results. the modified spa test demonstrated that the efficiency of aggregation, which is a measure of the percentage of collisions which are effective in producing an aggregate, may vary widely depending on the conditions ... | 1978 | 28077 |
| viral aggregation: effects of salts on the aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus at low ph. | as a first step toward the understanding of virus particle interactions in water, we have used the modified single particle analysis test to follow the aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus as induced by low ph in suspensions containing varying amounts of dissolved salts. salts composed of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations and mono- and divalent anions were tested for their ability to reduce or increase the aggregation of these viruses in relation to that obtained by low ph alone. mono- and div ... | 1978 | 28078 |
| improved methods for detecting enteric viruses in oysters. | new and improved methods for concentrating enteroviruses, reoviruses, and adenoviruses from oysters have been developed and evaluated. viruses are efficiently adsorbed to homogenized oyster meat by adjusting the homogenate to ph 5.0 and a conductivity of less than or equal to 2,000 mg of nacl per liter. after low-speed centrifugation, the virus-free supernatant is discarded and the viruses are eluted from the sedimented oyster solids with ph 7.5 glycine-nacl having a conductivity of 8,000 mg of ... | 1978 | 29555 |
| rotavirus stability and inactivation. | the stability of the infectivity of simian rotavirus, sa11, has been analysed and compared to the stability of reovirus type 1. sa11 infectivity was stable to freeze-thawing, sonication, incubation at 25 degrees c overnight or at 37 degrees c for 1 h and to treatment with acid, ether, chloroform and genetron. in contrast to reovirus, the infectivity of sa11 was more rapidly inactivated by heating at 50 degrees c. sa11 infectivity was inactivated above ph 10.0 and by heating at 50 degrees c in 2 ... | 1979 | 39115 |
| viral aggregation: buffer effects in the aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus at low and high ph. | the effects of the buffer employed in maintaining a given ph value were tested on the aggregation of two viruses, poliovirus and reovirus. poliovirus was found to aggregate at ph values of 6 and below, but not at ph 7 or above, except in borate buffer. reovirus aggregated at ph 4 and below, but was found to aggregate only in acetate or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-citrate buffers at ph 5. other buffers tested for aggregation of reovirus at ph 5 (succinate, citrate, and phosphate-citrate) indu ... | 1979 | 43706 |
| viral aggregation: mixed suspensions of poliovirus and reovirus. | the aggregation of mixtures of two dissimilar viruses, poliovirus i (mahoney) and reovirus iii (dearing), was followed by electron microscopy under conditions known to induce either aggregation or dispersion of each virus separately. neither virus aggregated at ph 7 in an appropriate buffer, and no mixed aggregates were formed. under conditions of lowered ionic strength (by dilution into distilled water) poliovirus became aggregated, whereas reovirus did not, and again no mixed aggregates were f ... | 1979 | 44447 |
| circular dichroism of intermediate subviral particles of reovirus. elucidation of the mechanism underlying the specific monovalent cation effects on uncoating. | 1. circular dichroic (cd) spectra of purified intermediate subviral particles of reovirus were determined in the presence of different monovalent cations. 2. the cd spectra reveal that reo intermediate subviral particles can exist in two conformationally different forms. the two forms are readily distinguished by comparison of their ellipticities in the wavelength regions 210 nm and 220 nm, with a na+-induced form exhibiting a reduced negative ellipticity relative to a cs+-induced form. 3. the t ... | 1976 | 63290 |
| a potential artifact generated by pelleting viral particles during preparative ultracentrifugation. | | 1976 | 63291 |
| cell culture studies with a cytopathic bovine rotavirus. | the growth characteristics in mdbk cells of a calf rotavirus isolated in northern ireland are described. of a range of cell cultures tested, the virus grew in secondary bovine kidney and mdbk cells, but consistently produced a cpe only in mdbk cells. the cpe consisted of cytoplasmic vacuolation, development of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions, and degeneration and detachment of cells from the monolayer. the onset of cpe was more rapid and its effects more severe in rolled cultures than s ... | 1977 | 70198 |
| organ cultures of rat and hamster colon. | human fibrin foam as a matrix for three-dimensional organ cultures was successfully employed for the cultivation of newborn rat and hamster colon tissue. colonic tissue was maintained under different oxygen atmospheres and with various synthetic media. explants of rat and hamster colon, maintained in leibovitz's l-15 medium buffered with hepes in the presence of 5% co2 and air, retained their normal columnar epithelial architecture for 24 days in culture. outgrowth of epithelial cells from colon ... | 1975 | 165141 |
| in vitro cultivation of cells from the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos. | by treatment of chorioallantoic membranes from embryonated eggs with collagenase and hyaluronidase before the conventional application of trypsin cells could be grown in culture which supported growth of a large variety of myxoviruses, herpesviruses, avian reoviruses and the infectious bronchitis virus of chickens. the cultures could be used for sensitive plaque assays and neutralization tests. | 1975 | 165393 |
| methylation-dependent translation of viral messenger rnas in vitro. | methylated reovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus mrnas, synthesized in vitro in the presence of s-adenosylmethionine by the virion-associated polymerases (rna nucleotidyltransferases, ec 2.7.7.6), stimulate protein synthesis by wehat germ extracts to a greater extent than unmethylated mrnas. addition of s-adenosylmethionine to a cell-free extract programmed with unmethylated mrna stimulates protein synthesis and results in methylation of the mrna. an inhibitor of mrna methylation. s-adenosylho ... | 1975 | 165487 |
| comparison of the characteristics of avian reoviruses isolated from the digestive and respiratory tract, with viruses isolated from the synovia. | two-week-old gnotobiotic chicks were inoculated in the foot pad with viruses isolated from synovia and synovial membrane-wvu 1464-29h, wvu 1675, wvu 2937, wvu 2986, and wvu 71-212; from digestive tract-reoviruses 24, 25, and 59; or from respiratory tract-reovirus fahey-crawley (fc). all viruses induced swelling of the foot pad and inflammatory changes of synovial membrane. serum from virus-infected chicks had a common agar gel precipitin (agp) line. on the basis of the plaque-reduction test in p ... | 1975 | 167621 |
| structural and growth characteristics of two avian reoviruses. | two virus strains which had been suspected to be the etiological agents of infectious bursitis (gumboro disease) and of inclusion body hepatitis of chickens were characterized by their morphology, their peptide composition and the segmented genome of their double-stranded rna to be typical reoviruses. although the 2 avian strains did not clearly differ in their serological behaviour, the size of some of their rna segments were not identical. both strains replicated in tissue cultures prepared fr ... | 1975 | 170888 |
| identity of cowdry type b inclusions and nuclear bodies: observations in reovirus encephalitis. | | 1975 | 171173 |
| characterisation of a rotavirus.20b. | | 1975 | 173999 |
| virus association with wastewater solids. | the solids produced at an urban wastewater treatment plant, tested semiquantitatively, almost all contained human intestinal viruses. reoviruses and five or more types of enteroviruses were present. sludge, digested anaerobically at 30 degrees-32 degrees c, and grit contained measurable levels of viruses. until reliable means of inactivating the viruses have been developed and implemented, great care should be taken in disposing of these solids. | 1975 | 174907 |
| reovirus type 3 infection of laboratory mice in india. | | 1975 | 175001 |
| the seroepidemiology of reovirus, coxsackievirus infections among panamanian indian children. | rates of hepatitis b virus infection varied significantly among panamanian indian tribes. chocó and mainland cuna indians had a greater prevalence of antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen than guaymi and island cuna indians. the village water supply appeared to be the major environmental difference that distinguished the tribes from one another. since contaminated water plays a role in the transmission of enterovirus, an attempt was made to assess relative exposure to contaminated water by det ... | 1976 | 176278 |
| structural and growth characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus. | the infectious bursal disease virus is not enveloped and has a diameter of 60 nm and a density of about 1.32 g/ml. it contains two pieces of single-stranded rna with molecular weights close to 2 x 10(6). the capsid is made up of four major polypeptides with molecular weights of 110,000, 50,000, 35,000, and 25,000. the virus replicates in chicken embryo fibroblasts rather than in epitheloid cells. after an eclipse period of 4 h, virus production reaches a maximum about 12 h later. the virus has n ... | 1976 | 176463 |
| [isolation of reoviruses from mink]. | in this first report of the isolation of reovirus from mink, isolates were obtained from 18 to 26 young mink with viral enteritis, by using cultures of cat kidney cells. the isolated also produced cytopathic changes in cell cultures of mink kidney, dog kidney, piglet kidney, calf kidney, bovine embryonic kidney and calf testis. a characteristic feature was the formation of eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasma of culture cells. haemagglutination tests were negative with erythrocytes fr ... | 1975 | 180927 |
| isolation and properties of reovirus from cattle in an outbreak of acute respiratory disease. | a cytopathogenic virus was isolated in the primary culture of bovine kidney cells from a nasal swab of affected calves in an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in japan in 1971. it agglutinated human type o erythrocytes and produced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. viral replication was inhibited by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, indicating that the viral nucleic acid was rna. the virus was resistant to ether, chloroform, sodium deoxycholate, and acid, and passed readily through sartorius' membrane fil ... | 1976 | 181678 |
| generation of defective virus after infection of newborn rats with reovirus. | when 2-day-old rats were inoculated subcutaneously with the r2 strain of reovirus type 3 or with a class b (352) or class c (447) temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant, 5 to 10% of the animals died from acute encephalitis within 12 days. approximately half of the survivors recovered rapidly and grew normally, but the remainder became runted. two phases of infection are distinguished in the animals: an acute phase during which infectious virus reaches a maximum titer in brain and other tissues by 10 ... | 1976 | 185414 |
| differential synthesis of blocked and unblocked 5'-termini in reovirus mrna: effect of pyrophosphate and pyrophosphatase. | viral mrna synthesized in vitro by reovirusassociated enzymes contained 5'-terminal ppg, gpppg, or m7gpppgm. selective synthesis of one type of 5'-end was obtained by adjusting the composition of the transcription reaction mixture based on a series of reactions proposed for formation of blocked, methylated 5'-terminal sequences of mrna (capformation). the presence of inorganic pyrophosphate increased the proportion of ppg 5'-ends, while addition of pyrophosphatase yielded mrna with 5'-terminal g ... | 1976 | 185613 |
| reoviruses from chickens with hydropericardium. | | 1976 | 186933 |
| isolation of apparently wild strains of poliovirus type 1 from sewage in the ottawa area. | in the first 4 months of 1974, 140 gauze pad samples of sewage collected in the ottawa area were analysed by the bs-c-1 cell system for the presence of viruses pathogenic for humans. viruses were isolated from 111 (79%) of the samples. of the 72 (65%) isolates identified by serology and electron microscopic examination, 56 (78%) were reoviruses and 16 (22%), enteroviruses. the enterovirus isolates included one coxsackievirus b4, one vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3, nine vaccine strains of po ... | 1977 | 188533 |
| [vaccinations of animals and human health (author's transl)]. | vaccination of animals may have both positive and negative effects on human health. the negative consequences largely occur with live vaccines. the protection provided by vaccination to animals is taken advantage of for human health in the most diverse ways, both directly and indirectly. typical examples are vaccination of dogs and cats against against rabies and inoculation against diseases of cattle, horses and dogs in which reoviruses of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 are involved. an important contrib ... | 1977 | 194146 |
| electrophoretic separation of double-stranded rna genome segments from warrego and mitchell river viruses. | | 1977 | 196574 |
| [reoviruses and their role in animal and human infectious pathology]. | | 1977 | 197712 |
| inactivation of enteric viruses in wastewater sludge through dewatering by evaporation. | the effect of dewatering on the inactivation rates of enteric viruses in sludge was determined. for this study, water was evaporated from seeded raw sludge at 21 degrees c, and the loss of viral plaque-forming units was measured. initial results with poliovirus showed that recoverable infectivity gradually decreased with the loss of water until the solids content reached about 65%. when the solids content was increased from 65 to 83%, a further, more dramatic decrease in virus titer of greater t ... | 1977 | 201215 |
| [virus inactivation by hydrogen peroxide]. | the effect of h2o2 on adenovirus types 3 and 6, adenoassociated virus type 4, rhinoviruses 1a, 1b, and type 7, myxoviruses, influenza a and b, respiratory syncytial virus, strain long, and coronavirus strain 229e was studied in vitro, using different h2o2 concentration and timec of exposure. h2o2 in a 3 percent concentration inactivated all the viruses under study within 1--30 min. coronavirus and influenza viruses were found to be most sensitive. reoviruses, adenoviruses and adenoassociated vir ... | 1977 | 203115 |
| [rotavirus as a causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis. diagnosis and epidemiology (author's transl)]. | some years ago it was not possible in spite of intensive bacteriological and virological work on the etiology of acute infantile gastroenteritis to find any agent that may readily be linked to this disease. since five years now early sporadic reports about virus-like particles have proved worldwide to be correct and in the meantime have substantially been supported by new findings in that these particles are the main causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis. as part of our electron-microscop ... | 1978 | 207634 |
| virus-induced diabetes mellitus: reovirus infection of pancreatic beta cells in mice. | reovirus type 3, passaged in pancreatic beta-cell cultures, produced an insulitis when inoculated into 1- to 2-week-old mice. by means of a double-label antibody technique, in which we used fluorescein-labeled antibody to reovirus and rhodamine-labeled antibody to insulin, reovirus antigens were found in beta cells. by electron microscopy, viral particles in different stages of morphogenesis were observed in insulin-containing beta cells but not glucagon-containing alpha cells. the infection res ... | 1978 | 208156 |
| hamster embryo cells transformed by herpes simplex virus: reactions with adeno-associated satellite virus (aav) and its adenovirus helpers. | we have studied the reactions of hamster embryo cells transformed by ultraviolet-inactivated herpes simplex type 2 (333-8-9 t cells) to infections with adeno-associated satellite virus (aav) and its adenovirus helpers. resident hsv structural antigens were not detectable in early or late passage of 333-8-9 t cells. aav structural antigens were not detected in these cells unless the cells were coinfected with a helper adenovirus. in early passage 333-8-9 t cells were permissive to infections with ... | 1977 | 210924 |
| immunoperoxidase technique for the rapid differentiation of murine enteric viruses in tissue culture. | | 1978 | 211702 |
| differential sensitivity of normal and transformed human cells to reovirus infection. | normal and simian virus 40-transformed wi-38 cells exhibited a differential sensitivity to infection with type 3 reovirus. a progressive decrease in viability began 24 to 36 h after infection of transformed cells terminating in complete lysis of cultures by 96 h. normal cells were productively infected and continued to produce and release virus for as long as 14 days after infection, but exhibited no detectable cytopathology. inhibition of cellular dna synthesis began 15 to 18 h after infection ... | 1978 | 214572 |
| comparative sensitivity of various cell culture systems for isolation of viruses from wastewater and fecal samples. | in efforts to define the most sensitive cell culture systems for recovery of viruses from wastewaters, 181 samples were inoculated in parallel into tube cultures of various cell types and were plaqued in bottle and petri dish cultures of three types of monkey kidney cells. polioviruses were recovered most frequently in the rd line of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, group a coxsackieviruses in rd and human fetal diploid kidney (hfdk) cells, group b coxsackieviruses in the bgm line of african green ... | 1978 | 215087 |
| identification of detergents as components of wastewater sludge that modify the thermal stability of reovirus and enteroviruses. | the agent in wastewater sludge previously shown to reduce the heat required to inactivate reovirus (r. l. ward and c. s. ashley, appl. environ. microbiol. 34:681--688, 1977) was "separated" from other sludge components and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. the infrared spectrum of this material was quite similar to the spectra of commercial anionic detergents, and subsequent analyses of the fractionated sludge samples revealed that anionic detergents in sludge were copurified with the virucidal ... | 1978 | 216308 |
| effect of viruses on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils. | the effects of newcastle disease, herpes simplex, vaccinia, encephalomyocarditis, vesicular stomatitis and reoviruses on in vitro function of neutrophils were studied in ficoll-hypaque-separated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) employing the technique of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. newcastle disease, herpes simplex vaccinia, and reoviruses depressed chemiluminescence by 98, 65, 46, and 29%, respectively, while encephalomyocarditis and vesicular stomatitis viruses had no inhibitory eff ... | 1979 | 223982 |
| second-step concentration of viruses in drinking and surface waters using polyethylene glycol hydroextraction. | in our laboratory, virus adsorbed to talc--celite layers is eluted with 100 ml of 10% fetal calf serum (fcs) in normal saline (ph 9.0). a further 10-fold reduction in the volume of the eluate was necessary before its inoculation into cell cultures. a 100-ml volume of an experimentally contaminated sample was placed in a dialysis sac and hydroextracted overnight (4 degrees c) with polyethylene glycol (peg) 6000. the viscous material remaining in the sac was resuspended in 10 ml of earle's balance ... | 1979 | 224994 |
| virus-induced diabetes mellitus: infection of mice with variants of encephalomyocarditis virus, coxsackievirus b4, and reovirus type 3. | | 1979 | 227239 |
| a morphological study of human rotavirus. | human rotavirus has a characteristic icosahedral structure which has a honeycomb-like appearance on the surface of the smooth particles and 42 polygonal capsomeres in the rough particles. | 1979 | 229794 |
| characterization of avian reoviruses isolated from the synovia and breast blister. | reoviruses texas, s 1133, umi 203, and wvu 2937 induced swelling of the foot pad and inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes when inoculated in the foot pad of 2-week-old gnotobiotic chicks. from differences in virus neutralization as measured with geometric mean (r) value, all four viruses are subtypes of a single serotype. the cell-associated and cell-released virus growth curves were similar, with a lag phase of about 15 hours and a log phase of 15 to 21 hours. viral rna synthesis reac ... | 1979 | 232658 |
| molecular basis of reovirus virulence: role of the s1 gene. | a genetic approach has been used to define the molecular basis for the different patterns of virulence and central nervous system cell tropism exhibited by reovirus types 1 and 3. intracerebral inoculation of reovirus type 3 into newborn mice causes a necrotizing encephalitis (without ependymal damage) that is uniformly fatal. animal inoculated with reovirus type 1 generally survive and may develop epedymal cell damage (without neuronal necrosis) and hydrocephalus. using recombinant clones deriv ... | 1977 | 271999 |
| antiviral activities of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-aniside (sn11841). | sn11841 [4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-aniside] is an antitumor compound discovered by b.f. cain. the ld50 for balb/c mice with single intraperitoneal dosage is approximately 25 mg/kg. rlv-(rauscher leukemia virus)-induced splenomegaly, a disease indicator in balb/c mice, is inhibited at sn11841 doses not causing acute mortality. the life span of rlv-infected mice increases at some sn11841 doses. sn11841 does not have direct, or virolytic effects on rlv under conditions approximating tho ... | 1977 | 280145 |
| polyadenylylation of proteins in reovirions. | the reovirus oligoadenylates exist in two states within the virion: free and bound to viral proteins. the latter class of oligonucleotides, after digestion with penicillium (p1) nuclease, yields adenylic acid and an adenosine-containing compound that is positively charged at ph 1.7, 3.5, or 6.5. in a mixture of [35s]methionine- and [3h]adenosine-labeled reovirus disrupted by sodium dodecyl sulfate/urea, approximately 4% of the radioactivity in [35s]methionine-labeled proteins coelutes with [3h]a ... | 1979 | 290987 |
| ionizing radiation perturbs the switch-on of transcriptase in a model transcription complex in vitro. | ionizing radiation markedly alters the response of the reovirus transcriptase unblocking mechanism to stimulation by k+ ions, which normally trigger the switch-on of transcription in this system. in irradiated subviral particles the concentration of k+ ions needed to trigger switch-on is reduced in a dose-dependent way. the observed alteration of switch-on characteristics appears to correlate with alteration of the electrophoretic behaviour of a single major polypeptide species. these observatio ... | 1979 | 313920 |
| molecular weights of the rna genome segments of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus determined by a new comparative approach. | | 1977 | 319594 |
| the action of ribonuclease t1 on reovirus double-stranded rna. | | 1977 | 411422 |
| revertants of temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus: evidence for frequent extragenic suppression. | | 1979 | 419688 |
| genetics of reovirus: the relationship of interference to complementation and reassortment of temperature-sensitive mutants at nonpermissive temperature. | | 1979 | 442527 |
| synthesis and translation of mrna containing 5'-terminal 7-ethylguanosine cap. | reovirus mrna synthesis in vitro by the virion-associated rna polymerase was only slightly (10 to 15%) diminished in the presence of 2 mm s-adenosylethionine. however, methyl group transfer from s-adenosylmethionine (0.05 mm) to the 5'-terminal cap structure, m7gpppgm in this mrna was markedly inhibited (80%) under these conditions. replacement of s-adenosylmethionine by s-adenosylethionine (5 mm) yielded mrnas containing mainly (70%) 5'-terminal e7gpppge and e7gpppg, but some of the products we ... | 1979 | 447745 |
| conservation and modification of the pyrimidine-rich reovirus oligonucleotides after infection. | | 1979 | 452410 |
| activation of reovirion-associated poly(a) polymerase and oligomer methylase by cofactor-dependent cleavage of mu polypeptides. | | 1979 | 452422 |
| impairment of reovirus mrna 'cap' methylation in interferon-treated mouse l929 cells. | reovirus mrnas synthesized in vitro by the virionassociated enzyme have a 5' 'cap 1' structure (m7g(5')ppp(5')gmpcp...). however, about one third to one half of the reovirus mrnas formed in mouse l929 cells have a 5' 'cap 2' structure (m7g(5')ppp(5')gmpcmp...) and the rest have a 5' 'cap 1' structure. the finding that virus mrna 'cap' methylation is impaired in extracts of interferon-treated cells prompted us to study the effect of interferon on virus mrna 'cap' methylation in vivo. using labeli ... | 1979 | 454611 |
| differential dependence of reovirus-associated enzyme activities on genome rna as determined by psoralen photosensitivity. | irradiation with long wavelength uv light in the presence of 4'-substituted psoralens abolished the in fectivity of reovirus and reovirus subviral particles photoreaction of intact virions, cores, or genome rna resulted in the formation of psoralen monoadducts and cross-links, demonstrating that the viral genome rna in situ is double-stranded. virus-associated rna polymerase activity was lost following psoralen photoreaction, consistent with dependence on the genome rna as template for viral mrn ... | 1979 | 468803 |
| reovirus serotypes 1 and 3 differ in their in vitro association with microtubules. | utilizing negative-stain electron microscopy in which similar concentrations of reovirus types 1 and 3 are incubated with a carbon support film containing chick brain, rabbit brain, or hela cell microtubules, 81% of the type 1 and 56% of type 3 exhibited an association with the apparent "edge" of the microtubule. this implies that there is a high level of specific affinity for type 1 but not for type 3 to microtubules, since it has previously been determined that only 50% of randomly associated ... | 1979 | 480468 |
| mutagenic specificity in reovirus. | mutagenic specificity in response to chemical mutagens has been observed with certain temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus type 3. one mutant induced by nitrous acid reverted specifically with nitrous acid. three nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants reverted after nitrous acid treatment. these findings thus suggest that analysis of chemical induction of reversion from the temperature-sensitive phenotype may be a useful approach for studying the nature of mutation in animal viruses. | 1979 | 480471 |
| polymorphism of the migration of double-stranded rna genome segments of reovirus isolates from humans, cattle, and mice. | a series of 94 isolates of reovirus from humans, cattle, and mice, showed extensive variability in the patterns of migration of the ten double-stranded rna genome segments. this variation was found in all three serotypes, and involved all ten genome segments, including the segment responsible for serological specificity. although a single pattern was present among several samples isolated from individuals and collected at a single time and place, there were often multiple genetic variants of a s ... | 1979 | 501793 |
| two modes of entry of reovirus particles into l cells. | evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that reovirus intermediate subviral particles (isvp), which show increased infectivity relative to intact virions, can gain entry into host l cells by two alternative pathways. one pathway is by the process of viropexis, involving phagocytic vacuoles. a second entry pathway is via direct penetration of the plasma membrane of the cell, without involvement of a phagocytic vacuole. using electron microscopy, a kinetic analysis of the uptake process wa ... | 1979 | 521802 |
| binding of adenovirus to microtubules. ii. depletion of high-molecular-weight microtubule-associated protein content reduces specificity of in vitro binding. | a specific in vitro association between adenovirus and pruified rat brain microtubules has been previously demonstrated (r. b. luftig and r. r. weihing, 1975). when examined by negative-staining electron microscopy, approximately 90% of the virus associated with microtubules was edge bound, i.e., associated within +/-4 nm of the microtubule edge. similar results are now found for the association of adenovirus with purified chick brain microtubules. when the content of the high-molecular-weight p ... | 1977 | 556783 |
| the sensitivity of some avian viruses to formaldehyde fumigation. | various avian viruses (infectious bursal agent, reovirus, adenovirus, infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease, poxvirus, avian encephalomyelitis and infectious laryngotracheitis virus) as suspensions in buffer or in a litter slurry were exposed to aerosolized formalin in an attempt to determine the efficacy of this fumigation method for decontamination of laboratory isolation cubicles. formalin (37% formaldehyde) was delivered by a commercial insecticide fogger at a flow rate of 40 ml per minut ... | 1979 | 574054 |
| dna and histone synthesis in reovirus-infected cells. | reovirus infection inhibits the incorporation of 3h-thymidine into cellular dna. we have now investigated several aspects of this inhibition in l-929 cells early (8 h) after infection at high multiplicity (200 to 250 p.f.u./cell). using equilibrium sedimentation analysis of dna sequentially labelled with density and radioactive analogues of thymidine, we find a 52% reduction in the amount of dna synthesized with no change in rate of replication fork movement in infected cells. gel electrophoresi ... | 1978 | 660162 |
| a genetic map of reovirus. iii. assignment of the double-stranded rna-positive mutant groups a, b, and g to genome segments. | | 1978 | 664215 |
| virus accumulation by the rock oyster crassostrea glomerata. | the accumulation of virus by the new zealand rock oyster crassostrea glomerata has been studied in a static seawater system using radioactively labeled reovirus type iii and semliki forest virus. the uptake of virus was found to be less rapid than for the bacterium escherichia coli and to be unaffected by the presence of the marine alga dunaliella primolecta in the seawater. accumulation was dependent on virus concentration, with saturation achieved at 4 x 10(10) reovirus particles per oyster, i ... | 1978 | 677868 |
| in vitro methylation of adenosine residues in reovirus rna. | | 1978 | 695325 |
| the nature of the polypeptide encoded by each of the 10 double-stranded rna segments of reovirus type 3. | | 1978 | 716218 |
| the mechanism of interferon induction by uv-irradiated reovirus. | | 1978 | 741657 |
| the reovirus replicative cycle. | soon after entry into their host cells ssrna viruses form doule-stranded replicative intermediates. most rna viruses exist only transiently in this double-stranded form. double-strand formation occurs irrespective of whether the genome is of the same or complementary polarity to viral mrna. in contrast, reoviruses contain dsrnas from the outset. single, and not double, strands are the intracellular intermediates through which genetic information is transferred from parental to progeny reoviruses ... | 1976 | 786154 |
| a provisional classification of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses based on the sizes of the rna genome segments. | the rna genome segments of thirty-three isolates of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (cpvs) were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. major differences were observed in the gel profiles of the rna segments from many of the viruses; differences which were reinforced by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the virus structural proteins. as a result of these studies, a provisional classification scheme for cpvs is proposed, where viruses with similar rna gel profiles are included within ... | 1976 | 789818 |
| characteristics of the genome of human infantile enteritis virus (rotavirus). | thermal denaturation studies and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis have shown that the genome of human infantile enteritis virus (human rotavirus) consists of approximately 11 double-stranded segments. differences in the molecular weights of some of the corresponding genome segments are apparent between different isolates of the virus. | 1976 | 820876 |
| suppression of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of a mutant of reovirus type 3. | a revertant of a reovirus group a temperature-sensitive mutant was crossed with wild type. more than 50 percent of the progeny were temperature sensitive. in all of the temperature-sensitive progeny examined by recombination tests, the temperature-sensitive lesion was in group a. the results indicate that the revertant was phenotypically suppressed. | 1977 | 831284 |
| the fine structure of the capsid of reovirus type 3. | | 1977 | 835222 |
| biosynthesis of reovirus-specified polypeptides. effect of methylation on the efficiency of reovirus genome expression in vitro. | | 1977 | 841860 |
| control of protein synthesis by a temperature-sensitive mutant of reovirus 3. i. temperature-sensitive function of ts261-b mutant. | the ability of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of reovirus, ts261-b, to synthesize virus-specific rnas and proteins during infection at the nonpermissive temperature (37 degrees c) was investigated. the relative amounts of the mutant virus-specific single-stranded (ss) rna's and double-stranded (ds) rna's synthesized in cells at 37 degrees c were 20 to 25% as much as those synthesized in the wild-type virus-infected cells. the 10 segments of the mutant ds rnas and the three size classes of t ... | 1977 | 857057 |
| 5' terminal noncoding sequence heterogeneity in reovirus mrna. | the nucleotide sequences of the mrnas of reovirus appear to diverge near the 5' termini. ribonuclease t1 digestion of methylated mrna synthesized in vitro yielded seven different 5' terminal fragments of the form m7g5'pp5' gmpcpup(np)ngp. chain length analysis showed that the parameter "n" in this structural formula assumes the values 3, 4 and 5. | 1977 | 866175 |
| genome rnas and polypeptides of reovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3. | the virus-specific double-stranded genome rna and polypeptides present in virions and cells infected with the three mammalian reovirus serotypes have been examined by co-electrophoresis in several different polyacrylamide gel systems. the double-stranded rna and polypeptide species previously described for type 3 dearing were found to have corresponding species in the other serotypes examined. in each serotype several rna and polypeptide species were found to have different electrophoretic mobil ... | 1977 | 875135 |
| reovirus-specific enzyme(s) associated with subviral particles responds in vitro to polyribocytidylate to yield double-stranded polyribocytidylate-polyriboguanylate. | in reovirus-infected cells, virus-specific particles accumulate that have associated with them a polyribocytidylate [poly(c)]-dependent polymerase. this enzyme copies in vitro poly(c) to yield the double-stranded poly(c).polyriboguanylate [poly(g)]. the particles with poly(c)-dependent polymerase were heterogeneous in size, with most sedimenting from 300s to 550s. exponential increase in these particles began at 23 h, and maximal amounts were present by 31 h, the time of onset of exponential gro ... | 1977 | 886647 |
| persistent infections in l cells with temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus. | serial passage of reovirus temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant c(447) produced by passage 9 (p9) a heavily defective population of virus from which the double-stranded rna genomic segments l(1), l(3), and m(1) were largely missing. viral cores obtained from this p9 population were heterogeneous with respect to buoyant density in cscl gradients, suggesting that particles were present with different combinations of deleted segments. similar observations were made with the e(320) ts mutant of reoviru ... | 1977 | 886650 |
| methylation of reovirus oligonucleotides in vivo and in vitro. | | 1977 | 888347 |
| reovirus mrna: transcription and translation. | | 1976 | 947543 |
| evidence for a glycoprotein in reovirus. | | 1976 | 948864 |
| reovirus-specific polypeptides: analysis using discontinuous gel electrophoresis. | the electrophoretic analysis of reovirus-specific polypeptides in infected cells using a discontinuous gel system has allowed the resolution of additional viral-specific polypeptides, including one large-sized gamma3 and two (or possibly three) medium-sized (mu3, mu4, mu5(?)) species. the proteins designated mu0, sigma1, and sigma2 based on electrophoretic mobility in gel systems containing phosphate-urea correspond to mu4, sigma2, and sigma1, respectively, when analyzed in systems containing tr ... | 1976 | 950684 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus type 3: evidence for aberrant mu 1 and mu 2 polypeptide species. | an analysis of reovirus-specific polypeptides in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants under permissive and nonpermissive conditions revealed the presence of (i) all the known viral polypeptides and (ii) aberrant migration of the mu 1 and mu 2 polypeptides in four groups of mutants. | 1976 | 950685 |
| the synthesis of a-rich rna by temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus. | | 1976 | 960558 |
| reovirus morphogenesis: characterization of subviral particles in infected cells. | | 1976 | 960572 |
| isolation of adenoviruses and reoviruses from avian species other than domestic fowl. | adenoviruses and reoviruses were isolated from pigeons and mallard ducks. in addition, adenoviruses were isolated from budgerigars and a bantam and a reovirus was isolated from a turkey. primary identification of these viruses was by electron-microscope examination. it was further possible to assign the 4 adenoviruses to recognized fowl serotypes, and the reoviruses shared a common antigen with fowl reoviruses. these viruses were isolated from a variety of clinical conditions. | 1976 | 962759 |
| use of an aberrant polypeptide as a marker in three-factor crosses: further evidence for independent reassortment as the mechanism of recombination between temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus type 3. | | 1976 | 982831 |
| biosynthesis of reovirus-specified polypeptides. initiation of reovirus messenger rna translation in vitro and identification of methionyl-x initiation peptides. | | 1976 | 982834 |
| mechanism of interferon action. studies on the mechanism of interferon-mediated inhibition of reovirus messenger rna translation in cell-free protein synthesis systems from mouse ascites tumor cells. | | 1976 | 982845 |
| physical and chemical characterization of an avian reovirus. | the avian viral agent s1133 has previously been classified serologically as a member of the avian reovirus group. this viral agent grows in chicken embryo fibroblast cells, bands at a density of 1.37 g/ml in cscl equilibrium density gradients, has a particle diameter of 75 nm, and has a morphology similar to that of human reovirus type 3. its nucleic acid is comprised of double-stranded rna and adenosine-rich oligonucleotides. the dsrna is distributed among 10 segments with molecular weights of ... | 1976 | 987252 |
| nonpermissive infection of l cells by an avian reovirus: restricted transcription of the viral genome. | avian reovirus multiples in chicken embryo fibroblasts. although the avian virus adsorbs to l cells and is uncoated therein, it does not multiply. in the nonpermissive infection of l cells with the avian reovirus only four of the genomic segments of the viral genome are transcribed, l1, m3, s3, and s4, and these are the same segments that have been designated previously as early functions in the permissive infection of l cells with type 3 reovirus. when l cells are co-infected with avian reoviru ... | 1976 | 987253 |
| acute murine adrenalitis induced by reovirus 3. an ultrastructural study. | reovirus 3 infection of neonatal mice, although characterized primarily by encephalitis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis, also induces an adrenalitis. histologically, the latter is characterized initially by foci of coagulative necrosis which later enlarge and become surrounded by leukocytic infiltration. ultrastructurally, the virus was shown to replicate in the paranuclear region of mainly adrenocortical cells but also medullary and endothelial cells. apoptosis is the most common form of necrosis ... | 1976 | 998733 |
| involvement of the microtubule in replication cycles of animal viruses. | | 1975 | 1056754 |
| genome-sized rna from reovirus particles. | spider-like forms of purified reovirus rna have been characterized by electron microscopy. these structures contained 11.3 +/- 0.8 mum of double-stranded rna and up to 20 arms, each of distinct length. length measurements of 64 "spiders" suggest that in these structures the viral genome is folded fairly specifically. | 1975 | 1060110 |
| avian reoviruses in new zealand. | | 1976 | 1070617 |
| synthesis of reovirus-specific polypeptides in cells pretreated with cycloheximide. | when l cells are infected with reovirus in the presence of cycloheximide neither virus-specific polypeptides nor viral double-stranded rna are synthesized. there is some synthesis of viral single-stranded rna, transcribed mainly from segments l1, m3, s3, and s4 of the 10 viral genomic segments, and in previous work this has been termed the early mrna pattern. in an attempt to determine whether these early transcripts are functional mrna's, the transcripts were allowed to accumulate for a period ... | 1975 | 1080523 |