| enhanced isolation of mycoplasma pneumoniae from throat washings with a newly-modified culture medium. | two hundred throat washings, previously screened and presumed negative for mycoplasma pneumoniae in conventional mycoplasma culture media, were retested for the organism in a modified medium (ps-4) initially developed for cultivation of a tick-derived mycoplasma (spiroplasma). the organism was rapidly identified with an agar plate immunofluorescence procedure. m. pneumoniae was isolated from 69 (34.5%) of the 200 "negative" specimens cultured on a diphasic sp-4 medium, in contrast to 10 isolatio ... | 1979 | 374649 |
| in vitro activities of some synthetic substance p analogs. | substance p (sp) and several analogs and fragments have been synthesized and evaluated on non-stimulated and stimulated guinea-pig ileum. in the former test system the potency order was as follows: sp(4--11) greater than sp = [tyr7]-sp = [eth11]-sp = [nle11]-sp greater than [dala9]-sp greater than sp(7--1) = [tyr7]-sp(7--11) greater than [eth11]-sp(7--11) greater than [dala9]-sp(7--11) greater than [nle11]-sp(7--11) greater than sp(1--7). the spasmogenic activity of sp and analogs was preserved ... | 1979 | 508003 |
| [logarithmic attachment to a monochromator for recording small changes in absorption]. | the paper describes a device consisting of a spectrophotometer (sp-4, sp-4a, sp-16), logarithmic amplifier, recording instrument and a flow-type cuvette that allows quantitative registration of biological substances during their separation on chromatographic columns. | 1978 | 662834 |
| studies on a measles virus variant inducing persistent infections in cultured cells.i. isolation and characterization of plaque purified virus clones. | attempts were made to characterized by a plaque assay two variants of the edmonston strain of measles virus and to obtain plaque purified virus populations. the up non-cytocidal variant, in all the examined cell systems, mainly produced small but also large plaques; the dp cytocidal variant always large plaques. three clones, up-sp4, up-lp4 and dp-lp4, were derived by plaque purfication respectively of the up small plaque, up large plaque and dp large plaque forming particles. the virus populati ... | 1976 | 826238 |
| preliminary studies on the characterization and distribution of staphylococcus and micrococcus species on animal skin. | a total of 221 strains of staphylococci and 98 strains of micrococci isolated from the skins of eastern gray squirrels, southern flying squirrels, raccoons, opossums, squirrel monkeys, swine, sheep, horses, cattle, and dogs were characterized in a preliminary attempt to resolve their natural relationships and distribution in nature. staphylococci demonstrating the widest host range included staphylococcus xylosus and unnamed staphylococcus sp. 3. unnamed staphylococcus sp. 2 was isolated only fr ... | 1976 | 942208 |
| observations on the involvement of wildlife in an epornitic of chlamydiosis in domestic turkeys. | in an investigation of potential wildlife reservoirs of chlamydia psittaci at the site of an acute, highly fatal epornitic of chlamydiosis in domestic turkeys in texas, various species of wild birds and rodents were captured and tested for chlamydial serum antibodies and chlamydiae in their tissues. thirteen (65%) of 20 blackbirds (agelaius sp), 4 (44%) of 9 killdeer (oxyechus vociferus), 3 (27%) of 11 sparrows (passer sp) and 1 of 4 mourning doves (zenaidura macroura) were seropositive, but chl ... | 1976 | 988009 |
| activation of an epithelial neurokinin nk-1 receptor induces relaxation of rat trachea through release of prostaglandin e2. | we studied the type of neurokinin (nk) receptor involved in the epithelium-dependent substance p (sp)-induced relaxation of rat trachea precontracted with serotonin (5-ht). we first compared the relaxant effects of different agonists to the three nk receptors on rat trachea in the presence (e+) and absence (e-) of the epithelium. the three agonists to the nk-1 receptor, sp, sp-o-methylester and [beta ala4, sar9, met(o2)] sp(4-11), at a concentration of 1 microm induced a relaxation of 40 +/- 5, ... | 1992 | 1279160 |
| an immunohistochemical study of the telencephalon of the senegal bichir (polypterus senegalus). | the telencephalon in ray-finned fish (actinopterygians) is everted, in contrast to the evaginated telencephalic hemispheres in all other vertebrates. in the more derived ray-finned fish, the teleosts, proliferation of neurons and their migration from the ependymal zone of the pallium renders comparisons between telencephalic cell groups of the teleosts and members of other vertebrate groups extremely difficult. the telencephalon of polypterus (a primitive living ray-finned fish), although everte ... | 1992 | 1351063 |
| substance p enhances il-2 expression in activated human t cells. | jurkat and hut 78 t cell lines, as well as peripheral blood human t cells activated with pha plus pma were used to investigate the capacity of substance p (sp) neuropeptide to regulate il-2 production. by using northern blot analysis and dosage of the il-2 release in cell supernatants, we show that sp can act as cosignal with pha + pma to enhance the expression of specific il-2 mrna and il-2 secretion in t cells. by using the n-terminal sp(1-4) or the c-terminal sp(4-11) fragments of the entire ... | 1992 | 1375246 |
| microvascular leakage induced by substance p in rat urinary bladder: involvement of cyclo-oxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. | 1. intravenous administration of substance p (sp) or of the nk1 selective agonist [beta-ala4, sar9, met (o2)11] sp-(4-11) increased vascular permeability in the urinary bladder of urethane-anaesthetized rats, providing evidence for an nk1 receptor-mediated inflammatory response. 2. bw 755c, a dual inhibitor of arachidonate cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase, significantly reduced the plasma extravasation induced by sp, but did not modify the effect of [beta-ala4, sar9, met (o2)11] sp-(4-11). 3. sp ... | 1992 | 1380964 |
| postoperative wound infections following myocutaneous flap surgery in spinal injury patients. | severe pressure ulcers in patients with spinal cord injury are frequently treated by using musculocutaneous (m-c) flap surgery. there have been few studies of the use of perioperative antibiotics to prevent postoperative infection in this setting. we reviewed 74 m-c flap surgeries in 53 patients (41 male and 12 female) from october 1989 for one year. the sites involved were ischial (31), sacral (24), trochanteric (18), deltoid (2), olecranon (1) and posterior thigh (1). an antibiotic was usually ... | 1992 | 1448302 |
| neurovirulence of six different murine coronavirus jhmv variants for rats. | six variant viruses of the jhmv strain of murine coronavirus with large (cl-2, cnsv, dl and ds) or small (sp-4 and jhm-x) s proteins were compared in terms of their relative neurovirulence in weanling lewis rats. inoculation of various doses of the variants revealed that the cl-2 and cnsv were highly virulent and dl and ds were low-virulent, while sp-4 and jhm-x were avirulent. pathological examination of rats infected with variants cl-2, dl and sp-4 showed that the cl-2 and dl induced severe an ... | 1991 | 1656623 |
| effect of synthetic tachykinin analogues on airway microvascular leakage in rats and guinea-pigs: evidence for the involvement of nk-1 receptors. | 1. the nk-1 selective agonists [beta-ala4, sar9]sp-(4-11) sulphone and [pglu6, pro9]sp-(6-11) dose-dependently increased vascular permeability in various segments of rat and guinea-pig tracheo-bronchial region, while the nk-2 ([nle10]nka-(4-10) and [beta-ala8]nka-(4-10)) or nk-3 ([mephe7]nkb and [mephe7]nkb-(4-10)) selective agonists were inactive. these findings provide evidence that the inflammatory response of the airway to intravenous tachykinins is exclusively mediated by the nk-1 receptor ... | 1991 | 1682326 |
| substance p induces the expression of an endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule by microvascular endothelium. | leukocyte trafficking in normal and diseased skin appears to be initially governed by endothelial surface glycoproteins that promote adhesive interactions with circulating leukocytes. in a separate study, we have demonstrated that one of these glycoproteins, endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (elam-1), is rapidly induced on postcapillary dermal venules as a direct consequence of experimentally-elicited degranulation of adjacent mast cells (proc natl acad sci usa 86:8972-8976, 1989). a pri ... | 1990 | 1690249 |
| nk1-receptors mediate the proliferative response of human fibroblasts to tachykinins. | 1. the effect of synthetic tachykinin selective receptor agonists was studied on the growth of cultured human skin fibroblasts (hf). 2. human fibroblasts were grown in serum-free conditions in the presence of natural tachykinins (substance p and neurokinin a) and of three synthetic agonists, [beta-ala4, sar9, met(o2)11]-sp(4-11), [beta-ala8]-nka(4-10) and [mephe7]-nkb selective for nk1-, nk2- and nk3-receptors respectively. cell proliferation was measured by percentage increase in cell number an ... | 1990 | 1695530 |
| the neuropeptide substance p stimulates the effector functions of platelets. | sensory neuropeptides, such as substance p, appear as potent mediators of various immunological reactions, and inhibit or stimulate a wide range of functions of immune inflammatory cells. platelets were recently shown to participate as effector cells in an ige or lymphokine-dependent killing of parasites. substance p and its carboxy-terminal fragment sp (4-11) induce the cytotoxic activity of platelets towards the larvae of schistosoma mansoni, respectively, by 90% and 40%, whereas the modified ... | 1990 | 1696868 |
| studies on the vascular permeability induced by intrathecal substance p and bradykinin in the rat. | the effects of substance p (sp), sp fragments, neurokinin a (nka), neurokinin b (nkb) and selective agonists for neurokinin receptors were assessed on cutaneous vascular permeability after intrathecal (i.t.) administration in rats. dose-dependent increases in plasma extravasation were observed with the following rank orders of potency ([p-glu6]sp-(6-11) greater than sp greater than or equal to sp-(4-11) greater than [p-glu5,mephe8,sar9]sp-(5-11) = [p-glu5]sp-(5-11) greater than sp-(7-11) and sp ... | 1990 | 1698644 |
| characterization of eosinophil cell activation by peptides. differential effects of substance p, melittin, and fmet-leu-phe. | the ability of three different peptides, substance p (sp), fmlp and melittin, to activate eosinophils purified from the peritoneal cavity of human serum-treated guinea pigs was investigated. degranulation (eosinophil peroxidase, epo), oxidative burst (o2-), [ca2+]i mobilization, and arachidonic acid metabolism (thromboxane b2, txb2) were used as indices of eosinophil activation. sp (100 nm to 100 microm), fmlp (1 to 100 microm) and melittin (10 nm to 100 microm) induced epo release but only fmlp ... | 1990 | 1698858 |
| substance p stimulates neovascularization in vivo and proliferation of cultured endothelial cells. | we have investigated the possible effect of substance p (sp), a main mediator of neurogenic inflammation, on the growth of capillary vessels in vivo, and on the proliferation of cultured endothelial cells in vitro. slow release preparations of sp were implanted into the avascular cornea of new zealand white rabbits and vessel growth was monitored daily through a slit lamp stereomicroscope. sp (1-5 micrograms/pellet) induced a marked neovascularization. a selective nk-1 receptor agonist [beta-ala ... | 1990 | 1701206 |
| release of substance p from guinea pig trachea leukotriene d4. | coordinated studies of leukotriene d4 (ltd4)-mediated contractile responses and ltd4-evoked release of the tachykinin substance p (sp) in both intact and epithelium abraded guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle preparations were performed. a partial contribution by axon reflex mechanisms to the magnitude of ltd4-induced tracheal contractions was suggested by a maximum inhibition of 21% and 28% by 5 x 10(-6) m tetrodotoxin (ttx) in abraded and intact preparations, respectively. sp-induced contraction ... | 1990 | 1706991 |
| neurokinin and nmda antagonists (but not a kainic acid antagonist) are antinociceptive in the mouse formalin model. | while much evidence implicates substance p (sp), an endogenous neurokinin (nk), as a primary sensory transmitter of acute pain in mammalian spinal cord, its role in continuous (tonic) pain is less clear. although glutamate is co-localized with sp in dorsal root ganglion neurons, its role in nociceptive processing is uncertain. while antagonists of nks and excitatory amino acids (eaas) have been found to be antinociceptive in some acute assays, they have not been tested against tonic pain. we hyp ... | 1991 | 1711193 |
| contrasting effects of tachykinins and guanethidine on the acetylcholine output stimulated by nicotine from guinea-pig bladder [corrected]. | 1. contractile responses and acetylcholine release evoked by nicotine in guinea-pig detrusor strips were determined by isotonic transducer and radioimmunoassay, respectively. nicotine stimulated acetylcholine release and a contractile response in guinea-pig detrusor strips treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor, methanesulphonyl fluoride (msf). both actions evoked by nicotine were antagonized by the nicotinic receptor antagonist, hexamethonium but were insensitive to tetrodotoxin. 2. a sympat ... | 1991 | 1715227 |
| specific neurokinin receptors mediate plasma extravasation in the rat knee joint. | 1 plasma extravasation in the rat knee joint was induced by intra-articular injection of neurokinins and specific neurokinin receptor agonists. 2 pronounced plasma extravasation was produced by substance p (sp, 4-185 microm) and to a lesser extent by neurokinin-b (nkb, 83-413 microm), whereas neurokinin-a (nka, 88-440 microm) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp, 26-130 microm) had no significant effect. 3 the specific neurokinin1 receptor agonist [sar9, met(o2)11]-substance p (nk1 agonist) ... | 1991 | 1715229 |
| modulation of gastric contractions in response to tachykinins and bethanechol by extrinsic nerves. | 1. extrinsic reflexes elicited by changes in gastric wall tension play an important role in regulating gastric tone. the present study investigated whether such reflexes modulate gastric contractions induced by close arterially administered neurokinin a (nka), substance p (sp), sp-methylester and bethancehol in anaesthetized rats. 2. reflex pathways were acutely interrupted by either subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or prevertebral ganglionectomy. c-fibre afferent nerve activity was abolished by pretre ... | 1991 | 1717093 |
| identification of a plant-derived mollicute as a strain of an avian pathogen, mycoplasma iowae, and its implications for mollicute taxonomy. | strain ppav, a filamentous but nonhelical mollicute, was isolated from aborted apple seeds in france in late 1979. this organism grew well in sp-4 broth, fermented glucose, and required sterol for growth, and most of its properties suggested that it belonged to the genus mycoplasma. however, it was serologically distinct; in addition, unlike other mycoplasma species, genome measurements consistently yielded values of about 1,000 mda (ca. 1,500 kbp), and the organism had a growth temperature opti ... | 1991 | 1720652 |
| species differences between [3h] substance p binding in rat and guinea-pig shown by the use of peptide agonists and antagonists. | the affinities of various substance p agonists and antagonists for nk1 receptors in rat and guinea-pig tissues were compared. striking species differences were observed. both septide and [d-pro4,d-trp7,9]sp-(4-11) possessed much higher affinity for sites in the guinea-pig (brain and ileum) than for sites in the rat brain. these results could be explained by differences in the structure of the nk1 receptor according to the species, although the existence of various subtypes of nk1 binding sites i ... | 1991 | 1724651 |
| [the mycoplasmas isolated from respiratory specimens]. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is the species that is considered pathogen for respiratory tract. other species, m. hominis and u. urealyticum, have been isolated from respiratory specimens and its aetiological relation with respiratory infections is not clear. | 1991 | 1753814 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, and ureaplasma urealyticum to sparfloxacin and pd 127391. | the in vitro activities of two investigational quinolones, sparfloxacin (previously designated at 4140) and pd 127391, were determined for 30 strains each of mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, and ureaplasma urealyticum and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin. erythromycin was the most active compound against m. pneumoniae (maximum mic, less than 0.008 microgram/ml). pd 127391 (mics, less than 0.008 to 0.031 microgram/ml), sparfloxacin (mics, ... | 1991 | 1929260 |
| preclinical antitumor activity of ci-973,[sp-4-3-(r)]-[1,1- cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)](2 methyl-1,4-butane-diamine-n,n')platinum. | the antitumor activity of [sp-4-3-(r)]-[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato-(2-)](2 methyl-1,4-butanediamine-n,n')platinum (ci-973) was characterized in a number of preclinical model systems. ci-973 retained substantial activity in cisplatin resistant murine leukemia cell lines, in vitro and in vivo; in l1210 leukemia resistant to cisplatin in vivo, ci-973 retained as much activity as was found in animals bearing sensitive l1210 leukemia. when compared in five solid murine tumors in vivo, both ci-973 a ... | 1991 | 2026477 |
| voluntary blood pressure control by biofeedback: relationship to psychological characteristics. | 1. psychological characteristics were studied in 25 hypertensives (mean and standard deviation of blood pressure 150/95 +/- 12/5 mmhg), who received blood pressure (bp) biofeedback (bfb). personality factors and success in bfb-bp modifying ability were correlated and the predictive value of psychological factors was estimated. 2. questionnaires consisted of a locus of control of behaviour (lcb) scale, the spielberger state trait anxiety inventory and the framingham type a personality inventory. ... | 1991 | 2032392 |
| [identification and classification of 204 strains of gram negative organisms isolated from poultry eggs]. | results of identification and classification of 204 strains of gram negative bacteria isolated from poultry eggs are reported. among 106 strains of glucose nonfermenting bacteria 105 (99%) strains could be further identified as: pseudomonas (87 strains), including p. fluorescens (63), p. putida (9), p. maltophilia (12), p. putrefaciens (2), and p. stutzeri (1); 2 strains of alcaligenes, both identified as a. denitrificans; 7 strains of flavobacterium, including f. multovorum (3) and flavobacteri ... | 1990 | 2124534 |
| biphasic effects of endothelin in the guinea-pig ileum. | the intestinal effects of porcine endothelin (et-1), a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor, were studied on the guinea-pig isolated ileum. et-1 (3 x 10(-10)-3 x 10(-7) m) caused biphasic responses on spontaneous smooth muscle tone, an initial relaxation followed by a late contraction. the contractile response was elicited in a concentration-dependent manner. both the relaxing and contractile phases were not affected by pretreatment with tetrodotoxin, phentolamine, tolazoline, propranolol, ... | 1990 | 2155797 |
| potent bombesin receptor antagonists distinguish receptor subtypes. | to determine whether newly described bombesin (bn) receptor antagonists distinguish subtypes of bn receptors, we investigated their abilities to interact with bn receptors on esophageal muscle or pancreatic acinar tissue. for inhibition of binding of 125i-[tyr4]bn to rat pancreatic tissue, the relative potencies were [d-phe6]bn-(6-13)ethyl ester (5 nm) greater than ac-gastrin-releasing peptide (grp)-(20-26)ethyl ester (17 nm) greater than [d-phe6,cpa,14, psi 13-14]bn-(6-14) (40 nm) greater than ... | 1990 | 2169207 |
| characterization of a promoter and a transcription terminator of spiroplasma melliferum virus spv4. | spiroplasma virus 4 (spv4) is an isometric virus with single-stranded, circular dna infecting the helical mollicute spiroplasma melliferum, a honeybee pathogen. previous studies in our laboratory led to the determination of the base sequence of the spv4 dna. nine open reading frames and three promoterlike sequences (p1, p2, and p3) were identified. an inverted repeat leading to the formation of a hairpin structure on the transcription product was also found and predicted to be a transcription te ... | 1990 | 2211498 |
| mycoplasma melaleucae sp. nov., a sterol-requiring mollicute from flowers of several tropical plants. | three sterol-requiring mollicutes from floral surfaces of two tropical plant species (melaleuca quinquenervia and melaleuca decora) and a single isolate from a flower of the silk oak (grevillea robusta) were serologically indistinguishable. strain m1t (t = type strain), isolated from melaleuca quinquenervia, was chosen for characterization. light and electron microscopic observations of strain m1t revealed nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic coccoid cells surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membra ... | 1990 | 2223607 |
| mycoplasma somnilux sp. nov., mycoplasma luminosum sp. nov., and mycoplasma lucivorax sp. nov., new sterol-requiring mollicutes from firefly beetles (coleoptera: lampyridae). | strain pyan-1t (t = type strain), which was isolated from a pupal gut of the firefly beetle pyractonema angulata, and strains pimn-1t and pipn-2t, which were isolated from guts of adult photinus marginalis and photinus pyralis fireflies, respectively, were demonstrated to be sterol-requiring mollicutes. cells of the three strains were shown by electron and dark-field microscopy to be small, pleomorphic, nonhelical, nonmotile bodies surrounded by single membranes. no evidence of a cell wall was o ... | 1990 | 2223610 |
| [bacterial flora of the oral cavity, fangs and venom of bothrops jararaca: possible source of infection at the site of bite]. | culture of fang, fang sheath and venom of fifteen healthy freshly captured bothrops jararaca were analyzed. the bacteria most frequently encountered were group d streptococci (12 snakes), enterobacter sp. (6), providencia rettgeri (6), providencia sp. (4), escherichia coli (4), morganella morganii (3) and clostridium sp. (5). the bacteria observed are similar to those found in the abscesses from bothrops bitten patients. since these snake mouth bacteria may be inoculated during the snake bite, b ... | 1990 | 2259834 |
| the incidence of viral-associated diarrhea after admission to a pediatric hospital. | for determination of the incidence of viral-associated diarrhea after admission to a pediatric hospital, all patients admitted to general pediatrics, cardiology, and neurosurgery wards without diarrhea between january 1 and july 31, 1985 were followed 5 days per week for presence of diarrhea, etiologic agent, and possible risk factors. a total of 1,530 patients were followed for 3,642 days. of these patients, 69 developed 80 nosocomial diarrhea episodes after 72 hours in hospital for a nosocomia ... | 1990 | 2316499 |
| characterization of spinal actions of four substance p analogues. | four substance p (sp) analogues were tested on reaction time (rt) in the tail flick test and on the decrease in rt produced by the sp homologue physalaemin. the four analogues were [d-trp7,9,10]sp, denoted a, [d-pro4,d-trp7,9,nle11]sp-(4-11), denoted b, [d-pro2,d-trp7,9,10]sp, denoted c and [d-pro4,d-trp7,9,10,phe11]sp-(4-11), denoted d. physalaemin alone (1.89 nmol) reduced rt. the analogue a, at 3.25 nmol, blocked the effects of physalaemin without altering basal rt. the analogues b and d, whi ... | 1985 | 2408908 |
| activities and antagonism of bombesin on urinary smooth muscles. | substance p (sp), bombesin (bb) and bradykinin (bk) induce dose-dependent contractions of the rat and guinea-pig urinary bladders (rub, gpub). the three peptides differ in their affinities and intrinsic activities, bb being the most active both in terms of affinity (pd2 8.33 in the rub and 8.83 in the gpub), sp (8.03 and 7.53), bk (7.20 and 7.35), and of intrinsic activity. the myotropic effects of bb and sp are not modified by antagonists of neurotransmitters and autacoids that occur in periphe ... | 1985 | 2410284 |
| both substance p agonists and antagonists inhibit ion conductance through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on pc12 cells. | substance p stimulates substance p receptors but also inhibits ion conductance through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. substance p analogs, classified as agonists or antagonists based on their actions on smooth muscle, were tested to determine if they also could act at nicotinic receptors on the pheochromocytoma, pc12. all of the analogs tested, [d-pro2, d-trp7,9]sp, [d-arg1, d-pro2, d-trp7,9, leu11]sp, [pglu5, mephe8, sar9]sp-(5-11), and [d-pro4, d-trp7,9,10]sp-(4-11), inhibited agonist-indu ... | 1985 | 2412850 |
| tachykinin antagonists: substitutions in positions 5 and 6 with amino acids from the primary sequence of substance p homologues. | a series of tachykinin antagonists has been synthetized by substituting the amino acids of eight naturally occurring tachykinins into the general antagonist [pro4, trp7,9, phe 11]tachykinin-(4-11). five decapeptide antagonists were also synthetized. these antagonists were tested on four smooth muscle preparations, the rabbit mesenteric vein, the guinea-pig ileum, the guinea-pig trachea and the rat urinary bladder. on all tissues, except the rat urinary bladder, antagonists that had amino acids o ... | 1985 | 2412854 |
| peptides and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | various vasoactive peptides were compared for their histamine releasing effects on rat mast cells. neurotensin, substance p (sp), and kallidin were the most active natural peptides, followed by bradykinin; neurokinin a and b, bombesin, angiotensin and tuftsin were practically inactive. several kinins and tachykinin-related peptides were tested in an attempt to characterize the receptors mediating histamine liberation. the order of potency of the kinins was the following: kallidin greater than [t ... | 1985 | 2417864 |
| tachykinin receptors in smooth muscles: a study with agonists (substance p, neurokinin a) and antagonists. | four preparations, sensitive to tachykinins, the guinea-pig urinary bladder, the rat duodenum, the hamster and dog urinary bladders have been investigated and compared with four other preparations described before: the guinea-pig ileum and trachea, the dog carotid artery and the rabbit mesenteric vein. on the basis of the order of potency of agonists, evaluated with substance p, physalaemin, eledoisin, kassinin and neurokinin a, the preparations can be separated into three groups, the guinea-pig ... | 1985 | 2417867 |
| a comparison of the effects of three substance p antagonists on tachykinin-stimulated [3h]-acetylcholine release in the guinea-pig ileum. | the potencies of three tachykinin antagonists [d-pro4,d-trp7,9,10]sp(4-11), [d-arg1,d-pro2,d-trp7,9,leu11]sp(1-11) and [d-arg1,d-trp7,9,leu11]sp(1-11) (spantide) against eledoisin were examined in the guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus, where a continuous superfusion system was employed to examine evoked release of [3h]-acetylcholine [( 3h]-ach]); effects on mechanical activity of the preparations were also measured. eledoisin was chosen as the standard tachykinin agonist since the rank order of ... | 1986 | 2420402 |
| an examination of the pharmacology of two substance p antagonists and the evidence for tachykinin receptor subtypes. | the potencies of two tachykinin antagonists [d-pro4,d-trp7,9,10]-sp(4-11) and [d-arg1,d-pro2, d-trp7,9,leu11]-sp(1-11) against four tachykinins were examined in a range of smooth muscle preparations, including guinea-pig ileum and bladder and rat colon muscularis mucosae and duodenum. parallel shifts in the log dose-response curves of all the tachykinins tested were observed in all tissues, except in the case of the guinea-pig bladder where [d-pro4, d-trp7,9,10]-sp(4-11) was without effect at co ... | 1986 | 2420403 |
| tachykinins: effects on motility and metabolism of rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes. | chemotactic and chemoluminescent activities of substance p, substance k, kassinin and the substance p fragments sp 4-11, sp 7-11, sp 1-4 have been investigated in order to identify the minimum active molecular structure responsible for rat polymorphonuclear activation. substance p, sp 4-11 and sp 7-11 stimulated directed locomotion (chemotaxis) and were found to be active also in the chemoluminescence assay while sp 1-4 had no effect. moreover, all peptides, except substance k and sp 1-4, inhibi ... | 1986 | 2432625 |
| antagonists of substance p. further modifications of substance p antagonists obtained by replacing either positions 7, 9 or 7, 8 and 11 of sp with d-amino acid residues. | antagonists of sp and the c-terminal (6-11)-hexapeptide have been obtained by multiple d-amino acid substitutions in various positions of sp and by protecting the n alpha-arg1 and n epsilon lys3 amino groups with benzyloxycarbonyl groups. on the guinea pig ileum a number of these antagonized both sp and the hexapeptide. except [n alpha-z-arg1,d-pro2,n epsilon-z-lys3,asn5,arg6,d-phe7,d-trp9]-sp-ome (4) and the corresponding amide 7, which were more potent antagonists of sp than the hexapeptide, a ... | 1986 | 2433443 |
| extravasation in the knee induced by antidromic stimulation of articular c fibre afferents of the anaesthetized cat. | electrical stimulation of the cut distal end of the posterior articular nerve (p.a.n.) of the cat knee joint resulted in significant extravasation of plasma proteins and erythrocytes into the synovial cavity of the knee. this effect was mediated by group iv afferents (c fibres) since stimulation of p.a.n. suprathreshold for group ii or iii afferents but subthreshold for group iv afferents did not produce extravasation. unmyelinated sympathetic efferent fibres in the joint nerve did not contribut ... | 1986 | 2435893 |
| effects of substance p analogues in the rat tail-flick test. | five substance p (sp) analogues which antagonize tachykinins on isolated organs were studied using the tail-flick test. none antagonized the nociceptive effect of 1.9 nmol of physalaemin when studied at the concentrations of 6.5 and 65.0 nmol. [d-alpha npa7,9,10]sp (65.0 nmol) produced a flaccid paralysis of the hindlimbs and the tail in 2 out of 9 rats; however, [d-pro4,lys6,d-trp7,9,10,phe11]sp-(4-11) (6.5 nmol) produced this type of paralysis in 4 out of 6 rats so treated. the [d-trp]sp analo ... | 1987 | 2436927 |
| cholecystokinin octapeptide, caerulein, substance p, neurotensin, and angiotensin ii: species-typical effects on the isolated portal vein of guinea pig and rat. | the isolated, spontaneously active portal vein of guinea pig was stimulated by the following compounds (the pd2 is given in parentheses): caerulein (cer, 8.02), cholecystokinin octapeptide (cck-8, 7.59), substance p (sp, 4.68), and carbachol (5.37), whereas neurotensin (nt) was ineffective and angiotensin ii (aii) produced inhibition. on the portal vein of the rat, cer and cck-8 were ineffective, whereas stimulation occurred with sp (5.72), nt (6.79), aii (7.89), and carbachol (5.50). tetrodotox ... | 1987 | 2437599 |
| spinal actions of substance p analogues on cardiovascular responses in the rat: a structure-activity analysis. | ten substance p (sp) analogues were tested for their effects on mean arterial pressure and heart rate following intrathecal administration in the pentobarbital anaesthetized rat. the 10 analogues are [d-pro4,d-alpha npa7,9,10]sp(4-11) (a-i), (d-alpha npa7,9,10]sp (a-ii), [d-trp7,9,10]sp (a-iii), [d-pro4,d-npa7,9,phe11]sp(4-11) (a-iv), [d-pro4,d-beta npa7,d-alpha npa9,d-phe11]sp(4-11) (a-v), [d-pro4,lys6,d-trp7,9,10,phe11]sp(4-11) (a-vi), [d-pro4,d-trp7,9,10,phe11]sp(4-11) (a-vii), [d-pro4,d-trp7 ... | 1987 | 2438022 |
| studies on the cardiovascular effects produced by the spinal action of two substance p analogues in the rat: evidence for a central catecholaminergic mechanism. | the effects of two substance p (sp) analogues, [d-trp7,9,10]sp (ana1) and [d-pro4,lys6,d-trp7,9,10,phe11]sp-(4-11) (ana2) on mean arterial pressure (map) and heart rate (hr) were measured following intrathecal administration at one of three spinal cord levels in rats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. following an initial increase, a profound and long-lasting fall in map and hr occurred when 6.5 nmol of either ana1 or ana2 was injected at t1-t3 or t8-t10. only transient changes in map and ... | 1987 | 2438149 |
| substance-p antagonists: effect on spontaneous and drug-induced locomotor activity in the rat. | the substance p (sp) antagonists (d-pro4, d-trp7,9, leu11) sp(4-11), (d-pro4, d-trp7,9, phe11)sp(4-11) and (d-pro4, d-trp7,9,10, leu11) sp (4-11) were infused into the lateral ventricles (i.c.v.) and their effects on spontaneous and drug-induced locomotor activity were investigated. the drug dimec7, the stable substance p agonist, was used to stimulate locomotor activity because of its prolonged action. only (d-pro4, d-trp7,9,10) sp (4-11) was found to attenuate the drug-induced increases in mot ... | 1987 | 2439936 |
| desensitization to substance p-induced vasodilation in vitro is not shared by endogenous tachykinin neurokinin a. | two mammalian tachykinins, substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka), were measured by radioimmunoassay in canine cephalic blood vessels and tested for their vasoactivity in vitro. levels of immunoreactive sp were approximately 2-3 times greater than those of immunoreactive nka in common carotid, basilar, and middle cerebral arteries. both endogenous tachykinins relaxed precontracted segments of common carotid and basilar arteries in a dose-dependent manner with an ec50 of 8.9 x 10(-11) m and 7 x ... | 1987 | 2441006 |
| involvement of substance p in the excitatory action of gabaa agonists on cholinergic neurons in the guinea-pig ileum. | the possible involvement of substance p (sp) in cholinergic contractions induced by gabaa agonists in the guinea-pig ileum was further investigated. responses evoked by 3-aminopropane sulphonic acid (3-aps) or muscimol consisted of a rapid phasic contraction followed in 70% of preparations by a tonic contraction, usually smaller in amplitude but considerably longer in duration. phasic and tonic components were sensitive to bicuculline, neurogenic (cholinergic) in nature and susceptible to desens ... | 1987 | 2442628 |
| evidence for neurokinin-3 receptor-mediated tachykinin release in the guinea-pig ileum. | contraction of longitudinal muscle strips of the guinea-pig ileum induced by the selective nk3 receptor agonist, succ-[asp6,mephe8]sp-(6-11) (senktide), were completely inhibited by tetrodotoxin and partially blocked by atropine. the atropine-resistant contraction was markedly reduced if the smooth muscle tachykinin receptors were either desensitized with the selective nk1 agonist substance p methyl ester, or blocked with the tachykinin receptor antagonist [d-pro4,d-trp7,9,10]sp-(4-11). these re ... | 1987 | 2450037 |
| characterization of ability of various substance p antagonists to inhibit action of bombesin. | in the present study the ability of two classes of substance p (sp) antagonists to affect sp- and bombesin (bn)-stimulated amylase release, as well as binding of 125i-bolton-hunter (bh)-sp and 125i-[tyr4]bn, was studied to determine their mechanism of action and the relationship between inhibition of the action of sp and the action of bn. four sp analogues ([d-pro2,d-phe7,d-trp9]sp, [d-pro2,d-trp7,9]sp, [d-arg1,d-pro2,d-trp7,9,leu11]sp, and [d-arg1,d-trp7,9,leu11]sp) and two sp-(4-11) analogues ... | 1988 | 2454035 |
| simultaneous release of substance p- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)-like immunoreactivity from isolated muscle of the guinea pig urinary bladder. | capsaicin (10 microm) induced a tetrodotoxin (ttx)-resistant release of substance p (sp)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)-like immunoreactivity (li) from muscle strips of the guinea pig isolated urinary bladder. a second application of capsaicin had no effect, indicating a specific effect on sensory nerves (desensitization). in functional experiments, capsaicin produced a phasic contraction of isolated bladder strips. this response was ttx-resistant, exhibited desensitization and was ... | 1988 | 2454426 |
| several neuropeptides determine the visceromotor response to capsaicin in the guinea-pig isolated ileal longitudinal muscle. | capsaicin (1 microm) produced, after an initial contraction, a depression of the field stimulation-induced contraction of the guinea-pig isolated ileal longitudinal muscle. both effects exhibited prompt desensitization, indicating the involvement of a specific action on sensory nerves. the initial contraction was inhibited by [d-pro4,d-trp7,9,phe11]sp-(4-11), a substance p (sp) antagonist, which did not affect the inhibitory component of the response. incubation of the strips with anticgrp (cgrp ... | 1988 | 2454831 |
| neurokinin3-receptors are linked to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in the guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation. | 1. tachykinin-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis was examined in slices of longitudinal muscle from guinea-pig ileum. 2. substance p, neurokinin a and neurokinin b induced a concentration-dependent accumulation of total [3h]-inositol phosphates in the presence of 12 mm lithium with similar maximal responses and ec50 values. 3. the selective nk1-receptor agonist, substance p methyl ester, and the selective nk3-receptor agonist succ-[asp6, mephe8]-sp(6-11) (senktide) also stimulated [3h]- ... | 1988 | 2456806 |
| in vitro effects of substance p on neonatal rat sympathetic preganglionic neurones. | 1. intracellular recordings were made from antidromically identified sympathetic preganglionic neurones (spns) in thin transverse neonatal rat thoracolumbar spinal cord slices. 2. applied either by pressure ejection or superfusion, substance p (sp) caused a slow, monophasic depolarization in 60% of sympathetic preganglionic neurones; a biphasic response consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization was observed in a few neurones. in addition, sp induced the occurrence o ... | 1988 | 2457090 |
| effect of neuropeptides on production of inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes. | two groups of mediators, the neuropeptides substance p and k and the monocyte-derived cytokines, interact in the neural regulation of immunological and inflammatory responses. substance p, substance k, and the carboxyl-terminal peptide sp(4-11) induce the release of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 from human blood monocytes. the neuropeptide effects occur at low doses, are specific as shown by inhibition studies with a substance p antagonist, and require de novo pro ... | 1988 | 2457950 |
| activation of human neutrophils by substance p. effect on oxidative metabolism, exocytosis, cytosolic ca2+ concentration and inositol phosphate formation. | the neuropeptide substance p (sp), which has been suggested to mediate neurogenic inflammation, induces in human neutrophils the activation of the respiratory burst measured as o2 consumption and h2o2 production, and a cytochalasin b-dependent secretion of specific and azurophilic granules. the sp(4-11) fragment is much more stimulant than the entire molecule, whereas the sp(1-4) fragment is inactive. the respiratory and secretory response to sp are associated with an activation of phosphoinosit ... | 1988 | 2459200 |
| comparison of the effects of epithelium removal and of an enkephalinase inhibitor on the neurokinin-induced contractions of guinea-pig isolated trachea. | 1. the influence of epithelium removal and/or thiorphan on the effects of neurokinins (substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), neurokinin b (nkb)) and related peptides on airway contractility was investigated on the guinea-pig isolated trachea. 2. removing the tracheal epithelium significantly enhanced the sensitivity but not the maximum contractile responses to the peptides. 3. after removal of the epithelial layer, the shifts to the left of the log concentration response curves were greater for ... | 1988 | 2460177 |
| spinal action of neurokinins producing cardiovascular responses in the conscious freely moving rat: evidence for a nk-1 receptor mechanism. | this study was initiated to characterize the receptors which mediate the cardiovascular responses elicited by the intrathecal (i.th.) administration of neurokinins (nk) in the conscious freely moving rat. the dose response profile for substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka) and neurokinin b (nkb) was determined over 0.065-65 nmol doses of the peptides. after i.th. administration at the t8-t10 thoracic level, only sp elicited a dose dependent pressor response. however, all nk elicited a dose depende ... | 1988 | 2469023 |
| importance of the presence of the n-terminal tripeptide of substance p for the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol metabolism in rat parotid gland: a possible activation of phospholipases c and d. | in this study, we have compared the effects of substance p (sp) and an sp deprived of the n-terminal tripeptide, sp(4-11), on phosphoinositide metabolism by measuring phosphoinositide breakdown, inositol phosphate production and inositol incorporation into phosphoinositides. this work shows that sp and sp(4-11) have similar effects on phosphatidylinositol-4.5 bisphosphate (pip2) metabolism. in fact, sp(4-11), like sp, induces a rapid pip2 breakdown. on the contrary, sp and sp(4-11) have differen ... | 1989 | 2469032 |
| prostacyclin release induced by neurokinins in cultured human endothelial cells. | the effects of neurokinins (nk) and related peptides on the secretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin f1 alpha, a stable metabolite of prostacyclin, were measured. these peptides enhanced three- to five-fold the basal secretion rate with the following rank order of potency (based on threshold concentrations for a significant output): substance p (sp) greater than or equal to nka greater than sp 4-11 greater than or equal to [pglu6]sp 6-11 = sp 7-11.nkb and sp 1-9 were inactive. ac[arg6, sar9, met(o2)11] ... | 1989 | 2469530 |
| effects of tachykinins and selective tachykinin receptor agonists on vascular permeability in the rat lower urinary tract: evidence for the involvement of nk-1 receptors. | 1. intravenous administration of three mammalian tachykinins (substance p, neurokinin a and neurokinin b) and three non-mammalian tachykinins (physalaemin, eledoisin and kassinin) induced dose-dependent increases in vascular permeability, as measured by evans blue leakage technique, in various segments of the lower urinary tract (bladder dome and neck, proximal urethra, ureters) in urethane-anaesthetized rats. 2. plasma extravasation induced by substance p (3.71 nmol kg-1 i.v.) was unaffected by ... | 1989 | 2475507 |
| the actions of neurokinins and substance p in canine pylorus, antrum and duodenum. | analogues highly selective for receptors for substance p [beta-ala4,sar9,met(02)11]-sp(4-11), for neurokinin a, [nle10]-nka(4-10), and for neurokinin b, [beta-asp4,mephe7]-nkb(4-10), were administered intraarterially before and after atropine or tetrodotoxin, to characterize the locations on nerve and muscle of the different receptor subtypes in the canine antrum, pylorus and duodenum. circular muscle strips from each region were also studied in vitro. the nk-2 receptors in the antrum and the py ... | 1989 | 2476789 |
| characterization of neurokinin effects and receptor selectivity in human isolated bronchi. | sensitive afferent nerves and the neurokinins they release upon activation are considered to be important in controlling bronchomotor tone. human isolated bronchi respond to neurokinin a (nka), substance p (sp), and neurokinin b (nkb) with dose-dependent contractions. the order of potency of the three natural neurokinins is nka greater than sp greater than nkb, suggesting the presence of nk-2 receptors. to further characterize the neurokinin receptors in human bronchi, we used selective agonists ... | 1989 | 2476956 |
| classification of tachykinin receptors in muscularis mucosae of opossum oesophagus. | 1. muscularis mucosae of the distal oesophagus of the opossum contracts in response to substance p and to a variety of tachykinins. to delineate the nature of the receptors present in this tissue, we evaluated contractile responses to substance p, neurokinin a, neurokinin b, eledoisin and analogues believed to be highly selective for nk-1, nk-2 and nk-3 receptors. in addition, the effects of prolonged exposure to each of these agents (10(-6) m or 10(-5) m) on contractile responses to substance p ... | 1989 | 2477100 |
| involvement of substance p neurons in contractions of canine small intestine produced by mesenteric nerve stimulation. | pathways for contractions of in vivo canine small intestine produced by mesenteric nerve stimulation (mns) were studied. in intact and chronically sympathectomized dogs, contractions of jejunal and ileal segments were largely reduced by intra-arterial infusion of capsaicin (10-100 microm, 0.07 ml/min), substance p (sp) antagonist, (d-pro4, d-trp7.9) sp (4-11) (100 microm, 0.14 ml/min), hexamethonium (100-1000 microm, 0.07 ml/min) or atropine (100 microm, 0.07 ml/min). in chronically vagotomized ... | 1989 | 2477434 |
| capillary permeability induced by intravenous neurokinins. receptor characterization and mechanism of action. | the effects on plasma extravasation of three increasing doses from 6.5 pmol to 650 nmol/kg of substance p (sp), sp fragments, neurokinin a (nka), neurokinin b (nkb) and selective agonists for neurokinin receptors were assessed in three cutaneous tissues (skin of hind paws, dorsal skin and ears) by intravenous (i.v.) administration in the pentobarbitone anaesthetized rat. dose-dependent increases in plasma extravasation were observed with the following rank orders of potency (sp greater than nka ... | 1989 | 2478892 |
| inhibition of carrageenan induced inflammation in the rat knee joint by substance p antagonist. | the pathophysiology of acute joint inflammation remains unclear. evidence is available to suggest a neurally mediated component to the inflammatory process. acute joint inflammation in the rat knee, induced by intra-articular injection of 2% carrageenan, was reduced by 44% in animals whose knee had previously been injected with 1% capsaicin, while chronic joint denervation produced a 37% reduction. these results indicate a significant neurogenic component in this model of acute joint inflammatio ... | 1989 | 2480755 |
| characterization of the peripheral action of neurokinins and neurokinin receptor selective agonists on the rat cardiovascular system. | the effects on mean arterial pressure (map) and heart rate (hr) of increasing doses (0.65-65 nmol/kg) of substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka), neurokinin b (nkb) and selective agonists for neurokinin receptors were measured after intravenous (i.v.) injection in urethane anaesthetized rats. neurokinins (nks) elicited a vasodepressor effect with the following rank order of potency: sp (100%) greater than nkb (17.5%) greater than nka (10%). the two undecapeptide nk-1 selective agonists, [pro9, met( ... | 1989 | 2482449 |
| capsaicin suppresses substance p-induced joint inflammation in the rat. | intra-articular injection of 20 micrograms substance p in rat knee joints results in a pronounced inflammatory response. however, prior intra-articular injection of 1% capsaicin solution (1-5 weeks previously) virtually abolishes this response. this is not a neurotoxic effect of capsaicin on nerve fibres as denervation of the knee produces no alteration of the response to injected substance p. the potent effect of capsaicin on substance p-mediated inflammation cannot be attributed to depletion o ... | 1989 | 2484727 |
| urinary tract infection. | over two years, 9892 mid-stream urine samples from patients attending the aga khan university hospital, karachi were cultured. significant bacterial growth was seen in 23.5% samples. further identification of these organisms revealed 40% of e. coli, 16% pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11% klebsiella aerogenes, 5.0% enterobacter sp., 13% proteus sp., 4.0% serratia liquifaciens, 1.0% acinetobacter sp., 3.0% citrobacter sp., 4.0% enterococci, 0.5% staphylococcus aureus. results of sensitivity tests perform ... | 1989 | 2504948 |
| [respiratory tract infections due to mycoplasma pneumoniae in elementary school children; a case report]. | epidemic respiratory tract infections occurred among elementary school children in hiroshima prefecture during june, july and august, 1987. forty (59%) of 68 children who were enrolled in an elementary school were confirmed to have respiratory diseases during this period, ten of whom were hospitalized with diagnoses of pneumonias. diagnoses of m. pneumoniae infection were made from secretions obtained by throat swabs, and by serological studies of blood specimens. twenty-four (77%) of the 31 pat ... | 1989 | 2516107 |
| comparison of six different murine coronavirus jhm variants by monoclonal antibodies against the e2 glycoprotein. | we have examined six different jhmv variants, sp-4 (recloned wt jhmv), cl-2, cnsv, dl, ds, and jhm-x, in terms of the sizes of the mrna3 and e2 glycoprotein as well as their reactivity to a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the e2 glycoprotein. two of these variants, sp-4 and jhm-x, were found to have smaller mrna3 and e2 glycoprotein species compared with those of the other four variants. in addition, sp-4 and jhm-x were distinguished from the other four variants by their inability to bind to m ... | 1989 | 2538034 |
| evidence for the involvement of endogenous substance p in the motor effects of capsaicin on the rat urinary bladder. | [pro4,trp7,9,leu11]sp-(4-11), a substance p (sp) antagonist, selectively antagonized contractions produced by either capsaicin or sp on the rat isolated urinary bladder. these experiments provide direct evidence indicating that the motor effects of capsaicin on rat urinary bladder are attributable, at least in part, to the release of endogenous sp. | 1985 | 2580073 |
| interaction of tachykinins with an adrenergic receptor in the rat urinary bladder. | the rat urinary bladder was examined as a model for studying tachykinin receptors. the order of potency, the maximal effect and the slope of the dose-response curve were examined with six tachykinins - substance p (sp), physalaemin, phyllomedusin, uperolein, eledoisin, kassinin - and several substance p fragments - sp-(2-11), sp-(3-11), sp-(4-11) and sp-(6-11). the tachykinin receptor on the rat urinary bladder was shown to bind preferentially tachykinins having a hydrophilic amino acid residue ... | 1985 | 2580719 |
| substance p antagonists showing some selectivity for different receptor types. | five antagonists have been used against substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (na) in isolated smooth muscle preparations containing either sp-p (the guinea pig ileum (g.p.i.), the dog carotid artery (d.c.a.) or sp-e receptors (the rat duodenum (r.d.), the dog (d.u.b.) and hamster urinary bladders (h.u.b.]. [d-pro4,d-trp7,9,10, phe11]sp-(4-11) was found to be selective for sp-p receptors, since it showed high affinity both against sp and na, on the g.p.i. and d.c.a., while it was found to be inactiv ... | 1985 | 2581793 |
| characterization and segmental distribution of 125i-bolton-hunter-labeled substance p binding sites in rat spinal cord. | substance p (sp) is widely distributed in the spinal cord and has been implicated as a neurotransmitter in several spinal cord neuronal systems. to investigate sp receptors in the spinal cord, 125i-bolton-hunter-sp (125i-bh-sp) was used to identify and characterize spinal cord binding sites for the peptide. the binding of 125i-bh-sp had the following characteristics: high affinity; time, temperature, and membrane concentration dependent; reversible; and saturable. the ic50 of sp in whole spinal ... | 1985 | 2582102 |
| a survey of intestinal helminths of well-cared-for dogs in jamaica, and their potential public health significance. | this study investigates the level of helminthic infestation in better-cared-for dogs in a middle-class community in suburban kingston. a canine zoographic study was conducted, and fresh faecal deposits were collected and analysed for helminth life-cycle stages. the survey indicated that 73% (n = 93) of households in the study area owned one dog or more (mean = 1.4). resident's attitudes towards canine management suggested that the dog population was, in general, restricted to the residential est ... | 1989 | 2723384 |
| [sanitary quality of ham eaten in mexico city]. | microbiological results of 2,539 hams were analyzed (counts of mesophilic aerobes, salmonella sp. and s. aureus) at the national public health laboratory from 1979 to 1987. in 58.7 percent of the cases the hams were not acceptable for human consumption, due to any of the above mentioned microbiological determinations. the main cause was the finding of high levels of mesophilic aerobes (57.5%), followed by salmonella sp (4.4%) and s. aureus (0.43%). raw, cooked and smoked hams presented the highe ... | 1989 | 2772735 |
| effect of porcine conceptus secretory proteins on interestrous interval and uterine secretion of prostaglandins. | porcine conceptus secretory proteins (pcsp) were obtained from medium in which pig conceptuses, collected on day 15 of pregnancy, were cultured for 30 h. culture medium was pooled, dialyzed, and concentrated by amicon ultrafiltration for intrauterine infusion. serum proteins (sp) were obtained from blood collected from a day 15 pregnant gilt and diluted for intrauterine infusion. catheters were placed into both uterine horns and the inferior vena cava of cyclic (day 8) gilts. single blood sample ... | 1989 | 2804221 |
| virus-like infectious agent (vlia) is a novel pathogenic mycoplasma: mycoplasma incognitus. | the newly recognized pathogenic virus-like infectious agent (vlia), originally reported in patients with aids but also known to be pathogenic in previously healthy non-aids patients and in non-human primates, was cultured in cell-free conditions using a modified sp-4 medium and classified as a member of the order mycoplasmatales, class mollicutes. the infectious microorganism is tentatively referred to as mycoplasma incognitus. m. incognitus has the unique biochemical properties of utilizing glu ... | 1989 | 2817215 |
| identification of mycoplasma incognitus infection in patients with aids: an immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization and ultrastructural study. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed against antigens from a pure culture of mycoplasma incognitus grown in modified sp-4 medium. all the mabs obtained were shown to react only with m. incognitus, and not with other species of human mycoplasma. the mabs identified m. incognitus immunohistologically in thymus, liver, spleen, lymph node, or brain from 22 patients with aids, as well as in 2 placentas delivered by patients with aids. using an 35s-labeled dna probe specific for m. incognitus a ... | 1989 | 2817216 |
| neurokinin a as a potent bronchoconstrictor. | neurokinin a (nka) and b (nkb) were more potent bronchoconstrictive agents than substance p (sp) in guinea pig tracheal strips. the content of nka in guinea pig lung homogenate was 2.26 +/- 1.09 pmol/g wet lung, which was approximately half that of sp (4.46 +/- 1.33 pmol/g wet lung); nkb was not detected in the guinea pig lung homogenate (less than 0.01 pmol/g wet lung). histologically, nka-immunoreactive fibers were distributed in the bronchial smooth muscle layers. pulmonary arteries and veins ... | 1987 | 2820282 |
| spiroplasma virus 4: nucleotide sequence of the viral dna, regulatory signals, and proposed genome organization. | the replicative form (rf) of spiroplasma virus 4 (spv4) has been cloned in escherichia coli, and the cloned rf has been shown to be infectious by transfection (m. c. pascarel-devilder, j. renaudin, and j.-m. bové, virology 151:390-393, 1986). the cloned spv4 rf was randomly subcloned and was fully sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination technique, using the m13 cloning and sequencing system. the nucleotide sequence of the spv4 genome contains 4,421 nucleotides with a g+c content of 32 mol%. t ... | 1987 | 2822658 |
| in-vitro activity of trospectomycin sulphate against mycoplasma and ureaplasma species isolated from humans. | trospectomycin sulphate, a novel analogue of spectinomycin, was compared to spectinomycin, tetracycline, lincosamide, macrolide, quinolone and naphthalenic ansamycin-class antibiotics for in-vitro activity against mycoplasma pneumoniae, m. hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum. mic determinations were conducted by the agar dilution method using either sp-4 (mycoplasma spp.) or a8 (u. urealyticum) agars. trospectomycin compared favorably with tetracycline for all the strains of m. pneumoniae, m. hom ... | 1988 | 2970452 |
| specific labeling of rat brain substance p receptor with [3h]physalaemin. | the binding of [3h]physalaemin [( 3h]phy) to rat brain membranes is specific, saturable and reversible in the presence of monovalent cations and peptidase inhibitors. monovalent cations increase the binding of [3h]phy in an ionic strength (mu)-dependent manner with an optimal effect at mu higher than 0.3. addition of 2.5 mm mncl2 results in a 2-fold increase in the affinity (kd) and a 40% increase in the maximal receptor density (bmax). scatchard analysis under these conditions indicates the exi ... | 1985 | 2991482 |
| the spiroplasma virus 4 replicative form cloned in escherichia coli transfects spiroplasmas. | the replicative form (rf) of spiroplasma virus 4 (spv4) has been purified from infected cells of spiroplasma melliferum strain g1 by alkaline lysis followed by low melting point agarose gel electrophoresis. a partial restriction map has been established. the circular rf was linearized by cutting at the unique clai restriction site and has been cloned in escherichia coli hb101 using the plasmid pbr328 as a vector. the recombinant plasmid was purified by equilibrium centrifugation in ethidium brom ... | 1986 | 3010560 |
| functional characterization of substance p receptors in the rabbit ear artery. | rabbit isolated ear arteries were perfused at a constant flow and stimulated with field pulses (5 hz, 5 impulses). different tachykinins and capsaicin depressed stimulation-induced vasoconstriction, substance p (sp) being the most potent inhibitor. the rank order of potency of the tachykinins was, sp approximately equal to physalaemin approximately equal to eledoisin greater than sp-methyl ester; that of sp and its c-terminal fragments, sp approximately equal to sp-(2-11) approximately equal to ... | 1986 | 3016561 |
| comparison between children treated at home and those requiring hospital admission for rotavirus and other enteric pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in melbourne, australia. | the etiology of acute diarrhea in children less than 42 months of age attending one pediatric hospital in melbourne, australia, was studied during a 7-month period encompassing the winter of 1984. pathogens identified in 157 children treated as outpatients with mild disease were compared with those in 232 children hospitalized with severe disease. the pathogens (and frequencies among outpatients and inpatients, respectively) detected were rotaviruses (32.5 and 50.9%), enteric adenoviruses (8.9 a ... | 1986 | 3020082 |
| [microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field]. | rokitamycin (rkm), a newly developed macrolide antibiotic with a 16-membered ring, dissolves well under acidic conditions. it has been improved over other macrolides to minimize individual variations in its absorbability. we measured, using the ga-test, variations in gastric acidities of 43 children with ages between 1 to 14 years, and investigated the relationship between gastric acidities and pharmacokinetic values. also activities (expressed in mics) of antimicrobial agents were studied again ... | 1988 | 3050186 |
| [propagation of the activity along the "stepping strip" of the spinal cord in the cat]. | three stepping points (sps) were found in one dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord at the low thoracic level in mesencephalic cats. the sps were at a distance of about 8 mm from one another, and stimulation of each sp elicited stepping of the ipsilateral hind limb. synaptic responses of single neurons to stimulation of the caudal and rostral sps before and after electrolytic lesion of the intermediate sp were recorded 5-17 mm caudal to the caudal sp. neurons excited by caudal sp stimulation ... | 1988 | 3249603 |
| species-related differences in the incidence of gram-negative bacteria isolated from the cloaca of clinically normal psittacine birds. | cloacal swabs from 506 clinically normal psittacine birds of 22 species were aerobically cultured for bacteria and yeasts. in 45 (9%) samples, no microbial organisms were recovered. gram-positive bacteria were recovered from 474 (91%) samples. the incidences of gram-negative bacteria and yeasts were: escherichia coli 157 (31%), enterobacter sp. 21 (4%), klebsiella sp. 3 (0.6%), pseudomonas sp. 4 (0.8%), and yeasts 26 (5%). differences were noted in the recovery rate of e. coli among the various ... | 1988 | 3289533 |
| accumulation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) and platinum analogues by platinum-resistant murine leukemia cells in vitro. | three murine leukemia lines resistant to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) and one line resistant to diaminocyclohexane (dach) platinum(ii) complexes were compared to their platinum-sensitive parent lines to determine whether differences in net platinum accumulation were related to the resistant phenotype. the cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii)-resistant lines (l1210ptr4, l1210ddp5, p388ptr4) and the dach-resistant line (l1210dach) were incubated in vitro with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii), [sp- ... | 1988 | 3335002 |