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canine adenovirus type 2-induced immunity to two canine adenoviruses in pups with maternal antibody.twenty-four beagle pups with high levels of maternal antibody to canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) were oronasally inoculated with cav-2 at 4 weeks of age. the cav-2 was isolated from pharyngeal swabs on postinoculation days 2 through 6. in spite of the infection, maternal antibody continued to decrease for 4 to 8 postinoculation weeks, and then homologous cav-2 neutralizing antibody and, to a lesser extent, cav-1 neutralizing antibody began to increase. when ...1975168797
cross-protective immunity to canine adenovirus type 2 by canine adenovirus type 1 vaccination. 1978216291
the pathogenicity of an attenuated strain of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2). 1978217139
use of canine adenovirus type 2 vaccine to control kennel cough syndrome. 1979223268
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of canine antibodies to canine adenoviruses.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect canine immunoglobulin g antibodies specific for infectious canine hepatitis virus and the serologically related canine adenovirus type 2. the sequential development of homologous and heterologous antibodies was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization tests in two groups of dogs which were experimentally infected with either infectious canine hepatitis virus or canine adenovirus type 2. both tests were comp ...1979229339
multiple enlargements in the right inverted terminal repeat of the dna of canine adenovirus type 2.the manhattan strain of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav 2) was examined. restriction endonuclease analysis and blot hybridization experiments revealed the heterogeneity of the viral dna. at least 9 unequally expanded species of the viral genome have been recognized. this diversity is caused by different enlargements in the right inverted terminal repeat (itr) of the virus. the differences between the individual enlargements were shown to be the different multiples of 150 base pairs. relatedness of ...19921307439
transforming genes of canine adenovirus type 2.genes of canine adenovirus type 2 (cad2) involved in transformation were localized and their functions investigated. cells transformed by cad2 whole dna or the bamhi a fragment (leftmost 47%) totally lacked contact inhibition and were serum-independent, anchorage-independent and tumorigenic in newborn rats. all the cells transformed by the xbai d (0 to 15.2%) and the ecori c (0 to 11.3%) fragments were morphologically transformed, but were serum-dependent, anchorage-dependent and not tumorigenic ...19882459301
isolation of canine adenovirus-2 from the faeces of dogs with enteric disease and its unambiguous typing by restriction endonuclease mapping.fifty-four faecal specimens obtained from kennelled dogs with diarrhoeal disease were used to inoculate a range of cell types in tissue culture. particles resembling adenovirus virions were seen in three specimens and 22 stools yielded an adenovirus upon culture. viral dna from each isolate was digested with the restriction endonucleases bam h1 and pst 1. agarose gel electrophoresis revealed identical restriction patterns for all isolates. one isolate, 9228, was selected as a prototype and was c ...19882836923
corneal oedema after vaccination of dogs with canine adenovirus 2. 19836651694
sequence analysis of the canine adenovirus 2 fiber-encoding gene.the gene coding for the fiber protein (fip) of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) has been cloned and sequenced. the putative protein has 80% sequence similarity with the cav-1 fip. the observed differences may contribute to the known differences in cell tropism and virulence of the two types of cav.19957622065
evaluation of a canine adenovirus type 2 strain as a replacement for infectious canine hepatitis vaccine. 19807440331
a modified live canine parvovirus vaccine. ii. immune response.the safety and efficacy of an attenuated canine parvovirus (a-cpv) vaccine was evaluated in both experimental and in field dogs. after parenteral vaccination, seronegative dogs developed hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titers as early as postvaccination (pv) day 2. maximal titers occurred within 1 week. immunity was associated with the persistence of hi antibody titers (titers greater than 80) that endured at least 2 years. immune dogs challenged with virulent cpv did not shed virus in ...19836337780
serologic survey of giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca), and domestic dogs and cats in the wolong reserve, china.sera from captive and recently rescued giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the wolong reserve, china, were examined by serum neutralization or hemagglutination inhibition for antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine coronavirus (ccv), canine herpesvirus (chv), pseudorabies virus (prv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav), and canine parvovirus (cpv). serum samples from village domestic dogs and cats, which run free throughout the reserve also were examined. antibodies against cpv were ...19948151830
fractal and morphometric analysis of lung structures after canine adenovirus-induced bronchiolitis in beagle puppies.acute viral respiratory infections are commonly associated with alteration in lung growth and with chronic obstructive disease. however, it is difficult to quantify these changes in lung function. we determined that the recently described techniques of fractal analysis gave additional information about the changes in lung function after viral illness compared to standard morphometric techniques. fractal and morphometric parameters change with lung growth after acute infection with canine adenovi ...19938414744
serologic survey for selected viral pathogens in brown bears from italy.blood samples were collected from six captive bears and nine free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the abruzzo national park, italy, between 1991 and 1995. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2, canine coronavirus, and canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2). serologic evidence of cdv and cpv-2-exposure was found in both captive and free-ranging bears. this may be the first report of cdv exposure in free-ranging bear ...19979131563
interspecific differences between the dna restriction profiles of canine adenoviruses.identification of canine adenovirus-1 ( cav -1) and canine adenovirus-2 ( cav -2) strains was done by electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease-fragmented viral dna. results obtained with this sensitive and reproducible technique clearly show that cav -2 is not a variant of cav -1 but a distinct virus.19846327360
intranasal vaccine trial for canine infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough).two field trials were conducted during periods of endemic (summer) and epizootic (winter) canine infectious tracheobronchitis activity to evaluate the efficacy of three intranasal vaccines in a closed commercial beagle breeding kennel. a trivalent vaccine containing bordetella bronchiseptica, canine parainfluenza, and canine adenovirus-2 was administered at 3 weeks of age. the vaccine was 71.2% and 81.8% effective in decreasing the incidence of coughing during the winter and summer trials, respe ...19816273648
should the criteria for species distinction in adenoviruses be reconsidered? evidence from canine adenoviruses 1 and 2.four strains of canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) and two strains of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) were examined by restriction enzyme analysis. in all cases, cav-1 could be readily differentiated from cav-2. additionally, monoclonal antibodies were prepared against the mirandola and manhattan strains of cav-1 and cav-2, respectively. 18 of 36 monoclonal antibodies from the cav-1 fusion and 77 of 160 monoclonal antibodies from the cav-2 fusion were type-specific by an indirect fluorescent-anti ...19853884549
mdbk nuclear factor-binding site of various serotypes of adenovirus dna.a fraction with the ability to bind the terminal fragment of equine adenovirus (ead) dna was prepared from mdbk cell nuclei. the fraction (mdbk nuclear factor) bound to the terminal fragment of all human and animal adenovirus dnas examined except avian adenovirus eds-76. however, the terminal fragments of two animal adenoviruses, ead and bovine adenovirus type 3 (bad3), showed higher affinity for the nuclear factor than the others. the mdbk nuclear factor-binding site determined by footprinting ...19863796315
oral administration of an attenuated strain of canine adenovirus (type 2) to raccoons, foxes, skunk, and mongoose.an attenuated strain of canine adenovirus type-2 (cav-2) was administered orally to 2 foxes (vulpes fulva), 6 raccoons (procyon lotor), a skunk (mephitis mephitis), and a mongoose (herpestus auropunctatus). blood was collected weekly from the animals to monitor cav-2 virus-neutralizing antibody titers. all animals had increases in titers. sera from 8 foxes, 30 mongooses, 52 raccoons, and 22 skunks trapped in the field had naturally occurring antibody to cav-2.19883348527
monoclonal antibodies to canine adenoviruses 1 and 2 that are type-specific by virus neutralization and immunofluorescence.monoclonal antibodies were produced against the mirandola strain of canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) and the manhattan strain of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2). the monoclonal antibodies were used in vitro in virus neutralization (vn) assays and in indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests to examine several strains of each virus type. out of 36 monoclonal antibodies produced against the mirandola strain, 18 were type-specific for cav-1 by ifa and 13 of those neutralized the virus in vitro. th ...19883281371
serologic evaluation of vaccinated american river otters.the oklahoma department of wildlife conservation acquired 20 american river otters (lutra canadensis) between 1984 and 1985 for reintroduction into oklahoma waterways. in 1985, 10 otters were evaluated for serum antibody titers after vaccination with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv), and feline calicivirus. prevaccination serum-virus neutralization (svn) antibody to feline rhinotracheit ...19853001000
bronchiolitis obliterans and pneumonia induced in young dogs by experimental adenovirus infection.young beagle dogs were experimentally inoculated with canine adenovirus type 2 and studied by virologic, histologic, immunoperoxidase, and ultrastructural methods from 1 to 26 days after inoculation. virus was recovered from lungs at 2, 3, 5, and 8 days after inoculation. virions and viral antigen were demonstrated by ultrastructural and immunoperoxidase techniques in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells and mucous cells in bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea as well as in bronchial and trache ...19852990219
nucleotide sequence of e1 region of canine adenovirus type 2.the nucleotide sequence of the leftmost ecori-c fragment (0 to 11.3%) of canine adenovirus type 2 (cad2) which could transform rodent cells morphologically but required additional sequences from 10 to 32 map units (m.u.) for full expression of its oncogenic potential was determined. the ecori-c fragment contains 3609 nucleotide base pairs (bp) encoding e1a, e1b, and pix genes. although the nucleotide sequence of cad2 e1 shows little homology to those of human ads, the amino acid sequences of the ...19892800332
neurotropism and retrograde axonal transport of a canine adenoviral vector: a tool for targeting key structures undergoing neurodegenerative processes.viral tropism refers to the ability of a virus to selectively infect a given subset of cells. it relies on a variety of viral and host determinants that entail virus binding and entry into target cells, in addition to the presence of genetic elements that allow or enhance viral gene expression in a specific manner. here we report the results of neuroanatomical studies in rat brains injected in different cerebral structures with vectors derived from the canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2), whose natu ...200211786042
oral vaccination of dogs fed canine adenovirus in baits.six groups of 5 dogs each were fed dilutions of canine adenovirus-2, either as raw liquid or after insertion into cornmeal baits. by the fourth week after vaccination, 29 of the 30 dogs developed high titers of serum-neutralizing antibodies to the virus.19892764336
characterization of cis-acting sequences involved in packaging porcine adenovirus type 3.encapsidation of adenovirus dna involves specific interactions between cis-acting genomic dna sequences and trans-acting proteins. the cis-acting packaging domain located near the left inverted terminal repeat is composed of a series of redundant but not functionally equivalent motifs. such motifs are made up of the consensus sequence 5'-tttgn(8)cg-3' and 5'-tttg/a-3' in human adenovirus 5 (hav-5) and canine adenovirus-2 (cav-2), respectively. to gain comparative insight into adenovirus encapsid ...200314554092
duration of serologic response to five viral antigens in dogs.to determine whether vaccinated dogs either remained seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination for 5 key viral antigens after extended periods since their last vaccination.200414710876
molecular cloning and restriction endonuclease mapping of two strains of canine adenovirus type 2.the dna of a field isolate and of a vaccine strain of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) were analysed by digestion with several restriction endonucleases. the psti restriction fragments of the field isolate (cav-2 glasgow) and the vaccine strain were cloned into the plasmid pbr322. physical maps of the two viral genomes were constructed by molecular hybridization of psti, ecori, smai, bamhi and kpni digests of the viral dna with the cloned psti fragments. the restriction profile of cav-2 glasgow ...19892732685
identification and nucleotide sequence of the early region 1 from canine adenovirus types 1 and 2.the genome of canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) has been cloned and restriction maps compiled. these maps are compared with those of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2). the left ends of both genomes were further characterised by dna sequence analysis. several features of the dna sequence and predicted polypeptide sequence are similar to those of the human adenoviruses. the level of homology observed across the e1 regions appears to be of the same order as the overall dna similarity between cav-1 an ...19892623943
an adenovirus vector with a chimeric fiber derived from canine adenovirus type 2 displays novel tropism.many clinically relevant tissues are refractory to ad5 transduction because of negligible levels of the primary ad5 receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (car). thus, development of ad vectors that display car-independent tropism could lead directly to therapeutic gain. the toronto strain of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) exhibits native tropism that is augmented by, but not fully dependent upon, car for cellular transduction. we hypothesized that an ad5 vector containing the nonhuman ...200415183058
large and small plaque variants of canine adenovirus 2 isolate. 19892557478
effects of vaccines on the canine immune system.the effects of several commercially available polyvalent canine vaccines on the immune system of the dog were examined. the results demonstrated that the polyvalent vaccines used in this study significantly suppressed the absolute lymphocyte count and that most of the polyvalent vaccines significantly suppressed lymphocyte response to mitogen, but had no effect on natural effector cell activity, neutrophil chemiluminescence, nor antibody response to canine distemper virus. the individual vaccine ...19892540897
localization of inflammation and virions in canine adenovirus type 2 bronchiolitis.beagle puppies develop bronchiolar inflammation and histamine hyperresponsiveness with canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) infections. we determined the distribution of bronchiolar lesions and correlated inflammation with virions and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) cytology. nineteen beagle puppies were inoculated with tissue culture fluid (control puppies, n = 8), or cav2 (cav2, n = 11). the puppies had clinical assessments and measurements of lung resistance (rl), and dynamic compliance (cdyn) ...19902167625
[construction and immunogenicity of recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 with the external part of glycoprotein of rabies virus].the cases of rabies increase greatly in recent years in china and rabies continues to be a serious problem in developing countries due to the reservoirs of rabies virus in dogs and wildlife vectors. the control of rabies depends on the development of safe, effective, economical vaccines that may be used for preexposure vaccination in animals. for this purpose, the external part of glycoprotein gene of rabies virus strain srv9 (rvg) was amplified by the rt-pcr and cloned into pegfp-c1 with replac ...200515989263
isolation and identification of canine adenovirus type-2 from the upper respiratory tract of a dog.to report on the isolation and identification of canine adenovirus type-2 (cav-2) from a greyhound dog with tracheitis/tonsillitis.199816032028
acute canine adenovirus 2 infection increases histamine airway reactivity in beagle puppies.acute infection with canine adenovirus was studied in 23 specific pathogen-free outbred beagle puppies (median age = 78 days, range = 67 to 86 days) to determine its effects on pulmonary function and airway responsiveness to aerosolized histamine. the following groups were studied: uninoculated (n = 6, control); inoculated with canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) (n = 11, infected); and subclinical spontaneous infection with cav2 (n = 6, subclinical). while anesthetized with chloralose and mechanica ...19902154153
changes in lung mechanics and reactivity with age after viral bronchiolitis in beagle puppies.we measured changes with growth in lung function and airway reactivity after acute canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (cpi2, n = 5), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2, n = 7), and sequential cav2-cpi2 (n = 6) infections or no infection (controls, n = 6) in beagle puppies (age approximately 79 days). in the cpi2 and cav2 groups, a lower respiratory illness developed by day 3 postinfection with clinical recovery by day 14. in the cav2-cpi2 group, puppies were inoculated initially with cav2 and 12 days ...19901963888
a mutant of canine adenovirus type 2 with a duplication of the e1a region exhibits altered expression of early region 4.the genomic dna of a vaccine strain of canine adenovirus type 2 (vaxitas; ici tasman) has been shown to contain two copies of the e1a region, the second being at the far right end of the genome. dna sequence analysis of the right terminal 2.8 kbp of this vaccine strain showed that numerous point mutations have occurred in the second copy, which would preclude the synthesis of any functional products. however, expression vectors in which the e1a promoter from the right terminus were linked to the ...19911832708
changes in lung mechanics and histamine responsiveness after sequential canine adenovirus 2 and canine parainfluenza 2 virus infection in beagle puppies.we determined the effects of an immediately antecedent viral lower respiratory tract infection (lri) on the severity of clinical illness, changes in lung function and airway histamine responsiveness produced by a subsequent lri in 9-12 week old beagle puppies inoculated with canine adenovirus 2, followed in 2 weeks by inoculation with canine parainfluenza 2 virus (cav2-cp12, n = 7). we compared their acute responses to puppies infected with cp12 alone (n = 5), cav2 alone (n = 7), and no infectio ...19911654540
canine adenovirus type 2 infection in four puppies with neurological signs.four nine- to 11-week-old puppies developed respiratory and neurological signs due to an infection with canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2); three of these were euthanased. they had moderate, diffuse pneumonia but there were no histological abnormalities in the central nervous system. adenovirus-specific nucleic acid was detected by pcr in samples of lung and brain and the amplified product was 99.8 per cent homologous with the cav-2 reference strain toronto a26/61. the positive pcr result was conf ...200616428663
experimental oral administration of canine adenovirus (type 2) to raccoons (procyon lotor).canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) has been proposed for recombinant vaccines to control rabies in wild animals. to evaluate the suitability of cav2 as a safe vector for the genetically engineered vaccines, seven wild-caught raccoons (three males and four females) were administered cav2 per os. two of the animals were euthanatized on each of post-infection days 3, 6, and 14, and one was euthanatized on day 21. two other control raccoons (a male and a female) were also euthanatized on day 21. micros ...19921448897
the canine contagious respiratory disease complex (kennel cough).several infectious agents are involved in the kennel cough complex in dogs. they include canine parainfluenza virus (sv5), canine adenovirus 2, bordetella bronchiseptica, and possibly several mycoplasma species. the importance of each of these agents in the disease syndrome is discussed as well as possible prevention or treatment.1978204455
sequence analysis of putative pviii, e3 and fibre regions of porcine adenovirus type 3.sequence analysis of a region of the genome of porcine adenovirus type 3 from map unit 79.5 to map unit 92 was performed. homology studies revealed genes coding for the hexon-associated protein pviii on the left and for the fibre protein on the right of the sequenced region. by analogy with the genomic organization of other adenoviruses, the 1179 bp sequence between the pviii and fibre open reading frames, extending from map unit 81.3 to map unit 84.7, was identified as the equivalent of the e3 ...19957625129
two genomic variations in the e1 region of canine adenovirus type 2 strains.we amplified the e1 region of canine adenovirus type 2 genomes by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and analyzed the pcr products by using eight restriction endonucleases. restriction patterns of the e1 region cleaved with haeiii and rsai revealed two genomic variations among the canine adenovirus type 2 strains. although the clinical significance of two distinct genotypes among the canine adenovirus type 2 strains is currently unknown, these genomic variations are well conserved among differe ...19947941300
expression of the foot-and-mouth disease virus vp1 protein using a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 elicits a humoral antibody response in a porcine model.to develop a new type vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) prevention by using canine adenovirus as vector, the vp1 cdna of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type o strain china 99 was amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into pegfp-c1 by replacing the gfp gene with the vp1 cdna, resulting in an expression plasmid pvp1-c1. the expression cassette of vp1 composed of the cmv promoter, the vp1 gene and the sv40 early mrna polyadenylation signal was recovered by nsi i / mlu i digestion of pvp1-c1 an ...200616817763
structural and mutational analysis of human ad37 and canine adenovirus 2 fiber heads in complex with the d1 domain of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor.adenovirus fibers from most serotypes bind the d1 domain of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (car), although the binding residues are not strictly conserved. to understand this further, we determined the crystal structures of canine adenovirus serotype 2 (cav-2) and the human adenovirus serotype 37 (had37) in complex with human car d1 at 2.3 and 1.5a resolution, respectively. structure comparison with the had12 fiber head-car d1 complex showed that the overall topology of the interaction is con ...200616923808
fractal analysis of lung alveoli during the acute phase vs. repair phase of an adenoviral infection in canines.acute viral respiratory infections are commonly associated with alterations in lung growth. recently, fractal techniques have been demonstrated to show changes in alveolar perimeter after canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) infection in a beagle puppy model. in the present study, we investigated whether the fractal dimension (df) of the alveolar perimeter was changed in the acute phase (2-3 weeks after inoculation, 131d cav2 group) or during the recovery phase (approximately 22 weeks after inoculati ...19979144835
three-year rabies duration of immunity in dogs following vaccination with a core combination vaccine against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type-1, canine parvovirus, and rabies virus.thirty-two seronegative pups were vaccinated at 8 weeks of age with modified-live canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type-2 (cav-2), and canine parvovirus (cpv) vaccine and at 12 weeks with a modified-live cdv, cav-2, cpv, and killed rabies virus vaccine. an additional 31 seronegative pups served as age-matched, nonvaccinated controls. all test dogs were strictly isolated for 3 years after receiving the second vaccination and then were challenged with virulent rabies virus. clinical ...200617039445
protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins.to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a live canarypox virus recombinant-canine distemper virus (cdv) combination vaccine against virulent cdv challenge exposure, and to document lack of interference among the other modified-live virus (mlv) components.19979256965
comparative trial of the canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 2 fractions of two commercially available modified live vaccines.the results of vaccinating two groups of puppies with commercial vaccines, both of which claimed to provide adequate protection with a final vaccination at 10 weeks of age, were compared. groups of 19 and 20 puppies with similar titres of maternally derived antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) at four weeks of age were vaccinated at six and 10 weeks of age and their responses to each vaccination were measured by comparing t ...200617127756
the conundrum between immunological memory to adenovirus and their use as vectors in clinical gene therapy.in the context of clinical gene transfer using viral vectors, the risk of memory antivector immunity is often poorly appreciated. the immunological past of the patient, the site of injection, and the vector dose will play intertwined and decisive roles in the safety and efficacy of treatment. to circumvent the drawbacks due to the ubiquitous human adenovirus (had) memory immunity, we believe that vectors derived from canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) will be more clinically useful than those deri ...200617172670
the 'blue eye' phenomenon.diffuse clouding of the cornea ('corneal oedema', 'blue eye') of sudden onset and usually transient duration and with accompanying anterior uveitis, may be attributable to natural infection with canine adenovirus type 1 (ca-1) or to vaccination with live modified virus. it is now recognised that kerato-uveitis is a manifestation of type iii hypersensitivity in which immune complex formation resulting from the release of virus, especially from infected corneal endothelial cells, brings about corn ...19836304988
a recombinant e1-deleted canine adenoviral vector capable of transduction and expression of a transgene in human-derived cells and in vivo.human adenovirus (hav) serotypes 2 and 5 are commonly used as vector backbones for adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. however, havs were chosen as a backbone for the vectors for historical reasons and have a number of significant disadvantages when used as a shuttle for gene transfer in humans. as an initial trial to circumvent some of the shortcomings of hav vectors, we have produced an e1-deleted canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) vector for gene transfer. initially, we demonstrated that cav-2 u ...19979414258
[construction of a transfer vector based on canine adenovirus type-2].canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) has been proposed as a vector for recombinant vaccine. alternatively, it may be an attractive tool for gene transfer due to lack of pre-existing immunity in humans. in this study, a transfer vector based on cav-2, in which the 1381bp fragment of the e3 region was deleted, and a linker containing the not i, cla i, fse i restriction enzyme sites were cloned into the deleted region. the recombinant cav-2 genome was released from the plasmids enzyme digestion and tra ...200717460909
novel human gene transfer vectors: evaluation of wild-type and recombinant animal adenoviruses in human-derived cells.major disadvantages of human adenovirus (had) vectors in gene therapy include preexisting or induced immune responses, and possible coreplication of recombinant had in the presence of wild-type hads. these disadvantages may be overcome by using nonhuman, animal adenoviruses (aads). we evaluated four different aads for their potential use as viral vectors. the canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) and bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav3) appeared to be suitable systems, as they infect human cells. cav2, but ...199910566887
nedocromil sodium inhibits canine adenovirus bronchiolitis in beagle puppies.nedocromil sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to control asthmatic attacks. our hypothesis is that nedocromil sodium inhibits virus-induced airway inflammation, a common trigger of asthma. we nebulized nedocromil sodium into beagle dogs (n = 10, mean +/- sem ages: 149 +/- 13 days) before and after inoculation with canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2). control dogs (n = 10) received saline aerosols and were either infected with cav2 (sal/cav2, n = 7, mean +/- sem ages: 140 +/- 11 day ...200010805150
canine adenovirus type 2 attachment and internalization: coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor, alternative receptors, and an rgd-independent pathway.the best-characterized receptors for adenoviruses (ads) are the coxsackievirus-ad receptor (car) and integrins alpha(v)beta(5) and alpha(v)beta(3), which facilitate entry. the alpha(v) integrins recognize an arg-gly-asp (rgd) motif found in some extracellular matrix proteins and in the penton base in most human ads. using a canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) vector, we found that cho cells that express car but not wild-type cho cells are susceptible to cav-2 transduction. cells expressing alpha(m) ...200011044108
combined distemper-adenoviral pneumonia in a dog.a 3 1/2-month-old pug with oculonasal discharge and seizures was submitted for postmortem examination. grossly, the lungs had cranioventral consolidation, and microscopically, 2 distinct types of inclusion bodies compatible with canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 2. presence of both viruses was confirmed via immunohistochemical staining.200717616064
characterization of cis-acting sequences involved in canine adenovirus packaging.the cis-acting packaging domain in adenovirus serotype 5 (ad5) is a series of redundant, albeit not functionally equivalent, "a-repeats" made up of the consensus sequence 5'-tttgn(8)cg-3'. a-repeats may bind trans-acting factors that direct packaging of the adenovirus genome into the preformed capsid. to try to understand this basic mechanism, we examined the packaging domain from a nonhuman adenovirus. we delimited the canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) packaging domain to within 156 bp via a con ...200111319926
antibody testing against canine coronavirus by immunoperoxidase plaque staining.the application of the immunoperoxidase (ip) plaque staining procedure (ip test) to the diagnosis of canine coronavirus (ccv) infection was investigated. the ip test did not react with sera from either 15 specific pathogen-free (spf) dogs or 7 spf dogs immunized with a multivalent vaccine, including canine parvovirus type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, and canine parainfluenza virus. to compare the ip test with the neutralizing test (nt), sera from 240 healthy dogs and from ...200111432433
trafficking and propagation of canine adenovirus vectors lacking a known integrin-interacting motif.canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) vectors may be attractive tools for gene transfer thanks to the lack of pre-existing immunity in humans, and because of the preferential transduction of neurons when the vector is injected into the brain and some innervated tissues. the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (car) appears to play a major role during infection of most human serotypes, whereas the alpha(v)beta(3/5) integrins have been reported to play a significant auxiliary role. we showed that cav-2 ...200111560774
vaccination of puppies born to immune dams with a canine adenovirus-based vaccine protects against a canine distemper virus challenge.none of the currently available distemper vaccines provides a satisfactory solution for the immunization of very young carnivores in the face of maternal-derived immunity. since mucosal immunization with replication-competent adenovirus-based vaccines has been proven effective in the face of passive immunity against the vector, it has the potential to provide a solution for the vaccination of young puppies born to canine distemper virus (cdv)-immune dams. we report the engineering and the charac ...200212297394
a placebo-controlled trial of two intranasal vaccines to prevent tracheobronchitis (kennel cough) in dogs entering a humane shelter.a placebo-controlled field trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of intranasal (in) vaccines containing bordetella bronchiseptica and canine-parainfluenza virus, with (in-bpa) or without (in-bp) canine-adenovirus type 2, for prevention of kennel cough at a humane shelter. dogs were examined on admission to the shelter and those without respiratory signs of disease were assigned daily, on a rotating basis, to receive one of three vaccines. we enrolled 972 healthy dogs. dogs were monito ...200415156996
canine distemper and related diseases: report of a severe outbreak in a kennel.an outbreak of canine distemper in a kennel of german shepherds in the province of bari is reported. six 42-day-old pups developed typical signs of canine distemper (fever, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress and enteritis) and died within 7-10 days. neurological symptoms were observed only in one pup. four additional pups, which had shown no sign of illness, were separated and vaccinated, but two of these developed a severe, fatal nervous form 15 days later. post-mortem examination, carried ou ...200415164629
longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious respiratory disease.in this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), respiratory disease was endemic. tissue samples from the respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. the development of pcr assays for the detection of cpiv, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (chv) is d ...200415472304
evaluation of the efficacy and duration of immunity of a canine combination vaccine against virulent parvovirus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, and distemper virus experimental challenges.the results of this study confirmed that dogs vaccinated subcutaneously with a commercially available multivalent vaccine containing modified-live canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus type 2b, and canine parainfluenza virus antigens were protected against sequential experimental challenge 55 to 57 months after initial vaccination given at 7 to 8 weeks of age. all 10 vaccinates were protected against clinical diseases and mortality following parvovirus and infectiou ...200415578450
three-year duration of immunity in dogs following vaccination against canine adenovirus type-1, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus.a challenge-of-immunity study was conducted to demonstrate immunity in dogs 3 years after their second vaccination with a new multivalent, modified-live vaccine containing canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine parvovirus (cpv), and canine distemper virus (cdv). twenty-three seronegative pups were vaccinated at 7 and 11 weeks of age. eighteen seronegative pups, randomized into groups of six dogs, served as challenge controls. dogs were kept in strict isolation for 3 years following the vaccina ...200515906266
[construction of recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing canine coronavirus spike glycoprotein and its immunogenicity].in order to construct a recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) expressing the spike glycoprotein of canine coronavirus (ccv), the s1 gene fragment of ccv strain dxmv, encoding major antigenic region a, b, c and d of s protein, was amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into pvax1 vector. the complete s1 expression cassette was subcloned into the shuttle vector pvaxe3, then further cloned into the backbone vector ppoly2-cav2 containing complete genome of cav-2. to gain the recombinant canine adenov ...200516245877
virologic survey of dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis.to determine the frequency of viral detection in conjunctival samples from client-owned domestic dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis and to identify signalment, historical, and clinical findings positively associated with viral detection.200919827980
infectivity enhancement for adenoviral transduction of canine osteosarcoma cells.the full realization of conditionally replicative adenoviruses (crads) for cancer therapy has been hampered by the limited knowledge of crad function in vivo and particularly in an immunocompetent host. to address this issue, we previously proposed a canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2)-based crad for clinical evaluation in canine patients with osteosarcoma (os). in this study, we evaluated infectivity-enhancement strategies to establish the foundation for designing a potent cav2 crad with effective ...200616292351
immune responses in pigs induced by recombinant canine adenovirus 2 expressing the glycoprotein 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.to develop a new type vaccine for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) prevention by using canine adenovirus 2(cav-2) as vector, the glycoprotein 5(gp5) gene from prrsv strain jl was amplified by rt-pcr, and the expression cassette of gp5 was constructed using the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) promoter and the simian virus 40 (sv40) early mrna polyadenylation signal. the expression cassette of glycoprotein 5 was cloned into the cav-2 genome in which e3 region had been partly delet ...201020432066
fluorescently tagged canine adenovirus via modification with protein ix-enhanced green fluorescent protein.canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) has become an attractive vector for gene therapy because of its non-pathogenicity and the lack of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against this virus in the human population. additionally, this vector has been proposed as a conditionally replicative adenovirus agent under the control of an osteocalcin promoter for evaluation in a syngeneic, immunocompetent canine model with spontaneous osteosarcoma. in this study, a cav2 vector labelled with the fluorescent ca ...200516298964
canine adenoviruses elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against rabies following immunisation of sheep.safe and efficient vaccination is important for rabies prevention in domestic animals. replicative vectors expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein, derived from canine adenovirus have been reported to be promising vaccines in various animal models. in this paper we compare the potential of a replicative and a non-replicative vector, both based on canine adenovirus type 2 and expressing the rabies glycoprotein. upon inoculation in sheep, immune responses against the rabies virus protein elicited ...201021134446
antibodies to parvovirus, distemper virus and adenovirus conferred to household dogs using commercial combination vaccines containing leptospira bacterin.to examine how the inclusion (+) or exclusion (-) of inactivated leptospira antigens in a vaccine for canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus type 2 (cadv-2) affects antibody titres to cpv-2, cdv and cadv-1 antigens, household dogs were vaccinated with commercially available vaccines from one of three manufacturers. cpv-2, cdv and cadv-1 antibody titres were measured 11 to 13 months later and compared within three different age groups and three differ ...201021262693
canine adenovirus vectors for lung-directed gene transfer: efficacy, immune response, and duration of transgene expression using helper-dependent vectors.a major hurdle to the successful clinical use of some viral vectors relates to the innate, adaptive, and memory immune responses that limit the efficiency and duration of transgene expression. some of these drawbacks may be circumvented by using vectors derived from nonhuman viruses such as canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2). here, we evaluated the potential of cav-2 vectors for gene transfer to the respiratory tract. we found that cav-2 transduction was efficient in vivo in the mouse respiratory ...200616415025
prevention of rabies virus infection in dogs by a recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein.safe and effective vaccination is important for rabies prevention in animals. although several genetically engineered rabies vaccines have been developed, few have been licensed for use, principally due to biosafety concerns or due to poor efficacy in animal models. in this paper, we describe the construction and characterization of a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (srv9 strain) by a different strategy from that reported previo ...200616524754
[construction and experimental immunity of recombinant replication-competent canine adenovirus type 2 expressing hemagglutinin gene of h5n1 subtype tiger influenza virus].h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was highly pathogenic and sometimes even fatal for tigers and cats. to develop a new type of vaccine for felidae influenza prevention, recombinant replication-competent canine adenovirus type 2 expressing hemagglutinin gene of h5n1 subtype tiger influenza virus was constructed. a/tiger/harbin/01/2003 (hsn1) ha gene was cloned into pvax1. the ha expression cassette which included cmv and ha and polya was ligated into the e3 deletion region of pvaxdelta ...200616736595
a single immunization with a recombinant canine adenovirus expressing the rabies virus g protein confers protective immunity against rabies in mice.rabies vaccines based on live attenuated rabies viruses or recombinant pox viruses expressing the rabies virus (rv) glycoprotein (g) hold the greatest promise of safety and efficacy, particularly for oral immunization of wildlife. however, while these vaccines induce protective immunity in foxes, they are less effective in other animals, and safety concerns have been raised for some of these vaccines. because canine adenovirus 2 (cav2) is licensed for use as a live vaccine for dogs and has an ex ...200616938327
retracted: development of recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing tsol18 of porcine cysticercus.this article has been retracted consistent with elsevier policy on article withdrawal. please see . the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.200617095028
compatibility of a bivalent modified-live vaccine against bordetella bronchiseptica and cpiv, and a trivalent modified-live vaccine against cpv, cdv and cav-2.eight puppies (group 1) were vaccinated once with a bivalent modified-live vaccine against infectious tracheobronchitis by the intranasal route and at the same time with an injectable trivalent vaccine against canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus; a second group of eight puppies (group 2) was vaccinated only with the intranasal bivalent vaccine, and a further eight puppies (group 3) were vaccinated only with the injectable trivalent vaccine. three weeks later they were ...200717220520
administration of a conditionally replicative oncolytic canine adenovirus in normal dogs.conditionally replicative adenoviruses (crads) are engineered to replicate only in the target tissue and destroy tumor through their cytopathic effect. because of restricted in vivo replication, it is difficult to model behavior of human ad5-based vectors in animal subjects. to circumvent this, we developed a "syngeneic" canine crad based on canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2) transcriptionally targeted to canine osteosarcoma (os) cells. canine os is an outstanding model of human os and is the most ...200617257075
prevalence of canine infectious respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at us animal shelters.to determine the prevalence of nine canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at animal shelters across the united states.201526199194
detection of respiratory viruses and bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs with acute respiratory tract infections.canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) is an acute, highly contagious disease complex caused by a variety of infectious agents. at present, the role of viral and bacterial components as primary or secondary pathogens in cird is not fully understood. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine influenza virus (civ), canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), canine herpes virus-1 (chv-1), canine distempe ...201424980809
[construction and identification of recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing exogenous rabies glycoprotein (rgp)].safe and effective vaccination is important for rabies prevention. here, genetically engineered rabies vaccine cav2-deltae3-rgp was developed and characterized. the recombinant genome ppoly2-cav2-deltae3-rgp carrying the rabies glycoprotein (rgp) cdna was generated by a series of strictly gene cloning steps and infectious recombinant virus cav2-deltae3-rgp was obtained by transfecting the recombinant genome into a canine kidney cell line, mdck. to efficiently construct cloned recombinant canine ...200717552245
simultaneous canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, and mycoplasma cynos infection in a dog with pneumonia.the present case is the first description of a triple infection with canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus (cav) type 2, and mycoplasma cynos in a dog. the 5-month-old female miniature pinscher was euthanized because of dyspnea, croaking lung sounds, weight loss, and lymphopenia. pathologic examination revealed a fibrinous necrotizing pneumonia with large amphophilic intranuclear and acidophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in different lung cells. immunohistochemically, cdv ant ...200717606512
canine adenovirus type 1 infection of a eurasian river otter (lutra lutra).a 10-year-old female eurasian river otter (lutra lutra) died after prolonged anorexia and weight loss in the seoul grand park zoo, seoul, republic of korea. on necropsy, the liver was found to be swollen and friable with 1 lobe enlarged and necrotic. the other organs showed no significant alterations except for mild atrophy of the right kidney. microscopically, there was multifocal hepatic necrosis. the hepatocytes around the necrotic areas were swollen and contained large basophilic intranuclea ...200717606519
pathogens of wild maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) in brazil.the maned wolf, chrysocyon brachyurus, is an endangered neotropical canid that survives at low population densities. diseases are a potential threat for its conservation but to date have been poorly studied. we performed clinical evaluations and investigated the presence of infectious diseases through serology and coprologic tests on maned wolves from galheiro natural private reserve, perdizes city, minas gerais state, southeastern brazil. fifteen wolves were captured between 2003 and 2008. we f ...201223060508
oral vaccination of dogs (canis familiaris) with baits containing the recombinant rabies-canine adenovirus type-2 vaccine confers long-lasting immunity against rabies.rabies is a reemerging and fatal infectious disease in asia mainly caused by exposure to rabid dogs. prevention of dog rabies would be the most effective way to stop rabies transmission to humans. however, vaccinating stray dogs in urban and rural areas using conventional vaccines is always difficult and is not cost-effective for use in most areas including china. further to previous studies from our laboratory, we developed a bait containing the recombinant rabies vaccine and performed a non-pa ...200818083277
serologic evidence for selected infectious diseases in marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in italy (2004-09).we tested 30 serum samples collected during 2004-09 from 22 free-ranging marsican brown bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in the national park of abruzzo, lazio, and molise, italy, for antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), brucella spp., and eight leptospira interrogans sensu lato serovars. antibody to cdv was detected in 11 samples (37%); only two bears (10%) had detectable cav-2 and brucella spp. antibodies; three bea ...201525375945
three-year serologic immunity against canine parvovirus type 2 and canine adenovirus type 2 in dogs vaccinated with a canine combination vaccine.a group of client-owned dogs and a group of dogs at a commercial kennel were evaluated for duration of antibody responses against canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) after receiving a combination vaccine containing recombinant canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus (cdv) and modified-live cpv-2, cav-2, and canine parainfluenza virus, with (c6) or without (c4) two serovars of leptospira (recombitek c4 or c6, merial). duration of antibody, which correlates with ...200718183549
development of recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing the gn glycoprotein of seoul virus.seoul virus glycoprotein gn is a major structural protein and candidate antigen of hantavirus that induces a highly immunogenic response for hantavirus vaccine. in this study, a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing gn was constructed by the in vitro ligation method. the gn expression cassette, including the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) promoter/enhancer and the sv40 early mrna polyadenylation signal, was cloned into the sspi site of the e3 region which is not ess ...200818249007
complete protection of cats against feline panleukopenia virus challenge by a recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing vp2 from fpv.feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) is an important infectious pathogen of all members of the family felidae. here, we describe construction of a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) expressing the vp2 protein of fpv (cav-2-vp2) by transfection of mdck cells with recombinant cav-2 genome carrying a vp2 expression cassette. ten 3-month-old cats were vaccinated with the recombinant virus with two boosters at 15-day intervals. all cats developed neutralizing antibodies of ...200818313810
detection of canine adenoviral infections in urine and faeces by the polymerase chain reaction.the present study was aimed at developing the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for detection of canine adenoviruses from faecal or urine samples. urine or faecal samples were treated with chloroform or activated charcoal to eliminate the pcr inhibitory substances and the total dna was extracted. the pcr was optimized using common set of primers to amplify 508 bp or 1,030 bp dna sequence within e3 gene of canine adenovirus-1 (cav-1) and canine adenovirus-2 (cav-2), respectively. the pcr assa ...200818329729
etiologic study of upper respiratory infections of household dogs.infectious tracheobronchitis (itb), also known as the kennel cough, is a respiratory syndrome of dogs and usually appears to be contagious among dogs housed in groups. etiologic agent of itb is multiple and sometimes complex. in the present study, 68 household dogs showing clinical signs of respiratory infection were examined, and 20 dogs (29.4%) were found to be positive for either of following agents. bordetella bronchiseptica (b.b.) was most frequently detected from nasal and oropharynx sites ...200818628596
demonstration of 1-year duration of immunity for attenuated bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines in dogs.three groups of healthy dogs with low antibody titers to bordetella bronchiseptica (bb), canine parainfluenza virus (cpi), and canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) were used in this study. one group was vaccinated with a single dose of monovalent attenuated bb vaccine and one group with a trivalent vaccine containing attenuated bb, cpi, and cav-2; dogs were vaccinated intranasally with a single dose of the respective vaccines. the third group served as unvaccinated controls. all vaccinated dogs subs ...200819177330
functional organization of the major late transcriptional unit of canine adenovirus type 2.vectors derived from canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) are attractive candidates for gene therapy and live recombinant vaccines. cav-2 vectors described thus far have been generated by modifying the virus genome, most notably early regions 1 and 3 or the fiber gene. modification of these genes was underpinned by previous descriptions of their mrna and protein-coding sequences. similarly, the construction of new cav-2 vectors bearing changes in other genomic regions, in particular many of those ex ...200919264594
a single immunization with a recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing the seoul virus gn glycoprotein confers protective immunity against seoul virus in mice.seoul virus (seov), a member of hantavirus genus, is one of the causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and afflicts tens of thousands of people annually. in this paper, we evaluate the immune response induced by a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing the gn protein of seov (rcav-2-gn) in balb/c mice. sera from immunized mice contained neutralizing antibodies that could specifically recognize seov and neutralize its infectivity in vitro. ...200919583957
a real-time pcr assay for quantification of canine adenoviral vectors.the pre-existing humoral and cellular immunity found in the great majority of the population raises concerns about the clinical efficacy and safety of vectors derived from ubiquitous human adenovirus serotypes. to alleviate these concerns, canine adenovirus type 2 vectors (cav-2) were developed. owing to their extraordinary neuronal tropism and efficient axonal retrograde transport, cav-2 vectors hold great promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. the development and validation o ...201019751766
generation of e3-deleted canine adenovirus type 2 expressing the gc glycoprotein of seoul virus by gene insertion or deletion of related terminal region sequences.seoul virus (seov) is one of the four hantaviruses known to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the medium genome segment encodes the gn/gc glycoproteins of seov, which form the major structural part of the virus envelope. gc and/or gn are the candidate antigens of hantavirus for induction of a highly immunogenic response for hantavirus vaccine. in this study, the immune response induced by a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing the gc protein of seov w ...201020181748
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